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Nelson W, Murariu D, Moreira AA. Indocyanine green guided near-infrared fluorescence (ICG-NIRF) enhances vascular anatomy in robotic assisted DIEP flap harvest. Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; Publish Ahead of Print:00006534-990000000-01994. [PMID: 37335588 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000010831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY ICG-NIRF imaging has gained clinical acceptance lately. This technology can be particularly advantageous in the case of robotic flap harvest. This paper presents a new approach to deep epigastric pedicle dissection using ICG-NIRF in the setting of robotic assisted DIEP flaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Nelson
- Chief of Surgery West Penn Hospital Associate Director Allegheny Health Network General Surgery Residency
| | - Daniel Murariu
- Director of Microsurgery and Lymphatic Surgery Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA Clinical Associate Professor Department of Plastic Surgery University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
| | - Andrea A Moreira
- Director of Breast Reconstructive Surgery Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA Clinical Assistant Professor The Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University Adjunct Staff - Dermatology and Plastic Surgery Institute Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Kurtz MA, Yang R, Elapolu MSR, Wessinger AC, Nelson W, Alaniz K, Rai R, Gilbert JL. Predicting Corrosion Damage in the Human Body Using Artificial Intelligence: In Vitro Progress and Future Applications. Orthop Clin North Am 2023; 54:169-192. [PMID: 36894290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocl.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) is used in the clinic to improve patient care. While the successes illustrate AI's impact, few studies have led to improved clinical outcomes. In this review, we focus on how AI models implemented in nonorthopedic fields of corrosion science may apply to the study of orthopedic alloys. We first define and introduce fundamental AI concepts and models, as well as physiologically relevant corrosion damage modes. We then systematically review the corrosion/AI literature. Finally, we identify several AI models that may be implemented to study fretting, crevice, and pitting corrosion of titanium and cobalt chrome alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Kurtz
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA; The Clemson University-Medical University of South Carolina Bioengineering Program, 68 President Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Ruoyu Yang
- Department of Automotive Engineering, Clemson University, 4 Research Drive, Greenville, SC 29607, USA
| | - Mohan S R Elapolu
- Department of Automotive Engineering, Clemson University, 4 Research Drive, Greenville, SC 29607, USA
| | - Audrey C Wessinger
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA; The Clemson University-Medical University of South Carolina Bioengineering Program, 68 President Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - William Nelson
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA; The Clemson University-Medical University of South Carolina Bioengineering Program, 68 President Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kazzandra Alaniz
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA; The Clemson University-Medical University of South Carolina Bioengineering Program, 68 President Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Rahul Rai
- Department of Automotive Engineering, Clemson University, 4 Research Drive, Greenville, SC 29607, USA
| | - Jeremy L Gilbert
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA; The Clemson University-Medical University of South Carolina Bioengineering Program, 68 President Street, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Schambow R, Giménez-Lirola LG, Hanh VD, Huong LTL, Lan NT, Trang PH, Luc DD, Bo HX, Chuong VD, Rauh R, Nelson W, Mora-Díaz JC, Rovira A, Culhane MR, Perez AM. Modeling the accuracy of a novel PCR and antibody ELISA for African swine fever virus detection using Bayesian latent class analysis. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1079918. [PMID: 36908521 PMCID: PMC9995851 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1079918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diagnostic test evaluation for African swine fever (ASF) in field settings like Vietnam is critical to understanding test application in intended populations for surveillance and control strategies. Bayesian latent class analysis (BLCA) uses the results of multiple imperfect tests applied to an individual of unknown disease status to estimate the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of each test, forgoing the need for a reference test. Methods Here, we estimated and compared the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of a novel indirect ELISA (iELISA) for ASF virus p30 antibody (Innoceleris LLC.) and the VetAlert™ ASF virus DNA Test Kit (qPCR, Tetracore Inc.) in field samples from Vietnam by assuming that disease status 1) is known and 2) is unknown using a BLCA model. In this cross-sectional study, 398 paired, individual swine serum/oral fluid (OF) samples were collected from 30 acutely ASF-affected farms, 37 chronically ASF-affected farms, and 20 ASF-unaffected farms in Vietnam. Samples were tested using both diagnostic assays. Diagnostic sensitivity was calculated assuming samples from ASF-affected farms were true positives and diagnostic sensitivity by assuming samples from unaffected farms were true negatives. ROC curves were plotted and AUC calculated for each test/sample combination. For comparison, a conditionally dependent, four test/sample combination, three population BLCA model was fit. Results When considering all assumed ASF-affected samples, qPCR sensitivity was higher for serum (65.2%, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 58.1-71.8) and OF (52%, 95%CI 44.8-59.2) compared to the iELISA (serum: 42.9%, 95%CI 35.9-50.1; OF: 33.3%, 95%CI 26.8-40.4). qPCR-serum had the highest AUC (0.895, 95%CI 0.863-0.928). BLCA estimates were nearly identical to those obtained when assuming disease status and were robust to changes in priors. qPCR sensitivity was considerably higher than ELISA in the acutely-affected population, while ELISA sensitivity was higher in the chronically-affected population. Specificity was nearly perfect for all test/sample types. Discussion The effect of disease chronicity on sensitivity and specificity could not be well characterized here due to limited data, but future studies should aim to elucidate these trends to understand the best use of virus and antibody detection methods for ASF. Results presented here will help the design of surveillance and control strategies in Vietnam and other countries affected by ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Schambow
- Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | | | - Vu Duc Hanh
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Lai Thi Lan Huong
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Lan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Pham Hong Trang
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Do Duc Luc
- Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ha Xuan Bo
- Faculty of Animal Science, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vo Dinh Chuong
- Vietnam Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Rolf Rauh
- Tetracore, Inc., Rockville, MD, United States
| | | | - Juan Carlos Mora-Díaz
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Albert Rovira
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States.,Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Marie R Culhane
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States.,Secure Food Systems Team, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Andres M Perez
- Center for Animal Health and Food Safety, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
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McClure R, Farris Y, Danczak R, Nelson W, Song HS, Kessell A, Lee JY, Couvillion S, Henry C, Jansson JK, Hofmockel KS. Interaction Networks Are Driven by Community-Responsive Phenotypes in a Chitin-Degrading Consortium of Soil Microbes. mSystems 2022; 7:e0037222. [PMID: 36154140 PMCID: PMC9599572 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00372-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil microorganisms provide key ecological functions that often rely on metabolic interactions between individual populations of the soil microbiome. To better understand these interactions and community processes, we used chitin, a major carbon and nitrogen source in soil, as a test substrate to investigate microbial interactions during its decomposition. Chitin was applied to a model soil consortium that we developed, "model soil consortium-2" (MSC-2), consisting of eight members of diverse phyla and including both chitin degraders and nondegraders. A multiomics approach revealed how MSC-2 community-level processes during chitin decomposition differ from monocultures of the constituent species. Emergent properties of both species and the community were found, including changes in the chitin degradation potential of Streptomyces species and organization of all species into distinct roles in the chitin degradation process. The members of MSC-2 were further evaluated via metatranscriptomics and community metabolomics. Intriguingly, the most abundant members of MSC-2 were not those that were able to metabolize chitin itself, but rather those that were able to take full advantage of interspecies interactions to grow on chitin decomposition products. Using a model soil consortium greatly increased our knowledge of how carbon is decomposed and metabolized in a community setting, showing that niche size, rather than species metabolic capacity, can drive success and that certain species become active carbon degraders only in the context of their surrounding community. These conclusions fill important knowledge gaps that are key to our understanding of community interactions that support carbon and nitrogen cycling in soil. IMPORTANCE The soil microbiome performs many functions that are key to ecology, agriculture, and nutrient cycling. However, because of the complexity of this ecosystem we do not know the molecular details of the interactions between microbial species that lead to these important functions. Here, we use a representative but simplified model community of bacteria to understand the details of these interactions. We show that certain species act as primary degraders of carbon sources and that the most successful species are likely those that can take the most advantage of breakdown products, not necessarily the primary degraders. We also show that a species phenotype, including whether it is a primary degrader or not, is driven in large part by the membership of the community it resides in. These conclusions are critical to a better understanding of the soil microbial interaction network and how these interactions drive central soil microbiome functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan McClure
