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Hacker C, Mocchi M, Xiao J, Metzger B, Adkinson J, Pascuzzi B, Mathura R, Oswalt D, Watrous A, Bartoli E, Allawala A, Pirtle V, Fan X, Danstrom I, Shofty B, Banks G, Zhang Y, Armenta-Salas M, Mirpour K, Provenza N, Mathew S, Cohn J, Borton D, Goodman W, Pouratian N, Sheth S, Bijanki K. Aperiodic neural activity is a biomarker for depression severity. medRxiv 2023:2023.11.07.23298040. [PMID: 37986996 PMCID: PMC10659509 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.07.23298040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
A reliable physiological biomarker for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is necessary to improve treatment success rates by shoring up variability in outcome measures. In this study, we establish a passive biomarker that tracks with changes in mood on the order of minutes to hours. We record from intracranial electrodes implanted deep in the brain - a surgical setting providing exquisite temporal and spatial sensitivity to detect this relationship in a difficult-to-measure brain area, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC). The aperiodic slope of the power spectral density captures the balance of activity across all frequency bands and is construed as a putative proxy for excitatory/inhibitory balance in the brain. This study demonstrates how shifts in aperiodic slope correlate with depression severity in a clinical trial of deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The correlation between depression severity scores and aperiodic slope is significant in N=5 subjects, indicating that flatter (less negative) slopes correspond to reduced depression severity, especially in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. This biomarker offers a new way to track patient response to MDD treatment, facilitating individualized therapies in both intracranial and non-invasive monitoring scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Hacker
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
- Washington University in St. Louis Department of Neurosurgery
| | - M.M Mocchi
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
| | - J. Xiao
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
| | - B.A. Metzger
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
| | - J.A. Adkinson
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
| | - B.R. Pascuzzi
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
| | - R.C. Mathura
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
| | - D. Oswalt
- University of Pennsylvania Department of Neurosurgery
| | - A. Watrous
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
| | - E. Bartoli
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
| | - A. Allawala
- Brown University Department of Biomedical Engineering and Carney Institute for Brain Science
| | - V. Pirtle
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
| | - X. Fan
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
| | - I. Danstrom
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
| | - B. Shofty
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
| | - G. Banks
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
| | - Y. Zhang
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
| | | | - K. Mirpour
- University of Texas Southwestern, Department of Neurosurgery
| | - N. Provenza
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
| | - S. Mathew
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Psychiatry
| | - J. Cohn
- University of Pittsburgh Department of Psychology
| | - D. Borton
- Brown University Department of Biomedical Engineering and Carney Institute for Brain Science
- Brown University Department of Veterans Affairs Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology
| | - W. Goodman
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Psychiatry
| | - N. Pouratian
- University of Texas Southwestern, Department of Neurosurgery
| | - S.A. Sheth
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
| | - K.R. Bijanki
- Baylor College of Medicine Department of Neurosurgery
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Desai A, Smith J, Cordova B, Richardson B, Christo K, Campanelli J, Broncano A, Chen J, Goodman W, Cameron M. 3072 – SEX-SPECIFIC NICHE SIGNALING CONTRIBUTES TO SEXUAL DIMORPHISM FOLLOWING STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION. Exp Hematol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2022.07.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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McCormack R, Hawk K, D'Onofrio G, Rotrosen J, Gauthier P, E. Edelman E, Fiellin D, Novo P, Marsch L, Knight R, Goodman W. 159 Implementing Emergency Department-Initiated Buprenorphine in Low-Resource, High-Need Settings. Ann Emerg Med 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2019.08.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Nishizawa T, Almagri AF, Anderson JK, Goodman W, Pueschel MJ, Nornberg MD, Ohshima S, Sarff JS, Terry PW, Williams ZR. Direct Measurement of a Toroidally Directed Zonal Flow in a Toroidal Plasma. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:105001. [PMID: 30932630 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.105001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Zonal flow appears in toroidal, magnetically confined plasmas as part of the self-regulated interaction of turbulence and transport processes. For toroidal plasmas having a strong toroidal magnetic field, the zonal flow is predominately poloidally directed. This Letter reports the first observation of a zonal flow that is toroidally directed. The measurements are made just inside the last closed flux surface of reversed field pinch plasmas that have a dominant poloidal magnetic field. A limit cycle oscillation between the strength of the zonal flow and the amplitude of plasma potential fluctuations is observed, which provides evidence for the self-regulation characteristic of drift-wave-type plasma turbulence. The measurements help advance understanding and gyrokinetic modeling of toroidal plasmas in the pursuit of fusion energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nishizawa
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A F Almagri
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J K Anderson
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - W Goodman
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M J Pueschel
- Institute for Fusion Studies, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - M D Nornberg
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Ohshima
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - J S Sarff
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - P W Terry
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Z R Williams
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Nishizawa T, Almagri AF, Goodman W, Ohshima S, Sarff JS. Development of a multi-channel capacitive probe for electric field measurements with fine spatial and high time resolution. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:10J118. [PMID: 30399956 DOI: 10.1063/1.5035093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A capacitive probe [Tan et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 88, 023502 (2017)] is one of a few diagnostics that is directly sensitive to the plasma potential. Using this diagnostic technique, a Multi-channel Linear Capacitive Probe (MLCP) is developed for turbulence measurements. The MLCP has 10 spatial channels and provides 9 points of radial electric field measurements simultaneously with a spatial step of 7 mm. A new readout circuit and a correction technique for low frequency attenuation are also developed to achieve the required spatial and time resolution. A performance test of the MLCP using a reversed field pinch plasma confirms that the MLCP resolves sub-centimeter structures of the equilibrium radial electric field profile and fluctuations up to 680 kHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nishizawa
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A F Almagri
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - W Goodman
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Ohshima
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - J S Sarff
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Rasgon A, Lee WH, Leibu E, Laird A, Glahn D, Goodman W, Frangou S. Neural correlates of affective and non-affective cognition in obsessive compulsive disorder: A meta-analysis of functional imaging studies. Eur Psychiatry 2017; 46:25-32. [PMID: 28992533 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by intrusive thoughts and repetitive ritualistic behaviors and has been associated with diverse functional brain abnormalities. We sought to synthesize current evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies and examine their alignment to pathogenetic models of OCD. Following systematic review, we identified 54 task-fMRI studies published in the last decade comparing adults with OCD (n=1186) to healthy adults (n=1159) using tasks of affective and non-affective cognition. We used voxel-based quantitative meta-analytic methods to combine primary data on anatomical coordinates of case-control differences, separately for affective and non-affective tasks. We found that functional abnormalities in OCD cluster within cortico-striatal thalamic circuits. Within these circuits, the abnormalities identified showed significant dependence on the affective or non-affective nature of the tasks employed as circuit probes. In studies using affective tasks, patients overactivated regions involved in salience, arousal and habitual responding (anterior cingulate cortex, insula, caudate head and putamen) and underactivated regions implicated in cognitive and behavioral control (medial prefrontal cortex, posterior caudate). In studies using non-affective cognitive tasks, patients overactivated regions involved in self-referential processing (precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex) and underactivated subcortical regions that support goal-directed cognition and motor control (pallidum, ventral anterior thalamus, posterior caudate). The overall pattern suggests that OCD-related brain dysfunction involves increased affective and self-referential processing, enhanced habitual responding and blunted cognitive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rasgon
- Department of psychiatry, Icahn school of medicine, 1425, Madison avenue, 10029 New York, Mount Sinai, USA
| | - W H Lee
- Department of psychiatry, Icahn school of medicine, 1425, Madison avenue, 10029 New York, Mount Sinai, USA
| | - E Leibu
- Department of psychiatry, Icahn school of medicine, 1425, Madison avenue, 10029 New York, Mount Sinai, USA
| | - A Laird
- Neuroinformatics and brain connectivity laboratory, Florida international university, Florida, USA
| | - D Glahn
- Division of neurocognition, neurocomputation, and neurogenetics, Yale university, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - W Goodman
- Menninger department of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, Baylor college of medicine, Waco, TX, USA
| | - S Frangou
- Department of psychiatry, Icahn school of medicine, 1425, Madison avenue, 10029 New York, Mount Sinai, USA.
