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Indian Academy of Pediatrics Consensus Guidelines on Preconception Care. Indian Pediatr 2024; 61:305-320. [PMID: 38597099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
JUSTIFICATION The preconception period is the earliest window of opportunity to ensure optimal human development. Pregnancy and childbirth outcomes can be improved by interventions offered to support the health and well-being of women and couples prior to conception. Thus, preconception care is essential in preparing for the first thousand days of life. Adolescence, the stage of life that typically comes before the preconception stage, is characterized by various high-risk behaviors like substance abuse, sexual experimentation, injuries, obesity, and mental health issues which can adversely affect their health in adult life. Thus, a Consensus Guideline for pediatricians on providing preconception care to adolescents and young adults can go a long way in making the generations to come, healthier and more productive. OBJECTIVES The purpose of these recommendations is to formulate an evidence-based Consensus Statement that can serve as a guidance for medical professionals to provide preconception care for young adults and adolescents. INTENDED USERS All obstetric, pediatric, and adolescent health care providers. TARGET POPULATION Adolescents and young adults. PROCESS A large proportion of adolescents seek care from pediatricians and there is a lack of Consensus Guidelines on preconception care. Therefore, the Indian Academy of Pediatrics called an online National Consultative Meeting on April 03, 2023, under the chairmanship of Dr MKC Nair and the National Convenor Dr Himabindu Singh. A group of pediatricians with wide experience and expertise in adolescent health care were assigned the task of formulating evidence-based guidelines on preconception care. The group conducted a comprehensive review of existing evidence by searching resources including PubMed and Cochrane databases. Subsequently, a physical meeting was held at Amritsar on October 07, 2023 during which the consensus was reached through discussions and voting. The level of evidence (LoE) of each recommendation was graded as per the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) 2011. RECOMMENDATIONS Every woman planning a pregnancy needs to attain and maintain a eumetabolic state. Prospective couples need to be counselled on the importance of a healthy lifestyle including a nutritious diet, avoidance of substance abuse, and timely screening for genetic disorders. Screening for and management of sexually transmitted diseases in males and females, appropriate vaccination and addressing mental health concerns are also recommended.
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Joint Statement on Comprehensive Education for Adolescents and Young People to Support their Healthy Development and Well-being: Adolescent Health Academy, Indian Academy of Pediatrics, Federation of Obstetric and Gynecological Societies of India, Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine, and Indian Public Health Association. Indian J Community Med 2024; 49:264-268. [PMID: 38665459 PMCID: PMC11042146 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_57_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
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Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) Advisory Committee on Vaccines and Immunization Practices (ACVIP): Recommended Immunization Schedule (2023) and Update on Immunization for Children Aged 0 Through 18 Years. Indian Pediatr 2024; 61:113-125. [PMID: 38243749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
JUSTIFICATION In view of new developments in vaccinology and the availability of new vaccines, there is a need to revise/review the existing immunization recommendations. PROCESS The Advisory Committee on Vaccines and Immunization Practices (ACVIP) of Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) had a physical meeting on March 25, 2023, at Vaccicon, Kolkata, followed by online meetings to discuss the updates and new recommendations. Opinion of each member was sought on the various recommendations and updates, following which an evidence-based consensus was reached. The contents were finalized on September 8, 2023, during the National Conference of Pediatric - Infectious Diseases (NCPID) at Aurangabad. An online meeting of all members was held on November 15, 2023 and the recommendations were finalized. Objectives To review and revise the IAP immunization recommendations of 2020-21 and issue recommendations on existing and new vaccines. RECOMMENDATIONS The major changes include recommendation of HPV vaccine for boys; a 2-dose schedule of 9vHPV for boys and girls aged 9-14 y; a dose of Td vaccine at 16-18 y; guidance for injectable polio vaccine (IPV) for those patients who are changing from National Immunization Program to IAP schedule.