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Yuliya Farris
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Robert Danczak
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - William Nelson
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Hyun-Seob Song
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Aimee Kessell
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Joon-Yong Lee
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Sneha Couvillion
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Christopher Henry
- Data Science and Learning Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
| | - Janet K. Jansson
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Kirsten S. Hofmockel
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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5
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Neuman MD, Feng R, Ellenberg SS, Sieber F, Sessler DI, Magaziner J, Elkassabany N, Schwenk ES, Dillane D, Marcantonio ER, Menio D, Ayad S, Hassan M, Stone T, Papp S, Donegan D, Marshall M, Jaffe JD, Luke C, Sharma B, Azim S, Hymes R, Chin KJ, Sheppard R, Perlman B, Sappenfield J, Hauck E, Hoeft MA, Tierney A, Gaskins LJ, Horan AD, Brown T, Dattilo J, Carson JL, Looke T, Bent S, Franco-Mora A, Hedrick P, Newbern M, Tadros R, Pealer K, Vlassakov K, Buckley C, Gavin L, Gorbatov S, Gosnell J, Steen T, Vafai A, Zeballos J, Hruslinski J, Cardenas L, Berry A, Getchell J, Quercetti N, Bajracharya G, Billow D, Bloomfield M, Cuko E, Elyaderani MK, Hampton R, Honar H, Khoshknabi D, Kim D, Krahe D, Lew MM, Maheshwer CB, Niazi A, Saha P, Salih A, de Swart RJ, Volio A, Bolkus K, DeAngelis M, Dodson G, Gerritsen J, McEniry B, Mitrev L, Kwofie MK, Belliveau A, Bonazza F, Lloyd V, Panek I, Dabiri J, Chavez C, Craig J, Davidson T, Dietrichs C, Fleetwood C, Foley M, Getto C, Hailes S, Hermes S, Hooper A, Koener G, Kohls K, Law L, Lipp A, Losey A, Nelson W, Nieto M, Rogers P, Rutman S, Scales G, Sebastian B, Stanciu T, Lobel G, Giampiccolo M, Herman D, Kaufman M, Murphy B, Pau C, Puzio T, Veselsky M, Apostle K, Boyer D, Fan BC, Lee S, Lemke M, Merchant R, Moola F, Payne K, Perey B, Viskontas D, Poler M, D'Antonio P, O'Neill G, Abdullah A, Fish-Fuhrmann J, Giska M, Fidkowski C, Guthrie ST, Hakeos W, Hayes L, Hoegler J, Nowak K, Beck J, Cuff J, Gaski G, Haaser S, Holzman M, Malekzadeh AS, Ramsey L, Schulman J, Schwartzbach C, Azefor T, Davani A, Jaberi M, Masear C, Haider SB, Chungu C, Ebrahimi A, Fikry K, Marcantonio A, Shelvan A, Sanders D, Clarke C, Lawendy A, Schwartz G, Garg M, Kim J, Caruci J, Commeh E, Cuevas R, Cuff G, Franco L, Furgiuele D, Giuca M, Allman M, Barzideh O, Cossaro J, D'Arduini A, Farhi A, Gould J, Kafel J, Patel A, Peller A, Reshef H, Safur M, Toscano F, Tedore T, Akerman M, Brumberger E, Clark S, Friedlander R, Jegarl A, Lane J, Lyden JP, Mehta N, Murrell MT, Painter N, Ricci W, Sbrollini K, Sharma R, Steel PAD, Steinkamp M, Weinberg R, Wellman DS, Nader A, Fitzgerald P, Ritz M, Bryson G, Craig A, Farhat C, Gammon B, Gofton W, Harris N, Lalonde K, Liew A, Meulenkamp B, Sonnenburg K, Wai E, Wilkin G, Troxell K, Alderfer ME, Brannen J, Cupitt C, Gerhart S, McLin R, Sheidy J, Yurick K, Chen F, Dragert K, Kiss G, Malveaux H, McCloskey D, Mellender S, Mungekar SS, Noveck H, Sagebien C, Biby L, McKelvy G, Richards A, Abola R, Ayala B, Halper D, Mavarez A, Rizwan S, Choi S, Awad I, Flynn B, Henry P, Jenkinson R, Kaustov L, Lappin E, McHardy P, Singh A, Donnelly J, Gonzalez M, Haydel C, Livelsberger J, Pazionis T, Slattery B, Vazquez-Trejo M, Baratta J, Cirullo M, Deiling B, Deschamps L, Glick M, Katz D, Krieg J, Lessin J, Mojica J, Torjman M, Jin R, Salpeter MJ, Powell M, Simmons J, Lawson P, Kukreja P, Graves S, Sturdivant A, Bryant A, Crump SJ, Verrier M, Green J, Menon M, Applegate R, Arias A, Pineiro N, Uppington J, Wolinsky P, Gunnett A, Hagen J, Harris S, Hollen K, Holloway B, Horodyski MB, Pogue T, Ramani R, Smith C, Woods A, Warrick M, Flynn K, Mongan P, Ranganath Y, Fernholz S, Ingersoll-Weng E, Marian A, Seering M, Sibenaller Z, Stout L, Wagner A, Walter A, Wong C, Orwig D, Goud M, Helker C, Mezenghie L, Montgomery B, Preston P, Schwartz JS, Weber R, Fleisher LA, Mehta S, Stephens-Shields AJ, Dinh C, Chelly JE, Goel S, Goncz W, Kawabe T, Khetarpal S, Monroe A, Shick V, Breidenstein M, Dominick T, Friend A, Mathews D, Lennertz R, Sanders R, Akere H, Balweg T, Bo A, Doro C, Goodspeed D, Lang G, Parker M, Rettammel A, Roth M, White M, Whiting P, Allen BFS, Baker T, Craven D, McEvoy M, Turnbo T, Kates S, Morgan M, Willoughby T, Weigel W, Auyong D, Fox E, Welsh T, Cusson B, Dobson S, Edwards C, Harris L, Henshaw D, Johnson K, McKinney G, Miller S, Reynolds J, Segal BS, Turner J, VanEenenaam D, Weller R, Lei J, Treggiari M, Akhtar S, Blessing M, Johnson C, Kampp M, Kunze K, O'Connor M, Looke T, Tadros R, Vlassakov K, Cardenas L, Bolkus K, Mitrev L, Kwofie MK, Dabiri J, Lobel G, Poler M, Giska M, Sanders D, Schwartz G, Giuca M, Tedore T, Nader A, Bryson G, Troxell K, Kiss G, Choi S, Powell M, Applegate R, Warrick M, Ranganath Y, Chelly JE, Lennertz R, Sanders R, Allen BFS, Kates S, Weigel W, Li J, Wijeysundera DN, Kheterpal S, Moore RH, Smith AK, Tosi LL, Looke T, Mehta S, Fleisher L, Hruslinski J, Ramsey L, Langlois C, Mezenghie L, Montgomery B, Oduwole S, Rose T. Pain, Analgesic Use, and Patient Satisfaction With Spinal Versus General Anesthesia for Hip Fracture Surgery : A Randomized Clinical Trial. Ann Intern Med 2022; 175:952-960. [PMID: 35696684 DOI: 10.7326/m22-0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The REGAIN (Regional versus General Anesthesia for Promoting Independence after Hip Fracture) trial found similar ambulation and survival at 60 days with spinal versus general anesthesia for hip fracture surgery. Trial outcomes evaluating pain, prescription analgesic use, and patient satisfaction have not yet been reported. OBJECTIVE To compare pain, analgesic use, and satisfaction after hip fracture surgery with spinal versus general anesthesia. DESIGN Preplanned secondary analysis of a pragmatic randomized trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02507505). SETTING 46 U.S. and Canadian hospitals. PARTICIPANTS Patients aged 50 years or older undergoing hip fracture surgery. INTERVENTION Spinal or general anesthesia. MEASUREMENTS Pain on postoperative days 1 through 3; 60-, 180-, and 365-day pain and prescription analgesic use; and satisfaction with care. RESULTS A total of 1600 patients were enrolled. The average age was 78 years, and 77% were women. A total of 73.5% (1050 of 1428) of patients reported severe pain during the first 24 hours after surgery. Worst pain over the first 24 hours after surgery was greater with spinal anesthesia (rated from 0 [no pain] to 10 [worst pain imaginable]; mean difference, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.12 to 0.68]). Pain did not differ across groups at other time points. Prescription analgesic use at 60 days occurred in 25% (141 of 563) and 18.8% (108 of 574) of patients assigned to spinal and general anesthesia, respectively (relative risk, 1.33 [CI, 1.06 to 1.65]). Satisfaction was similar across groups. LIMITATION Missing outcome data and multiple outcomes assessed. CONCLUSION Severe pain is common after hip fracture. Spinal anesthesia was associated with more pain in the first 24 hours after surgery and more prescription analgesic use at 60 days compared with general anesthesia. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Neuman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, and Center for Perioperative Outcomes Research and Transformation, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.D.N., N.E., L.J.G.)
| | - Rui Feng
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, and Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (R.F., S.S.E.)
| | - Susan S Ellenberg
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, and Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (R.F., S.S.E.)
| | - Frederick Sieber
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland (F.S.)
| | - Daniel I Sessler
- Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (D.I.S., S. Ayad, M.H.)
| | - Jay Magaziner
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (J.M.)
| | - Nabil Elkassabany
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, and Center for Perioperative Outcomes Research and Transformation, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.D.N., N.E., L.J.G.)
| | - Eric S Schwenk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (E.S.S.)
| | - Derek Dillane
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (D. Dillane)
| | - Edward R Marcantonio
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts (E.R.M.)
| | - Diane Menio
- Center for Advocacy for the Rights and Interests of the Elderly, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (D.M.)
| | - Sabry Ayad
- Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (D.I.S., S. Ayad, M.H.)
| | - Manal Hassan
- Department of Outcomes Research, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio (D.I.S., S. Ayad, M.H.)
| | - Trevor Stone
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada (T.S.)
| | - Steven Papp
- Division of Orthopaedics, Ottawa Hospital Civic Campus, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (S.P.)
| | - Derek Donegan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (D. Donegan)
| | - Mitchell Marshall
- Department of Anesthesiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York (M.M.)
| | - J Douglas Jaffe
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (J.D.J.)
| | - Charles Luke
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (C.L.)
| | - Balram Sharma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, Massachusetts (B.S.)
| | - Syed Azim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York (S. Azim)
| | - Robert Hymes
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, Virginia (R.H.)
| | - Ki-Jinn Chin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (K.C.)
| | - Richard Sheppard
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut (R.S.)
| | - Barry Perlman
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon (B.P.)
| | - Joshua Sappenfield
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida (J.S.)
| | - Ellen Hauck
- Department of Anesthesiology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (E.H.)
| | - Mark A Hoeft
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont (M.A.H.)
| | - Ann Tierney
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.T., T.B., J.D.)
| | - Lakisha J Gaskins
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, and Center for Perioperative Outcomes Research and Transformation, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (M.D.N., N.E., L.J.G.)
| | - Annamarie D Horan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.D.H.)
| | - Trina Brown
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.T., T.B., J.D.)
| | - James Dattilo
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (A.T., T.B., J.D.)
| | - Jeffrey L Carson
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey (J.L.C.)