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Mikulski Z, Johnson R, Shaked I, Kim G, Nowyhed H, Goodman W, Chodaczek G, Pizarro TT, Cominelli F, Ley K. SAMP1/YitFc mice develop ileitis via loss of CCL21 and defects in dendritic cell migration. Gastroenterology 2015; 148:783-793.e5. [PMID: 25620669 PMCID: PMC4375031 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The lymphatic chemokine CCL21 is required for dendritic cell (DC) migration from tissues to lymph nodes, which helps establish tolerance to foreign yet harmless antigens. We demonstrate that CCL21 is almost completely absent from SAMP1/YitFc (SAMP) mice, which spontaneously develop chronic ileitis that resembles Crohn's disease, and that DC migration is severely impaired in these mice compared with AKR mice (controls). Toll-like receptor agonists like the Toll-like receptor 7 agonist R848 induce DC maturation and mobilization. METHODS We collected intestinal and other tissues and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) from SAMP mice. Expression of CCL21 was measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence analyses; spontaneous and induced migration of DCs were assessed by flow cytometry. We analyzed production of retinoic acid by DCs and their ability to induce development of regulatory T cells. Mice were fed R848 to determine its effects on migration of DCs and development of ileitis in SAMP mice. RESULTS SAMP mice expressed almost no CCL21 in any tissue tested. Their CD11b(+)CD103(+) DCs were defective in migration from the ileal lamina propria to the MLN. DCs from SAMP mice also had a greatly reduced ability to produce retinoic acid and induce development of regulatory T cells compared with control mice. Young SAMP mice had reduced CCL21 expression and decreased DC migration before developing ileitis. Administration of R848 to adult SAMP mice increased migration of DC to the MLN and development of regulatory T cells there, and reduced the severity of ileitis. CONCLUSIONS Loss of CCL21 signaling and DC migration is required for development of ileitis in SAMP mice. Reagents such as R848, which activate DC migration to the MLN, may be developed as treatments for patients with Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Mikulski
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Rebecca Johnson
- Department of Pathology, University of California - San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Iftach Shaked
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Gisen Kim
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Heba Nowyhed
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Wendy Goodman
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Grzegorz Chodaczek
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037
| | - Theresa T. Pizarro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Klaus Ley
- Division of Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California.
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Goodman W, Garg R, Davis C, Katz J, Cominelli F, Pizarro T. Gender differences in Crohn's disease are mediated by differential effects of estrogen on T cell function (MUC2P.825). The Journal of Immunology 2014. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.192.supp.68.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is one of several autoinflammatory diseases for which a female gender bias has been reported. We hypothesized that hormonal signaling may alter T cell function in IBD, since chronic activation of pathogenic T cells drive intestinal inflammation and symptoms of female patients often change during times of altered hormone signaling, such as puberty and pregnancy. We studied the function of regulatory T cells in experimental murine models of ileitis (SAMP1/YitFc) and colitis (CD45RB transfer model), as well as in human IBD patients. In the CD45RB colitis model, CD45RBlow cells (enriched for Treg cells) from WT female mice were less effective at dampening colitis compared to their male counterparts (p<0.001, n=6/group). Consistent with this finding, female SAMP (SAMP-F) mice developed accelerated, worsened ileitis compared to SAMP-M beginning at 6 weeks of age (p<0.01, n=6/group), and displayed reductions in Foxp3 expression and Treg function in vitro. SAMP-F Tregs were non-responsive to estrogen-mediated increases in Foxp3 expression, suggesting that hormone signaling may influence Treg function in ileitis. Lastly, female IBD patients displayed a reduction in Foxp3 expression by FACS compared to males (p≤0.05, n=3/group); this was in contrast to Foxp3 expression in healthy female controls, which exceeded that of healthy males (p<0.01, n=5/group). Together, these data suggest that hormone signaling may directly influence Treg function in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Goodman
- 1Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Rekha Garg
- 1Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Calvin Davis
- 2Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jeffrey Katz
- 2Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- 3Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Fabio Cominelli
- 2Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
- 3Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
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Kurmaeva E, Bhattacharya D, Goodman W, Omenetti S, Merendino A, Berney S, Pizarro T, Ostanin DV. Immunosuppressive monocytes: possible homeostatic mechanism to restrain chronic intestinal inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2014; 96:377-89. [PMID: 24696357 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3hi0613-340rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic colitis is accompanied by extensive myelopoiesis and accumulation of CD11b+Gr-1+ cells in spleens and secondary lymphoid tissues. Although cells with similar phenotype have been described in cancer, chronic infection, or autoimmunity, where they were associated with suppression of T cell responses, little is known regarding how these cells affect CD4 T cell responses in the context of chronic intestinal inflammation. Therefore, we undertook this study to characterize the interplay between colitis-induced myeloid cells and CD4 T cell. Within the CD11b+Gr-1+ population, only monocytes (Ly6G(neg)Ly6C(high)) but not other myeloid cell subsets suppressed proliferation and production of cytokines by CD4 T cells. Suppression was mediated by cell-contact, NO and partially by IFN-γ and PGs. Interestingly, Ly6C(high) MDCs, isolated from colitic colons, showed up-regulation of iNOS and arginase-1 and were more potent suppressors than those isolated from spleen. On a single-cell level, MDCs inhibited Th1 responses but enhanced generation of foxp3+ T cells. MDCs, cocultured with activated/Teffs, isolated from inflamed colons under hypoxic (1% O2) conditions typical for the inflamed intestine, suppressed proliferation but not their production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Taken together, expansion of monocytes and MDCs and activation of their suppressive properties may represent a homeostatic mechanism aimed at restraining excessive T cell activation during chronic inflammatory settings. The contribution of immunosuppressive monocytes/MDCs to chronic colitis and their role in shaping T cell responses in vivo require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Kurmaeva
- Center of Excellence for Arthritis and Rheumatology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA; and
| | - Dhruva Bhattacharya
- Center of Excellence for Arthritis and Rheumatology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA; and
| | - Wendy Goodman
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sara Omenetti
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Amber Merendino
- Center of Excellence for Arthritis and Rheumatology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA; and
| | - Seth Berney
- Center of Excellence for Arthritis and Rheumatology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA; and
| | - Theresa Pizarro
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Dmitry V Ostanin
- Center of Excellence for Arthritis and Rheumatology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA; and
