PSMB2 plays an oncogenic role in glioma and correlates to the immune microenvironment

There has been an upward trend in the incidence of glioma, with high recurrence and high mortality. The beta subunits of the 20S proteasome are encoded by the proteasome beta (PSMB) genes and may affect the proteasome's function in glioma, assembly and inhibitor binding. This study attempted to reveal the function of the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells, which is affected by proteasome 20S subunit beta 2 (PSMB2). We subjected the data downloaded from the TCGA database to ROC, survival, and enrichment analyses. After establishing the stable PSMB2 knockdown glioma cell line. We detect the changes in the proliferation, invasion and migration of glioma cells by plate colony formation assay, transwell assay, wound healing assay and flow cytometry and PSMB2 expression was verified by quantitative PCR and Western blotting to identify the mRNA and protein levels. PSMB2 expression was higher in glioma tissues, and its expression positively correlated with poor prognosis and high tumor grade and after PSMB2 knockdown, the proliferation, invasion and migration of glioma cells were weakened.

Corrigendum to Patterns of floristic inventory and plant collections in Myanmar [Plant Divers. 45 (3) (2023) 302-308]

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2023.01.008.].

Patterns of floristic inventory and plant collections in Myanmar

Myanmar is one of the most biodiverse countries in the Asia-Pacific region due to a wide range of climatic and environmental heterogeneity. Floristic diversity in Myanmar is largely unknown, resulting in a lack of comprehensive conservation plans. We developed a database of higher plants in Myanmar derived from herbarium specimens and literature sources, and analyzed patterns of diversity inventories and collection inconsistencies, aiming to provide a baseline floristic data of Myanmar and act as a guide for future research efforts. We collected 1,329,354 records of 16,218 taxa. Results show that the collection densities at the township level was variable, with 5% of townships having no floristic collections. No ecoregion had an average collection density of greater than 1 specimen/km2 and the lowest collection density was found in the Kayah-Karen Montane Rainforests, which covered 8% of Myanmar's total area. The highest sampling densities were found in Mandalay Region, Chin State, and Yangon Region. Despite floristic collections over the past three centuries, knowledge of the distribution of the vast majority of plant taxa remained limited, particularly for gymnosperms, pteridophytes, and bryophytes. More botanical surveys and further analyses are needed to better describe Myanmar's floristic diversity. An important strategy to promote knowledge of the biodiversity patterns in Myanmar is to improve the collection and digitalization of specimens and to strengthen cooperation among countries.

Integrin subunit alpha V is a potent prognostic biomarker associated with immune infiltration in lower-grade glioma

As a member of integrin receptor family, ITGAV (integrin subunit α V) is involved in a variety of cell biological processes and overexpressed in various cancers, which may be a potential prognostic factor. However, its prognostic value and potential function in lower-grade glioma (LGG) are still unclear, and in terms of immune infiltration, it has not been fully elucidated. Here, the expression preference, prognostic value, and clinical traits of ITGAV were investigated using The Cancer Genome Atlas database (n = 528) and the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas dataset (n = 458). Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) were used to explore the biological function of ITGAV. Using R package "ssGSEA" analysis, it was found thatthe ITGAV mRNA expression level showed intense correlation with tumor immunity, such as tumor-infiltrating immune cells and multiple immune-related genes. In addition, ITGAV is associated with some immune checkpoints and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and response to chemotherapy. and the expression of ITGAV protein in LGG patients was verified via immunohistochemistry (IHC). ITGAV expression was higher in LGG tissues than in normal tissues (P < 0.001) and multifactor analysis showed that ITGAV mRNA expression was an independent prognostic factor for LGG overall survival (OS; hazard ratio = 2.113, 95% confidence interval = 1.393-3.204, P < 0.001). GSEA showed that ITGAV expression was correlated with Inflammatory response, complement response, KRAS signal, and interferon response. ssGSEA results showed a positive correlation between ITGAV expression and Th2 cell infiltration level. ITGAV mRNA was overexpressed in LGG, and high ITGAV mRNA levels were found to be associated with poor protein expression and poor OS. ITGAV is therefore a potential biomarker for the diagnosis and prognosis of LGG and may be a potential immunotherapy target.

[Mechanical analysis of the impact of the morphology of the iris and ciliary body on the central vault after posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation]

Objective: To investigate the impact of the iris and ciliary body morphology on the central vault after phakic posterior chamber intraocular lens (pIOL) implantation. Methods: This research was based on the retrospective analysis of 123 patients (123 eyes) who underwent pIOL implantation in the Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University between June 2018 and June 2020. The anterior segment structure was observed with an ultrasound biomicroscope before surgery, and all morphological parameters of the iris and ciliary body were measured manually using the ImageJ software, including iris span (IS), iris convexity (IC), iris-ciliary body contact distance (ICCD) and iris-lens contact distance (ILCD). The ICCD was divided into Q1, Q2 and Q3 groups according to the equidistant distance of 0.36 mm. The lens thickness was measured with the IOLMaster. The horizontal corneal diameter and anterior chamber depth were measured using the Pentacam. The central vaults were measured by optical coherence tomography at 1 week, 3 months and 1 year after surgery. The relationships between vault values and preoperative parameters of the anterior segment were evaluated using the Pearson correlation analysis, Spearman correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression. The repeated measures ANOVA was applied to identify changes of vault values over time. Results: The mean values of the vaults at 1 week, 3 months and 1 year after surgery were (723±265) μm, (642±255) μm and (613±280) μm, respectively. The difference among them was statistically significant (F=50.143, P<0.001). The vaults continued to decline within 1 year after pIOL implantation, and the total decline was (122±86) μm. The vaults declined by (69±98) μm from postoperative 1 week to 3 months and by (52±54) μm from postoperative 3 months to 1 year. The regression formula showed that the pIOL size and ILCD were positively related with the vault, while the LT, IS and IC were negatively related with the vault at 1 week postoperatively (adjusted R²=0.404, P<0.001). The pIOL size and ILCD were positively related with the vault, while the IS and IC were negatively related with the vault at 3 months postoperatively (adjusted R²=0.342, P<0.001). The pIOL size was positively related with the vault, while the IS and IC were negatively related with the vault at 1 year postoperatively (adjusted R²=0.661, P<0.001). The vault values were higher in group Q3 compared to group Q1 at every timepoint, and the vault value was higher in group Q2 compared to Q1 at 1 year postoperatively. Conclusions: In the early postoperative period, eyes with a larger pIOL, shorter iris span, longer contact distance between the iris and ciliary body, and longer contact distance between the iris and lens were associated with a higher rate of excessive vaults. Meanwhile, eyes with a thicker lens and larger iris reverse convexity were more likely to obtain insufficient vaults. Within one year after surgery, the pIOL size, IS, IC and ICCD continued to impact on the vault. The ICCD, ILCD and IC can reflect the posterior chamber volume and change the haptic location and force, thus affecting the vault.