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Kumar P, Hama S, Abbass RA, Nogueira T, Brand VS, Wu HW, Abulude FO, Adelodun AA, Anand P, Andrade MDF, Apondo W, Asfaw A, Aziz KH, Cao SJ, El-Gendy A, Indu G, Kehbila AG, Ketzel M, Khare M, Kota SH, Mamo T, Manyozo S, Martinez J, McNabola A, Morawska L, Mustafa F, Muula AS, Nahian S, Nardocci AC, Nelson W, Ngowi AV, Njoroge G, Olaya Y, Omer K, Osano P, Sarkar Pavel MR, Salam A, Santos ELC, Sitati C, Shiva Nagendra SM. In-kitchen aerosol exposure in twelve cities across the globe. Environ Int 2022; 162:107155. [PMID: 35278800 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Poor ventilation and polluting cooking fuels in low-income homes cause high exposure, yet relevant global studies are limited. We assessed exposure to in-kitchen particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) employing similar instrumentation in 60 low-income homes across 12 cities: Dhaka (Bangladesh); Chennai (India); Nanjing (China); Medellín (Colombia); São Paulo (Brazil); Cairo (Egypt); Sulaymaniyah (Iraq); Addis Ababa (Ethiopia); Akure (Nigeria); Blantyre (Malawi); Dar-es-Salaam (Tanzania) and Nairobi (Kenya). Exposure profiles of kitchen occupants showed that fuel, kitchen volume, cooking type and ventilation were the most prominent factors affecting in-kitchen exposure. Different cuisines resulted in varying cooking durations and disproportional exposures. Occupants in Dhaka, Nanjing, Dar-es-Salaam and Nairobi spent > 40% of their cooking time frying (the highest particle emitting cooking activity) compared with ∼ 68% of time spent boiling/stewing in Cairo, Sulaymaniyah and Akure. The highest average PM2.5 (PM10) concentrations were in Dhaka 185 ± 48 (220 ± 58) μg m-3 owing to small kitchen volume, extensive frying and prolonged cooking compared with the lowest in Medellín 10 ± 3 (14 ± 2) μg m-3. Dual ventilation (mechanical and natural) in Chennai, Cairo and Sulaymaniyah reduced average in-kitchen PM2.5 and PM10 by 2.3- and 1.8-times compared with natural ventilation (open doors) in Addis Ababa, Dar-es-Salam and Nairobi. Using charcoal during cooking (Addis Ababa, Blantyre and Nairobi) increased PM2.5 levels by 1.3- and 3.1-times compared with using natural gas (Nanjing, Medellin and Cairo) and LPG (Chennai, Sao Paulo and Sulaymaniyah), respectively. Smaller-volume kitchens (<15 m3; Dhaka and Nanjing) increased cooking exposure compared with their larger-volume counterparts (Medellin, Cairo and Sulaymaniyah). Potential exposure doses were highest for Asian, followed by African, Middle-eastern and South American homes. We recommend increased cooking exhaust extraction, cleaner fuels, awareness on improved cooking practices and minimising passive occupancy in kitchens to mitigate harmful cooking emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Kumar
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom; Department of Civil, Structural & Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; School of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Sarkawt Hama
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Rana Alaa Abbass
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Thiago Nogueira
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom; Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas - Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas - IAG, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Veronika S Brand
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom; Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas - Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas - IAG, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Huai-Wen Wu
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom; School of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Adedeji A Adelodun
- Department of Marine Science and Technology, The Federal University of Technology Akure, 340001, Nigeria
| | - Partibha Anand
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
| | - Maria de Fatima Andrade
- Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas - Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas - IAG, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Araya Asfaw
- Physics Department, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | - Kosar Hama Aziz
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Shi-Jie Cao
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom; School of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ahmed El-Gendy
- Department of Construction Engineering, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Gopika Indu
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | | | - Matthias Ketzel
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom; Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Mukesh Khare
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
| | - Sri Harsha Kota
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India
| | - Tesfaye Mamo
- Physics Department, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Aonghus McNabola
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom; Department of Civil, Structural & Environmental Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lidia Morawska
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, United Kingdom; International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fryad Mustafa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | | | - Samiha Nahian
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | | | - William Nelson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania
| | - Aiwerasia V Ngowi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Tanzania
| | | | - Yris Olaya
- Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia
| | - Khalid Omer
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | | | - Md Riad Sarkar Pavel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Abdus Salam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Erik Luan Costa Santos
- Department of Environmental Health - School of Public Health - University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - S M Shiva Nagendra
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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7
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He C, Nelson W, Li H, Xu YD, Dai XJ, Wang YX, Ding YB, Li YP, Li T. Frequency of MED12 Mutation in Relation to Tumor and Patient's Clinical Characteristics: a Meta-analysis. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:357-365. [PMID: 33569750 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00473-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Mediator complex subunit 12 (MED12) is the most frequently mutated gene in uterine leiomyomas (ULs)-with a frequency of up to 85%-suggesting that it plays key roles in the pathogenesis of ULs. However, there is no established relationship between genetic alteration and other risk factors of UL pathogenesis such as the patient's age, weight, and race. In this meta-analysis, we established an association between these risk factors and the frequency of MED12 mutation. We also established the relationship between MED12 mutation with the number and size of tumors in a patient. A systematic literature search was performed for studies published by May 2020 and performed a meta-analysis according to PRISMA guidelines. Twenty-five studies were included in the analysis, representing 3151 tissue samples. MED12 mutations were more common in Black (74.5%) as compared to White (65.8%) and Asian (53.2%) patients. There was no significant relationship between the patient's age and the frequency of mutations (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.38 to 1.41). MED12 mutations were common in patients barring small-sized (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.95) multiple (OR 0.39, 95% CI 0.17 to 0.92) tumors. For the patient's weight, studies were few and the outcome was not statistically significant. This meta-analysis provides valuable information on the relationship between the patient's clinical characteristics and frequency of MED12 mutation among patients barring ULs, which is relevant for understanding the pathogenesis of ULs.Protocol registration: The protocol was registered in PROSPERO with registration number CRD42019123439.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - William Nelson
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es salaam, Tanzania
| | - Hui Li
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.,Reproductive Department of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.,The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Ya-Dong Xu
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.,The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Dai
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.,The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China
| | - Ying-Xiong Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Bin Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Ping Li
- Reproductive Department of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410000, Hunan, China.
| | - Tian Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China. .,The Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Mora-Díaz JC, Temeeyasen G, Magtoto R, Rauh R, Nelson W, Carrillo-Ávila JA, Zimmerman J, Piñeyro P, Giménez-Lirola L. Infection and immune response to porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus in grower pigs. Vet Microbiol 2020; 253:108958. [PMID: 33387911 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV) is the cause of acute outbreaks of vomiting and wasting disease and/or encephalomyelitis in neonatal pigs, with naïve herds particularly vulnerable to clinical episodes. PHEV infections in older pigs are generally considered to be subclinical, but are poorly characterized in the refereed literature. In this study, twelve 7-week-old pigs were oronasally inoculated with 0.5 mL (1:128 HA titer) PHEV (Mengeling strain) and then followed through 42 days post inoculation (dpi). Fecal and oral fluid specimens were collected daily to evaluate viral shedding. Serum samples were tested for viremia, isotype-specific antibody responses, cytokine, and chemokine responses. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated to evaluate phenotype changes in immune cell subpopulations. No clinical signs were observed in PHEV inoculated pigs, but virus was detected in oral fluid (1-28 dpi) and feces (1-10 dpi). No viremia was detected, but a significant IFN-α response was observed in serum at 3 dpi, followed by the detection of IgM (dpi 7), and IgA/IgG (dpi 10). Flow cytometry revealed a one-off increase in cytotoxic T cells at 21 dpi. This study demonstrated that exposure of grower pigs to PHEV results in subclinical infection characterized by active viral replication and shedding followed by an active humoral and cell-mediated immune response that attenuates the course of the infection and results in viral clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Mora-Díaz
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Gun Temeeyasen
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ronaldo Magtoto
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jeffrey Zimmerman
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Pablo Piñeyro
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Luis Giménez-Lirola
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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9
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Malale K, Fu J, Nelson W, Gemuhay HM, Gan X, Mei Z. Potential Benefits of Multimedia-Based Home Catheter Management Education in Patients With Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e17899. [PMID: 33300884 PMCID: PMC7759441 DOI: 10.2196/17899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, there have been many suggestions to use multimedia as a strategy to fully meet the educational needs of patients with peripherally inserted central catheters. However, the potential benefits remain unreliable in the literature. Objective In this study, we identified the potential benefits of multimedia-based home catheter management education in patients with peripherally inserted central catheters and discussed the clinical implications. Methods We performed systematic searches of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase Ovid, Medline, BioMed Central-cancer (BMC-cancer), ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases without date constraints until November 30, 2019. The methodological quality of the eligible studies was appraised using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Narrative synthesis of the study findings was conducted. Results A total of 6 intervention studies met the inclusion criteria, including 3 randomized controlled trials and 3 case-control studies/quasi-experimental studies. The studies included a total of 355 subjects, including a total of 175 in the multimedia groups and 180 in the control groups. We identified 4 potential benefits to patients: (1) improved knowledge, (2) increased satisfaction, (3) reduced incidence of catheter-related complications, and (4) reduced number of cases of delayed care after complications. Conclusions The current systematic review highlights the potential benefits of multimedia-based home catheter management education for patients with peripherally inserted central catheters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kija Malale
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jili Fu
- Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - William Nelson
- School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Helena Marco Gemuhay
- School of Nursing, St John's University of Tanzania, Dodoma, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Xiuni Gan
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhechuan Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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10
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Doehring T, Nelson W, Harris T, Freed A. FE vibration analyses of novel conforming meta-structures and standard lattices for simple bricks and a topology-optimized aerodynamic bracket. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21484. [PMID: 33293677 PMCID: PMC7722937 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78239-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) enables production of components that are not possible to make using traditional methods. In particular, lattice-type structures are of recent interest due to their potential for high strength-to-weight ratios and other desirable properties. However, standard periodic lattice structures have problems conforming to complex curved and multi-connected shapes (e.g. holes or sharp-to-smooth mating edges). In addition, standard lattices have well known shear and fatigue weaknesses due to their periodic basis/structure. To address these problems, we developed a new type of shape-conforming meta-structure (HGon) that extends lattices, enabling automated conforming to complex shapes and parametric meta-topology control. HGons also have unique vibration dampening and optimization capabilities. This study presents initial FE analyses of (Part 1) dynamic vibration responses of new HGon meta-structures compared with periodic lattices of equivalent density for a series of basic rectangular structures and (Part 2) a complex multi-connected aerodynamic bracket with field-based stress meta-topology optimization. Results show significantly enhanced vibration dampening behavior and superior strength-to-weight ratios for HGon meta-structures as compared to standard lattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd Doehring
- ABĒMIS LLC Research Laboratory, Cleveland, OH, 44118, USA.