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Joint Statement on Comprehensive Education for Adolescents and Young People to Support Their Healthy Development and Wellbeing: Adolescent Health Academy, Indian Academy of Pediatrics, Federation of Obstetric and Gynecological Societies of India, Indian Association of Preventive and Social Medicine, and Indian Public Health Association. Indian Pediatr 2024; 61:24-29. [PMID: 38183247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
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Indian Academy of Pediatrics Revised Guidelines on Evaluation, Prevention and Management of Childhood Obesity. Indian Pediatr 2023; 60:1013-1031. [PMID: 38087786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
JUSTIFICATION The last guidelines for pediatric obesity were released in 2004 by Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP). Since then, there has been an alarming increase in prevalence and a significant shift in our understanding in the pathogenesis, risk factors, evaluation, and management of pediatric obesity and its complications. Thus, it was decided to revise and update the previous recommendations. OBJECTIVES To review the existing literature on the burden of childhood obesity and its underlying etiology and risk factors. To recommend evaluation of childhood obesity and suggest optimum prevention and management strategies of childhood obesity. PROCESS The following IAP chapters (Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Infant and Young Child feeding, Nutrition, Non-Communicable Disease and Adolescent Health Academy) were invited to nominate members to become part of the writing committee. The Committee held discussions on various aspects of childhood obesity through online meetings between February and August, 2023. Recommendations were then formulated, which were analyzed, revised and approved by all members of the Committee. RECOMMENDATIONS Exogenous or primary obesity accounts for the majority of cases of childhood obesity. It is important to differentiate it from endogenous or secondary obesity as evaluation and management changes depending on the cause. In Indian, in children under 5 years of age, weight for length/height using WHO charts, and in children 5-18 years, BMI using IAP 2015 charts is used to diagnose overweight and obesity. Waist circumference should be routinely measured in all overweight and obese children and plotted on India specific charts, as it is a key measure of cardio-metabolic risk. Routine evaluation for endocrine causes is not recommended, except in short and obese children with additional diagnostic clues. All obese children more than ten years old should be evaluated for comorbidities like hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (NAFLD/ MASLD). Prevention and management of childhood obesity mainly involves healthy diet practices, daily moderate to vigorous physical activity and reduced screen time. Pharmacotherapy may be offered as an addition to lifestyle interventions only in cases of class 3 obesity or if there are any life-threatening comorbidities. Finally, surgical management may be offered in children older than 12 years of age with class 2 obesity and associated comorbidities or class 3 obesity with/without comorbidities, only after failure of a proper trial of intense lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapy for at least 6 months.
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Healthcare provider perspectives on COVID-19 vaccination for children in India. BMJ Paediatr Open 2023; 7:e002165. [PMID: 37940342 PMCID: PMC10632885 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2023-002165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid development and deployment of effective COVID-19 vaccines have been critical to halt the spread of the pandemic. India started vaccinating children in early 2022, however, vaccine uptake has been suboptimal. METHODS Between September and November 2022, we conducted an online survey that was disseminated to eligible participants via email, text messages and social media platforms across India. The survey aimed to gather the perspectives of Indian healthcare providers regarding key factors related to the rollout of paediatric COVID-19 vaccines. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse participant demographics and responses on knowledge about paediatric COVID-19 vaccines, perceived risks and benefits, and vaccine rollout strategies. RESULTS The survey yielded 805 respondents from 23 Indian states; 63.5% were men, 97.3% were paediatricians, median age was 44 years (IQR 25-81). Eighty-one per cent and 65.2% respondents had heard about the most common paediatric COVID-19 vaccines in India, Covaxin and Corbevax, but only 52.9%, 53.7% and 62.1% felt adequately informed about their safety, efficacy and vaccination schedules, respectively. Thirty per cent of respondents were unaware of vaccination guidelines. Eighty-five per cent of respondents felt that vaccines would reduce the incidence of severe disease, hospitalisation and deaths, and 60.6% felt children with comorbidities should be prioritised for vaccination. Perceived supply side barriers included lack of enforcement of guidelines (45.2%) and adverse effects following immunisation monitoring systems (37.6%), and on the demand side, parental vaccine hesitancy (64.4%). Eighty-one per cent believed that school-based vaccination strategies would be highly effective in increasing uptake. CONCLUSIONS Most respondents were in support of the COVID-19 paediatric vaccination, although just over half did not feel adequately informed. Concerns about vaccine hesitancy among caregivers were the leading reported barrier. Targeted interventions are needed to provide adequate knowledge support to healthcare providers and evidence-based public health messaging to reduce vaccine hesitancy among caregivers.
