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Choudhary S, Kumawat G, Khandelwal M, Khangarot RK, Saharan V, Nigam S, Harish. Phyco-synthesis of silver nanoparticles by environmentally safe approach and their applications. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9568. [PMID: 38671168 PMCID: PMC11053078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60195-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles, mostly because of the evident limitations associated with chemical and physical methods. Green synthesis, commonly referred to as "biogenic synthesis," is seen as an alternative approach to produce AgNPs (silver nanoparticles). The current work focuses on the use of Asterarcys sp. (microalga) for biological reduction of AgNO3 to produce AgNPs. The optimal parameters for the reduction of AgNPs were determined as molarity of 3 mM for AgNO3 and an incubation duration of 24 h at pH 9, using a 20:80 ratio of algal extract to AgNO3. The biosynthesized Ast-AgNPs were characterised using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) with selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns. The nanoparticles exhibited their highest absorption in the UV-visible spectra at 425 nm. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigation indicated the presence of characteristic peaks at certain angles: 38.30° (1 1 1), 44.40° (2 0 0), 64.64° (2 2 0), and 77.59° (3 1 1) according to the JCPDS file No. 04-0783. Based on SEM and TEM, the Ast-AgNPs had an average size of 35 nm and 52 nm, respectively. The zeta potential was determined to be - 20.8 mV, indicating their stability. The highest antibacterial effectiveness is shown against Staphylococcus aureus, with a zone of inhibition of 25.66 ± 1.52 mm at 250 μL/mL conc. of Ast-AgNPs. Likewise, Ast-AgNPs significantly suppressed the growth of Fusarium sp. and Curvularia sp. by 78.22% and 85.05%, respectively, at 150 μL/mL conc. of Ast-AgNPs. In addition, the Ast-AgNPs exhibited significant photocatalytic activity in degrading methylene blue (MB), achieving an 88.59% degradation in 120 min, revealing multiple downstream applications of Ast-AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Choudhary
- Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Geetanjali Kumawat
- Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | - Manisha Khandelwal
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, India
| | | | - Vinod Saharan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Subhasha Nigam
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, 201313, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harish
- Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, India.
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Mohan N, Jhandai S, Bhadu S, Sharma L, Kaur T, Saharan V, Pal A. Acclimation response and management strategies to combat heat stress in wheat for sustainable agriculture: A state-of-the-art review. Plant Sci 2023; 336:111834. [PMID: 37597666 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Unpredicted variability in climate change on the planet is associated with frequent extreme high-temperature events impacting crop yield globally. Wheat is an economically and nutritionally important crop that fulfils global food requirements and each degree rise in temperature results in ∼6% of its yield reduction. Thus, understanding the impact of climate change, especially the terminal heat stress on global wheat production, becomes critically important for policymakers, crop breeders, researchers and scientists to ensure global food security. This review describes how wheat perceives heat stress and induces stress adaptation events by its morpho-physiological, phenological, molecular, and biochemical makeup. Temperature above a threshold level in crop vicinity leads to irreversible injuries, viz. destruction of cellular membranes and enzymes, generation of active oxygen species, redox imbalance, etc. To cope with these changes, wheat activates its heat tolerance mechanisms characterized by hoarding up soluble carbohydrates, signalling molecules, and heat tolerance gene expressions. Being vulnerable to heat stress, increasing wheat production without delay seeks strategies to mitigate the detrimental effects and provoke the methods for its sustainable development. Thus, to ensure the crop's resilience to stress and increasing food demand, this article circumscribes the integrated management approaches to enhance wheat's performance and adaptive capacity besides its alleviating risks of increasing temperature anticipated with climate change. Implementing these integrated strategies in the face of risks from rising temperatures will assist us in producing sustainable wheat with improved yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narender Mohan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125004, India.