| | - William Nelson
- ABĒMIS LLC Research Laboratory, Cleveland, OH, 44118, USA
| | - Thomas Harris
- ABĒMIS LLC Research Laboratory, Cleveland, OH, 44118, USA
| | - Alan Freed
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-3123, USA.,US Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA
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11
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Vidal ID, Glavaris S, Jones T, Hicks J, Trock BJ, Yegnasubramanian S, Nelson W, De Marzo AM. Abstract 5303: GSTP1 positive prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-5303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: GSTP1 is a member of the Glutathione-S-transferase family, known to be silenced by CpG island DNA methylation in approximately 90% of prostatic adenocarcinomas. However, the cases that are not densely methylated have not been extensively characterized in terms GSTP1 expression or clinico-pathological features.
Description of experimental procedures: We analytically validated an automated IHC assay against human GSTP1 using well-known cell line controls and human prostate cancer tissues. We examined 33 TMAs from 1296 prostatectomy patients using the index tumor with 4-fold redundancy from patients from 1993 to 2015. TMA slides stained for GSTP1 were scanned and uploaded to a web based image scoring platform (TMAJ). The images were reviewed by two different pathologists with expertise in prostate cancer. The scoring system followed a two-tiered approach, noted as positive (carcinomas with any nuclear and/or cytoplasmic staining), and as negative (carcinoma cells with no nuclear or cytoplasmic stain) in the presence of benign stromal or inflammatory cells that served as internal controls. The GSTP1 positive staining was correlated with Gleason grade groups, pathological stage, and age.
Results: After exclusion for inadequate tissue staining, GSTP1 was evaluated in 4326 TMA cores with carcinoma. GSTP1 IHC staining was positive in 190 cores (4.3%), corresponding to 75 patients (5.9% of patients had GSTP1 positive cancer). Of these 190 positive cores, 109 showed homogeneous (100% positive) tumor cell staining while 81 showed heterogeneous staining, with mixed positive and negative regions. In 43 patients (3.3%), all TMA cores containing carcinoma stained positively. In a number of standard slides from prostatectomies, GSTP1 positive IHC staining cases were also found to be positive for GSTP1 mRNA by in situ hybridization. There was no correlation between GSTP1 positive staining, Gleason grade group, pathological stage, margin status or patient age. Preliminary analysis in a subset of cases showed no correlation with TMPRSS2-ERG status or PTEN loss.
Conclusion: GSTP1 protein is present in approximately 5.9% of clinically localized prostate cancers and in approximately 50% of these positive cases, all TMA cores with carcinoma stained positively.
Citation Format: Igor D. Vidal, Stephanie Glavaris, Tracy Jones, Jessica Hicks, Bruce J. Trock, Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian, William Nelson, Angelo M. De Marzo. GSTP1 positive prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5303.
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Nelson W, Adu-Gyamfi EA, Czika A, Wang YX, Ding YB. Bisphenol A-induced mechanistic impairment of decidualization. Mol Reprod Dev 2020; 87:837-842. [PMID: 32691498 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Decidualization is a crucial precedent to embryo implantation, as its impairment is a major contributor to female infertility and pregnancy complications. Unraveling the molecular mechanisms involved in the impairment of decidualization has been a subject of interest in the field of reproductive medicine. Evidence from several experimental settings show that exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, affects the expression of several molecules that are involved in decidualization. Both low and high doses of BPA impair decidualization through the dysregulation of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors. Exposure to low doses of BPA leads to decreased levels and activities of several antioxidant enzymes, increased activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and increased production of nitric oxide (NO) via the upregulation of ER and PR. Consequently, oxidative stress is induced and decidualization becomes impaired. On the other hand, exposure to high doses of BPA downregulates ER and PR and impairs decidualization through two distinct pathways. One is through the upregulation of early growth response-1 (EGR1) via increased phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2; and the other is through a reduced serum glucocorticoid-induced kinase-1 (SGK1)-mediated downregulation of epithelial sodium channel-α and the induction of oxidative stress. Thus, regardless of the dose, BPA can impair decidualization to trigger infertility and pregnancy complications. This warrants the need to adopt lifestyles that will decrease the tendency of getting exposed to BPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Nelson
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es salaam, Tanzania
| | - Enoch Appiah Adu-Gyamfi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Armin Czika
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying-Xiong Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu-Bin Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Appiah Adu-Gyamfi E, Tanam Djankpa F, Nelson W, Czika A, Kumar Sah S, Lamptey J, Ding YB, Wang YX. Activin and inhibin signaling: From regulation of physiology to involvement in the pathology of the female reproductive system. Cytokine 2020; 133:155105. [PMID: 32438278 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Activins and inhibins - comprising activin A, B, AB, C and E, and inhibin A and B isoforms - belong to the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily. They regulate several biological processes, including cellular proliferation, differentiation and invasiveness, to enhance the formation and functioning of many human tissues and organs. In this review, we have discussed the role of activin and inhibin signaling in the physiological and female-specific pathological events that occur in the female reproductive system. The up-to-date evidence indicates that these cytokines regulate germ cell development, follicular development, ovulation, uterine receptivity, decidualization and placentation through the activation of several signaling pathways; and that their dysregulated expression is involved in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of the numerous diseases, including pregnancy complications, that disturb reproduction. Hence, some of the isoforms have been suggested as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the management of some of these diseases. Tackling the research directions highlighted in this review will enhance a detailed comprehension and the clinical utility of these cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Appiah Adu-Gyamfi
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Francis Tanam Djankpa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
| | - William Nelson
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es salaam, Tanzania.
| | - Armin Czika
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sanjay Kumar Sah
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jones Lamptey
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, KCCR, Ghana.
| | - Yu-Bin Ding
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying-Xiong Wang
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, People's Republic of China.