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In Vitro Evaluation of marginal adaptation of polyether ether ketone and zirconia copings. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:701-708. [PMID: 37470642 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_701_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) has emerged as a new thermoplastic material with potential applications as a restorative material. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the marginal adaptation of PEEK copings compared to zirconia copings using field emission scanning electron microscopy. Materials and Methods A freshly extracted maxillary central incisor was prepared for a full-coverage restoration following standard principles of tooth preparation. The tooth was sent to a laboratory for fabrication of samples using computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM). Twenty samples of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) copings (group A) and 20 of zirconia copings were fabricated (group B). The copings were scanned under a field emission scanning electron microscope and measurements were taken at four distinct points. The marginal adaptation over the buccal, lingual, mesial, and distal margins for both groups was evaluated. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent t test were applied. Results Our findings indicate that PEEK showed better marginal adaptation than zirconia at all measurement points. The mean marginal gap value of the PEEK group was 33.99 ± 8.81 μm and of the zirconia group was 56.21 ± 15.07 μm. On comparing marginal adaptation among the mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual aspects, PEEK showed better adaptation on all four margins, with the best adaptation on the buccal margin that had the lowest mean gap value of 29.27 ± 6.07 μm. The zirconia group adapted best at the distal margin, with a lowest mean gap value of 53.58 ± 15.25 μm (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion PEEK copings had better marginal adaptation and fit compared to zirconia copings. It may have applications as a restorative material in fixed prostheses.
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Profile of Cardiac Involvement in Children After Exposure to COVID-19. Indian Pediatr 2023; 60:385-388. [PMID: 36896749 PMCID: PMC10185927 DOI: 10.1007/s13312-023-2886-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the incidence and pattern of cardiac involvement in children post-COVID (coronavirus disease) infection in a tertiary care referral hospital in India. METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted including all consecutive children with suspected MIS-C referred to the cardiology services. RESULTS Of the 111 children with mean (SD) age was 3.5 (3.6) years, 95.4% had cardiac involvement. Abnormalities detected were coronary vasculopathy, pericardial effusion, valvular regurgitation, ventricular dysfunction, diastolic flow reversal in aorta, pulmonary hypertension, bradycardia and intra-cardiac thrombus. The survival rate post treatment was 99%. Early and short-term follow-up data was available in 95% and 70%, respectively. Cardiac parameters improved in majority. CONCLUSION Cardiac involvement post COVID-19 is often a silent entity and may be missed unless specifically evaluated for. Early echocardiography aided prompt diagnosis, triaging, and treatment, and helps in favorable outcomes.
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A Study of Optimized Proposed Model for Gateway Congestion Control. 2022 11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYSTEM MODELING & ADVANCEMENT IN RESEARCH TRENDS (SMART) 2022. [DOI: 10.1109/smart55829.2022.10047440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2023]
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Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Nutritional Anemia in Children: Recommendations of the Joint Committee of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Chapter and Pediatric and Adolescent Nutrition Society of the Indian Academy of Pediatrics. Indian Pediatr 2022; 59:782-801. [PMID: 36263494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
JUSTIFICATION Anemia in children is a significant public health problem in our country. Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey 2016-18 provides evidence that more than 50% of childhood anemia is due to an underlying nutritional deficiency. The National Family Health Survey-5 has reported an increase in the prevalence of anemia in the under-five age group from 59% to 67.1% over the last 5 years. Clearly, the existing public health programs to decrease the prevalence of anemia have not shown the desired results. Hence, there is a need to develop nationally acceptable guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of nutritional anemia. OBJECTIVE To review the available literature and collate evidence-based observations to formulate guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of nutritional anemia in children. PROCESS These guidelines have been developed by the experts from the Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Chapter and the Pediatric and Adolescent Nutrition (PAN) Society of the Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP). Key areas were identified as: epidemiology, nomenclature and definitions, etiology and diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia (IDA), treatment of IDA, etiology and diagnosis of vitamin B12 and/or folic acid deficiency, treatment of vitamin B12 and/or folic acid deficiency anemia and prevention of nutritional anemia. Each of these key areas were reviewed by at least 2 to 3 experts. Four virtual meetings were held in November, 2021 and all the key issues were deliberated upon. Based on review and inputs received during meetings, draft recommendations were prepared. After this, a writing group was constituted which prepared the draft guidelines. The draft was circulated and approved by all the expert group members. RECOMMENDATIONS We recommend use of World Health Organization (WHO) cut-off hemoglobin levels to define anemia in children and adolescents. Most cases suspected to have IDA can be started on treatment based on a compatible history, physical examination and hemogram report. Serum ferritin assay is recommended for the confirmation of the diagnosis of IDA. Most cases of IDA can be managed with oral iron therapy using 2-3 mg/kg elemental iron daily. The presence of macro-ovalocytes and hypersegmented neutrophils, along with an elevated mean corpuscular volume (MCV), should raise the suspicion of underlying vitamin B12 (cobalamin) or folic acid deficiency. Estimation of serum vitamin B12 and folate level are advisable in children with macrocytic anemia prior to starting treatment. When serum vitamin B12 and folate levels are unavailable, patients should be treated using both drugs. Vitamin B12 should preferably be started 10-14 days ahead of oral folic acid to avoid precipitating neurological symptoms. Children with macrocytic anemia in whom a quick response to treatment is required, such as those with pancytopenia, severe anemia, developmental delay and infantile tremor syndrome, should be managed using parenteral vitamin B12. Children with vitamin B12 deficiency having mild or moderate anemia may be managed using oral vitamin B12 preparations. After completing therapy for nutritional anemia, all infants and children should be advised to continue prophylactic iron-folic acid (IFA) supplementation as prescribed under Anemia Mukt Bharat guidelines. For prevention of anemia, in addition to age-appropriate IFA prophylaxis, routine screening of infants for anemia at 9 months during immunization visit is recommended.