Regional scalable priorities for national biodiversity and carbon conservation planning in Asia

To achieve the goals of the post-2020 global biodiversity framework, we must identify representative targets that effectively protect biodiversity and can be implemented at a national level. We developed a framework to identify synergies between biodiversity and carbon across the Asian region and proposed a stepwise approach based on scalable priorities at regional, biome, and national levels that can complement potential Convention on Biological Diversity targets of protecting 30% land in the post-2020 global biodiversity framework. Our targets show that 30% of Asian land could effectively protect over 70% of all assessed species relative to only 11% now (based on analysis of 8932 terrestrial vertebrates), in addition to 2.3 to 3.6 hundred billion metric tons of carbon. Funding mechanisms are needed to ensure such targets to support biodiversity-carbon mutually beneficial solutions at the national level while reflecting broader priorities, especially in hyperdiverse countries where priorities exceed 30% of land.

Expression, methylation and prognostic feature of EMILIN2 in Low-Grade-Glioma

Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are slow-growing brain cancer in central nervous system neoplasms. EMILIN2 is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein which could influence the progress of some tumour which is unclear in LGG. In our study, the methylation, expression, prognosis and immune value of EMILIN2 in LGG were analysed through bioinformatics analysis. We analysed the LGG data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and discovered that the EMILIN2 expression, negatively correlated to the EMILIN2 methylation, could predict a poor prognosis and was associated with different clinical parameters. Moreover, univariate and multivariate Cox regression were performed in CGGA, which showed that the EMILIN2 could be an independent prognostic biomarker in LGG. Moreover, EMILIN2 expression showed a correlation with gene makers in some immune cells, which identified the significance of EMILIN2 in immune infiltration. Finally, we used RT-PCR to verify the EMILIN2 expression level in different grades which showed there were significantly different (P < 0.05). Similarly, high expression of EMILIN2 could predict a poor prognosis (P = 0.0078). In conclusion, EMILIN2 could act as an independent prognostic biomarker which might be associated with the malignancy and development of gliomas and play a crucial role in glioma in immune infiltration.

Detection and analysis of null alleles of amelogenin in gender identification

In this study, we located eight samples with null alleles of amelogenin out of 10,750 cases, and discussed the influence in gender identification and forensic personal identification. Amelogenin was detected and retested by several autosomal STR kits and sex chromosomal STR kits, and the causes were analyzed by chromosome karyotype analysis and Y chromosome microdeletion detection if necessary. Suspected AMEL-X loss was observed in five samples, but no abnormality was detected in the X-STR loci. AMEL-X was recovered when samples were retested by other detection systems designed with different primers. One sample had AMEL-X and X-STR loci loss, and the karyotype was chimeric 45,X0[70]/46,X,+mar[13].Two male samples lost AMEL-Y fragment, and both of them lost DYS522-DYS570-DYS576 loci, but no abnormalities were found in the STS loci of SRY and AZF regions. Therefore, when carrying out gender identification by using amelogenin, it is essential to focus on null alleles of amelogenin. In especially, deal with the samples collected from the individuals who had chromosomal hereditary disorders(e.g. Turner Syndrome and Oligospermia / Azoospermia). In order to achieve this, laboratories should have various techniques to verify the null alleles of amelogenin and ensure accurate genotyping. Accurate genotyping of amelogenin and DNA database establishment are vital for personal identification.

Construction of a competitive endogenous RNA network and analysis of potential regulatory axis targets in glioblastoma

BACKGROUND

Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor. Because of the limited understanding of its pathogenesis, the prognosis of glioblastoma remains poor. This study was conducted to explore potential competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network chains and biomarkers in glioblastoma by performing integrated bioinformatics analysis.

METHODS

Transcriptome expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and Gene Expression Omnibus were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes between glioblastoma and normal tissues. Biological pathways potentially associated with the differentially expressed genes were explored by Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, and a protein-protein interaction network was established using the STRING database and Cytoscape. Survival analysis using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis was based on the Kaplan-Meier curve method. A ceRNA network chain was established using the intersection method to align data from four databases (miRTarBase, miRcode, TargetScan, and lncBace2.0), and expression differences and correlations were verified by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis and by determining the Pearson correlation coefficient. Additionally, an MTS assay and the wound-healing and transwell assays were performed to evaluate the effects of complement C1s (C1S) on the viability and migration and invasion abilities of glioblastoma cells, respectively.

RESULTS

We detected 2842 differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs, 2577 DE long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and 309 DE microRNAs (miRNAs) that were dysregulated in glioblastoma. The final ceRNA network consisted of six specific lncRNAs, four miRNAs, and four mRNAs. Among them, four DE mRNAs and one DE lncRNA were correlated with overall survival (p < 0.05). C1S was significantly correlated with overall survival (p= 0.015). In functional assays, knockdown of C1S inhibited the proliferation and invasion of glioblastoma cell lines.

CONCLUSIONS

We established four ceRNA networks that may influence the occurrence and development of glioblastoma. Among them, the MIR155HG/has-miR-129-5p/C1S axis is a potential marker and therapeutic target for glioblastoma. Knockdown of C1S inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioblastoma cells. These findings clarify the role of the ceRNA regulatory network in glioblastoma and provide a foundation for further research.

Aerobic degradation of 4-fluoroaniline and 2,4-difluoroaniline: performance and microbial community in response to the inocula

In this study, a distinct inoculum was investigated as an isolated variable within sequencing batch reactors via a comparison of the 4-fluoroaniline (4-FA) or 2,4-difluoroaniline (2,4-DFA) removal amounts. The inocula were derived from a treatment plant for treating pharmaceutical wastewater plus a small amount of municipal sewage (PMS), a treatment plant for treating fluoridated hydrocarbon wastewater (FHS), and a treatment plant for treating the comprehensive wastewater in an industrial park (CIS). There were slight differences among the degradation patterns of the 4-FA for the three inocula, whether during the enrichment period or the high concentration shock period. In contrast, it was observed that the degradation efficiency of 2,4-DFA initially varied with the inocula. The FHS-derived inoculum was determined to be optimal, exhibiting the earliest degradation reaction only after an acclimation of 7 days had the highest degradation rate constant of 0.519 h^-1, and had the fastest recovery time of three weeks after high concentration shock. Additionally, compared with the PMS-derived inoculum, the CIS-derived inoculum exhibited an earlier degradation reaction within three weeks, and a higher microbial diversity, but a lower shock resistance and degradation rate constant of 0.257 h^-1. High-throughput sequencing demonstrated that each final consortium was different in composition, and the microbial consortia developed well on the inoculum and substrate. In comparison of the similarity among the three 2,4-DFA enrichment cultures, the higher similarity (63.9-70.0%) among three final consortia enriching with 4-FA was observed. The results indicated that the inoculum played an important role in the degradation of FAs and the microbial bacterial communities of final consortia, and the effect extent might well depend on the fluorinated level of FAs.