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Adu‐Gyamfi EA, Fondjo LA, Owiredu WK, Czika A, Nelson W, Lamptey J, Wang Y, Ding Y. Cover Image. Cell Biochem Funct 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Nelson W, Wang YX, Sakwari G, Ding YB. Review of the Effects of Perinatal Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in Animals and Humans. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 2020; 251:131-184. [PMID: 31129734 DOI: 10.1007/398_2019_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Maternal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is associated with long-term hormone-dependent effects that are sometimes not revealed until maturity, middle age, or adulthood. The aim of this study was to conduct descriptive reviews on animal experimental and human epidemiological evidence of the adverse health effects of in utero and lactational exposure to selected EDCs on the first generation and subsequent generation of the exposed offspring. PubMed, Web of Science, and Toxline databases were searched for relevant human and experimental animal studies on 29 October 29 2018. Search results were screened for relevance, and studies that met the inclusion criteria were evaluated and qualitative data extracted for analysis. The search yielded 73 relevant human and 113 animal studies. Results from studies show that in utero and lactational exposure to EDCs is associated with impairment of reproductive, immunologic, metabolic, neurobehavioral, and growth physiology of the exposed offspring up to the fourth generation without additional exposure. Little convergence is seen between animal experiments and human studies in terms of the reported adverse health effects which might be associated with methodologic challenges across the studies. Based on the available animal and human evidence, in utero and lactational exposure to EDCs is detrimental to the offspring. However, more human studies are necessary to clarify the toxicological and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Nelson
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproductive and Development, Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Xiong Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproductive and Development, Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Gloria Sakwari
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es salaam, Tanzania
| | - Yu-Bin Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproductive and Development, Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Adu-Gyamfi EA, Fondjo LA, Owiredu WKBA, Czika A, Nelson W, Lamptey J, Wang YX, Ding YB. The role of adiponectin in placentation and preeclampsia. Cell Biochem Funct 2019; 38:106-117. [PMID: 31746004 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is not fully understood; and few biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and therapeutic agents for its management have been identified. Original investigative findings suggest that abnormal placentation triggers preeclampsia and leads to hypertension, proteinuria, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation, which are characteristics of the disease. Because of the regulatory roles that it plays in several metabolic processes, adiponectin has become a cytokine of interest in metabolic medicine. In this review, we have discussed the role of adiponectin in trophoblast proliferation, trophoblast differentiation, trophoblast invasion of the decidua, and decidual angiogenesis, which are the major phases of placentation. Also, we have highlighted the physiological profile of adiponectin in the course of normal pregnancy. Moreover, we have discussed the involvement of adiponectin in hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and proteinuria. Furthermore, we have summarized the reported relationship between the maternal serum adiponectin level and preeclampsia. The available evidence indicates that adiponectin level physiologically falls as pregnancy advances, regulates placentation, and exhibits protective effects against the symptoms of preeclampsia and that while hyperadiponectinemia is evident in normal-weight preeclamptic women, hypoadiponectinemia is evident in overweight and obese preeclamptic women. Therefore, the clinical use of adiponectin as a biomarker, therapeutic target, or therapeutic agent against the disease looks promising and should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Appiah Adu-Gyamfi
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Linda Ahenkorah Fondjo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Republic of Ghana
| | - William K B A Owiredu
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Republic of Ghana
| | - Armin Czika
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - William Nelson
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jones Lamptey
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Xiong Wang
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Bin Ding
- Department of Reproductive Sciences, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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17
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Nelson W, Liu DY, Yang Y, Zhong ZH, Wang YX, Ding YB. In utero exposure to persistent and nonpersistent endocrine-disrupting chemicals and anogenital distance. A systematic review of epidemiological studies†. Biol Reprod 2019; 102:276-291. [DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Anti-androgenic endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can cross the placenta to modify early offspring sexual dimorphic markers. These changes are linked to anogenital distance (AGD), which is an androgen-sensitive anthropometric parameter used as a biomarker of perineal growth and caudal migration of the genital tubercle. This review aimed to summarize strength of evidence for associations of in utero exposure to EDCs with AGD and to identify gaps and limitations in the literature so as to inform future research. We performed an electronic search of English literature in September 2019 in medical literature analysis and retrieval system online (MEDLINE), Web of Science and Toxline. We included epidemiological studies that examined in utero exposure to persistent and nonpersistent EDCs and considered AGD in offspring as an outcome. Our review contained 16 investigations examining exposure to persistent EDCs (nine studies) and nonpersistent EDCs (seven studies). Some individual studies reported an inverse association between exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), dioxins, perfluoroalkyl substances, and organochlorides and AGD in both male and female offspring. Meta-analysis of three studies found a small reduction of AGD in female offspring exposed to BPA. The number of studies per chemical is small, and number of subjects examined is limited; so, replication of these results is needed. To achieve more specificity and better replication of results, future studies should establish the association of nonpersistent EDCs using multiple urine samples, evaluate the cumulative impact of exposure to a mixture of anti-androgenic chemicals, and offer adequate consideration of more maternal- and children-related confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Nelson
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health and Social Sciences, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es salaam, Tanzania
| | - Ding-Yuan Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Hui Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Ying-Xiong Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
| | - Yu-bin Ding
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, P.R. China
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Holmes J, Fred B, Grossman S, Nelson W, Kachhap S, Lee S, Gail V, Stotsky-Himelfarb E, Pawlik T, Sukumar S, Zellars R. The Cancer in the Under-Privileged, Indigent or Disadvantaged (CUPID) Summer Fellowship: Specialty Outcomes from a Targeted Oncology Summer Research Program. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Graham EB, Crump AR, Kennedy DW, Arntzen E, Fansler S, Purvine SO, Nicora CD, Nelson W, Tfaily MM, Stegen JC. Multi 'omics comparison reveals metabolome biochemistry, not microbiome composition or gene expression, corresponds to elevated biogeochemical function in the hyporheic zone. Sci Total Environ 2018; 642:742-753. [PMID: 29920461 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biogeochemical hotspots are pervasive at terrestrial-aquatic interfaces, particularly within groundwater-surface water mixing zones (hyporheic zones), and they are critical to understanding spatiotemporal variation in biogeochemical cycling. Here, we use multi 'omic comparisons of hotspots to low-activity sediments to gain mechanistic insight into hyporheic zone organic matter processing. We hypothesized that microbiome structure and function, as described by metagenomics and metaproteomics, would distinguish hotspots from low-activity sediments by shifting metabolism towards carbohydrate-utilizing pathways and elucidate discrete mechanisms governing organic matter processing in each location. We also expected these differences to be reflected in the metabolome, whereby hotspot carbon (C) pools and metabolite transformations therein would be enriched in sugar-associated compounds. In contrast to expectations, we found pronounced phenotypic plasticity in the hyporheic zone microbiome that was denoted by similar microbiome structure, functional potential, and expression across sediments with dissimilar metabolic rates. Instead, diverse nitrogenous metabolites and biochemical transformations characterized hotspots. Metabolomes also corresponded more strongly to aerobic metabolism than bulk C or N content only (explaining 67% vs. 42% and 37% of variation respectively), and bulk C and N did not improve statistical models based on metabolome composition alone. These results point to organic nitrogen as a significant regulatory factor influencing hyporheic zone organic matter processing. Based on our findings, we propose incorporating knowledge of metabolic pathways associated with different chemical fractions of C pools into ecosystem models will enhance prediction accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily B Graham
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
| | | | | | - Evan Arntzen
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Sarah Fansler
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | | | - Carrie D Nicora
- Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - William Nelson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Malak M Tfaily
- Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - James C Stegen
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
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Coulter J, Haffner M, Mian O, Hedayati M, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Mishra A, Nelson W, Song D, Yegnasubramanian S, DeWeese T. Hydroxyflutamide Induces Androgen Receptor-Mediated DNA Damage and Radiosensitizes Prostate Cancer Cells While Preventing Induction of Pro-Growth Programs. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Langhorn J, Borjali A, Hippensteel E, Nelson W, Raeymaekers B. Microtextured CoCrMo alloy for use in metal-on-polyethylene prosthetic joint bearings: multi-directional wear and corrosion measurements. Tribol Int 2018; 124:178-183. [PMID: 30778273 PMCID: PMC6377253 DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The longevity of metal-on-polyethylene (MoP) prosthetic hip joint bearings, in which a polished CoCrMo femoral head articulates with a polyethylene liner, may be limited by mechanical instability or inflammation resulting from osteolysis caused by polyethylene wear debris. This study uses laser surface texturing to manufacture a pattern of shallow spherical microtexture features on a polished CoCrMo surface. Gravimetric wear measurements of a highly-crosslinked polyethylene pin articulating with a CoCrMo disc under multi-directional shear demonstrate that polyethylene wear is reduced by more 50% when articulating with a microtextured as opposed to a polished CoCrMo disc. Electrochemical measurements also show that laser texturing does not negatively affect the corrosion potential of CoCrMo.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Langhorn
- DePuy Synthes Joint Reconstruction, Warsaw, IN 46582, USA
| | - A Borjali
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - E Hippensteel
- DePuy Synthes Joint Reconstruction, Warsaw, IN 46582, USA
| | - W Nelson
- DePuy Synthes Joint Reconstruction, Warsaw, IN 46582, USA
| | - B Raeymaekers
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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Sprangle P, Hafizi B, Ting A, Fischer RP, Davis CC, Nelson W. High-power lasers for directed-energy applications: reply. Appl Opt 2017; 56:4825-4826. [PMID: 29047619 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.004825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The comment by Vorontsov and Weyrauch [Appl. Opt.55, 9950 (2016)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.55.009950] is aimed at rebutting the critiques in Sprangle et al. [Appl. Opt.54, F201 (2015)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.54.00F201] and Nelson et al. [Appl. Opt.55, 1757 (2016)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.55.001757]. In the comment, Vorontsov and colleagues describe their experiments aimed at demonstrating the feasibility of coherent combining of lasers on a distant target, using relatively low-power lasers and a cooperative retro-reflective target. The Naval Research Laboratory has demonstrated the capability to project high power on a distant target by making use of an incoherent combining architecture. The proof-of-concept experiments were performed in a realistic environment without employing cooperative targets and without sophisticated adaptive optics instrumentation.
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Arthur R, Rohrmann S, Møller H, Selvin E, Dobs AS, Kanarek N, Nelson W, Platz EA, Van Hemelrijck M. Pre-diabetes and serum sex steroid hormones among US men. Andrology 2016; 5:49-57. [PMID: 27792861 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Several studies demonstrate a link between diabetes and sex steroid hormones, but the link with pre-diabetes remains elusive. In this study, we hypothesize that pre-diabetes, which is characterised by having impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance and/or impaired HbA1C, may influence circulating sex steroid hormone concentrations in men. Thus, we investigated whether serum sex steroid hormone concentrations differ between men with and without pre-diabetes. We analyzed data for 1139 men who were aged 20+ years when they participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We calculated adjusted geometric mean serum concentrations of total and estimated free testosterone, androstanediol glucuronide, total and estimated free estradiol, and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) in men with and without pre-diabetes. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (OR) of lower concentrations of androgens and SHBG, and higher concentrations of estradiol by prediabetes status. Adjusting for age and race/ethnicity, total testosterone concentration was lower among men with (geometric mean: 4.68 ng/mL) than without (5.36 ng/mL, p = 0.01) pre-diabetes. SHBG concentration was also lower in men with (31.67 nmol/L) than without (36.16 nmol/L; p = 0.01) pre-diabetes. Concentrations of the other hormones did not differ between men with and without pre-diabetes. After adjusting for demographic and lifestyle factors, pre-diabetic men had a higher odds of lower testosterone (OR: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.54-4.29), higher free estradiol level (OR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.14-2.22), and lower SHBG level (OR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.32-3.92) compared to men without pre-diabetes. These associations were attenuated after adjusting for adiposity (testosterone OR: 1.76; 95% CI 0.95-3.27, free estradiol OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 0.88-1.88, SHBG OR: 1.71; 95% CI 0.88-3.30). Our findings suggest that men with pre-diabetes have lower circulating total testosterone and SHBG and higher free estradiol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Arthur
- King's College London, Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, London, UK
| | - S Rohrmann
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology; Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H Møller
- King's College London, Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, London, UK
| | - E Selvin
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A S Dobs
- Department of Endocrinology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - N Kanarek
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - W Nelson
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - E A Platz
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Van Hemelrijck
- King's College London, Division of Cancer Studies, Cancer Epidemiology Group, London, UK.,Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Nelson W, Sprangle P, Davis CC. Atmospheric propagation and combining of high-power lasers: reply. Appl Opt 2016; 55:8338-8339. [PMID: 27828083 DOI: 10.1364/ao.55.008338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We do not believe that there is any inconsistency between the findings of our paper [Appl. Opt.55, 1757 (2016)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.55.001757] and the observations of Goodno and Rothenberg [Appl. Opt.55, 8335 (2016)]. APOPAI0003-69351559-128X/16/298335-03.