| | - Sonia Jhandai
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125004, India
| | - Surina Bhadu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125004, India
| | - Lochan Sharma
- Department of Nematology, College of Agriculture, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125004, India
| | - Taranjeet Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125004, India
| | - Vinod Saharan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India
| | - Ajay Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125004, India
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Kumar M, Seth K, Choudhary S, Kumawat G, Nigam S, Joshi G, Saharan V, Meena M, Gupta AK, Harish. Toxicity evaluation of iron oxide nanoparticles to freshwater cyanobacteria Nostoc ellipsosporum. Environ Sci Pollut Res 2023; 30:55742-55755. [DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
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Saxena P, Gupta AK, Saharan V. Toxicity of boron nitride nanoparticles influencing bio-physicochemical responses in freshwater green algae. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:23646-23654. [PMID: 36327076 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23912-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Boron nanoparticles have emerged as promising nanomaterials with a wide array of applications in the biomedical, industrial, and environmental fields. However, the potential impact of these nanoparticles on aquatic organisms is not yet known. In the present study, the comparative impact of boron nitride nanoparticles and its bulk form is investigated on two freshwater algae. For this purpose, the effect on the physiological index, cellular morphology, and biochemistry profiles are examined. In Chlorella vulgaris, nano form of boron nitride is found to reduce the growth more (40%) than its bulk form (with ~ 25% growth reduction) at 50 mgl-1 treatment level. While in case of Coelastrella terrestris, 40% reduction under nano form and 33.33% reduction under bulk form is observed at 100 mgl-1 of boron nitride. Chlorophyll and carotenoid levels were also reduced under nanoparticles compared to the bulk. Proline, lactate dehydrogenase, and malondialdehyde assay were found significantly high under nanoparticle exposure. Additionally, increased catalase and superoxide dismutase enzyme activity under nanoparticle exposure revealed that the antioxidant system was activated in both the algae to eliminate the adverse influence of reactive oxygen species. The shading effect and aggregation of nanoparticles over the surface of algal cells are also important factors in attributing toxicity which are confirmed through the compound, TEM, and SEM micrographs. The study suggests that the nano form is more toxic than the bulk form and toxicity is concentration-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Saxena
- Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Amit Kumar Gupta
- Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vinod Saharan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, 313 001, Rajasthan, India
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Choudhary S, Sangela V, Saxena P, Saharan V, Pugazhendhi A, Harish. Recent progress in algae-mediated silver nanoparticle synthesis. Int Nano Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40089-022-00390-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Quadir SS, Saharan V, Choudhary D, Harish, Jain CP, Joshi G. Nano-strategies as Oral Drug Delivery Platforms for Treatment of Cancer: Challenges and Future Perspectives. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:152. [PMID: 35606661 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral drug administration is the oldest and widely used method for drug administration. The objectives behind developing an oral drug delivery for the treatment of cancer are to achieve low cost treatment by utilizing novel techniques to target cancer through gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and to enhance patient comfort and compliance through a hospital-free treatment leading to "Chemotherapy at Home." Unfortunately, due to the physiological environment of the GIT and physicochemical properties of drug candidate, the efficacy of oral drug delivery methods is limited in the treatment of cancer. Due to their low hydrophilicity, high P-gp efflux and restricted intestinal permeability most of the anti-cancer drugs fail to achieve oral bioavailability. The review focuses on the efforts, challenges, opportunities and studies conducted by scientists worldwide on the oral administration of anticancer medications via nanocarriers such as liposomes, SLNs and dendrimers, because of their potential to overcome the epithelial barrier associated with GALT, as well as the applications of different polymers in targeting the cancer. The oral delivery can set newer horizons in cancer therapy to make it more patient friendly.
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Sihag S, Pal A, Ravikant, Saharan V. Antioxidant properties and free radicals scavenging activities of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peels: An in-vitro study. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kumar A, Prajapati D, Devi KA, Pal A, Choudhary U, Dashora A, Choudhary J, Joshi A, Saharan V. Slow-release Zn application through Zn-chitosan nanoparticles in wheat to intensify source activity and sink strength. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 168:272-281. [PMID: 34666280 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Source activity and sink strength are important aspects to measure growth and yield in wheat. Despite zinc's extended functions in the amendment of plant metabolic activities, critical research findings are missing on mapping the elusive interplays of slow-release zinc (Zn) application from nanoparticles (NPs) in crop plants. The present study reports that slow-releasing Zn application through Zn-chitosan NPs bestows myriad effects on source activity and sink strength in wheat plants. Herein, effects of foliar application of Zn-chitosan NPs (0.04-0.16%; w/v) at booting stage of wheat crop were evaluated to quantify the source sink potential compared to ZnSO4. Zn-chitosan NPs endowed elevated source activity by up-regulating cellular redox homeostasis by improving the antioxidant status, cellular stability and higher photosynthesis. Cognately, in the field experiment, NPs (0.08-0.16%, w/v) significantly spurred sink strength by up-regulating starch biosynthesis enzymes viz. sucrose synthase (SUS), invertase (INV), ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), soluble starch synthase (SSS) and accumulated more starch in developing wheat grains. Concomitantly, higher spike lengths without awns, significantly higher number of grains/spike, test weight (24% more than ZnSO4 treatment), yield (21% more than ZnSO4 treatment), biological yield and harvest index quantified the higher sink size to further validate the better sink strength in slow-release Zn application via chitosan NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Damyanti Prajapati
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Khaidem Aruna Devi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Ajay Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125 004, India
| | - Urmila Choudhary
- All India Coordinated Research Project on Wheat and Barley, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Abhay Dashora
- All India Coordinated Research Project on Wheat and Barley, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Jagdish Choudhary
- All India Coordinated Research Project on Wheat and Barley, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Arunabh Joshi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Vinod Saharan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India.