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Omenetti S, Brogi M, Garg R, Goodman W, Klinman D, Pinzani M, Pizarro T. Essential role for Toll-like receptor 9 in the pathogenesis of liver inflammation in a murine model of Crohn’s disease-like ileitis (P3147). The Journal of Immunology 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.43.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Liver inflammation, a common extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), was reported to unexpectedly precede ileitis onset in SAMP1/YitFc (SAMP) mice, a spontaneous model of IBD. We hypothesized that since SAMP possess an inherent epithelial barrier defect that can facilitate bacterial translocation, ultimately into the liver, toll-like receptor (TLR) activation of resident immune cells may occur, leading to liver inflammation. To test this, SAMP X MyD88KO mice were generated and liver inflammation assessed. TLRs were measured by qPCR and TLR9+ cells identified by FACS in isolated non-parenchymal liver cells (NPLs). Cytokines were measured by ELISA from NPLs +/- a TLR9 agonist, and SAMP treated with a TLR9 agonist or antagonist evaluated. Deletion of MyD88 resulted in complete amelioration of SAMP liver inflammation as early as 4, and up to 40, wks vs age-matched WT SAMP (both p<0.001). TLR9 mRNA levels were highest for TLR expression in SAMP vs AKR (parental) control livers (↑2.4-fold, p<0.001) and TLR9 expressed in both NPL F4/80+ MΦs and CD4+ T cells, with specific TLR9 activation modulating TNF, IL-12, and IL-10 (p<0.05). Finally, administration of a TLR9 agonist exacerbated (p<0.001), while a TLR9 antagonist ameliorated, SAMP liver inflammation (vs vehicle, p<0.05). These data indicate a pivotal role for TLR9 in the pathogenesis of liver inflammation in ileitis-prone SAMP mice and suggest its importance in hepatic involvement in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Omenetti
- 1Pathology Department, Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH
- 2“DENOThe” Center of Excellence, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Marco Brogi
- 1Pathology Department, Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH
| | - Rekha Garg
- 1Pathology Department, Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH
| | - Wendy Goodman
- 1Pathology Department, Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH
| | - Dennis Klinman
- 3Cancer and Inflammation Program, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD
| | - Massimo Pinzani
- 1Pathology Department, Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH
- 4Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University Col. London, London, United Kingdom
- 5Medicine Department, Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH
| | - Theresa Pizarro
- 1Pathology Department, Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH
- 2“DENOThe” Center of Excellence, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
- 5Medicine Department, Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH
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Vincenti F, Vincenti F, Weir M, Von Visger J, Kopyt N, Mannon R, Tseng S, Goodman W, Wolf M, Aires I, Aires I, Ferreira A, Silva C, Remedio F, Nolasco F. Bone and mineral metabolism after transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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12
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Edwards K, Goodman W. Natalizumab Use for Neuropsychological Deficits in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (P04.116). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p04.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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13
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Goodman W, Schooley DA, Gilbert LI. Specificity of the juvenile hormone binding protein: The geometrical isomers of juvenile hormone I. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 75:185-9. [PMID: 16592479 PMCID: PMC411210 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.75.1.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The binding of the geometrical isomers (>/=99% pure) of juvenile hormone I to the hemolymph juvenile hormone binding protein of Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae) was analyzed. A technique is described for isomer separation by micropreparative high-resolution liquid chromatography. Analysis of competition was performed by using a "batch adsorption" hydroxylapatite binding assay. Competition studies indicate that the naturally occurring isomer, 2E,6E,10cis, is bound with the highest affinity. Optimal binding appears to depend most heavily upon the configuration of the 2,3 double bond. Juvenile hormone binding protein shows a higher affinity for the 2E than for the 2Z configuration. The 6,7 double bond is of less importance in determining binding activity, and isomerism about the epoxide appears least important in conferring binding activity. The binding site may be a groove along the surface of the binding protein interacting with the side chains of juvenile hormone, including the ester methyl group. The grouping of the side chains and the ester methyl group thus constitutes a distinct hydrophobic face, and the hydrophobic interactions are essential in maintenance of the bound ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Goodman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60201
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Raggi P, Chertow G, Block G, Urena P, Csiky B, Naso A, Nossuli K, Moustafa M, Goodman W, Lopez N, Downey G, Dehmel B, Floege J. 242: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effects of Cinacalcet Plus Low-Dose Vitamin D on Vascular Calcification in Hemodialysis Patients. Am J Kidney Dis 2010. [DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2010.02.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Shapiro W, Martinez C, Charytan C, Horowitz J, Tharpe D, Droge J, Ling X, Belozeroff V, Goodman W, Block G, Sprague S. 240: Treatment Patterns in Patients Progressing Through Later-Stage Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Baseline Data from a Prospective Observational Registry. Am J Kidney Dis 2008. [DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.02.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Moe S, Drüeke T, Cunningham J, Goodman W, Martin K, Olgaard K, Ott S, Sprague S, Lameire N, Eknoyan G. Definition, evaluation, and classification of renal osteodystrophy: a position statement from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Kidney Int 2006; 69:1945-53. [PMID: 16641930 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ki.5000414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1227] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances in mineral and bone metabolism are prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and are an important cause of morbidity, decreased quality of life, and extraskeletal calcification that have been associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. These disturbances have traditionally been termed renal osteodystrophy and classified based on bone biopsy. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) sponsored a Controversies Conference on Renal Osteodystrophy to (1) develop a clear, clinically relevant, and internationally acceptable definition and classification system, (2) develop a consensus for bone biopsy evaluation and classification, and (3) evaluate laboratory and imaging markers for the clinical assessment of patients with CKD. It is recommended that (1) the term renal osteodystrophy be used exclusively to define alterations in bone morphology associated with CKD, which can be further assessed by histomorphometry, and the results reported based on a unified classification system that includes parameters of turnover, mineralization, and volume, and (2) the term CKD-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD) be used to describe a broader clinical syndrome that develops as a systemic disorder of mineral and bone metabolism due to CKD, which is manifested by abnormalities in bone and mineral metabolism and/or extra-skeletal calcification. The international adoption of these recommendations will greatly enhance communication, facilitate clinical decision-making, and promote the evolution of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Moe