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Coulter J, Haffner M, Mian O, Kim K, Hedayati M, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Nelson W, Yegnasubramanian S, DeWeese T. Partial Agonist Activity of Hydroxyflutamide Induces AR- and TOP2B-dependent DNA Double Strand Breaks and Radiosensitizes Prostate Cancer Cells. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Palastro JP, Peñano J, Nelson W, DiComo G, Helle M, Johnson LA, Hafizi B. Reciprocity breaking during nonlinear propagation of adapted beams through random media. Opt Express 2016; 24:18817-18827. [PMID: 27557166 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.018817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive optics (AO) systems rely on the principle of reciprocity, or symmetry with respect to the interchange of point sources and receivers. These systems use the light received from a low power emitter on or near a target to compensate phase aberrations acquired by a laser beam during linear propagation through random media. If, however, the laser beam propagates nonlinearly, reciprocity is broken, potentially undermining AO correction. Here we examine the consequences of this breakdown, providing the first analysis of AO applied to high peak power laser beams. While discussed for general random and nonlinear media, we consider specific examples of Kerr-nonlinear, turbulent atmosphere.
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Abstract
Measures of field independence, locus of control, self-esteem, and school achievement were obtained for 144 Anglo American and Mexican American fourth, fifth, and sixth grade children from a "traditional" Mexican American community. From second to third generation, Mexican American children increasingly approach Anglo American norms with respect to field independence, reading achievement, and math achievement. Opposite trends were obtained with regard to self-esteem; no significant effects of generational level were found with regard to locus of control. Several possible explanations of the apparent paradox of decreasing self-esteem alongside increasing achievement levels with generation are suggested.
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Nelson W, Knight GP, Kagan S, Gumbiner J. Locus of Control, Self-Esteem, and Field Independence as Predictors of School Achievement Among Anglo American and Mexican American Children. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/073998638000200402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The relation of measures of locus of control, self-esteem, and field independence to the reading and math achievement of 170 Mexican American and Anglo American children is explored. The Anglo American-Mexican American school achievement gap was confirmed, but no significant cultural difference on any personality variable was observed. The intercorrelations among the personality variables and between the personality variables and school achievement were greater among Mexican American children compared to Anglo American children, and the per sonality variables were also more highly related to school achievement for Mexican American children. This pattern of results is discussed as possibly due to (a) a greater impact of school achievement on personality for Mexican Americans; (b) personality differences as more important precursors of school achievement among Mexican Americans; (c) lack of cultural equivalence of meaning of the personality variables; and (d) grade as a mediating variable. Implications of the findings are discussed.
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Zhu D, Reichert Z, Nelson W, Olson J, Van Meir E. MB-05BAI1 IS A TUMOR SUPPRESSOR IN MEDULLOBLASTOMA. Neuro Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now076.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Nelson W, Palastro JP, Wu C, Davis CC. Using an incoherent target return to adaptively focus through atmospheric turbulence. Opt Lett 2016; 41:1301-1304. [PMID: 26977694 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.001301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A laser beam propagating to a remote target through atmospheric turbulence acquires intensity fluctuations. If the target is cooperative and provides a coherent return beam, the phase measured near the beam transmitter and adaptive optics, in principle, can correct these fluctuations. Generally, however, the target is uncooperative. In this case, we show that an incoherent return from the target can be used instead. Using the principle of reciprocity, we derive a novel relation between the field at the target and the returned field at a detector. We simulate an adaptive optics system that utilizes this relation to focus a beam through atmospheric turbulence onto a rough surface.
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Abstract
In this paper, we analyze beam combining and atmospheric propagation of high-power lasers for directed-energy (DE) applications. The large linewidths inherent in high-power fiber and slab lasers cause random phase and intensity fluctuations that occur on subnanosecond time scales. Coherently combining these high-power lasers would involve instruments capable of precise phase control and operation at rates greater than ∼10 GHz. To the best of our knowledge, this technology does not currently exist. This presents a challenging problem when attempting to phase lock high-power lasers that is not encountered when phase locking low-power lasers, for example, at milliwatt power levels. Regardless, we demonstrate that even if instruments are developed that can precisely control the phase of high-power lasers, coherent combining is problematic for DE applications. The dephasing effects of atmospheric turbulence typically encountered in DE applications will degrade the coherent properties of the beam before it reaches the target. Through simulations, we find that coherent beam combining in moderate turbulence and over multikilometer propagation distances has little advantage over incoherent combining. Additionally, in cases of strong turbulence and multikilometer propagation ranges, we find nearly indistinguishable intensity profiles and virtually no difference in the energy on the target between coherently and incoherently combined laser beams. Consequently, we find that coherent beam combining at the transmitter plane is ineffective under typical atmospheric conditions.
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32
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Goodell CK, Zhang J, Strait E, Harmon K, Patnayak D, Otterson T, Culhane M, Christopher-Hennings J, Clement T, Leslie-Steen P, Hesse R, Anderson J, Skarbek K, Vincent A, Kitikoon P, Swenson S, Jenkins-Moore M, McGill J, Rauh R, Nelson W, O’Connell C, Shah R, Wang C, Main R, Zimmerman JJ. Ring test evaluation of the detection of influenza A virus in swine oral fluids by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and virus isolation. Can J Vet Res 2016; 80:12-20. [PMID: 26733728 PMCID: PMC4686030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The probability of detecting influenza A virus (IAV) in oral fluid (OF) specimens was calculated for each of 13 assays based on real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) and 7 assays based on virus isolation (VI). The OF specimens were inoculated with H1N1 or H3N2 IAV and serially diluted 10-fold (10(-1) to 10(-8)). Eight participating laboratories received 180 randomized OF samples (10 replicates × 8 dilutions × 2 IAV subtypes plus 20 IAV-negative samples) and performed the rRT-PCR and VI procedure(s) of their choice. Analysis of the results with a mixed-effect logistic-regression model identified dilution and assay as variables significant (P < 0.0001) for IAV detection in OF by rRT-PCR or VI. Virus subtype was not significant for IAV detection by either rRT-PCR (P = 0.457) or VI (P = 0.101). For rRT-PCR the cycle threshold (Ct) values increased consistently with dilution but varied widely. Therefore, it was not possible to predict VI success on the basis of Ct values. The success of VI was inversely related to the dilution of the sample; the assay was generally unsuccessful at lower virus concentrations. Successful swine health monitoring and disease surveillance require assays with consistent performance, but significant differences in reproducibility were observed among the assays evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeffrey J. Zimmerman
- Address all correspondence to Dr. Jeffrey Zimmerman; telephone: (515) 294-1073; e-mail:
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Raugi GJ, Nelson W, Miethke M, Boyd M, Markham C, Dougall B, Bratten D, Comer T. Teledermatology Implementation in a VHA Secondary Treatment Facility Improves Access to Face-to-Face Care. Telemed J E Health 2016; 22:12-7. [DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2015.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory J. Raugi
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Marvin Boyd
- Spokane VA Medical Center, Spokane, Washington
| | - Craig Markham
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Tara Comer
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington
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Mian O, Haffner M, Coulter J, Esopi D, Meyers J, Gergis C, Assadi R, Nelson W, Yegnasubramanian S, DeWeese T. A Novel Technology for Noninvasive Detection of Prostate Cancer DNA in the Blood and Urine of Men With High-Risk PCA Receiving Radiation Therapy and Androgen Suppression. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Nelson W, Palastro JP, Wu C, Davis CC. Enhanced backscatter of optical beams reflected in turbulent air. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2015; 32:1371-1378. [PMID: 26367168 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.32.001371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Optical beams propagating through air acquire phase distortions from turbulent fluctuations in the refractive index. While these distortions are usually deleterious to propagation, beams reflected in a turbulent medium can undergo a local recovery of spatial coherence and intensity enhancement referred to as enhanced backscatter (EBS). Here we validate the commonly used phase screen simulation with experimental results obtained from lab-scale experiments. We also verify theoretical predictions of the dependence of the turbulence strength on EBS. Finally, we present a novel algorithm called the "tilt-shift method" which allows detection of EBS in frozen turbulence, reducing the time required to detect the EBS signal.
