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Fineberg A, Takagi Y, Thirumurugan K, Andrecka J, Billington N, Young G, Cole D, Burgess SA, Curd AP, Hammer JA, Sellers JR, Kukura P, Knight PJ. Myosin-5 varies its step length to carry cargo straight along the irregular F-actin track. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2401625121. [PMID: 38507449 PMCID: PMC10990141 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2401625121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Molecular motors employ chemical energy to generate unidirectional mechanical output against a track while navigating a chaotic cellular environment, potential disorder on the track, and against Brownian motion. Nevertheless, decades of nanometer-precise optical studies suggest that myosin-5a, one of the prototypical molecular motors, takes uniform steps spanning 13 subunits (36 nm) along its F-actin track. Here, we use high-resolution interferometric scattering microscopy to reveal that myosin takes strides spanning 22 to 34 actin subunits, despite walking straight along the helical actin filament. We show that cumulative angular disorder in F-actin accounts for the observed proportion of each stride length, akin to crossing a river on variably spaced stepping stones. Electron microscopy revealed the structure of the stepping molecule. Our results indicate that both motor and track are soft materials that can adapt to function in complex cellular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Fineberg
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Yasuharu Takagi
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Kavitha Thirumurugan
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Andrecka
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Billington
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Gavin Young
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Cole
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Stan A. Burgess
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair P. Curd
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - John A. Hammer
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - James R. Sellers
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
- The Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, University of Oxford, OxfordOX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Knight
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, and School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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Sakamoto F, Matsumoto S, Otani T, Takagi Y, Yamamoto T. The usefulness of shear wave elastography in evaluating erectile dysfunction severity before and after prostaglandin E1 test. Nagoya J Med Sci 2024; 86:104-109. [PMID: 38505715 PMCID: PMC10945220 DOI: 10.18999/nagjms.86.1.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E1 intracavernous injection test is an established method for diagnosing erectile dysfunction. However, the evaluation is non-objective and often influenced by the evaluator's subjectivity. Herein, we measured and objectively evaluated shear wave elastography results of the corpus cavernosum before and after injection in 16 patients who underwent prostaglandin E1 testing. The response score of prostaglandin E1 tests were "1" in 2 cases, "2" in 2 cases, and "3" in 12 cases. The average transmission velocity before the injection and at the time of maximum erection after the injection were 2.21 m/s and 1.57 m/s, respectively. Transmission velocity decreased during erection in 14 of 16 cases (87.5%). The overall rate of change in transmission velocity due to injection was -26.7% and was significantly different between the poor (responses 1 and 2: -16.1%) and good erection (response 3: -30.2%) groups. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to evaluate erectile phenomenon using percutaneous ultrasonic elastography in Japan. Rate of change in shear wave transmission velocity due to prostaglandin E1 injection in the corpus cavernosum penis was associated with the degree of erection. Therefore, the rate of change in shear wave transmission velocity in the corpus cavernosum penis could be used as an objective index of erectile phenomenon. Percutaneous ultrasonic elastography is a non-invasive and useful test method for diagnosing erectile dysfunction, determining the therapeutic effect, and predicting prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seiji Matsumoto
- Headquarters for Research Promotion, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
- Clinical Research Support Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Otani
- Department of Urology, Chubu Rousai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Urology, Rokuwa Hospital, Inazawa, Japan
| | | | - Tokunori Yamamoto
- Clinical Research Support Center, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital, Asahikawa, Japan
- Promotion Office for Open Innovation, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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Holló A, Billington N, Takagi Y, Kengyel A, Sellers JR, Liu R. Molecular regulatory mechanism of human myosin-7a. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105243. [PMID: 37690683 PMCID: PMC10579538 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosin-7a is an actin-based motor protein essential for vision and hearing. Mutations of myosin-7a cause type 1 Usher syndrome, the most common and severe form of deafblindness in humans. The molecular mechanisms that govern its mechanochemistry remain poorly understood, primarily because of the difficulty of purifying stable intact protein. Here, we recombinantly produce the complete human myosin-7a holoenzyme in insect cells and characterize its biochemical and motile properties. Unlike the Drosophila ortholog that primarily associates with calmodulin (CaM), we found that human myosin-7a utilizes a unique combination of light chains including regulatory light chain, CaM, and CaM-like protein 4. Our results further reveal that CaM-like protein 4 does not function as a Ca2+ sensor but plays a crucial role in maintaining the lever arm's structural-functional integrity. Using our recombinant protein system, we purified two myosin-7a splicing isoforms that have been shown to be differentially expressed along the cochlear tonotopic axis. We show that they possess distinct mechanoenzymatic properties despite differing by only 11 amino acids at their N termini. Using single-molecule in vitro motility assays, we demonstrate that human myosin-7a exists as an autoinhibited monomer and can move processively along actin when artificially dimerized or bound to cargo adaptor proteins. These results suggest that myosin-7a can serve multiple roles in sensory systems such as acting as a transporter or an anchor/force sensor. Furthermore, our research highlights that human myosin-7a has evolved unique regulatory elements that enable precise tuning of its mechanical properties suitable for mammalian auditory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Holló
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Biophysics, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Neil Billington
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Microscope Imaging Facility, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Yasuharu Takagi
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - András Kengyel
- Department of Biophysics, University of Pécs Medical School, Pécs, Hungary; Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - James R Sellers
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| | - Rong Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.