Knockdown lncRNA DLEU1 Inhibits Gliomas Progression and Promotes Temozolomide Chemosensitivity by Regulating Autophagy

Gliomas are the most fatal malignant cerebral tumors. Temozolomide (TMZ), as the primary chemotherapy drug, has been widely used in clinics. However, resistance of TMZ still remains to poor defined. LncRNAs have been reported to play crucial roles in progression of various cancers and resistance of multiple drugs. However, the biological function and underlying mechanisms of most lncRNAs in glioma still remains unclear. Based on the TCGA database, a total of 94 differentially expressed lncRNAs, including 16 up-regulated genes and 78 downregulated genes were identified between gliomas and normal brain tissues. Subsequently, lncRNA DLEU1, HOTAIR, and LOC00132111 were tested to be significantly related to overall survival (OS) between high- and low-expression groups. Additionally, we verified that lncRNA DLEU1 was high expressed in 108 gliomas, compared with 19 normal brain tissues. And high expression of lncRNA DLEU1 predicted a poor prognosis (HR = 1.703, 95%CI: 1.133–2.917, p-value = 0.0159). Moreover, functional assays revealed that knockdown of lncRNA DLEU1 could suppress the proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest at G1 phase and reducing the S phase by down-regulating the CyclinD1 and p-AKT, as the well as migration and invasion by inhibiting the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, such as ZEB1, N-cadherin, β-catenin and snail in glioma cells. Furthermore, silencing lncRNA DLEU1 suppressed TMZ-activated autophagy via regulating the expression of P62 and LC3, and promoted sensitivity of glioma cells to TMZ by triggering apoptosis. Conclusively, our study indicated that lncRNA DLEU1 might perform as a prognostic potential target and underlying therapeutic target for sensitivity of glioma to TMZ.

M6A RNA Methylation Regulator HNRNPC Contributes to Tumorigenesis and Predicts Prognosis in Glioblastoma Multiforme

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant glioma with a high death rate. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation plays an increasingly important role in tumors. The current study aimed to determine the function of the regulators of m6A RNA methylation in GBM. We evaluated the difference, interaction, and correlation of these regulators with TCGA database. HNRNPC, WTAP, YTHDF2 and, YTHDF1 were significantly upregulated in GBM. To explore the expression characteristics of regulators in GBM, we defined two subgroups through consensus cluster. HNRNPC, WTAP, and YTHDF2 were significantly upregulated in the cluster2 which had a good overall survival (OS). To investigate the prognostic value of regulators, we used lasso cox regression algorithm to screen an independent prognostic risk characteristic based on the expression of HNRNPC, ZC3H13, and YTHDF2. The prognostic feature between the low and high-risk groups was significantly different (P < 0.05), which could predict significance of prognosis (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.819). Moreover, we used western blot, RT-PCR, and immunohistochemical staining to verify the expression of HNRNPC was associated with malignancy and development of gliomas. Similarly, the high expression of HNRNPC had a good prognosis. In conclusion, HNRNPC is a vital participant in the malignant progression of GBM and might be valuable for prognosis.

Positive association between soil arsenic concentration and mortality from alzheimer's disease in mainland China

OBJECTIVES

The current study was designed to investigate the relationship between the soil arsenic (As) concentration and the mortality from Alzheimer's disease (AD) in mainland China.

STUDY DESIGN

Ecological study.

METHODS

Twenty-two provinces and 3 municipal districts in mainland China were included in this study. The As concentrations in soil in 1990 was obtained from the China State Environmental Protection Bureau; the data on annual mortality of AD from 1991 to 2000 were obtained from the National Death Cause Surveillance Database of China. Using these data, we calculated the spearman correlation coefficient between soil As concentration and AD mortality, and the relative risk (RR) between soil As levels and AD mortality by quartile-dividing study groups.

RESULTS

The spearman correlation coefficient between As concentration and AD mortality was 0.552 (p = 0.004), 0.616 (p = 0.001) and 0.622 (p = 0.001) in the A soil As (eluvial horizon), the C soil As (parent material horizon), and the Total soil As (A soil As + C soil As), respectively. When the A soil As concentration was over 9.05 mg/kg, 10.40 mg/kg and 13.10 mg/kg, the relative risk was 0.835 (95 % CI: 0.832, 0.838), 1.969 (95 %CI: 1.955, 1.982), and 2.939 (95 % CI: 2.920, 2.958), respectively; when the C soil As reached 9.45 mg/kg, 11.10 mg/kg and 13.55 mg/kg, the relative risk was 4.349 (95 % CI: 4.303, 4.396), 6.108 (95 % CI: 6.044, 6.172), and 9.125 (95 %CI: 9.033, 9.219), respectively. No correlation was found between lead, cadmium, and mercury concentration in the soil and AD mortality.

CONCLUSION

There was an apparent soil As concentration dependent increase in AD mortality. Results of this study may provide evidence for a possible causal linkage between arsenic exposure and the death risk from AD.

Aerobic degradation of 2- and 3-fluoroaniline in mixed culture systems and microbial community analysis

Among three monofluoroanilines, 2-fluoroaniline (2-FA) and 3-fluoroaniline (3-FA) exhibit relatively poor biodegradability. This work examined their degradation characteristics in a mixed culture system and also analyzed the microorganism community. After acclimation for 58 d and 43 d, the high removal efficiency of 100% of 2-FA and 95.3% of 3-FA was obtained by adding 25 mg L^-1 of 2-FA or 3-FA to the two reactors, respectively. In addition, the high defluorination rates of 2-FA and 3-FA were observed to be 87.0% and 89.3%, respectively. The degradation kinetics showed that the maximum specific degradation rates of 2-FA and 3-FA were (21.23 ± 0.91) mg FA (g•VSS·h)^-1, and (11.75 ± 0.99) mg FA (g•VSS·h)^-1, respectively. PCR-DGGE analysis revealed that the unique bacteria degrading 2-FA were mainly composed of six genera (Novosphingobium, Bradyrhizobium, Aquaspirillum, Aminobacter, Ochrobactrum, and Labrys), and five genera that degraded 3-FA (Ochrobactrum, Aquaspirillum, Lachnobacterium, Bradyrhizobium, and Variovorax). Analysis of the key catabolic enzyme activities indicated that the simultaneous hydroxylation and dehalogenation were involved in monooxygenase elimination of 2-FA and conversion of 3-FA to 4-fluorocatechol by dioxygenase, indicating that enriched mixed cultures were effective to metabolize 2-FA or 3-FA by unconventional pathways to prevent the accumulation of toxic metabolites.

Microsurgical resection of trigone ventricular meningiomas using the parieto-occipital approach: a retrospective analysis of 47 cases and literature review

BACKGROUND

To investigate the risk factors of preoperative and postoperative treatment for trigone ventricular meningioma and the clinical efficacy of microsurgical resection of the neoplasm using the parieto-occipital approach.

