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Burgstahler C, Plank C, Niess AM, Schobersberger W, Niebauer J, Scharhag J. Effects of the corona pandemic on competitive sports – an online survey amongst 2981 German and Austrian elite athletes. Dtsch Z Sportmed 2023. [DOI: 10.5960/dzsm.2022.552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: The impact of the corona pandemic on competitive sports has not yet been studied in a larger group of athletes. Methods: Using an online questionnaire, junior and adult elite athletes from Germany and Austria were asked about their infection status, potential symptoms of COVID-19, and the impact of the pandemic on their athletic activity. Results: Between April 21, 2020 and February 16, 2021, a total of 2981 questionnaires were recorded (50.3% female, 25.7% professional athletes, 37.9% national team members). 78 athletes (2.6%) reported a positive PCR test result for SARS-CoV-2. In addition, 67 (2.3%) athletes reported that they had experienced the disease but were self-diagnosed. In 19 athletes (0.6%), infection was suspected by a physician but without testing. 841 (28.2%) athletes stated that they were in quarantine at least once. At least one symptom that might be associated with COVID-19 was observed in 38.7% of all athletes. Cardiac symptoms were reported significantly more often in PCR-positive athletes than in the group of athletes without confirmed infection or no infection. 15 athletes (0.5%) were admitted to hospital due to COVID-19, 8 of them were hospitalized for more than 1 week. Conclusion: The corona pandemic has a massive impact on competitive sports. In addition to indirect consequences due to quarantine measures or cancellation of competitions, infections with SARS-CoV-2 occurred in a significant proportion of athletes. Severe courses with hospitalization were also recorded among competitive athletes.
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Blank C, Leichtfried V, Fürhapter C, Müller D, Schobersberger W. Doping in Sports: West-Austrian Sport Teachers’ and Coaches’ Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior. Dtsch Z Sportmed 2014. [DOI: 10.5960/dzsm.2014.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Karall D, Mair G, Albrecht U, Niedermayr K, Karall T, Schobersberger W, Scholl-Bürgi S. Sports in LCHAD Deficiency: Maximal Incremental and Endurance Exercise Tests in a 13-Year-Old Patient with Long-Chain 3-Hydroxy Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency (LCHADD) and Heptanoate Treatment. JIMD Rep 2014; 17:7-12. [PMID: 24997711 DOI: 10.1007/8904_2014_313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise and subsequent catabolism is a potential trigger for creatine kinase (CK) concentration increase (rhabdomyolysis) in patients with LCHADD, therefore we evaluated the clinical and biochemical stability under physical exertion conditions at the age of 13 years in a currently 14-year-old LCHADD patient treated with heptanoate.LCHADD was diagnosed during first decompensation at age 20 months. In the following 2 years, the patient had several episodes of rhabdomyolysis. Heptanoate 0.5-1 g/kg/day was started at 4 years, with no further CK elevations since. He is clinically stable, has retinopathy without vision impairment or polyneuropathy. Maximal incremental and endurance exercise tests were performed to evaluate both clinical and metabolic stability during and after exertion.Physical fitness was adequate for age (maximum blood lactate 7.0 mmol/L, appropriate lactate performance curve, maximum heart rate of 196 bpm, maximum power 139 Watt = 2.68 Watt/kg body weight). There were no signs of clinical (muscle pain, dark urine) or metabolic derangement (stable CK, acyl carnitine profiles, blood gas analyses) - neither after maximal incremental nor endurance exertion.This case illustrates that both under maximal incremental and endurance exertion, clinical and biochemical parameters remained stable in this currently 14-year-old LCHADD patient receiving heptanoate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Karall
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Medical University Innsbruck, Clinic for Pediatrics I, Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Innsbruck, Austria,
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Blank C, Leichtfried V, Schaiter R, Fürhapter C, Müller D, Schobersberger W. Doping in sports: knowledge and attitudes among parents of Austrian junior athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 25:116-24. [PMID: 24372621 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Strategies for doping prevention are based on prior identification of opportunities for intervention. There is no current research focusing on the potential role in doping prevention, which might be played by the parents of junior elite athletes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes toward doping among parents of Austrian junior athletes and to analyze factors potentially influencing these beliefs. In this study, two questionnaires were distributed to 1818 student athletes, each with instructions that these surveys were to be completed by their parents (n(total) = 3636). Parents filled in questionnaires at home without observation. Responses from 883 parents were included in this analysis. Compared to female parents, male parents demonstrated significantly better knowledge about doping and its side effects and were more likely to be influenced by their own sporting careers and amounts of sports activities per week. Parental sex did not demonstrate a significant influence on responses reflecting attitudes toward doping. Additional research is needed to compare these results with young athletes' knowledge and attitudes to determine if and to what degree parental attitudes and beliefs influence the behavior and attitudes of their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Blank
- Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine & Health Tourism, UMIT, Hall, Innsbruck, Austria
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Kuhn D, Leichtfried V, Schobersberger W, Röhl K. FES-Cycling bei Menschen mit Querschnittlähmung – Auswirkung auf subjektives Empfinden und Aktivitäten des täglichen Lebens. physioscience 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1355939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Kuhn
- Berufsgenossenschaftliche Kliniken Halle/Saale, Klinik für Physikalische und Rehabilitative Medizin
| | - V. Leichtfried
- Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Medizinische Informatik und Technologie UMIT, A-Hall in Tirol, Institut für Sport-, Alpinmedizin und Gesundheitstourismus
| | - W. Schobersberger
- Privatuniversität für Gesundheitswissenschaften, Medizinische Informatik und Technologie UMIT, A-Hall in Tirol, Institut für Sport-, Alpinmedizin und Gesundheitstourismus
| | - K. Röhl
- Berufsgenossenschaftliche Kliniken Halle/Saale, Zentrum für Rückenmarkverletzte und Klinik für Orthopädie
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Daubert C, Rude J, Schobersberger W, Hoffmann G. Effektivität der Manuellen Lymphdrainage in der Erhaltungsphase einseitiger, sekundärer Armlymphödeme - Eine Pilotstudie. Akt Dermatol 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1256091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Daubert C, Rude J, Schobersberger W, Hoffmann G. Effektivität der Elastische-Tape-Technik in der Erhaltungsphase einseitiger, sekundärer Armlymphödeme. physioscience 2011. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1246081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Schobersberger W, Toff WD, Eklöf B, Fraedrich G, Gunga HC, Haas S, Landgraf H, Lapostolle F, Partsch H, Perschler F, Schnapka J, Schobersberger B, Scurr JH, Watzke H. Traveller's thrombosis: international consensus statement. VASA 2009; 37:311-7. [PMID: 19003740 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526.37.4.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In 2001, consensus meetings on traveller's thrombosis were held in Vienna and Berlin. The results of these conferences were subsequently published in VASA 2002. In 2006 a follow-up conference was organized in Hall, Tirol, Austria, in order to review new and emerging data and to update the conclusions and recommendations of the 2001 meetings. Prior to the conference key papers from peer-reviewed journals were pre-circulated to all participants. The consensus group discussed the data and drafted an updated statement. Thereafter, the writing group summarised the results including the pre-circulated material and additional papers identified by a formal literature search up to December 2007. In this article current knowledge on the incidence, pathophysiology and prevention of traveller's thrombosis is summarised. The assessment of individual risk is described and recommendations for prevention of traveller's thrombosis are given, based upon the conclusions of the Hall Conference.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Schobersberger
- Institute for Leisure, travel and Alpine Medicine, Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology (UMIT), Eduard Wallnofer- Zentrum 1 A-6060 Hall, Autria.