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Vyas M, Fisher TW, He R, Nelson W, Yin G, Cicero JM, Willer M, Kim R, Kramer R, May GA, Crow JA, Soderlund CA, Gang DR, Brown JK. Asian Citrus Psyllid Expression Profiles Suggest Candidatus Liberibacter Asiaticus-Mediated Alteration of Adult Nutrition and Metabolism, and of Nymphal Development and Immunity. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130328. [PMID: 26091106 PMCID: PMC4474670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is the insect vector of the fastidious bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas), the causal agent of citrus greening disease, or Huanglongbing (HLB). The widespread invasiveness of the psyllid vector and HLB in citrus trees worldwide has underscored the need for non-traditional approaches to manage the disease. One tenable solution is through the deployment of RNA interference technology to silence protein-protein interactions essential for ACP-mediated CLas invasion and transmission. To identify psyllid interactor-bacterial effector combinations associated with psyllid-CLas interactions, cDNA libraries were constructed from CLas-infected and CLas-free ACP adults and nymphs, and analyzed for differential expression. Library assemblies comprised 24,039,255 reads and yielded 45,976 consensus contigs. They were annotated (UniProt), classified using Gene Ontology, and subjected to in silico expression analyses using the Transcriptome Computational Workbench (TCW) (http://www.sohomoptera.org/ACPPoP/). Functional-biological pathway interpretations were carried out using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases. Differentially expressed contigs in adults and/or nymphs represented genes and/or metabolic/pathogenesis pathways involved in adhesion, biofilm formation, development-related, immunity, nutrition, stress, and virulence. Notably, contigs involved in gene silencing and transposon-related responses were documented in a psyllid for the first time. This is the first comparative transcriptomic analysis of ACP adults and nymphs infected and uninfected with CLas. The results provide key initial insights into host-parasite interactions involving CLas effectors that contribute to invasion-virulence, and to host nutritional exploitation and immune-related responses that appear to be essential for successful ACP-mediated circulative, propagative CLas transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenal Vyas
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Tonja W. Fisher
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Ruifeng He
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - William Nelson
- BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Guohua Yin
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Cicero
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Mark Willer
- BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Ryan Kim
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Robin Kramer
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Greg A. May
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - John A. Crow
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Carol A. Soderlund
- BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - David R. Gang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
| | - Judith K. Brown
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
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Murtola T, Gurel B, Umbehr M, Lucia S, Thompson I, Goodman P, Kristal A, Parnes H, Lippman S, Sutcliffe S, Peskoe S, Drake C, Nelson W, De Marzo A, Platz E. MP4-02 INFLAMMATION IN BENIGN PROSTATE TISSUE AND PROSTATE CANCER IN THE FINASTERIDE ARM OF THE PROSTATE CANCER PREVENTION TRIAL. J Urol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.02.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Xiang T, Nelson W, Rodriguez J, Tolleter D, Grossman AR. Symbiodinium transcriptome and global responses of cells to immediate changes in light intensity when grown under autotrophic or mixotrophic conditions. Plant J 2015; 82:67-80. [PMID: 25664570 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Symbiosis between unicellular dinoflagellates (genus Symbiodinium) and their cnidarian hosts (e.g. corals, sea anemones) is the foundation of coral reef ecosystems. Dysfunction of this symbiosis under changing environmental conditions has led to global reef decline. Little information is known about Symbiodinium gene expression and mechanisms by which light impacts host-symbiont associations. To address these issues, we generated a transcriptome from axenic Symbiodinium strain SSB01. Here we report features of the transcriptome, including occurrence and length distribution of spliced leader sequences, the functional landscape of encoded proteins and the impact of light on gene expression. Expression of many Symbiodinium genes appears to be significantly impacted by light. Transcript encoding cryptochrome 2 declined in high light while some transcripts for Regulators of Chromatin Condensation (RCC1) declined in the dark. We also identified a transcript encoding a light harvesting AcpPC protein with homology to Chlamydomonas LHCSR2. The level of this transcript increased in high light autotrophic conditions, suggesting that it is involved in photo-protection and the dissipation of excess absorbed light energy. The most extensive changes in transcript abundances occurred when the algae were transferred from low light to darkness. Interestingly, transcripts encoding several cell adhesion proteins rapidly declined following movement of cultures to the dark, which correlated with a dramatic change in cell surface morphology, likely reflecting the complexity of the extracellular matrix. Thus, light-sensitive cell adhesion proteins may play a role in establishing surface architecture, which may in turn alter interactions between the endosymbiont and its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xiang
- Department of Plant Biology, The Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Smuder A, Sollanek K, Nelson W, Min K, Talbert E, Powers S. Effects of Mechanical Ventilation and Autophagy on Diaphragm Oxidative Stress and Proteolysis. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.821.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Smuder
- Applied Physiology and KinesiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUnited States
| | - Kurt Sollanek
- Applied Physiology and KinesiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUnited States
| | - W Nelson
- Applied Physiology and KinesiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUnited States
| | - Kisuk Min
- Applied Physiology and KinesiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUnited States
| | - Erin Talbert
- Applied Physiology and KinesiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUnited States
| | - Scott Powers
- Applied Physiology and KinesiologyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUnited States
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Salvato F, Balbuena TS, Nelson W, Rao RSP, He R, Soderlund CA, Gang DR, Thelen JJ. Comparative proteomic analysis of developing rhizomes of the ancient vascular plant Equisetum hyemale and different monocot species. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:1779-91. [PMID: 25716083 DOI: 10.1021/pr501157w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The rhizome is responsible for the invasiveness and competitiveness of many plants with great economic and agricultural impact worldwide. Besides its value as an invasive organ, the rhizome plays a role in the establishment and massive growth of forage, providing biomass for biofuel production. Despite these features, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that contribute to rhizome growth, development, and function in plants. In this work, we characterized the proteome of rhizome apical tips and elongation zones from different species using a GeLC-MS/MS (one-dimensional electrophoresis in combination with liquid chromatography coupled online with tandem mass spectrometry) spectral-counting proteomics strategy. Five rhizomatous grasses and an ancient species were compared to study the protein regulation in rhizomes. An average of 2200 rhizome proteins per species were confidently identified and quantified. Rhizome-characteristic proteins showed similar functional distributions across all species analyzed. The over-representation of proteins associated with central roles in cellular, metabolic, and developmental processes indicated accelerated metabolism in growing rhizomes. Moreover, 61 rhizome-characteristic proteins appeared to be regulated similarly among analyzed plants. In addition, 36 showed conserved regulation between rhizome apical tips and elongation zones across species. These proteins were preferentially expressed in rhizome tissues regardless of the species analyzed, making them interesting candidates for more detailed investigative studies about their roles in rhizome development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Salvato
- †Department of Biochemistry, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Tiago S Balbuena
- †Department of Biochemistry, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - William Nelson
- ‡BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - R Shyama Prasad Rao
- †Department of Biochemistry, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Ruifeng He
- §Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Carol A Soderlund
- ‡BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - David R Gang
- §Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Jay J Thelen
- †Department of Biochemistry, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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Fisher TW, Vyas M, He R, Nelson W, Cicero JM, Willer M, Kim R, Kramer R, May GA, Crow JA, Soderlund CA, Gang DR, Brown JK. Comparison of potato and asian citrus psyllid adult and nymph transcriptomes identified vector transcripts with potential involvement in circulative, propagative liberibacter transmission. Pathogens 2014; 3:875-907. [PMID: 25436509 PMCID: PMC4282890 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens3040875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 10/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The potato psyllid (PoP) Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) and Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) Diaphorina citri Kuwayama are the insect vectors of the fastidious plant pathogen, Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CLso) and Ca. L. asiaticus (CLas), respectively. CLso causes Zebra chip disease of potato and vein-greening in solanaceous species, whereas, CLas causes citrus greening disease. The reliance on insecticides for vector management to reduce pathogen transmission has increased interest in alternative approaches, including RNA interference to abate expression of genes essential for psyllid-mediated Ca. Liberibacter transmission. To identify genes with significantly altered expression at different life stages and conditions of CLso/CLas infection, cDNA libraries were constructed for CLso-infected and -uninfected PoP adults and nymphal instars. Illumina sequencing produced 199,081,451 reads that were assembled into 82,224 unique transcripts. PoP and the analogous transcripts from ACP adult and nymphs reported elsewhere were annotated, organized into functional gene groups using the Gene Ontology classification system, and analyzed for differential in silico expression. Expression profiles revealed vector life stage differences and differential gene expression associated with Liberibacter infection of the psyllid host, including invasion, immune system modulation, nutrition, and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonja W Fisher
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Meenal Vyas
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Ruifeng He
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | | | - Joseph M Cicero
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Mark Willer
- BIO5, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
| | - Ryan Kim
- National Center for Genome Resources, 2935 Rodeo Park Drive East, Santa Fe, NM 87505, USA.
| | - Robin Kramer
- National Center for Genome Resources, 2935 Rodeo Park Drive East, Santa Fe, NM 87505, USA.
| | - Greg A May
- National Center for Genome Resources, 2935 Rodeo Park Drive East, Santa Fe, NM 87505, USA.
| | - John A Crow
- National Center for Genome Resources, 2935 Rodeo Park Drive East, Santa Fe, NM 87505, USA.
| | | | - David R Gang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Judith K Brown
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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Gressel G, English D, Nelson W, Carusillo N, Silasi D, Azodi M, Santin A, Rutherford T, Schwartz P, Ratner E. Abstract number 8: Platinum desensitization in patients with carboplatin hypersensitivity: A single-institution retrospective study. Gynecol Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2014.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Smuder A, Sollanek K, Min K, Kwon OS, Nelson W, Powers S. Overexpression of HSP72 protects against mechanical ventilation‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptotic signaling in the diaphragm (1091.1). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.1091.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Smuder
- Applied Physiology and Kinesiology University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUnited States
| | - Kurt Sollanek
- Applied Physiology and Kinesiology University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUnited States
| | - Kisuk Min
- Applied Physiology and Kinesiology University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUnited States
| | - Oh Sung Kwon
- Applied Physiology and Kinesiology University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUnited States
| | - W Nelson
- Applied Physiology and Kinesiology University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUnited States
| | - Scott Powers
- Applied Physiology and Kinesiology University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUnited States
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Nelson W, Palastro JP, Davis CC, Sprangle P. Propagation of Bessel and Airy beams through atmospheric turbulence. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2014; 31:603-609. [PMID: 24690658 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.31.000603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigate, through simulation, the modifications to Bessel and Airy beams during propagation through atmospheric turbulence. We find that atmospheric turbulence disrupts the quasi-non-diffracting nature of Bessel and Airy beams when the transverse coherence length (Fried parameter) nears the initial aperture diameter or diagonal, respectively. The turbulence-induced transverse phase distortion limits the effectiveness of Bessel and Airy beams for applications requiring propagation over long distances in the turbulent atmosphere.