METHODS

Forty-seven trigone ventricular meningiomas were resected using the parieto-occipital approach in one institute from January 2015 to January 2019. Patients were postoperative followed up for 3 months to 3 years. Karnofsky performance status (KPS) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) were used to assess patient's performance status and consciousness. Clinical data including patients' characteristics, surgical procedure, and postoperative management were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTS

Microsurgery achieved total removal of the tumor in 46 cases with no obvious residue (97.9%), and subtotal removal in 1 case (2.1%). No deaths occurred. Preoperative symptoms of neurology were significantly improved. There was a significant difference in preoperative KPS and postoperative KPS (P<0.05). No difference was found in GCS. Compared to patients with peritumoral brain edema (PTBE), KPS of patients without PTBE was significantly increased (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

PTBE may be a risk factor for preoperative neurological symptoms. Furthermore, the parieto-occipital approach is a safe and effective surgical approach in resecting trigone ventricular meningioma.

Degradation of 3-fluoroanilne by Rhizobium sp. JF-3

The interest of fluoroanilines in the environment is due to their extensive applications in industry and their low natural biodegradability. A pure bacterial strain capable of degrading 3-fluoroaniline (3-FA) as the sole source of carbon and energy was isolated from a sequencing batch reactor operating for the treatment of 3-FA. The strain (designated as JF-3) was identified by 16S rRNA gene analysis as a member of the genus Rhizobium. When grown in 3-FA medium at concentrations of 100-700 mg/L, strain JF-3 almost completely removed 3-FA within 72 h. However, the obvious cell growth inhibition was observed in cultures treated with 3-FA concentrations greater than 500 mg/L. The degradation kinetics of 3-FA were consistent with Haldane's model with the maximum degradation rate as 67.66 mg/(g dry cell h). The growth kinetics of strain JF-3 followed Andrew's model with the maximum growth rate as 30.87 h^-1. Also, strain JF-3 was able to degrade 4-fluoroaniline, aniline, and catechol, but hardly grew on 2-fluoroaniline, 2,4-dfluoroaniline, 2,3,4-trifluoroaniline, 3-fluorocatechol, and 4-fluorocatechol. Additionally, it was able to grow over a wide pH range (pH 6-10), and also showed tolerance to salinity with lower than 1.0%. This result, in combination with the enzyme assays and analysis of metabolite intermediates, indicated an unconventional pathway for 3-fluoroaniline metabolism that involved conversion to 3-aminophenol and resorcinol by monooxygenase, and which was subsequently metabolized via the ortho-cleavage pathway. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the utilization of 3-FA as a growth substrate by Rhizobium sp.

1H NMR-based metabolomics approach to investigating the renal protective effects of Genipin in diabetic rats

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the various complications of diabetes mellitus, affecting patients for lifetime. Earlier studies have revealed that genipin can not only improve diabetes, but also induce cytotoxicity. Therefore, it is not clear which effect of genipin on kidneys occurs, when it is used in the treatment of diabetes. In the present study, we performed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics analysis of urine and kidney tissue samples obtained from diabetic rats to explore the change of endogenous metabolites associated with diabetes and concomitant kidney disease. Nine significant differential metabolites that were closely related to renal function were screened. They were mainly related to three metabolic pathways: synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism, and butanoate metabolism, which are involved in methylamine metabolism, energy metabolism and amino acid metabolism. In addition, after the intervention of genipin, the metabolic levels of all the metabolites tended to be normal, indicating a protective effect of genipin on kidneys. Our results may be helpful for understanding the antidiabetic effect of genipin.

[The outcomes comparison between autologous incus and titanium PORP in Austin A and C type ossicle defect cases]

Objective: A series of otitis media patients with Austin A and C type ossicles defects received ossicular chain reconstruction surgery using either autologous incus or titanium partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP).The hearing outcomes and exclusion rate of prosthesis were compared between these two groups. Method: One hundred and seventy-six patients with chronic otitis media underwent ossiculoplasty in our hospital during 2016-2017. These patients were divided into 2 groups: group A consisted of those receiving autologous incus replacement (n=85), and group B consisted of those receiving titanium PORP (n=91). All the patients received CWD mastoidectomy and ossiculoplasty in one stage and were followedup in postoperative 3, 6 and 12 months. Result: The postoperative hearing improvement rates in group A and B were 85.88% and 92.31%, respectively, and there was no statistical difference. No statistical difference of the postoperative hearing improvement rates was observed between Austin A and C type in 2 groups. Three cases (3.29%) had ossicle exclusion in B group, and 0 case in A group, which was not statistical different (P>0.05). Conclusion: Patients receiving ossicular chain reconstruction surgery using autologous incus show similar hearing outcomes as those using titanium PORP. The risk of prosthesis exclusion is lower for autologous incus than titanium PORP. The residual handle of malleus has no obvious influence on the postoperative hearing improvement.

[The differences of myringoplasty performed in active and inactive nflammatory stage]

Objective:Through comparing of simple underlay myringoplasty performed in active and inactive inflammatory stage of the chronic otitis media, to explore how the tympanic cavity inflammation affect the outcome of the myringoplasty.Method：Forty-six ears were enrolled in active inflammation group (group A,n=46), and 52 ears were enrolled in inactive inflammation group (group B,n=52). All the patients had received the simple underlay technique myringoplasty. The following-up with otoscope and auditory test had been done in post-operative 12 months.Result:There was no statistic difference of gender and age between two groups. The graft taken-up rate of the group A was 87,0%, that of group B was 90,4%, and there was no statistic difference between two groups(P>0.05).There was no statistic difference of auditory threshold in pre-operative period(P>0.05) and the ABG closure in post-operative period(P>0.05)between two groups. The re-perforation rate of the tympanic membrane also has no difference between two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion：There is no difference of the underlay technique myringoplasty between the active inflammatory stage and inactive inflammatory stage. The active inflammatory condition of the tympanic cavity is not the contraindication of the myringoplasty.

[Study on TLC identification and UPLC determination method of atractylenolide in Atractylodes macrocephala]

This research is to establish TLC and UPLC methods for simultaneous determination of 3 atractylenolides in Atractylodes macrocephala. Silica gel GF254 plate was used for identification of A. macrocephala, and UPLC-PDA gradient elution method was used to simultaneously determine atractylenolide Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ. The Waters BEH C₁₈ column（2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm）with acetonitrile-water as mobile phase and the wavelength of UV detector of 235 nm were performed. The quality control study showed that the characteristic for identification by TLC was distinct and highly specific. The method of content determination was in accordance with the regulations. The quantitative evaluation of atractylenolide Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ was in good linear range（r>0.999 9）, and the average recovery was 93.48%（RSD 1.4%）,94.97%（RSD 1.6%）,92.71%（RSD 1.2%）,respectively. TLC identification was in good specificity and repeatability, and the UPLC-PDA method for the simultaneous determination of 3 atractylenolides was simple and reliable for the quality control of A.macrocephala.