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Gunga HC, Kirsch KA, Roecker L, Kohlberg E, Tiedemann J, Steinach M, Schobersberger W. Erythropoietin regulations in humans under different environmental and experimental conditions. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2007; 158:287-97. [PMID: 17467346 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2007.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2007] [Revised: 03/02/2007] [Accepted: 03/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the adult human, the kidney is the main organ for the production and release of erythropoietin (EPO). EPO is stimulating erythropoiesis by increasing the proliferation, differentiation and maturation of the erythroid precursors. In the last decades, enormous efforts were made in the purification, molecular encoding and description of the EPO gene. This led to an incredible increase in the understanding of the EPO-feedback-regulation loop at a molecular level, especially the oxygen-dependent EPO gene expression, a key function in the regulation loop. However, studies in humans at a systemic level are still very scanty. Therefore, it is the purpose of the present review to report on the main recent investigations on EPO production and release in humans under different environmental and experimental conditions, including: (i) studies on EPO circadian, monthly and even annual variations, (ii) studies in connection with short-, medium- and long-term exercise at sea-level which will be followed (iii) by studies performed at moderate and high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-C Gunga
- Institut für Physiologie, Zentrum für Weltraummedizin Berlin, Charite Campus Benjamin Franklin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Koller A, Sumann G, Schobersberger W, Hoertnagl H, Haid C. Decrease in eccentric hamstring strength in runners in the Tirol Speed Marathon. Br J Sports Med 2006; 40:850-2; discussion 852. [PMID: 16825267 PMCID: PMC2465081 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2006.028175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The local muscular endurance of knee flexors, during eccentric work in particular, is important in preventing or delaying kinematic changes associated with fatigue during treadmill running. This result, however, may not be transferable to overground running. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that overground running is associated with eccentric hamstring fatigue. METHODS Thirteen runners (12 male and one female) performed an isokinetic muscle test three to four days before and 18 hours after a marathon. Both legs were tested. The testing protocol consisted of concentric and eccentric quadriceps and hamstring contractions. RESULTS There were no significant differences between peak torque before and after the race, except that eccentric peak hamstring torque (both thighs) was reduced. CONCLUSION Overground running (running a marathon) is associated with eccentric hamstring fatigue. Eccentric hamstring fatigue may be a potential risk factor for knee and soft tissue injuries during running. Eccentric hamstring training should therefore be introduced as an integral part of the training programme of runners.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Koller
- Department of Sports Medicine, University of Innsbruck Medical School, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Greie S, Humpeler E, Gunga HC, Koralewski E, Klingler A, Mittermayr M, Fries D, Lechleitner M, Hoertnagl H, Hoffmann G, Strauss-Blasche G, Schobersberger W. Improvement of metabolic syndrome markers through altitude specific hiking vacations. J Endocrinol Invest 2006; 29:497-504. [PMID: 16840826 DOI: 10.1007/bf03344138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
To study the influence of a 3-week hiking vacation at moderate (1700 m) and low altitude (LA) (200 m) on key-markers of the metabolic syndrome, 71 male volunteers (age 36-66 yr old) with the metabolic syndrome [according to the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) - or World Health Organization (WHO) - definition] participated in the study and were randomly assigned into a moderate altitude (MA) group (1700 m, no. 36) and a low altitude (LA) group (200 m, no. 35). The 3-week vacation program included 12 moderate- intensity guided hiking tours [4 times/week, 55-65% heart rate maximum (HRmax)] with a total exercise time of 29 h plus moderate recreational activities. Both study groups had a comparable and balanced nutrition with no specific dietary restrictions. Anthropometric, metabolic and cardiovascular parameters were measured 10-14 days before vacation, several times during the 3-week vacation, 7-10 days and 6-8 weeks after return. All participants tolerated the vacation without any adverse effects. Body weight, body fat, waist-circumference, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), plasma fibrinogen, resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly decreased over time in both study groups. In the LA group, fasting insulin and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA)-index were significantly decreased one week after return. Relative cycle ergometry performance was significantly increased after return compared to baseline. In both study groups, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides remained unchanged. The 3-week vacation intervention at moderate and LA had a positive influence on all key-markers of the metabolic syndrome. No clinically relevant differences could be detected between the study groups. A hiking vacation at moderate and LA can be recommended for people with stable, controlled metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Greie
- University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology Tyrol, Institute for Leisure, Travel and Alpine Medicine, A-6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria
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12
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Koller A, Sumann G, Schobersberger W, Hoertnagl H, Haid C. Decrease in eccentric hamstring strength among runners in the tirol speed marathon. J Biomech 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(06)83613-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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13
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Hackl JM, Balogh D, Mayr A, Schobersberger W, Galvan O, Schimetta W, Pölz W. Kann mit dem Quotienten aus Serumharnstoff und Serumkreatinin der Eiweißabbau bei Intensivpatienten beurteilt werden? Akt Ernähr Med 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-814980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Summer G, Lirk P, Hoerauf K, Riccabona U, Bodrogi F, Raifer H, Deibl M, Rieder J, Schobersberger W. Sevoflurane in Exhaled Air of Operating Room Personnel. Anesth Analg 2003; 97:1070-1073. [PMID: 14500159 DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000081796.67539.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Evidence on potential health hazards arising from exposure to volatile anesthetics remains controversial. Exposure may, in principle, be supervised by monitoring of ambient air or, alternatively, in vivo. We used the Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometry to screen the breath of 40 operating room staff members before operating room duty, 0, 1, 2, and 3 h after duty, and before commencing duty on the consecutive day, and control persons. Staff members exhibited significantly increased sevoflurane levels in exhaled air after duty, with a mean of 0.80 parts per billion as compared with baseline values of 0.26 parts per billion (P < 0.05). Analysis of variance with adjustment for within correlation (repeated measurements) showed a statistically significant time-effect (P < 0.001). We conclude that (a) Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometry biomonitoring of exhaled sevoflurane can serve as a simple and rapid method to determine volatile anesthetic excretion after occupational exposure, and (b) significant concentrations of sevoflurane may be continuously present in persons exposed to sevoflurane on a daily basis. IMPLICATIONS The present study depicts the profile of volatile anesthetics, isoflurane and sevoflurane, in exhaled air of ambulatory patients. Biomonitoring of expired anesthetic concentrations is a noninvasive and rapid method to determine volatile anesthetic excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Summer