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Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Nutritional Anemia in Children: Recommendations of the Joint Committee of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Chapter and Pediatric and Adolescent Nutrition Society of the Indian Academy of Pediatrics. Indian Pediatr 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-022-2622-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Evolving multidisciplinary treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck in India ✰. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2020; 26:100269. [PMID: 33338859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2020.100269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we highlight the evolution of a multimodal approach in the overall management of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) in India; present advances in technology (newer surgical techniques), novel medical and radiotherapy (RT) approaches; review their roles for an integrated approach for treating SCCHN and discuss the current role of immunotherapy in SCCHN. For locally advanced (LA) SCCHN, the multidisciplinary approach includes surgery followed by RT, with or without chemotherapy (CT) or concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Improved surgical techniques of reconstruction and voice-preservation are being implemented. Advanced forms of high-precision conformal techniques like intensity-modulated radiotherapy are used to deliver highly conformal doses to tumors, sparing the surrounding normal tissue. Compared with RT alone, novel CT regimens and targeted therapeutic agents have the potential to improve locoregional control and survival and reduce treatment-induced toxicities. Several clinical trials have demonstrated efficacy, safety, and quality of life benefits of adding cetuximab to RT regimens in LASCCHN. Studies have also suggested a cetuximab-related laryngeal preservation benefit. At progression, platinum-based CT combined with cetuximab (a monoclonal anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody) is the only validated option available as the first-line therapy. Thus, an integrated multidisciplinary approach plays a key role in maximizing patient outcomes, reduction in treatment related morbidities that consequently impact quality of life of survivors.
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Abstract
The evolution of bismuth crystal structure upon excitation of its A1g phonon has been intensely studied with short pulse optical lasers. Here we present the first-time observation of a hard x-ray induced ultrafast phase transition in a bismuth single crystal at high intensities (~1014 W/cm2). The lattice evolution was followed using a recently demonstrated x-ray single-shot probing setup. The time evolution of the (111) Bragg peak intensity showed strong dependence on the excitation fluence. After exposure to a sufficiently intense x-ray pulse, the peak intensity dropped to zero within 300 fs, i.e. faster than one oscillation period of the A1g mode at room temperature. Our analysis indicates a nonthermal origin of a lattice disordering process, and excludes interpretations based on electron-ion equilibration process, or on thermodynamic heating process leading to plasma formation.
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Publisher's Note: Relativistic breather-type solitary waves with linear polarization in cold plasmas [Phys. Rev. E 91, 033102 (2015)]. Phys Rev E 2016; 94:029903. [PMID: 27627431 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.029903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.91.033102.
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Persistence of Japanese encephalitis virus infection in healthy children in JE Endemic Area. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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The effect of nutritional stress on sperm motion characteristics and sexual behaviour of rams in a semi-arid tropical environment. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/65635/2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Relativistic breather-type solitary waves with linear polarization in cold plasmas. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 91:033102. [PMID: 25871219 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.91.033102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Linearly polarized solitary waves, arising from the interaction of an intense laser pulse with a plasma, are investigated. Localized structures, in the form of exact numerical nonlinear solutions of the one-dimensional Maxwell-fluid model for a cold plasma with fixed ions, are presented. Unlike stationary circularly polarized solitary waves, the linear polarization gives rise to a breather-type behavior and a periodic exchange of electromagnetic energy and electron kinetic energy at twice the frequency of the wave. A numerical method based on a finite-differences scheme allows us to compute a branch of solutions within the frequency range Ωmin<Ω<ωpe, where ωpe and Ωmin are the electron plasma frequency and the frequency value for which the plasma density vanishes locally, respectively. A detailed description of the spatiotemporal structure of the waves and their main properties as a function of Ω is presented. Small-amplitude oscillations appearing in the tail of the solitary waves, a consequence of the linear polarization and harmonic excitation, are explained with the aid of the Akhiezer-Polovin system. Direct numerical simulations of the Maxwell-fluid model show that these solitary waves propagate without change for a long time.