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Abstract
Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn (Fabaceae), commonly known as Licorice/Liquorice, Mulahatti; is an undershrub. The dried, peeled or unpeeled underground stems and roots are used for the treatment of upper respiratory tract ailments, immunodeficiency, endocrine disorders, skin, liver, joint and heart diseases. Medicinal properties of this plant are enormous and offer it as one of the greatest candidates in the field of Nanomedicine. The Nanomedicine has dedicated to safeguard and upgrade human health using the nanotechnology. Bioactive constituents of this plant perform versatile pharmacological actions and can be used as good Bioanalytical tools. Therefore, an updated overview on current knowledge of green synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs), nanoformulations and surface modification using G. glabra is provided here in order to explore its therapeutic potential especially antifungal and antibacterial activities. In our lab, we have synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using leaves and rhizome parts of G. glabra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Rani
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Nisha Devi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Vinod Saharan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur 313004, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pushpa Kharb
- Department of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology & Bioinformatics, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar 125004, Haryana, India
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Kadam PM, Prajapati D, Kumaraswamy RV, Kumari S, Devi KA, Pal A, Sharma SK, Saharan V. Physio-biochemical responses of wheat plant towards salicylic acid-chitosan nanoparticles. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 162:699-705. [PMID: 33799181 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sustained source-activity is imperative for vigor plant growth and yield. In present study, physio-biochemical responses of wheat plant contributing to source-activity were measured after application of salicylic acid-chitosan nanoparticles (SA-CS NPs). SA-CS NPs slowly release SA for sustained availability to plant. In seedling bioassay, as compared with salicylic acid (SA), SA-CS NPs incurred up to ~1.5 folds increased activities of seed reserve food remobilizing enzymes for substantial mobilization of reserve food to growing seedlings and enhanced seedling vigor index (SVI) by 1.6 folds. At booting stage, foliar application of SA-CS NPs (0.01-0.08%; w/v) enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (1.94 folds), catalase (1.33 folds), peroxidase (1.99 folds) and polyphenol oxidase (1.04 folds) in flag leaf. SA-CS NPs further contrived cellular homeostasis by comforting reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contents in flag leaf. SA-CS NPs (0.08%; w/v) significantly increased chlorophylls (a-b) contents (1.46 folds), spike length without awns, spike lets per spike and grain weight per pot as compared with SA. Study categorically explicates that slow release of SA from SA-CS NPs could exert significant effect on source-activity by maneuvering various physio-biochemical responses of wheat plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Munjabhau Kadam
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Damyanti Prajapati
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - R V Kumaraswamy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Sarita Kumari
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Khaidem Aruna Devi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Ajay Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125 004, India
| | - Shanti Kumar Sharma
- Department of Agronomy, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Vinod Saharan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India.
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Saxena P, Saharan V, Baroliya PK, Gour VS, Rai MK, Harish. Mechanism of nanotoxicity in Chlorella vulgaris exposed to zinc and iron oxide. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:724-731. [PMID: 33868956 PMCID: PMC8042424 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth kinetics of C. vulgaris is influenced by NPs exposure. NPs exposure influence proline, carotenoid, activity of SOD, CAT and LDH. NPs exposure disintegrate cellular membrane. Zinc and iron oxide NPs are more toxic to C. vulgaris compared to bulk counterpart.