- *Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine and †Department of Medical Biostatistics, University of Innsbruck; and ‡Department of Anesthesiology and General Intensive Care, University of Vienna, Austria
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Wiedermann FJ, Lederer W, Mayr AJ, Sepp N, Herold M, Schobersberger W. Prospective observational study of antiphospholipid antibodies in acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome: comparison with catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus 2003; 12:462-7. [PMID: 12873048 DOI: 10.1191/0961203303lu413oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Detection of antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) suggests involvement of autoimmune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of ARDS. We investigated whether aPL antibodies could be detected in the serum as well as BALF of patients with acute lung injury (ALI) and ARDS. IgG anticardiolipin, IgG anti-beta2-glycoprotein I, IgG antiphosphatidic acid and IgG antiphosphatidylserine antibodies were detected by ELISA in low titers within the normal range in the BALF and serum of nine patients with ALI and 17 patients with ARDS. However, one out of 27 patients investigated had high levels of aPL antibodies in both BALF and serum. This patient suffered from severe ARDS due to sepsis. The high aPL antibody levels in serum possibly triggered by sepsis were associated with high aPL antibody levels in BALF, which can be explained by high capillary-alveolar permeability. Computed tomography scan revealed widespread infarctions in brain, spleen and kidneys, and pulmonary thromboembolism, suggesting the diagnosis of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Wiedermann
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Mittermayr M, Lercher A, Kountchev A, Schobersberger W, Sepp N. Only excessive III concentrations release prostacyclin in human dermal microvascular cells. J Thromb Haemost 2003; 1:197-9. [PMID: 12871564 DOI: 10.1046/j.1538-7836.2003.00015.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Travel-related disorders are a well known problem. In the last years many cases of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary thromboembolism (VTE) were published after several hours lasting journeys by airplane, but also by car, bus and railway. This condition was termed "travel-thrombosis" or "economy class syndrome" for long haul flights. At present the precise incidence for travel-thrombosis is not known. Accepted contributing factors for the development of travel-thrombosis are sitting in a cramped position for several hours, low humidity due to climatisation with the risk for dehydration and increased blood viscosity, reduced fluid intake as well as travellers related risk factors. Whether the special situation in the cabin of an airplane, e.g. mild hypoxia, is an essential contributing factor for DVT and VTE, is controversially discussed. This review will present very recent guidelines of an expert meeting concerning the risk groups for travel-thrombosis (low, moderate and high risk). In addition recommendations for prophylaxis of travel-thrombosis adapted to the different risk groups (leg exercise, adequate fluid intake, compression stockings, low molecular weight heparins) are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Schobersberger
- Klinische Abteilung für Allgemeine und Chirurgische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinik für Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck.
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Gruber G, Lirk P, Amann A, Keller C, Schobersberger W, Hoffmann G, Fuchs D, Rieder J. Neopterin as a marker of immunostimulation: an investigation in anaesthetic workplaces. Anaesthesia 2002; 57:747-50. [PMID: 12133085 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2044.2002.02694.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Personnel working in operating theatres and recovery rooms are exposed to a variety of noxious substances. The results of studies of the effects of occupational exposure on immune parameters are conflicting. Neopterin is an acknowledged marker of immunostimulation. Urinary neopterin levels of 58 anaesthetists and anaesthetic nurses were measured over a 3-week period. Neopterin analyses were performed using high performance liquid chromatography. Neopterin levels were within the normal range for all subjects. Younger subjects (aged < or = 35 years) had significantly higher urinary neopterin concentrations than older subjects (aged > 35 years). The present study is the first to investigate the influence of anaesthetic exposure on neopterin levels. No evidence of immunostimulation was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gruber
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital, Innsbruck, Austria
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Mittermair RP, Schobersberger W, Hasibeder W, Allerberger F, Peer R, Bonatti H. Necrotizing fasciitis with Clostridium perfringens after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc 2002; 16:716. [PMID: 11972228 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-001-4232-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2001] [Accepted: 09/06/2001] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing fasciitis is a rapidly progressive infection of the fascia and subcutaneous tissues accompanied by a high mortality rate approaching 80% to 100%. Factors that predispose patients to this life-threatening complication include obesity, malnutrition, malignancy, chronic alcoholism, drug abuse, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and immunosuppressive therapy. The pathomechanisms for the development of this rare disease still remain unclear. We report a case of necrotizing fasciitis with Clostridium perfringens after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The patient left the hospital 5 months after admission. Early recognition based on clinical signs (pain, asymmetric abdominal thickening, crepitus) and computed tomography scanning (gas dissection along fascial planes), in conjunction with prompt, aggressive surgical therapy and debridement of all devitalized tissue, high-dose antibiotic therapy, and therapy at the intensive care unit, appears to afford patients the best chance of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Mittermair
- Department of General Surgery, University Hospital Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Anichtrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Partsch H, Niessner H, Bergau L, Blättler W, Cerny J, Gerlach H, Haas P, Haas S, Hirschl M, Korninger H, Kyrle P, Landgraf H, Mahler F, Minar E, Pabinger I, Prinz A, Rabe E, Radner A, Ramelet AA, Schobersberger W, Schuller-Petrovic S, Stöberl C, Zinnagl N. Traveller's thrombosis 2001. VASA 2002; 31:66-7. [PMID: 11951702 DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526.31.1.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Totzke G, Schobersberger W, Schloesser M, Czechowski M, Hoffmann G. Effects of antithrombin III on tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2001; 21:1063-9. [PMID: 11798464 DOI: 10.1089/107999001317205196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the course of sepsis, severe coagulopathy and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) are common events. Therefore, substances known to interfere with the coagulation cascade have been studied in animal models of sepsis. Among them, antithrombin III (AT III) was reported to be a promising therapeutic tool because it exhibited anti-inflammatory properties in addition to its anticoagulative effects. In our studies using vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) as a monoculture model, contradictory effects of AT III on the release of the proinflammatory agonists tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) were found. Whereas AT III inhibited the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of these cytokines on both the transcriptional and the translational levels when given at higher concentrations (5 or 10 U/ml), lower amounts of AT III did not show this suppressive effect. In contrast, 0.5, 1, and 5 U/ml AT III led to an enhancement of TNF-alpha synthesis when combined with LPS. To date, we cannot provide a mechanism to explain the AT III-promoted modulation of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta generation in VSMC. However, with respect to its potential therapeutic benefit in systemic inflammatory conditions, AT III should not be regarded strictly as an anti-inflammatory modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Totzke