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An evaluation of dental prosthetic status and prosthetic needs among eunuchs (trans genders) residing in bhopal city, madhya pradesh, India: a cross-sectional study. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2014; 4:943-8. [PMID: 25506491 PMCID: PMC4250996 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.144921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eunuchs are considered as the most vulnerable, frustrated, and insecure community. The accessibility to medical and dental facilities for the eunuchs is nearly nonexistent. Due to these reasons, they might be at a high risk of developing severe dental problems like tooth loss. AIM The present cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the dental prosthetic status and prosthetic needs among eunuchs residing in Bhopal city, Madhya Pradesh, India. SUBJECTS AND METHODS On the basis of convenient nonprobability snowball sampling technique, all the self-identified eunuchs residing in the city of Bhopal along with a matched control consisting of cross section of the general population residing in the same locality was examined to evaluate the prosthetic status and prosthetic needs of the population. All the obtained data were entered into a personal computer on Microsoft excel sheet and analyzed using the software; Statistical Package for Social Science version 20. Data comparison was done by applying Chi-square test. RESULTS A total of 639 subjects comprised of 207 eunuchs, 218 males and 214 females. Among all participants, 2.8% (18/639) were having prosthesis. The overall prosthetic status among males was 3.2% (7/218) followed by 2.9% (6/207) eunuchs and 2.3% (5/214) females. However, need for multi-unit and combination of one and more unit prosthesis for upper and lower jaws was higher in males compared to females and eunuchs, but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The findings of this study clearly demonstrate a high unmet need for prosthetic care among the population surveyed.
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Modeling relativistic soliton interactions in overdense plasmas: a perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equation framework. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 90:063104. [PMID: 25615203 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.90.063104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the dynamics of localized solutions of the relativistic cold-fluid plasma model in the small but finite amplitude limit, for slightly overcritical plasma density. Adopting a multiple scale analysis, we derive a perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equation that describes the evolution of the envelope of circularly polarized electromagnetic field. Retaining terms up to fifth order in the small perturbation parameter, we derive a self-consistent framework for the description of the plasma response in the presence of localized electromagnetic field. The formalism is applied to standing electromagnetic soliton interactions and the results are validated by simulations of the full cold-fluid model. To lowest order, a cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with a focusing nonlinearity is recovered. Classical quasiparticle theory is used to obtain analytical estimates for the collision time and minimum distance of approach between solitons. For larger soliton amplitudes the inclusion of the fifth-order terms is essential for a qualitatively correct description of soliton interactions. The defocusing quintic nonlinearity leads to inelastic soliton collisions, while bound states of solitons do not persist under perturbations in the initial phase or amplitude.
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Commentary: treatment of hepatitis C-related cirrhosis in the era of direct-acting anti-virals - authors' reply. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 39:1428. [PMID: 24849150 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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Telaprevir or boceprevir triple therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C and varying severity of cirrhosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 39:1213-24. [PMID: 24654657 PMCID: PMC4385588 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risks and benefits of protease inhibitor (PI) (telaprevir or boceprevir) triple therapy in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients with mildly decompensated cirrhosis, including those wait-listed for liver transplantation (LT), are incompletely known. AIM To assess virological responses and safety of PI triple therapy in patients with mildly decompensated Child-Pugh (CP) CP ≥6 vs. compensated (CP = 5) cirrhosis. METHODS Multicentre cohort of 160 adults with cirrhosis treated with peginterferon/ribavirin (peg-IFN/RBV) plus telaprevir (69%) or boceprevir (31%), comparing outcomes between those with CP = 5 and CP ≥6. RESULTS Patients, 47% with CP ≥6 cirrhosis (CP range 6-10), received PI triple therapy for a targeted duration of 48 weeks. The cohort was median age 59 years, 32% female, 59% genotype 1a, 35% previous null/partial responders. Sustained virological response at 12 weeks (SVR12) was achieved by 35% of patients with CP ≥6 vs. 54% of those with CP = 5 (P = 0.02). CP = 5, achievement of rapid virological response and genotype 1b/other, independently predicted SVR12. Compared to those with CP = 5, patients with CP ≥6 had more peg-IFN dose reductions, eltrombopag use, transfusions and hospitalisations to manage adverse events (all P < 0.05). Overall, 67 (42%) discontinued treatment early. Nine wait-listed patients were treated for a median of 97 days (IQR 60-160) prior to liver transplantation and five achieved post-LT SVR. CONCLUSIONS In the presence of mild decompensation (Child-Pugh ≥6), SVR12 rates with protease inhibitor triple therapy are significantly reduced and adverse events increased. Thus, treatment with protease inhibitor triple therapy, if judged as necessary, should be undertaken with close monitoring and awareness of the significant risks.