Usage of nanoparticle in various products has increased tremendously in the recent past. Toxicity of these nanoparticles can have a huge impact on aquatic ecosystem. Algae are the ideal organism of the aquatic ecosystem to understand the toxicity impact of nanoparticles. The present study focuses on the toxicity evaluation of zinc oxide (ZnO) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles towards freshwater microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris. The dose dependent growth retardation in Chlorella vulgaris is observed under ZnO and Fe2O3 nanoparticles and nanoform attributed more toxicity than their bulk counterparts. The IC50 values of ZnO and Fe2O3 nanoparticles was reported at 0.258 mg L−1 and 12.99 mg L-1 whereas, for the bulk-form, it was 1.255 mgL-1 and 17.88 mg L−1, respectively. The significant decline in chlorophyll content and increase in proline content, activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase, indicated the stressful physiological state of microalgae. An increased lactate dehydrogenase level in treated samples suggested membrane disintegration by ZnO and Fe2O3 nanoparticles. Compound microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy confirm cell entrapment, deposition of nanoparticles on the cell surface and disintegration of algal cell wall. Higher toxicity of nanoform in comparison to bulk chemistry is a point of concern.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- Algae
- Antioxidant
- Aquatic-ecosystem
- BG-11, blue green-11
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CAT, catalase
- CDH, central drug house
- DDW, double distilled water
- FTIR, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
- Fe2O3, ferric oxide
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- JCPDS, Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- MDA, malondialdehyde assay
- NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced form)
- NCBI, national center for biotechnology information
- NPs, nanoparticles
- Nanoparticles
- OD, optical density
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PDI, polydispersity index
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- SD, standard deviation
- SEM, scanning electron microscopy
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- Stress
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- UV, ultra violet
- XRD, X-ray diffraction
- ZnO, zinc oxide
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Saxena
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313 001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vinod Saharan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, 313 001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Prabhat Kumar Baroliya
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313 001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vinod Singh Gour
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Rai
- Department of Environmental Science, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak, Madhya Pradesh, 484887, India
| | - Harish
- Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313 001, Rajasthan, India
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Kumaraswamy RV, Saharan V, Kumari S, Chandra Choudhary R, Pal A, Sharma SS, Rakshit S, Raliya R, Biswas P. Chitosan-silicon nanofertilizer to enhance plant growth and yield in maize (Zea mays L.). Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 159:53-66. [PMID: 33338820 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel chitosan-silicon nanofertilizer (CS-Si NF) wherein chitosan-tripolyphosphate (TPP) nano-matrix has been used to encapsulate silicon (Si) for its slow release. It was synthesied by ionic gelation method and characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The developed CS-Si NF exhibited slow release of Si and promoted gowth and yield in maize crop. Seeds primed with different concentrations of CS-Si NF (0.04-0.12%, w/v) exhibited up to 3.7 fold increased seedling vigour index (SVI) as compared with SiO2. Its foliar spray significantly induced antioxidant-defence enzymes' activities and equilibrated cellular redox homeostasis by balancing O2-1 and H2O2 content in leaf as compared with SiO2. Application of nanofertilizer (0.01-0.16%, w/v) stirred total chlorophyll content (21.01-25.11 mg/g) and leaf area (159.34-166.96 cm2) to expedite photosynthesis as compared with SiO2. In field experiment, 0.08% CS-Si NF resulted in 43.4% higher yield/plot and 0.04% concentration gave 45% higher test weight as compared with SiO2. Fecund and myriad effects of developed nanofertilizer over SiO2 could be attributed to slow/protective release of Si from nanofertilizer. Overall, results decipher the enormous potential of CS-Si NF for its use as a next generation nanofertilizer for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- R V Kumaraswamy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Vinod Saharan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India.