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Roudebush VAMC, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
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17
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Ramirez De Knott HM, McCormick TS, Do SO, Goodman W, Ghannoum MA, Cooper KD, Nedorost ST. Cutaneous hypersensitivity to Candida albicans in idiopathic vulvodynia. Contact Dermatitis 2005; 53:214-8. [PMID: 16191018 DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-1873.2005.00685.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have observed that the majority of our vulvodynia patients give a previous history of vaginal candidiasis that was treated but was followed by symptoms of chronic vulvodynia. 27 vulvodynia patients were patch-tested to a standard series of contact allergens, a customized vulvar series and commensal organisms including ultraviolet-killed Candida albicans. Comparison tests for the commensal organism were made to a group of 13 female atopic dermatitis patients and to 19 female dermatitis patients without a history of childhood flexural dermatitis who were undergoing patch test evaluation in our clinic. Patients reporting vulvodynia were significantly (P < 0.05) more likely to react to C. albicans than the dermatitis comparison group. Interestingly, lower concentrations of C. albicans caused more positive patch tests than higher concentrations. Our findings suggest that previous C. albicans infection may predispose patients to a subsequent hypersensitivity response to C. albicans that is expressed only in areas of high cutaneous peripheral fibre density. Low levels of C. albicans may also be required to elicit this response as high levels of C. albicans may actually result in decreased cutaneous inflammation and decreased intensity of C. albicans patch test responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haydee M Ramirez De Knott
- Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland,OH 44106,USA
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18
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Abstract
We have spectroscopically determined breath ammonia levels in seven patients with end-stage renal disease while they were undergoing hemodialysis at the University of California, Los Angeles, dialysis center. We correlated these measurements against simultaneously taken blood samples that were analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine, which are the accepted standards indicating the level of nitrogenous waste loading in a patient's bloodstream. Initial levels of breath ammonia, i.e., at the beginning of dialysis, are between 1,500 ppb and 2,000 ppb (parts per billion). These levels drop very sharply in the first 15-30 min as the dialysis proceeds. We found the reduction in breath ammonia concentration to be relatively slow from this point on to the end of dialysis treatment, at which point the levels tapered off at 150 to 200 ppb. For each breath ammonia measurement, taken at 15-30 min intervals during the dialysis, we also sampled the patient's blood for BUN and creatinine. The breath ammonia data were available in real time, whereas the BUN and creatinine data were available generally 24 h later from the laboratory. We found a good correlation between breath ammonia concentration and BUN and creatinine. For one of the patients, the correlation gave an R(2) of 0.95 for breath ammonia and BUN correlation and an R(2) of 0.83 for breath ammonia and creatinine correlation. These preliminary data indicate the possibility of using the real-time breath ammonia measurements for determining efficacy and endpoint of hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Narasimhan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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19
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Romano S, Goodman W, Tamura R, Gonzales J. Long-term treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder after an acute response: a comparison of fluoxetine versus placebo. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2001; 21:46-52. [PMID: 11199947 DOI: 10.1097/00004714-200102000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Few controlled studies have evaluated the long-term continuation of pharmacotherapy for relapse prevention in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This study assessed efficacy and safety of fluoxetine versus placebo in preventing relapse of OCD during a 52-week period in responders to short-term administration of fluoxetine. Patients who met DSM-IV criteria for OCD and had a Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale score > or = 19 were treated with single-blind fluoxetine 20, 40, or 60 mg/day (based on physician assessment of response and tolerability). After 20 weeks, responders were randomly assigned to receive continued treatment with fluoxetine or placebo and were monitored for relapse for up to 52 weeks. Of 130 patients who entered the study, 71 (55%) were randomly assigned to receive fluoxetine (N = 36) or placebo (N = 35). Patients who received fluoxetine had numerically lower relapse rates compared with those who received placebo, although the difference was not significant (Kaplan-Meier 1-year relapse rates: fluoxetine, 20.6%; placebo, 31.9%; one-tailed p value = 0.137). In additional analyses evaluating patients on the basis of fluoxetine dose at randomization, patients who continued treatment with fluoxetine 60 mg/day (N = 52) had significantly lower rates of relapse than those who were switched to placebo (Kaplan-Meier 1-year relapse rates: fluoxetine, 17.5%; placebo, 38.0%; one-tailed p value = 0.041). Those who responded to the acute treatment phase with 40 (N = 18) or 20 (N = 1) mg/day had low overall rates of relapse, and the difference between continued fluoxetine and placebo treatment for these patients was not significant. For responders to the 60 mg/day dosage, those patients who continued treatment with fluoxetine were provided greater protection against relapse than those patients switched to placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Romano
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, USA
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20
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Abstract
The epidemiological correlation between osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease is independent of age, but the basis for this correlation is unknown. We previously found that atherogenic oxidized lipids inhibit osteoblastic differentiation in vitro and ex vivo, suggesting that an atherogenic diet may contribute to both diseases. In this study, effects of an atherogenic high-fat diet versus control chow diet on bone were tested in two strains of mice with genetically different susceptibility to atherosclerosis and lipid oxidation. After 4 months and 7 months on the diets, mineral content and density were measured in excised femurs and lumbar vertebrae using peripheral quantitative computed tomographic (pQCT) scanning. In addition, expression of osteocalcin in marrow isolated from the mice after 4 months on the diets was examined. After 7 months, femoral mineral content in C57BL/6 atherosclerosis-susceptible mice on the high-fat diet was 43% lower (0.73 +/- 0.09 mg vs. 1.28 +/- 0.42 mg; p = 0.008), and mineral density was 15% lower compared with mice on the chow diet. Smaller deficits were observed after 4 months. Vertebral mineral content also was lower in the fat-fed C57BL/6 mice. These changes in the atherosclerosis-resistant, C3H/HeJ mice were smaller and mostly not significant. Osteocalcin expression was reduced in the marrow of high fat-fed C57BL/6 mice. These findings suggest that an atherogenic diet inhibits bone formation by blocking differentiation of osteoblast progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Parhami
- Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine, 90095-1679, USA
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21