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Should Cavitation in Proximal Surfaces Be Reported in Cone Beam Computed Tomography Examination? Caries Res 2014; 48:208-13. [DOI: 10.1159/000354838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Abstract
In India, patients without a compatible blood group donor are usually excluded from renal transplantation. For young patients, it is a difficult therapeutic choice to stay on long-term dialysis. We describe the case of a 19-year-old male patient who had blood group O +ve and had no compatible donor in the family. His mother was B +ve and was willing to donate. The patient had an initial anti-B antibody titer of 1:512 and underwent antibody depletion with plasmapheresis (11 sessions) and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) 100 mg/kg after every plasmapheresis. He also received rituximab 500 mg for 3 days prior to transplant and was induced with basiliximab. At the time of transplant, his anti-B titers were <1:8. Post-operatively, he required four sessions of plasmapheresis and IVIG as his titers rebounded to 1:64. The titers then spontaneously subsided to <1:16 and have stayed at the same level for 6 months post-transplant. The patient continues to have normal renal function with a creatinine of 1.4 mg/dl% and has had no episodes of rejection.
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Need for a national epilepsy control program. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2012; 15:89-93. [PMID: 22566719 PMCID: PMC3345606 DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.94989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This article briefly outlines the proposed national epilepsy control program. The content of the article is based on four meetings held by invitation of the Ministry of Health. Invitees by ministry – Drs. D. C. Jain, M. Gourie Devi, V. Saxena, S. Jain, P. Satish. Chandra, M. Gupta, K. Bala, V. Puri, K. S. Anand, S. Gulati, S. Johri, P. S. Chandra, M. Behari, K. Radhakrishnan, D. Bachani. Presentations were made by Dr. M. Tripathi.The program will involve all neurologists across the country in teaching and training at state levels and a central monitoring committee.
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Knowledge, attitude and practice of epilepsy in Uttarakhand, India. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2012; 14:116-9. [PMID: 21808474 PMCID: PMC3141474 DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.82799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study was conducted to find out knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of epilepsy among 12th-class students in Uttarakhand state. Secondly data of Uttarakhand was compared with KAP study from other parts of the country. Materials and Methods: All 12th-class students studying in six schools of randomly selected 36 villages in Chakrata block of Dehradun district of Uttarakhand state were provided a printed questionnaire having answer as “yes or no”. This questionnaire used was used previously by various authors and validated for KAP analysis. These filled questionnaires were collected by village health workers and medical officer. Results: This study conducted on 219, 12th-class students revealed that epilepsy was heard by 98%, 74.9% thought epilepsy a mental disease and 4.8% believed that it is contagious. Negative attitude showed as nearly 2/3rd students stated that epilepsy is hindrance in marriage and occupation. Nearly 41% would use onion or shoe for terminating seizure attack. Ayurvedic treatment was preferred over allopathic drugs. Conclusions: Study on 12th-class students of Uttarakhand revealed poor knowledge, attitude and practice for epilepsy and needs special education program to dispel these misconceptions.
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Perioperative outcome of initial 190 cases of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy - A single-center experience. Indian J Urol 2012; 28:159-63. [PMID: 22919130 PMCID: PMC3424891 DOI: 10.4103/0970-1591.98454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the perioperative outcome of the first 190 cases of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy performed at our center from July 2006 to December 2010. MATERIALS AND METHODS Operative and recovery data for men with localized prostate cancer undergoing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy at our center were reviewed. All surgeries were performed using the 4-arm da Vinci-S surgical robot. Preoperative data included age, body mass index (BMI), prostate specific antigen (PSA) level, prostate weight, biopsy Gleason score and TNM staging, while operative and recovery data included total operative time, estimated blood loss, complications, hospital stay and catheter time. These parameters were evaluated for the safety and efficacy of this procedure in our center. RESULTS The mean age of our patients was 65 ± 1.2 years. The mean BMI was 25.20 ± 2.88 and the median PSA was 14.8 ng/ml. Majority of our patients belonged to clinical stage T2 (51.58%). The mean total operative time was 166.44 ± 11.5 min. Six patients required conversion to open procedure and there was one rectal injury. The median estimated blood loss was 302 ± 14.45 ml and the median duration of hospital stay was 4 days. The overall margin positivity rate was 12.63%. CONCLUSION Despite our limited robotic surgery experience, our perioperative outcome and complication rate is comparable to most contemporary series. Robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) is easy to learn and provides the patient with the benefits of minimally invasive surgery with minimal perioperative morbidity.