| | - Sarita Kumari
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Ram Chandra Choudhary
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Ajay Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125 004, India
| | - Shyam Sundar Sharma
- Department of Plant Pathology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Sujay Rakshit
- ICAR- Indian Institute of Maize Research, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141 004, India
| | - Ramesh Raliya
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO ,63130, USA; Nano Biotechnology Research Center, Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative Limited, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382423, India
| | - Pratim Biswas
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO ,63130, USA
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Mandhania S, Pal A, Saharan V. Simultaneous Estimation of Twenty Eight Phenolic Compounds by a Novel and Expeditious Method Developed on Quaternary Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography System with a Photodiode Array Detector. Biomolecules 2019; 10:biom10010006. [PMID: 31861330 PMCID: PMC7023218 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant secondary metabolites including phenolics and flavonoidsare synthesized through phenylpropanoid and phenylpropanoid–acetate pathways and significantly contribute against adverse effect of abiotic and biotic stresses. Herein, we present the development and execution of a novel and expeditious ultra-performance liquid chromatographic-photodiode array (UPLC–PDA) method for qualitative and quantitative analysis of 28 phenolic compounds comprising of flavonoids, phenolic acids, aldehydes and alcohols. The method is able to separate phenolic compounds in just 17 min with the separation of isobaric species such as 3,4 dihydroxybenzoic acid and 3,5 dihydroxy benzoic acid; quercetin and taxifolin. Linear curves concentrations ranged from 6–18 µg/mL (3,5 dihydroxy benzoic acid), 4–12 µg/mL (catechin and salicylic acid) and 2–6 µg/mL for rest of the compounds and correlation coefficients were >0.994. The limit of detection (LOD) varied from 0.04–0.45 µg/mL. Cotton root samples were used to assess the method in terms of recovery efficiency (85–120%), precision (0.12–4.09%) and intermediate precision (0.32–4.0%).Phenolics and flavonoidsin root samples of healthy and diseased plants as well as leaf samples of healthy plants were successfully quantified using this novel method without an expensive Mass Spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwani Mandhania
- Cotton Biochemistry Laboratory, Cotton Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125 004, India
- Correspondence:
| | - Ajay Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 125 004, India
| | - Vinod Saharan
- Nano Research Facility Lab, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313 001, India
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Kumari S, Choudhary RC, Kumaraswamy RV, Bhagat D, Pal A, Raliya R, Biswas P, Saharan V. Zinc-functionalized thymol nanoemulsion for promoting soybean yield. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 145:64-74. [PMID: 31665668 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report zinc-functionalized thymol nanoemulsion (Zn-TNE) by sonication method and its characterization by DLS, HR-TEM, FEG-SEM-EDS, Cryo-FESEM, FTIR and AAS studies. Zn-TNE treated seeds bestowed better seedling vigor index and higher activities of seed stored food mobilizing enzymes (α-amylase and protease). Foliar application of Zn-TNE (0.01-0.06%, v/v) enhanced defense-antioxidant enzymes activities, balanced reactive oxygen species, induced higher content of chlorophyll-a, b and higher lignin deposition in soybean plants. In the field, Zn-TNE application (0.02-0.06%, v/v) significantly controlled bacterial pustule disease (PEDC value 28-79%) and increased grain yield up to 16.6% as compared with bulk thymol application and up to 50% from control. Disease control and higher yield in soybean could be explained by diverse bioactivities of Zn-TNE in maintaining cellular homeostasis of soybean plants. Study shows that Zn-TNE can further be maneuvered for slow delivery of other micronutrients for higher crop yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Kumari
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
| | - Ram Chandra Choudhary
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
| | - R V Kumaraswamy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
| | - Deepa Bhagat
- ICAR-National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources (NBAIR), Bangalore, 560 024, India
| | - Ajay Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Ramesh Raliya
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Pratim Biswas
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Vinod Saharan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India.
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Kumaraswamy R, Kumari S, Choudhary RC, Sharma S, Pal A, Raliya R, Biswas P, Saharan V. Salicylic acid functionalized chitosan nanoparticle: A sustainable biostimulant for plant. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 123:59-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Choudhary RC, Kumaraswamy RV, Kumari S, Sharma SS, Pal A, Raliya R, Biswas P, Saharan V. Zinc encapsulated chitosan nanoparticle to promote maize crop yield. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 127:126-135. [PMID: 30610949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Zinc deficient/or alkaline soil is globally widespread issue and cultivation of cereals in such soil results in severe depression in plant growth, higher disease incidence and lower grain yield. To address such problems, laboratory synthesized Zn-chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) were evaluated via seed priming and foliar application in maize plants. Zn-chitosan NPs (0.01-0.16%) showed strong in vitro antifungal and seedling growth promotry activities. Further, Zn-chitosan NPs exhibited significant disease control through strengthening of plant innate immunity by elevating antioxidant and defense enzymes, balancing of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and enhancing lignin accumulation. In field, seed treatment and foliar application of developed NPs (0.01-0.16%) significantly controlled Curvularia leaf spot (CLS) disease, increased grain yield from 20.5 to 39.8% and enriched the grain with zinc micronutrient from 41.27 to 62.21 μg/g dw. Results claim that Zn-chitosan NPs could be an effective growth promotry, disease controlling and micronutrient fortifying agent in maize crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Chandra Choudhary
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313 001, India
| | - R V Kumaraswamy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313 001, India
| | - Sarita Kumari
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313 001, India
| | - S S Sharma
- Department of Plant Pathology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313 001, India
| | - Ajay Pal
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana 1250 04, India
| | - Ramesh Raliya
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Pratim Biswas
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Vinod Saharan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan 313 001, India.