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Fineberg A, Takagi Y, Thirumurugan K, Andrecka J, Billington N, Young G, Cole D, Burgess SA, Curd AP, Hammer JA, Sellers JR, Kukura P, Knight PJ. Myosin-5 varies its steps along the irregular F-actin track. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.16.549178. [PMID: 37503193 PMCID: PMC10370000 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.16.549178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Molecular motors employ chemical energy to generate unidirectional mechanical output against a track. By contrast to the majority of macroscopic machines, they need to navigate a chaotic cellular environment, potential disorder in the track and Brownian motion. Nevertheless, decades of nanometer-precise optical studies suggest that myosin-5a, one of the prototypical molecular motors, takes uniform steps spanning 13 subunits (36 nm) along its F-actin track. Here, we use high-resolution interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy to reveal that myosin takes strides spanning 22 to 34 actin subunits, despite walking straight along the helical actin filament. We show that cumulative angular disorder in F-actin accounts for the observed proportion of each stride length, akin to crossing a river on variably-spaced stepping stones. Electron microscopy revealed the structure of the stepping molecule. Our results indicate that both motor and track are soft materials that can adapt to function in complex cellular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Fineberg
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, U.S.A
| | - Yasuharu Takagi
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, U.S.A
| | - Kavitha Thirumurugan
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, and Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
- Present address: Structural Biology Lab, Pearl Research Park, SBST, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore-632 014, India
| | - Joanna Andrecka
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
- Present address: Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini 1, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Neil Billington
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, U.S.A
- Present address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, U.S.A
| | - Gavin Young
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
- Present address: Refeyn Ltd., Unit 9, Trade City, Sandy Ln W, Littlemore, Oxford OX4 6FF, U.K
| | - Daniel Cole
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
- Present address: Refeyn Ltd., Unit 9, Trade City, Sandy Ln W, Littlemore, Oxford OX4 6FF, U.K
| | - Stan A. Burgess
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, and Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Alistair P. Curd
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, and Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - John A. Hammer
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, U.S.A
| | - James R. Sellers
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, U.S.A
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QZ, U.K
- The Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3QU, U.K
| | - Peter J. Knight
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, and Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, U.K
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Hollo A, Billington N, Takagi Y, Kengyel A, Sellers JR, Liu R. Mechanistic insights into the regulation of human myosin-7a. Biophys J 2023; 122:259a-260a. [PMID: 36783272 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.11.1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Hollo
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Neil Billington
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Yasuharu Takagi
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - James R Sellers
- Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rong Liu
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
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Pochitaloff M, Miranda M, Richard M, Chaiyasitdhi A, Takagi Y, Cao W, De La Cruz EM, Sellers JR, Joanny JF, Jülicher F, Blanchoin L, Martin P. Flagella-like beating of actin bundles driven by self-organized myosin waves. Nat Phys 2022; 18:1240-1247. [PMID: 37396880 PMCID: PMC10312380 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-022-01688-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Wave-like beating of eukaryotic cilia and flagella-threadlike protrusions found in many cells and microorganisms-is a classic example of spontaneous mechanical oscillations in biology. This type of self-organized active matter raises the question of the coordination mechanism between molecular motor activity and cytoskeletal filament bending. Here we show that in the presence of myosin motors, polymerizing actin filaments self-assemble into polar bundles that exhibit wave-like beating. Importantly, filament beating is associated with myosin density waves initiated at twice the frequency of the actin-bending waves. A theoretical description based on curvature control of motor binding to the filaments and of motor activity explains our observations in a regime of high internal friction. Overall, our results indicate that the binding of myosin to actin depends on the actin bundle shape, providing a feedback mechanism between the myosin activity and filament deformations for the self-organization of large motor filament assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Pochitaloff
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Paris, France
- Present address: Department of Mechanical Engineering, UC Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Martin Miranda
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mathieu Richard
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Paris, France
| | - Atitheb Chaiyasitdhi
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Paris, France
| | - Yasuharu Takagi
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wenxiang Cao
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Enrique M. De La Cruz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - James R. Sellers
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jean-François Joanny
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Paris, France
- Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Frank Jülicher
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Dresden, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Laurent Blanchoin