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Brown SB, Brierley TT, Palanisamy N, Salusky IB, Goodman W, Brandi ML, Drüeke TB, Sarfati E, Ureña P, Chaganti RS, Pike JW, Arnold A. Vitamin D receptor as a candidate tumor-suppressor gene in severe hyperparathyroidism of uremia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85:868-72. [PMID: 10690903 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.85.2.6426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Most chronic renal failure patients with severe refractory hyperparathyroidism harbor at least one monoclonal parathyroid tumor, but the specific acquired genetic defects that confer this clonal selective advantage remain poorly understood. Somatic inactivation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene could contribute to clonal outgrowth, because a parathyroid cell containing this lesion would have an impaired response to the antiproliferative influence of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Furthermore, diminished expression of VDR protein has been described in uremia-associated parathyroid tumors. Therefore, to assess VDR gene inactivation's potential pathogenetic role in this disease, we rigorously analyzed the VDR gene in 59 parathyroid tumors surgically resected from uremic patients. First, Southern blotting and/or PCR analyses of 29 tumor samples from 14 genetically informative patients revealed no allelic losses at the VDR locus. Next, direct DNA sequencing of all VDR splice junctions, associated intronic sequences, and virtually the entire VDR-coding region for all 59 tumors revealed no acquired mutations. Last, 37 tumor DNA samples were subjected to comparative genomic hybridization, and no chromosomal losses in the VDR region (12cen-q12) were observed. These observations suggest that inactivating defects within the VDR gene do not commonly contribute to the primary pathogenesis of severe refractory hyperparathyroidism in uremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Brown
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington 06030-3101, USA
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22
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Abstract
Short-term reduction in plasma tryptophan (tryptophan depletion) produces a relapse of depressive symptoms in 60% of previously depressed patients recently recovered with serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment. Tryptophan depletion does not consistently increase depressive symptoms in unmedicated depressed patients or in depressed patients whose symptoms are remitted with a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. These data suggest that serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment itself may confer vulnerability to the development of depressive symptoms during tryptophan depletion. In order to further investigate this possibility, six healthy individuals underwent double-blind placebo-controlled tryptophan depletion before and following six weeks of treatment with fluoxetine 20 mg/day. No increased vulnerability to the mood-lowering effects of tryptophan depletion occurred as a result of fluoxetine treatment. Additionally, fluoxetine treatment itself was not associated with changes in mood or quality of life in these healthy volunteers. These data indicate that serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment alone does not produce the depressive effects of tryptophan depletion that are observed in serotonin reuptake inhibitor-treated depressed and obsessive compulsive disorder patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Barr
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Unit, Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Connecticut Mental Health Center, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
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23
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Bernstein CN, Seeger LL, Anton PA, Artinian L, Geffrey S, Goodman W, Belin TR, Shanahan F. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of calcium supplementation for decreased bone density in corticosteroid-using patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a pilot study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1996; 10:777-86. [PMID: 8899087 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.1996.63205000.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a high prevalence of osteoporosis. A number of studies have found that corticosteroid use is associated with the development of osteoporosis in these patients. Calcium supplementation may be of benefit in corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis and calcium may be a nutrient that patients with IBD lack. AIM To test the benefit of calcium supplementation on bone density in a pilot study over a 1-year period, in a group of corticosteroid-using patients with IBD, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled treatment study. METHODS Corticosteroid-using patients with IBD including males over the age of 18 years and premenopausal females, were randomized to receive either calcium carbonate 1000 mg plus vitamin D 250 IU (Oscal) or an identically matched placebo. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements of bone density were obtained at entry and at 1 year. At entry, and every 3 months thereafter, serum was collected for the measurement of haemoglobin, biochemistry and bone hormones. Simultaneously a 24-h urine collection was analysed for calcium excretion and creatinine clearance, and a 4-day food record was collected to document dietary calcium and vitamin D ingestion. RESULTS We found a high prevalence of moderately severe decreased bone density in corticosteroid-using patients with IBD. The dose of prednisone in the year prior to study entry was inversely correlated with bone density at the hip (R = -0.67, P = 0.004). At study entry serum osteocalcin was inversely correlated with corticosteroid dose in the year prior to the study (R = -0.64, P = 0.02) and at study end, directly correlated with the percentage change in spine bone density (R = 0.59, P = 0.01). The dietary calcium intake of these patients was close to the current RDA (recommended daily intake) for premenopausal, post-adolescent adults. Calcium supplementation with small extra doses of vitamin D conferred no obvious benefit to bone density at the end of 1 year. There was no correlation between oral calcium ingestion and bone mass measurements. Both the treatment and placebo groups' bone density remained relatively stable at 1 year, suggesting that bone loss in corticosteroid-using patients may peak early into the use of the corticosteroids. CONCLUSIONS Calcium supplementation (1000 mg/day) conferred no significant benefit to bone density at 1 year in patients with corticosteroid-using IBD patients with osteoporosis. Future investigations should explore other therapeutic avenues that may have greater effects on increasing bone density in patients who already have considerable osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Bernstein
- Department of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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24
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Couttenye MM, D'Haese PC, Van Hoof VO, Lemoniatou E, Goodman W, Verpooten GA, De Broe ME. Low serum levels of alkaline phosphatase of bone origin: a good marker of adynamic bone disease in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996. [DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.ndt.a027457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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25