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Raliya R, Saharan V, Dimkpa C, Biswas P. Nanofertilizer for Precision and Sustainable Agriculture: Current State and Future Perspectives. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:6487-6503. [PMID: 28835103 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The increasing food demand as a result of the rising global population has prompted the large-scale use of fertilizers. As a result of resource constraints and low use efficiency of fertilizers, the cost to the farmer is increasing dramatically. Nanotechnology offers great potential to tailor fertilizer production with the desired chemical composition, improve the nutrient use efficiency that may reduce environmental impact, and boost the plant productivity. Furthermore, controlled release and targeted delivery of nanoscale active ingredients can realize the potential of sustainable and precision agriculture. A review of nanotechnology-based smart and precision agriculture is discussed in this paper. Scientific gaps to be overcome and fundamental questions to be answered for safe and effective development and deployment of nanotechnology are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Raliya
- Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
| | - Vinod Saharan
- Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology , Udaipur , Rajasthan 313001 , India
| | - Christian Dimkpa
- International Fertilizer Development Center , Muscle Shoals , Alabama 35662 , United States
| | - Pratim Biswas
- Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis , Missouri 63130 , United States
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Kumaraswamy R, Kumari S, Choudhary RC, Pal A, Raliya R, Biswas P, Saharan V. Engineered chitosan based nanomaterials: Bioactivities, mechanisms and perspectives in plant protection and growth. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 113:494-506. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kumari S, Kumaraswamy RV, Choudhary RC, Sharma SS, Pal A, Raliya R, Biswas P, Saharan V. Thymol nanoemulsion exhibits potential antibacterial activity against bacterial pustule disease and growth promotory effect on soybean. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6650. [PMID: 29703904 PMCID: PMC5923198 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-24871-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An antibacterial and plant growth promoting nanoemulsion was formulated using thymol, an essential oil component of plant and Quillaja saponin, a glycoside surfactant of Quillaja tree. The emulsion was prepared by a sonication method. Fifty minutes of sonication delivered a long term stable thymol nanoemulsion which was characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cryogenic-field emission scanning electron microscopy (Cryo-FESEM) and fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy. Creaming index, pH and dilution stability were also studied for deliberation of its practical applications. The nanoemulsion (0.01-0.06%, v/v) showed substantial in vitro growth inhibition of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycine of soybean (6.7-0.0 log CFU/ml). In pot experiments, seed treatment and foliar application of the nanoemulsion (0.03-0.06%, v/v) significantly lowered the disease severity (DS) (33.3-3.3%) and increased percent efficacy of disease control (PEDC) (54.9-95.4%) of bacterial pustule in soybean caused by X. axonopodis pv. glycine. Subsequently, significant enhancements of plant growth were also recorded in plants treated with thymol nanoemulsion. This is the first report of a thymol based nanoemulsion obtained using Quillaja saponin as a surfactant. Our study claims that nano scale thymol could be a potential antimicrobial and plant growth promoting agent for agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita Kumari
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
| | - R V Kumaraswamy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
| | - Ram Chandra Choudhary
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
| | - S S Sharma
- Department of Plant Pathology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Ajay Pal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Ramesh Raliya
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Pratim Biswas
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Vinod Saharan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India.