[The efficacy and safety of ultrafiltration for patients with heart failure: results from a single-center randomized controlled study]

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ultrafiltration in patients with heart failure. Methods: One hundred and thirty four cases of patients with heart failure, who hospitalized in our hospital from June 2010 to June 2016 were enrolled in this study. Random serial number was generated using SPSS 22.0 software, patients were then randomly divided into control group and ultrafiltration group with the proportion of 1∶1 (67 cases in each group). Patients in the control group received standard therapy. Patients in the ultrafiltration group received ultrafiltration therapy for 8 hours. Curative effect was evaluated after 8 hours treatment in the control group and after 12 hours in the ultrafiltration group. Following parameters were compared between the two groups: body weight, dyspnea score and 6 minutes walking distance as well as blood pressure, heart rate, Na(+) , K(+) , Cl(-), pH, HCO(3)(-), Hb, PLT, Cr, BUN levels. Results: (1)Two patients died during run-in process and eventually 132 cases were chosen for final analysis (65 cases in control group and 67 cases in the ultrafiltration group). Gender, age, type of heart failure, dyspnea score, body weight at baseline were similar between the two groups. (2)Post therapy, patients' body weight decreased obviously, while dyspnea score and 6 minutes walking distance increased significantly in the ultrafiltration group compared to baseline(all P<0.05), and the improvement was significantly greater compared to control group(all P<0.05). (3)The safety index comparison of two groups: blood pressure, heart rate, Na(+) , K(+) , Cl(-), pH, HCO(3)(-), Hb, PLT, Cr, and BUN were similar between the two groups at baseline and post therapy. Conclusion: Ultrafiltration therapy is safe and effective to treat patients with heart failure.

RNAi targeting Nogo Receptor enhanced survival and proliferation of murine retinal ganglion cells during N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced optic nerve crush

We investigated the effects of lentivirus-mediated RNAi targeting of Nogo Receptor (NgR) on the proliferation and survival of murine retinal ganglion cells (mRGCs) in vitro and in vivo. Cultured mRGCs and C57BL/6 male mice were divided into 4 experimental groups: blank, model [100 μM N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)], nscRNA (100 μM NMDA+ nscRNA vectors) and siNgR (100 μM NMDA+ siNgR vectors). CCK-8 and flow cytometry analyses revealed that silencing NgR enhanced proliferation, cell cycling and survival of NMDA-treated mRGCs. H&E staining showed that NgR silencing enhanced mRGC cell density and reduced angiogenesis in NMDA-treated retinal tissues. TUNEL assays showed that mRGC apoptosis was significantly diminished by NgR silencing in NMDA-treated retinal tissues. Western blotting and qRT-PCR analysis in NMDA-treated mRGCs and murine retinal tissues revealed that NgR silencing resulted in downregulation of RhoA signaling (RhoA and ROCK2). Western blotting showed that levels of activated Bax and cleaved caspase 3 were decreased, while Bcl-2 and pro-caspase 3 were increased in NMDA-treated mRGCs and murine retinal tissues, which corroborated the decreased apoptosis. These findings indicate that NgR gene silencing increases proliferation and survival of mRGCs in NMDA-treated murine retinas, which suggests a potential for therapeutic application to preventing optic nerve damage.

[Retrospective analysis of outcomes of selectively or spontaneously reduced multiple pregnancies out of 6 917 in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer pregnancy cycles]

Objective: To analyze the effects of fetal reduction in early pregnancy on obstetric and neonatal outcomes of spontaneously or selectively reduced multiple pregnancies produced by in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). Methods: Retrospective study of 6 917 clinical pregnancies from IVF-ET cycles, including 754 multiple pregnancies divided into two groups according to the remaining fetus number: reduced singleton group (n=599) and reduced twin group (n=155); and maternal and neonatal outcomes of two groups were compared to primary singleton group (n=3 589) and primary twin group (n=2 574). Results: The rate of pregnancy complication [9.85%(59/599) versus 6.21%(223/3 589)], preterm birth [19.37%(116/599) versus 10.73%(385/3 589)], low birth weight [9.71%(56/577) versus 4.57% (152/3 324)], perinatal death [0.69%(4/577) versus 0.12%(4/3 324)] and malformation [2.95%(17/577) versus 1.02%(34/3 324)] in reduced singleton group were significantly higher than those in primary singleton group (all P<0.01). There were no significant differences between reduced twin group and primary twin group (all P>0.05). In reduced singleton group, birth defect rate was 2.95%, which was higher than those of the other three groups (P<0.05), in this group spontaneous pregnancy reduction accounted for 89.3% (535/599). Conclusions: (1) The rate of pregnancy complication, preterm birth, low birth weight, perinatal death and malformation in reduced singleton group are still higher than primary singletons, suggesting embryo reduction only is a compensated method in multiple pregnancies. Limiting the number of embryos transferred is the essential solution. (2) The rate of birth defect in spontaneous pregnancy reduction group is higher, so prenatal examination should be reinforced in this group.

Interfering EZH2 Expression Reverses the Cisplatin Resistance in Human Ovarian Cancer by Inhibiting Autophagy

We aimed to determine the effects of the inhibition of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) gene expression on the cisplatin resistance of the human ovarian cancer cell line, SKOV3/DDP, and to identify the underlying mechanisms. SKOV3/DDP cells were stably transfected with pSUPER-EZH2 (EZH2 RNA interference plasmid) or pcDNA3.1-EZH2 (EZH2 gene overexpression plasmid) using the lipofection method. Real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting confirmed that EZH2 expression was downregulated in pSUPER-EZH2-transfected cells. Flow cytometry revealed that EZH2 inhibition did not induce apoptosis, but significantly inhibited autophagy. In addition, it significantly increased the expression of the cellular senescence-signaling proteins p14(ARF), p16(INK4a), p53, pRb, and p21, and significantly decreased the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)1, CDK2, and H3K27me3. Cellular senescence was characterized by a significant increase in the G0/G1 ratio and the restoration of sensitivity to cisplatin in the drug-resistant cells. These findings suggest that interfering with EZH2 expression can inhibit SKOV3/DDP cell autophagy and reverse resistance to cisplatin. The underlying mechanisms could be associated with the regulation of the cellular senescence-signaling pathway.

A two-step method for identification of the Chinese glutinous rice Suyunuo, based on ISSR-SCAR and allele-specific markers

Suyunuo is a valuable glutinous rice variety cultivated mainly in the Lake Taihu area of China. Historically, Suyunuo was presented to emperors as a tribute, and, still today, enjoys a great reputation in China. This study aimed to develop a unique, specific molecular marker for the identification of Suyunuo rice. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers was performed on Suyunuo and 11 other glutinous rice varieties that are mainly cultivated in the Yangtze River Delta region. A Suyunuo-specific band was detected in the PCR products generated from primer ISSR-807. A sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) primer pair targeting a Suyunuo-specific band was subsequently designed. The SCAR primers amplified a target band in all individuals of Suyunuo and in four glutinous indica varieties, whereas no bands were found in the seven glutinous japonica varieties. Subsequently, sequences amplified by the SCAR primer pair were analyzed to facilitate the design of Suyunuo allele-specific primers. The allele-specific primer pair produced target bands in all individuals of Suyunuo rice but no bands in individuals of any of the other 11 rice varieties. This study provides a theoretical guideline for rice germplasm identification and innovation of other valuable rice landraces.