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Couttenye MM, D'Haese PC, Van Hoof VO, Lemoniatou E, Goodman W, Verpooten GA, De Broe ME. Low serum levels of alkaline phosphatase of bone origin: a good marker of adynamic bone disease in haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1996; 11:1065-72. [PMID: 8671970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adynamic bone disease was recently described to be increasingly prevalent in the dialysis population. At present the diagnosis of this type of renal osteodystrophy can only be made by bone histomorphometry. We assessed the value of different biochemical serum markers in the diagnosis of adynamic bone disease. METHODS In 103 haemodialysis patients a bone biopsy was performed after double tetracycline labelling, and the serum levels of intact PTH, osteocalcin, and the bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase were determined. Bone alkaline phosphatase was measured by an optimized agarose gel electrophoretic method, recently shown to have a high accuracy, precision and reproducibility, also in the lower range. RESULTS In 38 (37%) of the patients the diagnosis of adynamic bone disease was histologically established. Constructing receiver operator curves optimal cut-off levels for the diagnosis of adynamic bone disease were determined, being <=27 U/litre for the bone isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase, <=14 microg/litre for osteocalcin and <=150 pg/ml for intact PTH. Concentrations of bone alkaline phosphatase or intact PTH below these cut-off levels, were shown to be the best performing tests in the detection of adynamic bone disease as indicated by a sensitivity of 78.1 and 80.6% and a specificity of 86.4 and 76.2% respectively. Applying Bayes' theorema, it was calculated that in the current haemodialysis population in which a prevalence of adynamic bone disease up to 35% has been described, the positive predictive values for the proposed cut-off values are 75% for bone alkaline phosphatase, 65% for intact PTH and 55% for osteocalcin. Moreover, in this population, levels of bone alkaline phosphatase and intact PTH below the optimal cut-off excluded hyperparathyroid bone disease. CONCLUSION In view of the relative easy and accurate methodology for bone alkaline phosphatase determination, the closer physiological link with osteoblast function and the lesser expense for its determination we suggest that this marker is a useful tool in the non-invasive diagnosis of the adynamic type of bone disease in the individual patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Couttenye
- Department of Nephrology-Hypertension, University of Antwerp, p/a University Hospital Antwerp, Wilrijkstraat 10, B-2650 Edegem/ Antwerpen, Belgium
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26
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Chappell P, Leckman J, Goodman W, Bissette G, Pauls D, Anderson G, Riddle M, Scahill L, McDougle C, Cohen D. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing factor in Tourette's syndrome: comparison to obsessive compulsive disorder and normal controls. Biol Psychiatry 1996; 39:776-83. [PMID: 8731518 DOI: 10.1016/0006-3223(95)00221-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Stress- and anxiety-related fluctuations in tic severity are cardinal features of Tourette's syndrome (TS), and there is evidence for involvement of noradrenergic mechanisms in the pathophysiology and treatment of the disorder. To examine further the pathobiology of this enhanced vulnerability to stress and anxiety, we measured central activity of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in patients with TS and the related condition, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was obtained in a standardized fashion for measurement of CRF from 21 medication-free outpatients with TS, 20 with OCD, and 29 healthy controls. The TS patients had significantly higher levels of CSF CRF than both the normal controls and the OCD patients. However, there was no difference in CSF CRF between the OCD patients and the normal controls. Group differences in CSF CRF were unrelated to current clinical ratings of depression, anxiety, tics, and obsessive compulsive behaviors. Although the functional significance of this finding remains to be elucidated, these results are consistent with the hypothesis that stress-related neurobiological mechanisms may play a role in the pathobiology of TS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Chappell
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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27
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Salusky IB, Goodman W. Skeletal response to intermittent calcitriol therapy in secondary hyperparathyroidism. Kidney Int Suppl 1996; 53:S135-9. [PMID: 8771008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- I B Salusky
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA School of Medicine, USA
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28
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Goodman W. Tuning in new parents. Can Nurse 1995; 91:22-6. [PMID: 8705983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to determine 1) whether obsessive-compulsive disorder is familial, 2) whether there is a familial relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder and Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome and chronic tics, and 3) whether different familial types of obsessive-compulsive disorder exist. METHOD In this family study, all available first-degree relatives of 100 probands with obsessive-compulsive disorder were interviewed directly with structured interviews, and best-estimate diagnoses were assigned. In addition to the 466 first-degree relatives of the probands, 113 comparison subjects who were first-degree relatives of 33 psychiatrically unaffected subjects were studied with the same interviews. RESULTS The rates of obsessive-compulsive disorder and subthreshold obsessive-compulsive disorder were significantly greater among the relatives of the probands with obsessive-compulsive disorder (10.3% and 7.9%, respectively) than among the comparison subjects (1.9% and 2.0%, respectively). Furthermore, the rate of tics (Tourette's disorder and chronic tics) was also significantly greater among the relatives of the probands (4.6%) than among the comparison subjects (1.0%). The relatives of female probands with obsessive-compulsive disorder were more likely to have tics, and the relatives of probands with early onset were at higher risk for both obsessive-compulsive disorder and tics. CONCLUSIONS Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a heterogeneous condition. Some cases are familial and related to tic disorders, some cases are familial and unrelated to tics, and in other cases there appears to be no family history of either obsessive-compulsive disorder or tics.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Pauls
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
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30
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Tollefson GD, Rampey AH, Potvin JH, Jenike MA, Rush AJ, kominguez RA, Koran LM, Shear MK, Goodman W, Genduso LA. A multicenter investigation of fixed-dose fluoxetine in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1994; 51:559-67. [PMID: 8031229 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950070051010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the effectiveness of fluoxetine hydrochloride at fixed doses of 20 mg/d, 40 mg/d, and 60 mg/d in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and to evaluate its safety. METHODS Fixed-dose fluoxetine hydrochloride (20 mg/d, 40 mg/d, 60 mg/d) was compared with placebo in two randomized, double-blind, parallel, 13-week trials of identical design in 355 outpatients with OCD aged 15 to 70 years (DSM-III-R criteria; 1 year's duration or longer; depression secondary if present). RESULTS Fluoxetine (all doses) was significantly (P < or = .001) superior to placebo on the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) total score (mean baseline-to-end-point decrease, 4.6, 5.5, and 6.5 vs 0.9, respectively, studies pooled) and other efficacy measures (P < or = .01). A trend suggesting greater efficacy at 60 mg/d was observed. Most patients (79.2%) completed the study. Eight adverse events were statistically significantly more frequent with fluoxetine and one, with placebo. For some events, incidence tended to increase with increasing dosage; however, few patients discontinued treatment for any single event. CONCLUSION Fluoxetine was associated with a statistically significant reduction in OCD severity, including time engaged in obsessional and/or compulsive behaviors. Adverse events infrequently led to study discontinuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Tollefson