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Choudhary RC, Kumaraswamy RV, Kumari S, Sharma SS, Pal A, Raliya R, Biswas P, Saharan V. Cu-chitosan nanoparticle boost defense responses and plant growth in maize (Zea mays L.). Sci Rep 2017; 7:9754. [PMID: 28851884 PMCID: PMC5575333 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08571-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In agriculture, search for biopolymer derived materials are in high demand to replace the synthetic agrochemicals. In the present investigation, the efficacy of Cu-chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) to boost defense responses against Curvularia leaf spot (CLS) disease of maize and plant growth promotry activity were evaluated. Cu-chitosan NPs treated plants showed significant defense response through higher activities of antioxidant (superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) and defense enzymes (polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase). Significant control of CLS disease of maize was recorded at 0.04 to 0.16% of Cu-chitosan NPs treatments in pot and 0.12 to 0.16% of NPs treatments in field condition. Further, NPs treatments exhibited growth promotry effect in terms of plant height, stem diameter, root length, root number and chlorophyll content in pot experiments. In field experiment, plant height, ear length, ear weight/plot, grain yield/plot and 100 grain weight were enhanced in NPs treatments. Disease control and enhancement of plant growth was further enlightened through Cu release profile of Cu-chitosan NPs. This is an important development in agriculture nanomaterial research where biodegradable Cu-chitosan NPs are better compatible with biological control as NPs "mimic" the natural elicitation of the plant defense and antioxidant system for disease protection and sustainable growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Chandra Choudhary
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - R V Kumaraswamy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Sarita Kumari
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - S S Sharma
- Department of Plant Pathology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India
| | - Ajay Pal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125 004, India
| | - Ramesh Raliya
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Pratim Biswas
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA
| | - Vinod Saharan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313 001, India.
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Choudhary MK, Joshi A, Sharma S, Saharan V. Effect of Laboratory Synthesized Cu-Chitosan Nanocomposites on Control of PFSR Disease of Maize caused by Fusarium verticillioids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2017.608.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Pal A, Kumar KH, Bhushan B, Saharan V. Ashwagandha Root Extract Inhibits Acetylcholine Esterase, Protein Modification and Ameliorates H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Lymphocytes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5530/pj.2017.3.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Saharan V, Kumaraswamy RV, Choudhary RC, Kumari S, Pal A, Raliya R, Biswas P. Cu-Chitosan Nanoparticle Mediated Sustainable Approach To Enhance Seedling Growth in Maize by Mobilizing Reserved Food. J Agric Food Chem 2016; 64:6148-55. [PMID: 27460439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Food crop seedlings often have susceptibility to various abiotic and biotic stresses. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the impact of Cu-chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) on physiological and biochemical changes during maize seedling growth. Higher values of percent germination, shoot and root length, root number, seedling length, fresh and dry weight, and seed vigor index were obtained at 0.04-0.12% concentrations of Cu-chitosan NPs as compared to water, CuSO4, and bulk chitosan treatments. Cu-chitosan NPs at the same concentrations induced the activities of α-amylase and protease enzymes and also increased the total protein content in germinating seeds. The increased activities of α-amylase and protease enzymes corroborated with decreased content of starch and protein, respectively, in the germinating seeds. Cu-chitosan NPs at 0.16% and CuSO4 at 0.01% concentrations showed inhibitory effect on seedling growth. The observed results on seedling growth could be explained by the toxicity of excess Cu and growth promotory effect of Cu-chitosan NPs. Physiological and biochemical studies suggest that Cu-chitosan NPs enhance the seedling growth of maize by mobilizing the reserved food, primarily starch, through the higher activity of α-amylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Saharan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology , Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India
| | - R V Kumaraswamy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology , Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India
| | - Ram Chandra Choudhary
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology , Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India
| | - Sarita Kumari
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology , Udaipur, Rajasthan 313001, India
| | - Ajay Pal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University , Hisar, Haryana 125004, India
| | - Ramesh Raliya
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Pratim Biswas