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Comparison of azathioprine with mycophenolate mofetil in a living donor kidney transplant programme. Indian J Nephrol 2011; 21:258-63. [PMID: 22022086 PMCID: PMC3193669 DOI: 10.4103/0971-4065.85483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
There are conflicting data regarding the comparative efficacy of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) versus azathioprine (AZA) as maintenance immunosuppressive agent in kidney transplantation. The data are even less in combination with tacrolimus (TAC) in living donor kidney transplantation. A total of 205 living donor kidney transplants, on TAC-based triple drug immunosuppression were included in the study. A total of 113 patients received AZA and rest 92 were on MMF based protocol. TAC levels were monitored and graft biopsy was done whenever rejection was suspected. The outcomes were evaluated in terms acute rejection (AR) episodes at 1 year, infections, renal function, graft loss, and death between two groups. The study group comprised 163 males (79.5%) and 42 (20.5%) females. The mean age of patients was 42.4±11.8 years in the AZA group and 39.4 ±13.4 in the MMF group (P=0.09). The mean duration of follow-up was 491.7±240.7 and 478.8±334.4 days respectively in the AZA and MMF groups (P=0.75). Thirty-seven of 92 (40.2%) patients in the MMF group and 70/113 (61.9%) patients in the AZA group received IL-2 RAb induction (P=0.002). 32 patients (15.6 %) developed AR within a year. The incidence of AR was similar in patients who received MMF (12/92, 13%) and those who received AZA (20/113, 17.5%), (P=0.36). There was no difference in the incidence of AR in the subgroup of patients who received IL-2 RAb compared to those who did not receive induction in the two groups (5/37 vs. 7/55 in the MMF group and 10/70 vs. 10/43 in the AZA group, P=0.72). The incidence of infections was similar in the two groups (19/92, 20.6% vs. 25/113, 22.1%, P=0.79). Three patients developed CMV disease, of which two were in the MMF group. Graft loss occurred in 7/205 (3.4%) and death in 8/205 (3.9%) patients. Six of eight patients who died had functioning grafts. The rate of graft loss (3/92 vs. 4/113, P=0.97) and death (5/92 vs. 3/113, P=0.27) was similar in two groups. The overall patient survival was 94.5% and death censored graft survival was 97.4%. Cost comparison suggests AZA to be 6-10 times cheaper than MMF. This study suggests that, in tacrolimus-based immunosuppression, azathioprine may be as good as MMF as maintenance immunosuppressive drug in living donor kidney transplantation. It is also a more cost-effective immunosuppression.
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Clinical implications of oxidative stress & sperm DNA damage in normozoospermic infertile men. Indian J Med Res 2011; 134:396-8. [PMID: 21985826 PMCID: PMC3193724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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VID-07.06 Extraperitoneal Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy Revisited. Urology 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.07.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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SP3-16 Prevalence of risk-factors of non-communicable diseases in rural population of India. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976o.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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SP4-21 Clinical validation of aneroid sphygmomanometer. Br J Soc Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/jech.2011.142976p.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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11 Cardiovascular evaluation in renal transplant recipients: A preliminary study. INDIAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s2212-0017(11)60015-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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14 Evaluation of cardiac risk assessment in living kidney donor surgery. INDIAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s2212-0017(11)60018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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Characterisation of a refined rat model of respiratory infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the effect of ciprofloxacin. J Cyst Fibros 2011; 10:166-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Images of the terminal ileum are more convincing than cecal images for verifying the extent of colonoscopy. Endoscopy 2011; 43:196-201. [PMID: 21365513 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1256174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS Independent verification of colonoscopy completion is important for quality assurance. Cecal photographs aimed at showing key landmarks, including the ileocecal valve (ICV) and appendiceal orifice are the currently recommended standard, but are often perceived as unreliable. Images of the terminal ileum demonstrating villi may provide more robust evidence of completion. We sought to prospectively evaluate the ease of routine intubation of the terminal ileum and to compare the effectiveness of terminal ileum and cecal photographs in convincing independent reviewers that total colonoscopy had been accomplished. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective, observational study evaluated 216 consecutively completed colonoscopies performed in routine clinical practice. Cecal and terminal ileum photographs were evaluated and scored by independent reviewers. Frequency of terminal ileum intubation, time required, and safety parameters were recorded. RESULTS The terminal ileum was intubated and photographed in 188/216 (87%) of cases. Median time taken to intubate, or attempt to intubate the terminal ileum was 1 min 24 s, and was achieved without complications or requirement for additional sedation. Terminal ileum images were significantly more likely to be considered convincing than cecal images ( P<0.0001 for all reviewers). There was excellent interobserver agreement amongst the opinion of reviewers regarding terminal ileum photographs (kappa=0.91). CONCLUSION Terminal ileum intubation is achievable rapidly and safely in the majority of patients undergoing colonoscopy. Terminal ileum images provide more convincing evidence of complete examination of the colon than cecal images, even when attempts to capture images specifically of the ICV and appendiceal orifice are made.