- Department of Physiology I, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Innerhofer P, Wiedermann FJ, Tiefenthaler W, Schobersberger W, Klingler A, Velik-Salchner C, Oswald E, Salner E, Irschick E, Kühbacher G. Are leukocytes in salvaged washed autologous blood harmful for the recipient? The results of a pilot study. Anesth Analg 2001; 93:566-72. [PMID: 11524319 DOI: 10.1097/00000539-200109000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To explore whether polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) are activated to the priming threshold through intraoperative blood salvage, and are thus able to induce endothelial damage, we investigated chemotactic response (n = 20) and respiratory burst (RB; n = 20) of PMNL without (basal respiratory burst, bPMNL-RB) and after in vitro stimulation with formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP-RB) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA-RB). Blood was processed with a continuous autotransfusion device (CATS). Heparin (Heparin group) and sodium citrate (Citrate group) were used alternately as an anticoagulant for each half of the chemotaxis and RB studies. Comparison of measurements from the processed autologous erythrocyte concentrates (paEC) to pre- and intraoperative arterial blood samples showed no statistically significant difference for any test of PMNL functional responses in an orthopedic patient population. Analysis of intraindividual changes demonstrated a significantly increased bPMNL-RB (both groups, P = 0.0032; Heparin group, P = 0.0098), fMLP-RB (both groups, P = 0.0484; Citrate group, P = 0.0371), and PMA-RB (Citrate group, P = 0.002) in the paEC compared with intraoperative arterial samples, whereas the chemotactic response did not change. Nevertheless, median values of all RB measurements in the paEC were within the range of pre- and intraoperative values, indicating that PMNLs contained in the paEC are neither impaired nor activated to the priming threshold. The results confirm the clinical experience that intraoperative blood salvage is safe to use during major orthopedic surgery and questions the beneficial effect of special leukocyte-removing filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Innerhofer
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, The Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Fries D, Innerhofer P, Schobersberger W. [Anesthesia for cesarean section and existing inoperable intracerebral angioma. Remarks on the paper of M. Raber, Anaesthesist (2000) 49:907-908]. Anaesthesist 2001; 50:710-2. [PMID: 11593879 DOI: 10.1007/s001010100189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Hobisch-Hagen P, Wiedermann F, Mayr A, Fries D, Jelkmann W, Fuchs D, Hasibeder W, Mutz N, Klingler A, Schobersberger W. Blunted erythropoietic response to anemia in multiply traumatized patients. Crit Care Med 2001; 29:743-7. [PMID: 11373460 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-200104000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the relations between anemia, serum erythropoietin (EPO), iron status, and inflammatory mediators in multiply traumatized patients. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Intensive care unit. PATIENTS Twenty-three patients suffering from severe trauma (injury severity score > or =30). INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Blood samples were collected within 12 hrs after the accident (day 1) and in the morning on days 2, 4, 6, and 9 to determine blood cell status, serum EPO, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), soluble tumor necrosis factor-receptor I (sTNF-rI), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL1-ra), interleukin-6 (IL-6), neopterin, and iron status, respectively. Hemoglobin concentration was low at admission (mean, 10.0 g/dL; range, 6.8-12.9 g/dL) and did not increase during the observation time. Serum EPO concentration was 49.8 U/L (mean value) on day 1 and did not show significant increases thereafter. No correlation was found between EPO and hemoglobin concentrations. TNF-alpha remained within the normal range. sTNF-rI was high at admission and increased further. IL1-ra was above the normal range. IL-6 was very high at admission and did not decrease thereafter. The initial neopterin concentration was normal, but increased until day 9. Serum iron was significantly decreased on day 2 posttrauma and remained low during the study. Serum ferritin increased steadily from day 2, reaching its maximum on day 9. In contrast, concentrations of transferrin were low from admission onward. CONCLUSIONS Multiply traumatized patients exhibit an inadequate EPO response to low hemoglobin concentrations. Thus, anemia in severe trauma is the result of a complex network of bleeding, blunted EPO response to low hemoglobin concentrations, inflammatory mediators, and a hypoferremic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hobisch-Hagen
- Division for General and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, Clinic for Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, The Leopold Franzens University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Mayr A, Knotzer H, Pajk W, Luckner G, Ritsch N, Dünser M, Ulmer H, Schobersberger W, Hasibeder W. Risk factors associated with new onset tachyarrhythmias after cardiac surgery--a retrospective analysis. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2001; 45:543-9. [PMID: 11309001 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2001.045005543.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tachyarrhythmias (TA) represent a frequent and serious problem after cardiac surgery. We retrospectively analyzed 987 cardiac surgery patients admitted to a surgical intensive care unit between 1996 and 1999 to assess incidence and risk factors associated with development of postoperative TA in the intensive care unit. METHODS TA (n=149) were defined as non-sinus rhythm with a heart rate (HR) > or =100 bpm in patients with preoperative sinus rhythm or as heart rate > or =130 bpm in patients with preoperative atrial fibrillation. A total of 787 patients served as controls (C). Demographic, premorbidity and perioperative data, admission SAPS and MODS-score, presence of clinical syndromes systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis were univariately compared between groups. For prediction of independent risk factors for TA-development two multiple logistic regression models were finally established. RESULTS Concerning TA, atrial fibrillation and flutter (76%) were observed most frequently, followed by paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (15%) and ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (11%). Age, a history or presence of congestive heart failure, development of SIRS and sepsis, severity of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and in particular severity of cardiovascular failure proved to be independent risk factors for development of TA. CONCLUSION In cardiac surgery patients, age, a history or presence of congestive heart failure, postoperative development of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome or sepsis and the severity of multiple organ function syndrome were independent predictors for development of TA in the intensive care unit. The association of severity of cardiovascular dysfunction with TA strongly suggests a causal relationship between catecholamine therapy and TA-development.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mayr
- Division of General and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, The Leopold Franzens University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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Partsch H, Niessner H, Bergau L, Blättler W, Cerny J, Gerlach H, Haas P, Haas S, Hirschl M, Korninger H, Kyrle P, Landgraf H, Mahler F, Minar E, Pabinger I, Prinz A, Rabe E, Radner A, Ramelet AA, Schobersberger W, Schuller-Petrovic S, Stöberl C, Zinnagl N. Reisethrombose 2001. Phlebologie 2001. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1617297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungAnlässlich einer Tagung in Wien im Juni 2001 hat eine Gruppe von Experten aus Deutschland, der Schweiz und aus Österreich ein Dokument ausgearbeitet, in welchem eine Definition der Reisethrombose gegeben und Vorbeugemaßnahmen vorgeschlagen wurden, die an drei Risikogruppen angepasst sind.