- Psychopharmacology Division, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Ind
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31
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Mathias R, Salusky I, Harman W, Paredes A, Emans J, Segre G, Goodman W. Renal bone disease in pediatric and young adult patients on hemodialysis in a children's hospital. J Am Soc Nephrol 1993; 3:1938-46. [PMID: 8338926 DOI: 10.1681/asn.v3121938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal bone disease has been well defined in adult patients receiving chronic dialysis and in children on peritoneal dialysis/continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. However, little is known about the histologic features in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis in a children's hospital center. Twenty one patients, aged 17.5 +/- 1.5 yr, on hemodialysis for 35 +/- 6 months underwent iliac crest bone biopsies and deferoxamine infusion tests. Nineteen of 21 patients were receiving oral calcitriol. The 21 patients were classified by histomorphometry as follows: osteitis fibrosa, 5; mild hyperparathyroidism, 3; normal histology, 3; aplastic, 6; and mixed lesions, 4. Four of 21 patients were surface positive for aluminum, and seven other patients stained positive for iron in bone. Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels correlated directly with the bone formation rate (r = 0.84) and with eroded bone perimeter (r = 0.67). Eight of the nine patients with serum PTH levels above 125 pg/mL had marrow fibrosis. All patients with serum calcium levels < 10.0 mg/dL and serum PTH levels > 125 pg/mL had either osteitis fibrosa or mixed bone lesions--a group of patients that might benefit from aggressive vitamin D therapy. In contrast, an examination of patients with serum calcium levels > 10.0 mg/dL and serum PTH levels < 65 pg/mL correctly identified three out of three patients with aluminum-related bone disease. These findings suggest that measurements of serum intact PTH levels by the immunoradiometric assay method may be valuable in distinguishing high-turnover lesions from normal or low-turnover skeletal lesions in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mathias
- Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
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32
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Smith O, Goodman W. Open rhinoplasty: its past and future. J Otolaryngol 1993; 22:21-5. [PMID: 8445697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Open rhinoplasty is a surgical approach to the nose. This article will review the history of the open rhinoplasty technique, comment on its advantages and disadvantages, illustrate the surgical technique and review modifications and developments that have arisen. Although of primary concern to nasal surgeons, the open approach will be of interest to all surgeons, regardless of their area of focus.
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33
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Rotter M, Goodman W. The relationship between insight and control in obsessive-compulsive disorder: implications for the insanity defense. Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law 1993; 21:245-252. [PMID: 8364240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this paper the authors examine the relationship between insight and control in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in an effort to better understand the concept of volitional control of behavior especially as it relates to changes in the insanity defense that were recommended by the American Psychiatric Association (APA), specifically that the volitional prong be dropped. Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale ratings in 56 subjects with OCD were reviewed with specific attention to items measuring the patients' subjective sense of decreased volitional control over their compulsions and their insight into their behavior. No statistically significant correlation was found between the control over compulsions item and the insight item. The authors conclude that the experience of volitional control in patients with OCD is not significantly related to the level of insight they have into the irrationality of their behavior. The authors then review cognitive therapy literature and show that though cognition and volition may appear to be dissociated in some disorders, even in the absence of insight, a relatively gross measure of legally relevant cognitive disturbance, subtle cognitive changes can be identified in patients with seemingly purely volitional disorders such as OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rotter
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
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Goodman W, Rasmussen S, Price L, Mazure L, Heninger G, Charney D. Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Verhaltenstherapie 1991. [DOI: 10.1159/000257973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Hanrahan J, Goodman W, Rapagna S. Preparing mentally retarded students for mainstreaming: priorities of regular class and special school teachers. Am J Ment Retard 1990; 94:470-4. [PMID: 2317339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An inventory to assess instructional priorities when preparing young mentally retarded children for mainstreaming was administered to special school and regular class teachers. Regular class teachers placed a significantly higher priority on two of five academic areas and one of four behavioral problem areas than did the special school teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hanrahan
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counselling, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Goodman W. Nursing values. Nurs Times 1989; 85:54. [PMID: 2616283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Heninger GR, Charney DS, Price LH, Delgado P, Woods S, Goodman W. Effects of serotonergic agonists on neuroendocrine responses of rhesus monkeys and patients with depression and anxiety disorders. Psychopharmacol Ser 1989; 7:94-104. [PMID: 2687871 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-74430-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G R Heninger
- Abraham Ribicoff Research Facilities, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Tooke SM, Nugent PJ, Chotivichit A, Goodman W, Kabo JM. Comparison of in vivo cementless acetabular fixation. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1988:253-60. [PMID: 3416531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cementless fixation in total hip arthroplasty is increasingly popular because of the failure rates of cemented components, particularly in younger patients. The reported European studies with cementless acetabular implants and the relatively short-term American studies suggest that loosening is not a problem with any of the designs in clinical use. This point of view is reminiscent of that regarding cemented acetabular components prior to the realization that cemented acetabular failure was a delayed long-term phenomenon. Cementless acetabular components are principally of two types, threaded and porous coated. Prior to this study, there was little clinical or experimental evidence to indicate which design gains superior fixation and which is most likely to maintain long-term fixation and durability. Fixation of threaded and porous-coated components was evaluated mechanically and histologically in dogs after weight-bearing periods of two and six months. The threaded specimens were significantly looser than the porous-coated specimens at both two and six months. There was a trend toward loosening of both types of components with time. Fibrous tissue alone appeared to invest all of the threaded components, whereas bone and fibrous-tissue ingrowth appeared to incorporate the porous components. The mineral apposition rate for the components was not significantly different between the two components or between different regions in the specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Tooke
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, UCLA School of Medicine