[Efficacy and safety of a novel ultrafiltration device for treating patients with refractory heart failure]

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new ultrafiltration device for treating refractory heart failure patients.

METHODS

A total of 52 patients (37 male, age 29-85(33±44)years) with refractory heart failure were treated using a new ultrafiltration device (FQ-16). Body weight, dyspnea score, oxygen saturation (SatO2), left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), BUN, creatinine, electrolytes and blood gas analysis were assessed before and after the treatment. Hypotension event and other main adverse events were recorded.

RESULTS

Ultrafiltration duration ranged between 8-22 hours. Total ultrafiltration volume was (4 489±1 548) ml. Compared with baseline, patients' body weight decreased from (75.3±8.74) kg to (69.8±8.39) kg (P<0.01), dyspnea score improved from 2.47±1.55 to 12.87±3.61 (P<0.01) and SatO2 increased from 91.0±6.01 to 96.4±2.52 (P<0.01) and LVEF increased from (30.0±4.1)% to (36.0±4.3)% (P<0.01) after ultrafiltration. Blood creatinine, BUN, electrolytes and blood gas analysis values were similar at baseline and post ultrafiltration. No hypotension event and other main adverse events occurred during the ultrafiltration treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

The novel ultrafiltration device adequately relieved hypervolemia and dyspnea in patients with refractory heart failure and the treatment process is safe in this patient cohort.

Analysis of genetic diversity of Brassica rapa var. chinensis using ISSR markers and development of SCAR marker specific for Fragrant Bok Choy, a product of geographic indication

Non-heading Chinese cabbage [Brassica rapa var. chinensis (Linnaeus) Kitamura] is a popular vegetable and is also used as a medicinal plant in traditional Chinese medicine. Fragrant Bok Choy is a unique accession of non-heading Chinese cabbage and a product of geographic indication certified by the Ministry of Agriculture of China, which is noted for its rich aromatic flavor. However, transitional and overlapping morphological traits can make it difficult to distinguish this accession from other non-heading Chinese cabbages. This study aimed to develop a molecular method for efficient identification of Fragrant Bok Choy. Genetic diversity analysis, based on inter-simple sequence repeat molecular markers, was conducted for 11 non-heading Chinese cabbage accessions grown in the Yangtze River Delta region. Genetic similarity coefficients between the 11 accessions ranged from 0.5455 to 0.8961, and the genetic distance ranged from 0.0755 to 0.4475. Cluster analysis divided the 11 accessions into two major groups. The primer ISSR-840 amplified a fragment specific for Fragrant Bok Choy. A pair of specific sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) primers based on this fragment amplified a target band in Fragrant Bok Choy individuals, but no band was detected in individuals of other accessions. In conclusion, this study has developed an efficient strategy for authentication of Fragrant Bok Choy. The SCAR marker described here will facilitate the conservation and utilization of this unique non-heading Chinese cabbage germplasm resource.

Study of Trichostation A-Induced Expression of Costimulatory Molecules CD80 and CD86 in Acute Myelocytic Leukemia Cells

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the trichostain A (TSA)-induced expression of costinmulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 in HL-60, K562 and mononuclear cells (MNC) of bone marrow in AML patients and its clinical significance.

METHODS

The TSA-induced expression of costimulatory molecules CD80, CD86 in HL-60, K562 and BMMNC, and the cell viability were detected by flow cytometry; the mRNA expression of CD80 and CD86 was detected by RT-PCR; after the TSA-induced HL-60 cells and K562 cells were irradiated with 75 Gy, the effect of these cells on proliferation of PBMNC from healthy volunteers was determined with CCK-8 method.

RESULTS

The HL-60 cells and BMMNC in AML patients expressed CD86, not expressed CD80, while the K562 cells not expressed CD86 and CD80. TSA could up-regulate the expression of CD86 in HL-60 cells and BMMNC of AML patients. The TSA-induced HL-60 cells expressing costimulatory molecule CD86 showed the proliferative effect on BMMNC from healthy volunteers.

CONCLUSION

The TSA can induce the expression of costimulatory molecule CD86 in HL-60 cells and BMMNC in AML patients, and can improve the proliferation of PBMNC in healthy volunteers.

Positive relationship between mortality from Alzheimer's disease and soil metal concentration in mainland China

An imbalance of metal ions is implicated in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the relationship between the annual mortality of AD and ionic concentration (iron, zinc, copper, and aluminum) in the soil in mainland China. The AD annual mortality data were from 26 provinces and 3 municipal districts within mainland China between the years 1991 and 2000 and provided by the National Death Cause Surveillance Database of China. The ionic concentration in soil was provided by the China State Environmental Protection Bureau, which was published in 1990. The results showed that the relative risk of mortality in the regions with the highest copper concentrations (60-80 mg/kg) reached 2.634 (95% CI: 2.626-2.642) compared with the regions that had the lowest copper concentrations. The relative risk was 1.292 (95% CI: 1.290-1.294) and 1.248 (95% CI: 1.245-1.251) when the soil iron concentrations exceeded 3 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg, respectively. When the soil zinc concentration was over 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, the relative risk was 1.870 (95% CI: 1.859-1.881) and 2.289 (95% CI: 2.276-2.304), respectively. However, the relative risk was 0.560 (95% CI: 0.559-0.561), 0.604 (95% CI: 0.603-0.605), and 0.267 (95% CI: 0.265-0.268) when the soil aluminum concentration was over 6 mg/kg, 7 mg/kg, and 8 mg/kg, respectively. This study suggests that high concentrations of iron and copper in the soil might be associated with the high AD annual mortality in this region in China, while aluminum had no association with AD mortality.

[Association between CHI3L1 SNPs and susceptibility to childhood asthma]

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the association between CHI3L1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the susceptibility to childhood asthma.

METHODS

A total of 316 children diagnosed with asthma between January 2011 and October 2013 and 297 healthy children were selected as asthma group and control group respectively. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all subjects. Chemiluminescence and flow cytometry were applied to measure total IgE level and the percentage of eosinophils. ELISA was used to measure YKL-40 level. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood hemocytes, and the genotype and allele frequencies at CHI3L1 SNPs rs4950928, rs10399805, and rs883125 were determined by MALDI-TOP mass spectrometry.