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Totzke G, Smolny M, Seibel M, Czechowski M, Schobersberger W, Hoffmann G. Antithrombin III enhances inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. Cell Immunol 2001; 208:1-8. [PMID: 11277613 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.2001.1762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that antithrombin III (ATIII) exerts anti-inflammatory properties in addition to its anti-coagulative mechanisms. In animal models of sepsis, ATIII affected cytokine plasma concentrations with a decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition to cytokines, excessive production of nitric oxide (NO) derived from inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) might represent another important mediator of the cytotoxic events during sepsis. Regarding ATIII as a potential anti-inflammatory modulator, one may speculate that ATIII inhibits the synthesis of iNOS-derived NO. However, our data demonstrate that ATIII further stimulates iNOS gene expression when applied together with either interleukin-1 beta or the combination of lipopolysaccharide plus interferon-gamma. The most prominent synergistic effects on NO synthesis were found when ATIII was given at higher concentrations (1, 5, and 10 U/ml). Although the mechanisms of ATIII signal transduction remain to be established, intensification of interleukin-1 beta or interferon-gamma/lipopolysaccharide-induced NO synthesis by ATIII does not attribute to the anti-inflammatory properties of ATIII.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antithrombin III/pharmacology
- Cells, Cultured
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Synergism
- Enzyme Induction/drug effects
- Female
- Interferon-gamma/pharmacology
- Interleukin-1/pharmacology
- Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Nitrates/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/genetics
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II
- Nitrites/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred WKY
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Affiliation(s)
- G Totzke
- Department of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Nussallee 11, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Wiedermann FJ, Mittermayr M, Hoffmann G, Schobersberger W. Recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) in infectious diseases: still a debate. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2001; 113:90-6. [PMID: 11253746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), a central mediator of the endogenous response to infection and inflammation, is approved for use in the prevention of infection-related complications in patients with nonmyeloid malignancies during antineoplastic therapy associated with high risk of severe neutropenia. Administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor results in improvement of host defence paired with anti-inflammatory effects. There is evidence from animal and clinical studies that administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor may also be beneficial in non-neutropenic infections. This review focuses mainly on the results of different animal and clinical studies of granulocyte colony stimulating factor used in the treatment of severe infections and sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Wiedermann
- Division of General and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, Austria
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Fries D, Hasibeder W, Mittermayr M, Klingler A, Antretter V, Hackl JM, Schobersberger W. Withholding and withdrawing therapy at the intensive care units of the University Hospital of Innsbruck, Austria. Crit Care 2001. [PMCID: PMC3333441 DOI: 10.1186/cc1321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Hoffmann G, Totzke G, Seibel M, Smolny M, Wiedermann FJ, Schobersberger W. In vitro modulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression and nitric oxide synthesis by procalcitonin. Crit Care Med 2001; 29:112-6. [PMID: 11176169 DOI: 10.1097/00003246-200101000-00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serum procalcitonin (PCT) concentration was recently introduced as valuable diagnostic marker for systemic bacterial infection and sepsis. At present, the cellular sources and biological properties of PCT are unclear. During sepsis and septic shock, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression is stimulated followed by the release of large amounts of nitric oxide (NO). We investigated the possible association between PCT and iNOS gene expression in an in vitro cell culture model. DESIGN Prospective, controlled in vitro cell culture study. SETTING University research laboratories. INTERVENTIONS Confluent rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) were incubated for 24 hrs and 48 hrs with PCT (1 ng/mL, 10 ng/mL, 100 ng/mL, 1,000 ng/mL, 5,000 ng/mL) alone or with the combination of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha, 500 U/mL) plus interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma, 100 U/mL). iNOS gene expression was measured by qualitative as well as quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, NO release was estimated by the modified Griess method. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS PCT in increasing concentrations had no effect on iNOS gene expression and nitrite/nitrate release for 24 hrs and 48 hrs, respectively. However, PCT ameliorated TNF-alpha/IFN-gamma-induced iNOS gene expression in a dose-dependent manner (maximal inhibition at PCT 100 ng/mL by -66% for 24 hrs and -80% for 48 hrs). This was accompanied by a significantly reduced release of nitrite/nitrate into the cell culture supernatant (maximal reduction at PCT 100 ng/mL by -56% and -45% for 24 hrs and 48 hrs, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that recombinant PCT inhibits the iNOS-inducing effects of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha/ IFN-gamma in a dose-dependent manner. This might be a counter-regulatory mechanism directed against the large production of NO and the concomitant systemic hypotension in severe sepsis and septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hoffmann
- Department of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Germany