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Neurocysticercosis and its impact on crude prevalence rate of epilepsy in an Indian community. Neurol India 2011; 59:37-40. [DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.76855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Reactive oxygen species levels in the semen of infertile men and it's correlation with other semen parameters. JOURNAL OF MEN'S HEALTH 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jomh.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Abstract No. 117: Accuracy of RFA probe insertion using camera-on-needle versus electromagnetic tracking. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2009.12.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Abstract No. 121: Development of radiopaque beads for transcatheter embolization. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2009.12.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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HIV risk and prevention behaviours, intentions, perceptions and knowledge among youth in Goa, India. Int J STD AIDS 2010; 21:392-9. [PMID: 20071444 DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2009.008479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In order to examine the association between HIV/AIDS knowledge and perceptions, and risk intentions and behaviours among adolescents in Goa, India, cross-sectional data from 942 youth were collected and assessed. The prevalence rates in the past six months for fighting, smoking, drinking and drug use were 16.5%, 3.8%, 17.8% and 1.1%, respectively; 5.2% acknowledged ever having engaged in sex. Prior risk involvement was significantly correlated with future risk intention (odds ratio [OR]: 9.7-19.7), and those involved in one risk behaviour were more likely to engage in other risk behaviours (OR: 1.3-23.5). The findings suggest the importance of targeted interventions for youth engaging or intending to engage in risk behaviours and universal interventions regarding basic facts and skills for all youth in Goa.
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010 Steroid free immunosuppression in children – a pilot study. INDIAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s2212-0017(11)60053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Terminal Ileal Photographs are More Convincing Than Caecal Photographs at Verifying the Extent of Colonoscopic Examination. Int J Surg 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2010.07.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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017 Successful Treatment of Recurrent FSGS post Kidney Transplant with Plasmapheresis and Rituximab – A report of 2 cases. INDIAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s2212-0017(11)60060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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023 Steroid Free Immunosuppression in Kidney Transplantation : a useful alternative. INDIAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s2212-0017(11)60066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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VID-03.04: Malignant Adrenal Pheochromocytoma with Atriocaval Thrombus. Urology 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.07.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Electrical characterization of self-assembled monolayers of alkyltrichlorosilanes on native oxide of silicon. JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 9:5273-5277. [PMID: 19928212 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2009.1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The octadecyltrichlorosilane (C18), dodecyltrichlorosilane (C12) and octyltrichlorosilane (C8) monolayers have been deposited on the native oxide of silicon by self-assembly technique. The morphology of the monolayers studied by atomic force microscopy revealed an average roughness of approximately 1.0 A. The Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopic measurements revealed the presence of peaks at approximately 2848 and 2915 cm(-1) indicating the formation of densely packed monolayers. The current density versus voltage (J-V) measurements using mercury drop as counter electrode showed tunneling current between 10(-5) to 10(-8) A/cm2 at 1 V indicating the excellent dielectric behaviour of these monolayers. The J-V data were fitted to Simmons theory of tunneling which yielded an effective electron energy barrier height of 1.6 +/- 0.2 eV and the effective mass of electron tunneling through the barrier was found to be 0.3 +/- 0.03 m(e). The tunneling decay factor beta was estimated from the current density values measured as a function of thickness of the monolayer and was found to be 0.28 +/- 0.02 A(-1).
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Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration using a rigid nephroscope (Br J Surg 2009; 96: 412-416). Br J Surg 2009; 96:957-8; author reply 958. [PMID: 19591142 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.6770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Steroid Free/Withdrawal Immunosuppression in Kidney Transplantation A small initial Experience from our centre. INDIAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s2212-0017(11)60103-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Comprehensive rural epilepsy surveillance programme in Uttarakhand state of India. Neurol India 2009; 57:355-6. [DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.53274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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