RESULTS

The total IgE and YKL-40 levels were significantly higher in the asthma group than in the control group (P<0.05), while the percentage of eosinophils showed no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The frequency of GG genotype at rs883125 in the asthma group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). For rs4950928, the asthma group had a significantly lower frequency of CC genotype (P<0.05) but a significantly higher frequency of CG genotype (P<0.05) compared with the control group. In the asthma group, the patients with GG and CG genotypes at rs4950928 had significantly increased total IgE and YKL-40 levels compared with those with CC genotype at this locus (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

YKL-40 is a potential molecular biomarker for the primary diagnosis of childhood asthma. CHI3L1 SNPs rs4950928 and rs883125 may be associated with childhood asthma. G allele at rs4950928 may increase the risk of childhood asthma.

Hedyotis diffusa Willd extract inhibits the growth of human glioblastoma cells by inducing mitochondrial apoptosis via AKT/ERK pathways

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

Hedyotis diffusa Willd (Rubiaceae) (HDW) has been widely applied for the treatment of tumors, inflammation and toxication in traditional Chinese medicine. The antitumor effect of HDW on glioblastoma has been rarely reported. We aim to evaluate the activity of this extract and explore the underlying mechanism in U87 human glioblastoma cell line.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Cytotoxicity of HDW extract on U87 cells was measured by MTT assay. Apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse induced by HDW extract were determined by flow cytometry. Caspase activity was analyzed based on colorimetric assay with a microplate spectrophotometer. Protein expression was examined by Western blot.

RESULTS

HDW extract suppressed U87 cells growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Flow cytometry showed that HDW extract induced significant apoptosis, S/G2-M phase arrest and MMP collapse in U87 cells. Furthermore, dose-dependent activation of caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bax and ERK was observed with HDW extract treatment. Decreased Bcl-2/Bax ratio and Akt suppression were readily found as well.

CONCLUSIONS

Induction of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis played an essential role in antitumor activity of HDW extract in U87 cells, in which ERKs and Akt signaling proteins were also involved. These findings contributed to the feasibility of using HDW extract in glioblastoma treatment and the understanding of the molecular mechanism.

Assessing genetic divergence in interspecific hybrids of Aechmea gomosepala and A. recurvata var. recurvata using inflorescence characteristics and sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers

Conventional hybridization and selection techniques have aided the development of new ornamental crop cultivars. However, little information is available on the genetic divergence of bromeliad hybrids. In the present study, we investigated the genetic variability in interspecific hybrids of Aechmea gomosepala and A. recurvata var. recurvata using inflorescence characteristics and sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers. The morphological analysis showed that the putative hybrids were intermediate between both parental species with respect to inflorescence characteristics. The 16 SRAP primer combinations yield 265 bands, among which 154 (57.72%) were polymorphic. The genetic similarity was an average of 0.59 and ranged from 0.21 to 0.87, indicating moderate genetic divergence among the hybrids. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA)-based cluster analysis distinguished the hybrids from their parents with a genetic distance coefficient of 0.54. The cophenetic correlation was 0.93, indicating a good fit between the dendrogram and the original distance matrix. The two-dimensional plot from the principal coordinate analysis showed that the hybrids were intermediately dispersed between both parents, corresponding to the results of the UPGMA cluster and the morphological analysis. These results suggest that SRAP markers could help to identify breeders, characterize F(1) hybrids of bromeliads at an early stage, and expedite genetic improvement of bromeliad cultivars.

[In-situ FTIR study on the absorption and transformation of glyoxal on the surface of dust particles]

Glyoxal is one of the most important volatile organic compounds in the atmosphere. The reactions of glyoxal in the gaseous and aqueous phases and on the surfaces of secondary inorganic acidic aerosols can lead to atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. However, up to now, there is no report on the heterogeneous reaction of glyoxal on dust particles. The present work investigated the heterogeneous absorption and transformation mechanisms of glyoxal on SiO2 and alpha-Al2 O3 particles. The progress of heterogeneous reaction conducted in the flow tube reactor was in situ monitored by transmission Fourier transform Infrared (T-FTIR). The reaction products were analyzed by combining T-FTIR with HPLC, IC, and HPLC-MS. It was found that oligomers form after the glyoxal is absorbed onto the particles (SiO2 and alpha-Al2 O3); and for alpha-Al2 O3, organic acids form on the particle surface in absence of illumination and oxidants. Moreover, it was revealed that water vapor favors the formation of oligomers, but suppresses the production of organic acids. These findings help further understand the SOA formation from the heterogeneous reaction of glyoxal on dust in the atmosphere.

Changes in blood oxidative and antioxidant parameters in a group of Chinese patients with age-related macular degeneration

OBJECTIVE

To measure the oxidative and antioxidant biochemical parameters in the serum of Chinese patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and in a similar age control group from the same area.

DESIGN

A case-control study.

PARTICIPANTS

56 AMD patients ( 21 early dry, 13 geographic atrophy and 22 wet form) and 34 normal subjects, similar for age and sex were studied.

MEASUREMENTS

Both groups completed a questionnaire about demographic characters and dieatry habit, and the levels of serum lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde, MDA) and antioxidants parameters (vitamin C and E, the activities of superoxide dismutase--SOD, total antioxidant capacity--TAC ) were determined.

RESULTS

There was a significantly higher frequency of daily intake of fruit and legumes in controls than in AMD patients. There was a significantly increased serum MDA levels and SOD activities, and significantly decreased serum vitamin C and total antioxidant capacity in AMD patients as compared to controls. The intensity of lipid peroxidation was higher with the progression of AMD. There was not difference in serum vitamin E levels between AMD patients and controls.

CONCLUSION

Oxido-reduction disturbance may be involved in the pathogenesis of AMD. There is a significantly decreased antioxidant capacity in AMD patients.

Assessment of ischemia-modified albumin levels for emergency room diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome

BACKGROUND

The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the utility of assessing ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels for diagnosing acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients presenting to the emergency room (ER) with chest pain.

METHODS

The records of patients admitted to the ER with chest pain between August 2006 and December 2008 were examined. Those subsequently diagnosed with ACS were included in the study. Serum IMA and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations were determined in blood samples obtained from patients within 3h of ER admission and on days 1, 3, 7 and 14. IMA and cTnI cut-off values for diagnosis of ACS were employed and the successful diagnosis rates were compared.

RESULTS

Of the patients diagnosed with ACS following ER presentation with acute chest pain, the correct diagnosis rate was significantly higher as determined by assessment of IMA vs. cTnI concentrations within 3h of ER presentation (81.02% vs. 42.34%, P<0.01). Thereafter there were no between marker differences in rates of successful diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings support the notion that IMA may be a useful biochemical marker for the early diagnosis of ACS, particularly in patients presenting to the ER with acute chest pain.