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Fries D, Innerhofer P, Klingler A, Berresheim U, Calatzis A, Schobersberger W. The effect of the combined administration of colloids and Ringer's Lactate on the coagulation system - an in vitro study using thrombelastography (roTEG®). Crit Care 2001. [PMCID: PMC3333299 DOI: 10.1186/cc1179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Rieder-Scharinger J, Peer R, Rabl W, Hasibeder W, Schobersberger W. [Multiple organ failure following inhalation of butane gas: a case report]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2000; 112:1049-52. [PMID: 11204316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Most cases of acute poisoning by butane and other volatile compounds occur in young people as a consequence of substance abuse by inhalation. Clinical symptoms are caused by asphyxia and mainly affect the cardiovascular, respiratory and central nervous system. There are also reported deaths from intoxication of butane inhalation, mostly by cardiac arrhythmia. We report the case of a healthy 14 year-old boy who inhaled butane gas from an aerosol can for refilling cigarette lighters. Despite successful resuscitation and defibrillation, he died two days later from multiple organ failure involving the central nervous system, cardiovascular system, pulmonary system and the liver. Although such incidents are rare in middle European countries, emergency and intensive care medicine staff should be instructed on the consequences and management of butane gas poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rieder-Scharinger
- Klinische Abteilung für Allgemeine und Chirurgische Intensivmedizin der Klinik für Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Osterreich
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Innerhofer P, Kühbacher G, Schobersberger W. Antifibrinolytic therapy reduces blood loss in knee replacement surgery. Anesth Analg 2000; 91:497-8. [PMID: 10910882 DOI: 10.1097/00000539-200008000-00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Margreiter J, Schlager A, Balogh A, Maier H, Balogh D, Lindner KH, Fuchs D, Schobersberger W. Exogenous neopterin causes cardiac contractile dysfunction in the isolated perfused rat heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2000; 32:1265-74. [PMID: 10860768 DOI: 10.1006/jmcc.2000.1160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neopterin is known in humans as a sensitive marker for diseases associated with increased activity of the cellular immune system. Recent studies report neopterin also to exhibit distinct effects: neopterin induces inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in rat vascular smooth muscle cells and activates translocation of nuclear factor- kappa B. Neopterin may also induce oxidative stress causing apoptotic cell death, or superinduce tumor necrosis factor- alpha -mediated apoptosis. Observing these effects in cell cultures, we were interested in possible consequences of neopterin on cardiac function in the isolated perfused rat heart. The influence of neopterin in three different concentrations (10 micromol/l, 50 micromol/l, 100 micromol/l) on cardiac contractility parameters and coronary vascular resistance were studied in 67 male Sprague-Dawley rats using the temperature-controlled and pressure-constant Langendorff apparatus with retrograde perfusion of the aorta with a Krebs-Henseleit buffer. Treatment with 100 micromol/l neopterin resulted in a significant decrease in coronary flow and cardiac contractility. Coronary flow decreased from 15.2 to 9.5 ml/min (P=0.002), left ventricular pressure from 80 to 52 mmHg (P=0. 002), rate of pressure fall from 1605 to 923 mmHg/s (P=0.001) and rate of pressure rise from 2862 to 1709 mmHg/s (P=0.001). Concentrations lower than 100 micromol/l neopterin had no significant effect on cardiac function. Our study demonstrates a considerable influence of exogenous neopterin on cardiac performance in the Langendorff model of isolated perfused rat hearts. This has to be considered a potential pathogenic factor of cardiac disturbances in diseases in which high concentrations of neopterin are released due to immune activation. At present the exact mechanism remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Margreiter
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, The Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Innerhofer P, Tilz G, Fuchs D, Luz G, Hobisch-Hagen P, Schobersberger W, Nussbaumer W, Lochs A, Irschick E. Immunologic changes after transfusion of autologous or allogeneic buffy coat-poor versus WBC-reduced blood transfusions in patients undergoing arthroplasty. II. Activation of T cells, macrophages, and cell-mediated lympholysis. Transfusion 2000; 40:821-7. [PMID: 10924610 DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.2000.40070821.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To estimate the impact of RBC preparations on the status of postoperative immune activation, the soluble cytokine receptors of TNFalpha (sTNF-R) and IL-2 (sIL-2R), as well as neopterin and cell-mediated lympholysis (CML), were measured. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Patients undergoing strictly standardized anesthesiologic management for elective orthopedic surgery were enrolled in a prospective study. The perioperative course (Days 0, 3, 7, and 10) of sTNF-R, sIL-2R, neopterin, and CML was compared after random assignment to allogeneic buffy coat-reduced (Group 2, n = 8) or WBC-reduced (Group 3, n = 11) RBC transfusion regimen. Recipients of autologous buffy coat-reduced RBC transfusions (Group 1, n = 15) served as controls. Patients receiving intraoperatively and postoperatively salvaged blood only (n = 10) were separately analyzed as Group 4. RESULTS In Group 1, a short-lasting increase in soluble cytokine receptors, a diminished cytolytic response (Day 0 vs. Day 7: sTNF-R, p = 0.0001; sIL-2R, p = 0.0004; CML, p = 0. 0238), and an elevation of neopterin (Day 0 vs. Day 3: p = 0.0064) were observed. In contrast, in allogeneically transfused patients, sTNF-R (Group 2, p = 0.0469: Group 3, p = 0.0039), sIL-2R (Group 3, p = 0.002) and neopterin (Group 3, p = 0.0164) increased further from baseline to Day 10 (Day 0 vs. Day 10), and this increase was accompanied by a diminished cytolytic response (Day 0 vs. Day 10: Group 2, p = 0.05; Group 3, p = 0.0076). Patients in Group 4 showed a short-lasting increase in sIL-2R (Day 0 vs. Day 3: p = 0.0078), neopterin (Day 0 vs. Day 3: p = 0.0156) and sTNF-R (Day 0 vs. Day 7: p = 0.0781). CONCLUSION Allogeneic transfusions seem to prolong the postoperative status of immune activation, even when WBC-filtered RBCs are used for the transfusion regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Innerhofer
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, The Leopold-Franzens University of Innsbruck, Austria.