- Department of Energy, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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Pal A, Bhushan B, Narwal RK, Saharan V. Extraction and Evaluation of Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Potential Correlated with Biochemical Components of Red Rose Petals. Iran J Sci Technol Trans Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40995-016-0071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Raliya R, Tarafdar JC, Singh SK, Gautam R, Choudhary K, Maurino VG, Saharan V. MgO Nanoparticles Biosynthesis and Its Effect on Chlorophyll Contents in the Leaves of Clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1166/asem.2014.1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Saharan V, Mehrotra A, Khatik R, Rawal P, Sharma S, Pal A. Synthesis of chitosan based nanoparticles and their in vitro evaluation against phytopathogenic fungi. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 62:677-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2013.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Leibman D, Wolf D, Saharan V, Zelcer A, Arazi T, Yoel S, Gaba V, Gal-On A. A high level of transgenic viral small RNA is associated with broad potyvirus resistance in cucurbits. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2011; 24:1220-1238. [PMID: 21899438 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-11-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Gene-silencing has been used to develop resistance against many plant viruses but little is known about the transgenic small-interfering RNA (t-siRNA) that confers this resistance. Transgenic cucumber and melon lines harboring a hairpin construct of the Zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus (ZYMV) HC-Pro gene accumulated different levels of t-siRNA (6 to 44% of total siRNA) and exhibited resistance to systemic ZYMV infection. Resistance to Watermelon mosaic potyvirus and Papaya ring spot potyvirus-W was also observed in a cucumber line that accumulated high levels of t-siRNA (44% of total siRNA) and displayed significantly increased levels of RNA-dependent RNA (RDR)1 and Argonaute 1, as compared with the other transgenic and nontransformed plants. The majority of the t-siRNA sequences were 21 to 22 nucleotides in length and sense strand biased. The t-siRNA were not uniformly distributed throughout the transgene but concentrated in "hot spots" in a pattern resembling that of the viral siRNA peaks observed in ZYMV-infected cucumber and melon. Mutations in ZYMV at the loci associated with the siRNA peaks did not break this resistance, indicating that hot spot t-siRNA may not be essential for resistance. This study shows that resistance based on gene-silencing can be effective against related viruses and is probably correlated with t-siRNA accumulation and increased expression of RDR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Leibman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Sciences, ARO The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
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Chapagain BP, Saharan V, Wiesman Z. Larvicidal activity of saponins from Balanites aegyptiaca callus against Aedes aegypti mosquito. Bioresour Technol 2008; 99:1165-8. [PMID: 17433667 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2006] [Accepted: 02/16/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Seeking an alternative approach for producing a larvicidal product from Balanites aegyptiaca plants, callus was produced from in vitro cultures of root explants and its larvicidal activity against Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae was evaluated. Concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 500, 1000, and 1500 ppm of saponins from the root-derived callus of B. aegyptiaca were used to determine larvicidal effects and consequent effect on adult emergence. A dose-dependent effect was observed. In a chronic mortality assessment (after 7 days of exposure), concentrations of 500 ppm or greater killed 100% of the test larvae population. Fifty parts per million showed no difference in larval mortality compared to the control (0 ppm); however, this concentration allowed one-fourth of the adult emergence of the control treatment. These results suggest that saponins from in vitro cultures of the root explant of B. aegyptiaca can be used as a larvicidal agent against A. aegypti larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu P Chapagain
- The Phyto-Lipid Biotechnology Laboratory, The Institutes for Applied Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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Chapagain BP, Saharan V, Pelah D, Yadav RC, Wiesman Z. Bioproduction of Diosgenin in Callus Cultures of Balanites aegyptiaca: Effect of Growth Regulators, Explants and Somatic Embryogenesis. Nat Prod Commun 2006. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0600100308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the effects of plant growth regulators, explants, and somatic embryogenesis on in vitro production of the steroidal sapogenin, diosgenin, in callus cultures of the Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del.(desert date). Root, shoot, hypocotyl, and epicotyl callus culture of B. aegyptiaca, were raised on MS basal media supplemented with various combinations of either 2,4-D and NAA alone, or with BAP. The diosgenin content (on a dry weight basis) was found to be highest when calli were cultured in MS basal medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l−1 2,4-D alone and/or in combination with 0.5 mg l−1 BAP. However, the callus growth was highest in media supplemented with 2.5 or 3.0 mg l−1 2,4-D. MS basal media supplemented with 2,4-D 2.5 mg l−1 alone and in combination with 0.5 mg l−1 BAP induced pre-embryogenic callus formation on root cultures. When these pre-embryogenic callus cultures were used to establish cell suspension cultures, two growth densities were obtained in embryogenic suspension cultures, inducing clusters of somatic embryos at various stages of development. The maximum number of somatic embryos were obtained at the fifth week on the medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l−1 2,4-D. However, the diosgenin content in these somatic cells was found to be lower compared to the explant calluses. This study revealed that production of diosgenin in callus cultures of B. aegyptiaca is possible, but the amount is significantly affected by the growth regulators, type of explants, and somatic embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishnu P. Chapagain
- The Phyto-Lipid Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Engineering, The Institutes for Applied Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Vinod Saharan
- The Phyto-Lipid Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Engineering, The Institutes for Applied Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana) 125001, India
| | - Dan Pelah
- The Phyto-Lipid Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Engineering, The Institutes for Applied Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Ram C. Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (Haryana) 125001, India
| | - Zeev Wiesman
- The Phyto-Lipid Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology Engineering, The Institutes for Applied Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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