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39
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Henkemeyer MJ, Gertler FB, Goodman W, Hoffmann FM. The Drosophila Abelson proto-oncogene homolog: identification of mutant alleles that have pleiotropic effects late in development. Cell 1987; 51:821-8. [PMID: 3119227 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The Abelson gene in Drosophila (abl) consists of ten exons extending over 26 kb of genomic DNA. The DNA sequence encodes a protein of 1520 amino acids with sequence homology to the human c-abl proto-oncogene product, beginning at the amino terminus and extending 656 amino acids through the region essential for tyrosine kinase activity. Mutant lesions in the abl gene were identified first by their failure to complement chromosomal deletions that overlap the abl DNA sequence and then by rescue of the mutant phenotypes with an abl minigene in transgenic flies. Elimination of abl zygotic function by mutations produces some recessive lethality at the pharate adult pupal stage, and mutant adults with reduced longevity, reduced fecundity, and an irregular pattern of retinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Henkemeyer
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
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Hoffmann FM, Goodman W. Identification in transgenic animals of the Drosophila decapentaplegic sequences required for embryonic dorsal pattern formation. Genes Dev 1987; 1:615-25. [PMID: 2824286 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1.6.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mutant alleles of the Drosophila decapentaplegic (dpp) gene affect embryonic dorsal-ventral pattern formation, larval viability, and adult cuticle formation from the imaginal disks. The dpp DNA required for this array of functions spans almost 50 kb. We report that the embryonic lethal, ventralizing alleles of the dpp gene are rescued in transgenic animals by an 8-kb fragment of the wild-type dpp DNA. Full rescue, from embryonic lethality to adult viability, is obtained in two situations: in animals hemizygous for the haplolethal dpp gene, and in animals hemizygous for either of two recessive embryonic lethal alleles. In embryos null for dpp, the transformation of dorsal cuticle to ventral cuticle is blocked by one copy of the dpp transposon; two copies permit the hatching of the larvae. The portion of dpp sufficient for these embryonic functions encodes a protein with homology to the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) family of proteins (Padgett et al. 1987). The larval and imaginal disk functions of dpp are not rescued by the 8-kb portion of the gene and must require additional sequences from the 50 kb of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- F M Hoffmann
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
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Abstract
An epidemic of HBsAg positive hepatitis involving the dialysis unit of the Seattle Veterans Administration Medical Center is described. 6 patients and 4 staff members were affected: there were four patient deaths. The source of HBsAg was identified as a chronic in-center peritoneal dialysis patient in whom both serum and peritoneal fluid were persistently HBsAg positive. Surveillance data documented heavy population exposure to HBsAg at the time of this patient's presence in the dialysis setting. We have subsequently identified 2 other patients with HBsAg positive peritoneal effluent. Peritoneal dialysis of HBsAg positive individuals represents a significant risk for the transmission of HBsAg and clinical hepatitis.
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Gilbert LI, Bollenbacher WE, Goodman W, Smith SL, Agui N, Granger N, Sedlak BJ. Hormones controlling insect metamorphosis. Recent Prog Horm Res 1980; 36:401-449. [PMID: 6251519 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-571136-4.50017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Ruderman RJ, Poehling GG, Gray R, Nardone M, Goodman W, Seigler HF. Orthopedic complications of renal transplantation in children. Transplant Proc 1979; 11:104-6. [PMID: 377607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Goodman W, O'Hern PA, Zaugg RH, Gilbert LI. Purification and characterization of a juvenile hormone binding protein from the hemolymph of the fourth instar tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1978; 11:225-42. [PMID: 680342 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(78)90010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A protein which binds the insect juvenile hormone has been isolated from the hemolymph of the fourth instar tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera). Bioassay and chemical characterization of the bound ligand from the purified binding protein indicates that this molecule is the primary macromolecule responsible for juvenile hormone transport in the hemolymph of this insect. The juvenile hormone binding protein has been purified using gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The protein is a single polypeptide chain of about 28,000 daltons with a sedimentation coefficient of 2.2S and an isoelectric point of 5.0. Binding analysis using a hydroxyapatite batch assay indicates that the juvenile hormone binding protein has one binding site with a Ka of 1.2 times 10(7) M-1 at 4 degrees C.
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Goodman W, Gilbert LI. The hemolymph titer of juvenile hormone binding protein and binding sites during the fourth larval instar of Manduca sexta. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1978; 35:27-34. [PMID: 658657 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(78)90165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Kreutler PA, Varbanov V, Goodman W, Olaya G, Stanbury JB. Interactions of protein deficiency, cyanide, and thiocyanate on thyroid function in neonatal and adult rats. Am J Clin Nutr 1978; 31:282-9. [PMID: 74949 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/31.2.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
The in vitro secretory product of larval Sarcophage bullata ring glands has been identified as 2beta, 3beta, 14alpha, 22R, 25-pentahydroxy-5beta-cholest-7-en-6-one (alpha-ecdysone). Mid to late 3rd instar larval ecdysones were isolated and identified as 2beta, 3beta, 14alpha, 20R, 22R, 25-hexahydroxy-5beta-cholest-7-en-6-one (beta-ecdysone) and alpha-ecdysone at a ratio of 27:1. The low level of alpha-ecdysone in vivo, relative to its exclusive in vitro synthesis and secretion by the ring glands, is a function of the very active C20 hydroxylation mechanism in tissues peripheral to the ring gland. The role of alpha-ecdysone as a prohormone in dipteran metamorphosis is discussed.
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Hammock B, Nowock J, Goodman W, Stamoudis V, Gilbert LI. The influence of hemolymph-binding protein on juvenile hormone stability and distribution in Manduca sexta fat body and imaginal discs in vitro. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1975; 3:167-84. [PMID: 171183 DOI: 10.1016/0303-7207(75)90043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The wing discs and fat body of Manduca sexta larvae contain enzymes (i.e. carboxylesterase and epoxide hydratase) that can convert the C18 juvenile hormone (JH) to the acid, diol and acid diol. No evidence of oxidative degradation was noted. In vitro studies suggest that JH can be compartmentalized within the cells of the fat body where it is less accessible to degradative mechanisms. Experiments utilizing a hemolymph-binding protein fraction (BPF) in vitro with fat body and imaginal discs indicate that the BPF retards the uptake of JH by tissues and its subsequent degradation by tissue enzymes. BPF also appears to protect JH from degradation by enzymes released into the medium. By these mechanisms the insect can maintain elevated JH titers for relatively long periods. Binding protein may also keep JH in solution in the hemolymph allowing its rapid distribution throughout the insect. The data suggest that the binding protein plays a key role in maintaining juvenile hormone titers.
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