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Knotzer H, Mayr A, Ulmer H, Lederer W, Schobersberger W, Mutz N, Hasibeder W. Tachyarrhythmias in a surgical intensive care unit: a case-controlled epidemiologic study. Intensive Care Med 2000; 26:908-14. [PMID: 10990105 DOI: 10.1007/s001340051280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Incidence, types, and factors associated with new onset tachyarrhythmias (TA) in surgical intensive care patients. DESIGN Pairwise-matched case-controlled study. SETTING Surgical intensive care unit (ICU) with nine intensive care beds. PATIENTS During a 1-year period, all TA patients (n = 89) were included in the study. Control patients (n = 82) without TA were matched according to age, sex, and surgical region. METHODS TA workup included: 12-lead ECG, arterial blood gas, serum electrolyte (K+, Mg2+), and serum CK/CKMB isoenzyme analysis. Pre-existing cardiovascular and pulmonary disease, cardiovascular risk factors, preoperative regular medication, and admission SAPS were recorded in all patients. A multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) score, the presence or absence of SIRS or sepsis, and hemodynamics (MAP and CVP) before onset of TA were evaluated in TA patients, while in control patients highest MODS-score, the presence or absence of SIRS or sepsis, mean hemodynamic and laboratory values calculated from highest and lowest readings during ICU stay were used for statistical comparison. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify variables multivariately associated with TA. RESULTS Eighty-nine (14.8%) of 596 patients developed TA. Atrial fibrillation was most frequent (60.7%). Presence of SIRS or sepsis (adj. OR = 36.45; 95% CI: 11.5-115.5), high admission SAPS (adj. OR = 1.25/point; 95% CI: 1.08-1.44), high CVP (adj. OR = 1.27/mmHg; 95% CI: 1.09-1.48), and low arterial oxygen tension (adj. OR = 0.97/mmHg); 95% CI: 0.95-0.99) were found to be significant predictors for development of TA. CONCLUSIONS In surgical patients hypoxia, high cardiac filling pressures, a greater degree of physiologic derangement at admission, and the presence of SIRS and sepsis are independent risk factors for the development of TA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Knotzer
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, The Leopold Franzens University of Innsbruck, Austria
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Rhomberg M, Furtmüller F, Haidinger D, Nopp WH, Rieder-Scharinger J, Schobersberger W, Piza-Katzer H. [Streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome with necrotizing myositis]. Chirurg 2000; 71:844-7. [PMID: 10986609 DOI: 10.1007/s001040051147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcal toxic shocklike syndrome is caused by group A streptococci and characterized by multiorgan failure and soft-tissue necrosis, often in young patients with a bland history and at most a minor trauma. Diagnosis is reached through the clinical presentation, imaging methods and positive bacterial verification. The course is fulminant and in the case of muscle involvement, mortality reaches 80-100%. Therapy consists of immediate fasciotomy and often of debridement of affected soft tissues with high-dose antibiotics in intensive care. Sometimes an unconfirmed diagnosis must be sufficient to operate. We report the case of a 29-year-old man without an exceptional history who was forced to undergo thigh amputation, multiple soft-tissue debridements, and after a total of 240 erythrocyte concentrates, finally hip joint enucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rhomberg
- Universitätsklinik für Plastische und Wiederherstellungschirugie Innsbruck.
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Wiedermann FJ, Mayr A, Schobersberger W, Knotzer H, Sepp N, Rieger M, Hasibeder W, Mutz N. Acute respiratory failure associated with catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome. J Intern Med 2000; 247:723-30. [PMID: 10886495 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2796.2000.00687.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome with acute respiratory failure due to alveolar haemorrhage associated with antiphospholipid antibodies in a 42-year-old woman with a medical history of antinuclear antibody-negative systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome. Severe respiratory failure, circulatory shock and acute renal failure necessitated artificial ventilation, inotropic and vasopressor therapy, and continuous venovenous haemofiltration. A tentative diagnosis of haemorrhagic lupus pneumonitis or pulmonary manifestation of antiphospholipid syndrome was made. Lupus anticoagulant, IgG anticardiolipin and anti-beta2-glycoprotein I antibodies were positive. High-dose glucocorticoid, anticoagulation with heparin, plasmapheresis and cyclophosphamide improved her clinical condition. Despite this, the patient died several days later of spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage. This case illustrates the uncommon manifestation of acute respiratory failure associated with antiphospholipid syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Wiedermann
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Division of General and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Schobersberger W, Hobisch-Hagen P, Fries D, Wiedermann F, Rieder-Scharinger J, Villiger B, Frey W, Herold M, Fuchs D, Jelkmann W. Increase in immune activation, vascular endothelial growth factor and erythropoietin after an ultramarathon run at moderate altitude. Immunobiology 2000; 201:611-20. [PMID: 10834317 DOI: 10.1016/s0171-2985(00)80078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study was performed to investigate the effects of exhaustive long lasting exercise at moderate altitude on the time course of serum immunomodulatory peptides, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and serum erythropoietin (EPO). Thirteen well trained runners participated at the Swiss Alpine Marathon of Davos (distance 67 km, altitude difference 2300 m). Interleukin-6 was significantly elevated in the first 2h after the run. In contrast, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and both soluble tumor necrosis factor-a receptors I and II were increased after exercise termination and showed sustained serum concentrations the following days. Neopterin, a serum marker for the activation of the cellular immune system, was increased until day two after the run. Immediately after the run VEGF was significantly elevated and further increased 2.4-fold until day five post exercise (p = 0.005). EPO was also increased after exercise but reached its maximum 2 h after the run (2-fold increase; p = 0.004) and decreased thereafter. The main findings of our study are that prolonged strenuous exercise at moderate altitude induced a significant long lasting increase in serum VEGF and EPO which was accompanied by an activation of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Schobersberger
- Department for Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, The Leopold-Franzens-University of Innsbruck, Austria.