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He R, Salvato F, Park JJ, Kim MJ, Nelson W, Balbuena TS, Willer M, Crow JA, May GD, Soderlund CA, Thelen JJ, Gang DR. A systems-wide comparison of red rice (Oryza longistaminata) tissues identifies rhizome specific genes and proteins that are targets for cultivated rice improvement. BMC Plant Biol 2014; 14:46. [PMID: 24521476 PMCID: PMC3933257 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-14-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rhizome, the original stem of land plants, enables species to invade new territory and is a critical component of perenniality, especially in grasses. Red rice (Oryza longistaminata) is a perennial wild rice species with many valuable traits that could be used to improve cultivated rice cultivars, including rhizomatousness, disease resistance and drought tolerance. Despite these features, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that contribute to rhizome growth, development and function in this plant. RESULTS We used an integrated approach to compare the transcriptome, proteome and metabolome of the rhizome to other tissues of red rice. 116 Gb of transcriptome sequence was obtained from various tissues and used to identify rhizome-specific and preferentially expressed genes, including transcription factors and hormone metabolism and stress response-related genes. Proteomics and metabolomics approaches identified 41 proteins and more than 100 primary metabolites and plant hormones with rhizome preferential accumulation. Of particular interest was the identification of a large number of gene transcripts from Magnaportha oryzae, the fungus that causes rice blast disease in cultivated rice, even though the red rice plants showed no sign of disease. CONCLUSIONS A significant set of genes, proteins and metabolites appear to be specifically or preferentially expressed in the rhizome of O. longistaminata. The presence of M. oryzae gene transcripts at a high level in apparently healthy plants suggests that red rice is resistant to this pathogen, and may be able to provide genes to cultivated rice that will enable resistance to rice blast disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng He
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, PO Box 646340, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Fernanda Salvato
- Department of Biochemistry and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Current Address: Departamento de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Jeong-Jin Park
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, PO Box 646340, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Min-Jeong Kim
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, PO Box 646340, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - William Nelson
- BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Tiago S Balbuena
- Department of Biochemistry and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Current Address: Departamento de Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Mark Willer
- BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - John A Crow
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM 87505, USA
| | - Greg D May
- National Center for Genome Resources, Santa Fe, NM 87505, USA
| | | | - Jay J Thelen
- Department of Biochemistry and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - David R Gang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, PO Box 646340, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The analysis of transcriptome data involves many steps and various programs, along with organization of large amounts of data and results. Without a methodical approach for storage, analysis and query, the resulting ad hoc analysis can lead to human error, loss of data and results, inefficient use of time, and lack of verifiability, repeatability, and extensibility. METHODOLOGY The Transcriptome Computational Workbench (TCW) provides Java graphical interfaces for methodical analysis for both single and comparative transcriptome data without the use of a reference genome (e.g. for non-model organisms). The singleTCW interface steps the user through importing transcript sequences (e.g. Illumina) or assembling long sequences (e.g. Sanger, 454, transcripts), annotating the sequences, and performing differential expression analysis using published statistical programs in R. The data, metadata, and results are stored in a MySQL database. The multiTCW interface builds a comparison database by importing sequence and annotation from one or more single TCW databases, executes the ESTscan program to translate the sequences into proteins, and then incorporates one or more clusterings, where the clustering options are to execute the orthoMCL program, compute transitive closure, or import clusters. Both singleTCW and multiTCW allow extensive query and display of the results, where singleTCW displays the alignment of annotation hits to transcript sequences, and multiTCW displays multiple transcript alignments with MUSCLE or pairwise alignments. The query programs can be executed on the desktop for fastest analysis, or from the web for sharing the results. CONCLUSION It is now affordable to buy a multi-processor machine, and easy to install Java and MySQL. By simply downloading the TCW, the user can interactively analyze, query and view their data. The TCW allows in-depth data mining of the results, which can lead to a better understanding of the transcriptome. TCW is freely available from www.agcol.arizona.edu/software/tcw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Soderlund
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
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Goodell CK, Prickett J, Kittawornrat A, Zhou F, Rauh R, Nelson W, O'Connell C, Burrell A, Wang C, Yoon KJ, Zimmerman JJ. Probability of detecting influenza A virus subtypes H1N1 and H3N2 in individual pig nasal swabs and pen-based oral fluid specimens over time. Vet Microbiol 2013; 166:450-60. [PMID: 23910522 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The probability of detecting influenza A virus (IAV) by virus isolation (VI), point-of-care (POC) antigen detection, and real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) was estimated for pen-based oral fluid (OF) and individual pig nasal swab (NS) specimens. Piglets (n=82) were isolated for 30 days and confirmed negative for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, and IAV infections. A subset (n=28) was vaccinated on day post inoculation (DPI) -42 and -21 with a commercial multivalent vaccine. On DPI 0, pigs were intratracheally inoculated with contemporary isolates of H1N1 (n=35) or H3N2 (n=35) or served as negative controls (n=12). OF (n=370) was collected DPI 0-16 and NS (n=924) DPI 0-6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16. The association between IAV detection and variables of interest (specimen, virus subtype, assay, vaccination status, and DPI) was analyzed by mixed-effect repeated measures logistic regression and the results used to calculate the probability (pˆ) of detecting IAV in OF and NS over DPI by assay. Vaccination (p-value<0.0001), DPI (p-value<0.0001), and specimen-assay interaction (p-value<0.0001) were significant to IAV detection, but virus subtype was not (p-value=0.89). Vaccination and/or increasing DPI reduced pˆ for all assays. VI was more successful using NS than OF, but both VI and POC were generally unsuccessful after DPI 6. Overall, rRT-PCR on OF specimens provided the highest pˆ for the most DPIs, yet significantly different results were observed between the two laboratories independently performing rRT-PCR testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa K Goodell
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
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Parsons JK, Magi-Galluzzi C, Joshu C, Fedor H, Miller G, Nelson W, Platz E, DeMarzo A. 349 THE AUTOPSY PREVALENCES OF PROSTATE CANCER, BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA, AND HIGH-GRADE PROSTATIC INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA ARE HIGHER AMONG CAUCASIAN MEN IN THE U.S. THAN ASIAN MEN IN ASIA. J Urol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.02.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
Since the standard inflationary paradigm is based on quantum field theory on classical space-times, it excludes the Planck era. Using techniques from loop quantum gravity, the paradigm is extended to a self-consistent theory from the Planck scale to the onset of slow roll inflation, covering some 11 orders of magnitude in energy density and curvature. This preinflationary dynamics also opens a small window for novel effects, e.g., a source for non-Gaussianities, which could extend the reach of cosmological observations to the deep Planck regime of the early Universe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Agullo
- Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos & Physics Department, Penn State, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The burden on caregivers providing support to atrial fibrillation (AF) patients has not been evaluated. OBJECTIVE To examine the interrelationship between unpaid caregiver, patient and thromboprophylaxis characteristics and caregiver burden in AF. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey study of AF patient-caregiver dyads recruited from cardiology clinics at an urban teaching hospital. Eligible patients had a diagnosis of AF, received thromboprophylaxis to prevent stroke, lived in the community and had an adult, unpaid, English-speaking caregiver. Hierarchical multivariate regression was used to evaluate the association between caregiver, patient and thromboprophylaxis characteristics and caregiver burden as measured by the 'Caregiver Reaction Assessment' (CRA). RESULTS Eighty patient-caregiver dyads were surveyed. The mean ± standard deviation scores for each CRA domain were 'Disrupted schedule' (2.4 ± 1.0), 'Financial problems' (2.1 ± 0.8), 'Lack of family support' (1.9 ± 0.7), 'Health problems' (1.9 ± 0.7) and 'Self-esteem' (0.9 ± 0.5). Significantly greater caregiver burden due to 'Disrupted schedule' was seen in those spending > 4 h/week providing care and when caring for frail, sick or disabled patients, with higher CHADS2 scores and requiring help with their medications. 'Financial problems' burden scores were significantly associated with caring for frail patients and those requiring more frequent office follow-up. 'Lack of family support' scores were inversely associated with having somebody else to help provide care and increased as patients CHADS2 score increased. Lower 'Health problem' burden scores were associated with female gender and higher scores with the need to spend > 4 h/week providing care. CONCLUSION The greatest burden to caregivers of AF patients occurs due to schedule disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- C I Coleman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Connecticut School of Pharmacy, Storrs, CT 06102-5037, USA.
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