[Molecular tagging and mapping of QTLs for super quality fiber properties in upland cotton]

A G. anomalum introgression line, 7235, characterized as super quality fiber properties, was used to identify molecular markers linked to fiber property QTLs. By use of (7235 x TM-1)F2 in Nanjing and College Station, USA, and (7235 x TM-1)F3 in Nanjing and Hainan. Bulked segregation analysis was employed to produce 3 pairs of mixed DNA pools for fiber strength, micronaire and fiber length according to individual value of (7235 x TM-1)F2 and F2:3. A total of 221 pairs of SSR primers, 1,840 arbitrary 10-mer oligonucleotide primers and 77 ISSR primers were used to screen polymorphism between two parents, and 3 pairs of bulked DNA pools. Fifteen markers amplified by thirteen primers were identified to be linked with fiber quality QTLs through DNA polymorphism surveying between the parents, and then paired bulked DNAs, and screening the individual plant of (7235 x TM1)F2. Linkage test indicated 15 markers could be mapped to three linkage groups. In the first linkage group, eight markers (two SSR and six RAPD markers) associated with fiber strength were tightly linked with 2.2 cM interval genetic distance on average, and located on chromosome 10 in cotton. Two major QTLs for fiber quality characters were identified. One for fiber strength could explain 35% of the phenotypic variation in F2, and 53.8% in F2:3 at Hainan, which has the greatest single QTL effect of fiber strength and could be identified in all four environments, and tightly linked to 6 RAPD markers and 2 SSR markers with genetic distance no more than 16 cM in chromosome 10, in which FSRl933 is the nearest with the distance no more than 0.6 cM. One QTL linked to FMR1(603) for Micronaire could explain 7.8% of the phenotypic variation in F2, and 25.4% in F2:3 at Hainan, and expressed in all four environments. One QTL linked to FLR1(1550) for fiber length could explain 9.5% of the phenotypic variation in F2:3 at Hainan, very little in other environments. So they can be used in marker-assisted selection in increasing fiber quality of commercial cultivars.

[Determination of rufloxacin in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography]

A high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of rufloxacin in human plasma. Rufloxacin was extracted from plasma with dichloromethane for three times. It was chromatographed on an Ultrasphere ODS column with Pefloxacin as internal standard with a mobile phase consisting of methanol-tetrabutylammonium bromide-triethanolamine (32:68:0.5, V/V) adjusted to pH 2.8 with orthophosphoric acid. The flow rate was 1.2 mL/min and the monitoring wavelength was 295 nm. The calibration curve was linear from 0.1 to 10 mg/L of plasma. The detection limit of rufloxacin was 0.05 mg/L for plasma and the recovery was (97.7 +/- 2.1)%. The intra-day RSD and inter-day RSD were 2.33% and 3.38% respectively. The method is simple, rapid, accurate and can be used to determine the rufloxacin concentration in plasma and for pharmacokinetic study.

[Studies on the chemical constituents of Dregea sinensis Hemsl]

Two new compounds named dresigenin B and dresioside I were isolated from the root of Dregea sinensis Hemsl. Their structures were demonstrated as 20-O-(2-methylbutyryl) tomentogenin and dihydrosarcostin 3-O-beta-D-thevetopyranosyl (1-4)-beta-D-oleandropyranosyl (1-4)-beta-D-cymaropyranoside by spectral evidence.

Inhibition of [methyl-3H]diazepam binding to rat brain membranes in vitro by dinatin and skrofulein

Two flavones, 4',5,7-trihydroxy-6-methoxy flavone (dinatin) and 4',5-dihydroxy-6, 7-dimethoxy flavone (skrofulein), were extracted from Artemisia herba alba L. Dinatin and skrofulein inhibited the binding of [methyl-3H]diazepam to rat brain membranes in vitro with IC50 of 1.3 and 23 mumol.L-1, respectively. The GABA-ratios (the ratio of IC50 values in the absence/presence of GABA in the binding assay) were 1.1 and 1.2 for dinatin and skrofulein, respectively. Both flavones induced a slight increase in [35S] TBPS binding. The data suggest that the flavones are antagonists or partial agonists of benzodiazepine receptors.

[Influence of laurocapram on ultrastructures of mouse skin and sarcoma 180 membrane]

Laurocapram (Lau), 1-dodecyl-hexahydro-2 H-azepin-2-one, (azone) is a new percutaneous penetration enhancer. However, the mechanism of its action for absorption promoter of other agents is still unknown. In this paper the effect of Lau on ultrastructures of skin surface and tumor cell membrane were studies. Lau (2%) suspension was applied to abdominal skin of ICR/JCL, C 57 BL mice or one side of abdominal skin of nude mouse with drug and other side with the vehicle solvent once daily for 2-3 d. The skin was excised at 4 h after the final medication for examination under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed the numerous small infolding lines which divided the skin surface into small areas with vesiculation and peeled the epidermal surface to form a few minor holes. The cuticles of the hair shaft dropped off and became thinner. Numerous desquamated cells around the orifice of the hair were fractured, detached and widened. Sarcoma 180 cells were incubated with Lau 25 micrograms/ml at 37 degrees C for 4 h. The microvilli of some cells dropped off and the size of villi became thinner and shorter. The top of some villi of the cells appeared occasionally thick to make the profile as a bat. The surface of numerous naked cells became rugged and rough and showed many black minor holes in the area of denuded cell membrane or dropped microvilli. More than 100 holes in the exposed surface of the naked cell were seen. It seemed that the Lau drilled holes on the biomembrane and enlarged the orifice of hair follicles and thus enhanced the transdermal absorption.

Testosterone and estradiol serum levels in acne

45 acne patients and 38 healthy subjects were assayed for serum testosterone and estradiol levels by RIA. The results showed that serum testosterone levels of male patients were normal, but serum estradiol levels were significantly higher (40%) than in healthy males. In female patients, estradiol levels were normal, but testosterone levels were significantly higher (47%) than in healthy females. Of the 18 female patients, 16 had various degrees of menstrual dysfunction, and some even had slight hirsutism. Therefore, male acne patients should not be treated with estrogen, and in female acne patients with ovarian dysfunction, artificial menstrual cycle therapy is recommended.

DNA flow cytometric analysis of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma in nude mice

The tissue from a patient with nasopharyngeal carcinoma has been transferred to nude mice (BALB/c), and has successfully been growing through twenty passages. The tumors in the nude mice and primary human tumor have been examined for the cellular DNA content by FCM and also conventional pathological examination, chromosome analysis, and EBV test. The tumor take rate varied markedly in different passages with a mean value of approximately 70%, and showing a tendency to increase. The tumor doubling time within 6-12 weeks after transplantation of six tumors in 18 and 20 passages were 14.8 and 9.3 days respectively. However, the tumor volume at 12 weeks varied significantly, ranging from 438 to 1998 mm3. By FCM, it has been found that the values of DNA index were about the same in both primary tumor and the tumors in nude mice. The distribution of various phase cells in cell cycle was also about the same in both. In conclusion, the application of FCM to examine the cellular DNA content of the tumor in nude mice is a rapid and sensitive method, useful in the investigation on the stability of biological characteristics of human NPC in nude mice and in further studies on the effects by various therapeutic methods.