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Hobisch-Hagen P, Jelkmann W, Mayr A, Wiedermann FJ, Fries D, Herold M, Klingler A, Schobersberger W. Low platelet count and elevated serum thrombopoietin after severe trauma. Eur J Haematol 2000; 64:157-63. [PMID: 10997881 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0609.2000.90102.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Platelet count is regularly low in patients after multiple trauma, mainly due to blood loss and dilution. Thrombopoietin (TPO) is the main regulator of the circulating platelet mass. Under several clinical conditions an inverse correlation between TPO and the circulating platelet mass was reported. Since platelets bind and internalize TPO, a platelet-dependent regulation of TPO was suggested. Thus, acute blood loss should be accompanied by elevated TPO. We measured serum TPO, platelets, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in 17 multiple traumatized victims. Blood was collected within 12 h after trauma as well as in the morning of days 2, 4, 6 and 9 after admission at the intensive care unit. Platelet count was low at admission and remained low until day 4. Thereafter platelets increased until day 9. TPO nearly doubled within the first 2 d, reaching its maximum on day 6. IL-6 was initially very high and steadily decreased until day 9. VEGF increased 3-fold during the 9 d. Statistically significant correlations of TPO were found with platelets and IL-6, but not with VEGF. In multiple traumatized patients low platelet count is followed by a rapid increase in serum TPO. This fits into the concept of a feedback regulation between circulating TPO and platelet mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hobisch-Hagen
- Division for General and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine, Clinic for Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Innsbruck, Austria
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Hoffmann G, Rieder J, Smolny M, Seibel M, Wirleitner B, Fuchs D, Schobersberger W. Neopterin-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in type II-like alveolar epithelial cells. Clin Exp Immunol 1999; 118:435-40. [PMID: 10594564 PMCID: PMC1905438 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.01071.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Production and release of proinflammatory mediators such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha and neopterin are common events following the activation of the cellular immune system. Concerning inflammatory disorders of the lung, e.g. sepsis or sarcoidosis, high serum neopterin levels have been reported to correlate well with the severity of the disease. These situations are often associated with an increased expression of ICAM-1 reported to be induced in type II alveolar epithelial cells. In our study we investigated the potential effects of neopterin on ICAM-1 synthesis in the type II-like pneumocyte cell line L2. Detection of ICAM-1 gene expression by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction revealed a dose-dependent effect of neopterin, with maximum impact following 12-h incubations. Comparable results were obtained when ICAM-1 protein synthesis was measured via a cell-based ELISA. In a second set of experiments we were able to show that coincubation of L2 cells with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) significantly suppressed neopterin-induced ICAM-1 synthesis. Since PDTC is known to be a potent inhibitor of NF-kappaB, the stimulating effects of neopterin on ICAM-1 gene expression and protein generation may be mediated by activation of this transcription factor. From these data we conclude that neopterin stimulates ICAM-1 production in L2 cells. In vivo, these effects may contribute to the prolongation of the inflammatory response, including cytotoxic cell host defence mechanisms that impair the functions of the airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hoffmann
- Department of Physiology I, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Wiedermann FJ, Mayr A, Schobersberger W, Mutz N. Definition and classification of the antiphospholipid syndrome. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 1999; 40:919-20. [PMID: 10776732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Schobersberger W, Fries D, Hasibeder W, Schwamberger H, Klingler A, Antretter V, Kofler A, Hackl JM. [Implementing limited therapy methods in intensive care units: discontinuing therapy, reducing therapy and withholding therapy in intensive care units of the Innsbruck University Clinics]. Wien Klin Wochenschr 1999; 111:802-9. [PMID: 10568011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The intensive care physician is frequently confronted with the decision to withhold or withdraw therapy in patients with a poor prognosis. Apart from the legal implications, the practical management of withholding or withdrawing intensive care treatment continues to be indistinct. The subject has not been investigated in Austria or Germany. The aim of the study was to examine the different points of view of intensive care physicians and the various procedures to limit therapy in patients with a poor prognosis. METHODS We interviewed physicians working at different intensive care departments of the University Hospital of Innsbruck from March to April 1998. RESULTS Withholding treatment was given preference over withdrawing treatment. In regard of withdrawing treatment, 64% of the interviewed physicians felt more uncertain. In the decision making process the potential reversibility of disease was estimated to be more important than the wish of the patient. Hemofiltration and antibiotics were mentioned as the first measures the physicians would withdraw. The last measure that would be withheld was ventilatory support. Sixty-three per cent of the physicians felt that sedation and analgesia should be continued. In regard of withholding or withdrawing treatment 83% voted for an obligatory DNR order. CONCLUSION Before withholding or withdrawing intensive care therapy, a medical specialist must determine and document the futile prognosis of the patient. If the patient's wish is unknown, all further decisions should be made in agreement with all participants. The goal of the therapy is to provide the patient maximum comfort under minimal intensive care treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Schobersberger
- Klinische Abteilung für Allgemeine und Chirurgische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinik für Anästhesie und Intensivmedizin, Innsbruck.
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Innerhofer P, Luz G, Spötl L, Hobisch-Hagen P, Schobersberger W, Fischer M, Nussbaumer W, Lochs A, Irschick E. Immunologic changes after transfusion of autologous or allogeneic buffy coat-poor versus white cell-reduced blood to patients undergoing arthroplasty. I. Proliferative T-cell responses and the balance of helper and suppressor T cells. Transfusion 1999; 39:1089-96. [PMID: 10532603 DOI: 10.1046/j.1537-2995.1999.39101089.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Donor white cells (WBCs) contained in red cell (RBC) transfusions are thought to provoke down-regulation of T-cell-mediated immunity. This study investigated this topic in otherwise healthy patients receiving buffy coat-depleted or WBC-filtered RBCs and undergoing standardized perioperative management. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery (primary hip and knee replacement surgery) were enrolled in a prospective study. Perioperative changes in T-cell proliferation (stimulation with phytohemagglutinin and mixed lymphocyte culture) and T-cell balance (T-lymphocytes, helper T cells, and suppressor T cells) were compared after random assignment to allogeneic buffy coat-depleted (Group 2, n = 8) or WBC-reduced RBC (Group 3, n = 11) transfusion regimens. Recipients of autologous buffy coat-depleted RBC transfusions (n = 15) served as controls (Group 1). RESULTS Compared to that in autologous transfusion recipients, alloantigen-induced T-cell proliferation was significantly reduced in recipients of allogeneic WBC-reduced RBCs (Day 3, p = 0.0274). After the transfusion of allogeneic buffy coat-depleted RBCs, a weak trend toward decreased T-cell proliferation was observed (p = 0.0933) and the numbers of CD4+ T cells were also significantly lower (Day 7, p = 0.0389). On Day 10, alloantigen-induced T-cell proliferation remained significantly below baseline after transfusion of WBC-reduced RBCs (p = 0.05), the numbers of CD3+ cells decreased in allogeneic RBC recipients (Group 2, p = 0.078; Group 3, p = 0.05), and those of CD8+ cells decreased significantly after the transfusion of allogeneic buffy coat-depleted RBCs (p = 0.0234) concomitant with an increased CD4:CD8 ratio (p = 0.0391). CONCLUSION Results of the present study confirm the hypothesis of impaired T-cell-mediated immunity after allogeneic transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Innerhofer
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Computer Center, University of Innsbruck, Austria.
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