- CytomorphoLab, Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire & Végétale, Université Grenoble-Alpes/CEA/CNRS/INRA, Grenoble, France
- CytomorphoLab, Hôpital Saint Louis, Institut Universitaire d’Hématologie, UMRS1160, INSERM/AP-HP/Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Martin
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR168, Paris, France
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Funaki T, Miyakoshi A, Kataoka H, Takahashi JC, Takagi Y, Yoshida K, Kikuchi T, Mineharu Y, Okawa M, Yamao Y, Fushimi Y, Miyamoto S. Larger Posterior Revascularization Associated with Reduction of Choroidal Anastomosis in Moyamoya Disease: A Quantitative Angiographic Analysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:1279-1285. [PMID: 36007950 PMCID: PMC9451642 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Choroidal anastomosis, a hemorrhage-prone periventricular collateral manifestation in Moyamoya disease, outflows to the cortex posterior to the central sulcus. The objective of the present study was to test whether the angiographic extent of revascularization posterior to the central sulcus contributes to the postoperative reduction of choroidal anastomosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective cohort study included choroidal anastomosis-positive hemispheres before direct bypass surgery. The postoperative reduction of choroidal anastomosis was determined by a consensus of 2 raters according to the previous research. An imaging software automatically traced the angiographic revascularization area, which was subsequently divided into anterior and posterior parts by an anatomic line corresponding to the central sulcus. Each area was quantitatively measured as a percentage relative to the whole supratentorial area. RESULTS Postoperative reduction of choroidal anastomosis was achieved in 68 (85.0%) of the 80 included hemispheres. The revascularization area posterior to the central sulcus was significantly larger in the hemispheres with reduction than in those with no reduction (mean, 15.2% [SD, 7.1%] versus 4.2% [SD, 3.4%], P < .001), whereas no significant difference was observed in the revascularization area anterior to the central sulcus. Multivariate analysis revealed that the revascularization area posterior to the central sulcus was the only significant factor associated with reduction (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.21-2.03, for every 1% increase). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that a larger revascularization posterior to the central sulcus is associated with postoperative reduction of choroidal anastomosis regardless of the extent of anterior revascularization. It might facilitate optimal selection of the revascularization site for preventing hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Funaki
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (T.F., A.M., K.Y., T.K., Y.M., M.O., Y.Y., S.M.)
| | - A Miyakoshi
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (T.F., A.M., K.Y., T.K., Y.M., M.O., Y.Y., S.M.)
| | - H Kataoka
- Department of Neurosurgery (H.K.), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - J C Takahashi
- Department of Neurosurgery (J.C.T.), Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Takagi
- Department of Neurosurgery (Y.T.), Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
| | - K Yoshida
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (T.F., A.M., K.Y., T.K., Y.M., M.O., Y.Y., S.M.)
| | - T Kikuchi
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (T.F., A.M., K.Y., T.K., Y.M., M.O., Y.Y., S.M.)
| | - Y Mineharu
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (T.F., A.M., K.Y., T.K., Y.M., M.O., Y.Y., S.M.)
| | - M Okawa
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (T.F., A.M., K.Y., T.K., Y.M., M.O., Y.Y., S.M.)
| | - Y Yamao
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (T.F., A.M., K.Y., T.K., Y.M., M.O., Y.Y., S.M.)
| | - Y Fushimi
- Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine (Y.F.), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Miyamoto
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (T.F., A.M., K.Y., T.K., Y.M., M.O., Y.Y., S.M.)
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Takagi Y, Fineberg A, Thirumurugan K, Billington N, Andrecka J, Young G, Cole D, Sellers JR, Knight PJ, Kukura P. Nanometre resolution stepping pattern and structure of acto-myosin-5a at high ATP reveals new mechanism for processive translocation. Biophys J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.1444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Shimizu T, Nakamura H, Takagi Y, Nishihata SY, Sumiyoshi R, Igawa T, Koga T, Kawashiri SY, Iwamoto N, Ichinose K, Tamai M, Origuchi T, Kawakami A. POS0718 CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH GLANDULAR INVOLVEMENT EVALUATED BY SALIVARY GLAND ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN SJÖGREN’S SYNDROME. Ann Rheum Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by periductal lymphocytic infiltration of the salivary and lacrimal glands, which results in reduced secretory functions and oral and ocular dryness (1). In addition, patients often have extraglandular manifestations, such as interstitial pneumonia and interstitial nephritis, and the appearance of autoantibodies such as anti-Ro/SS-A and La/SS-B antibodies. Salivary gland ultrasonography (SGUS) is typically used to evaluate the findings of salivary glands; thus, we can evaluate the severity of salivary gland disorders due to SS using SGUS in real time (2).Objectives:To identify clinical indices, including disease activity, associated with glandular involvement evaluated using SGUS in patients with SS.Methods:We enrolled patients with SS (n=115) and non-SS sicca subjects (n=90) who visited Nagasaki University Hospital between 1995 and 2019. The patients’ SS classifications were based on the 2002 American–European Consensus Group (AECG) SS classification criteria (3). The non-SS sicca subjects exhibited sicca symptoms but did not fulfill the AECG SS classification criteria. SGUS and clinical indices such as age, sex, the focus score (FS), sicca symptoms, the Saxon test results, Schirmer’s test results, anti-SS-A/Ro antibody positivity, anti-SS-B/La antibody positivity, anti-centromere antibody (ACA) positivity, serum immunoglobulin G levels, and the clinical European League Against Rheumatism SS disease activity index were examined. The ultrasonography (US) score was calculated based on SGUS imaging (hypoechoic area, hyperechoic band, and irregular border) (4).Results:The US score was significantly higher in patients with SS than that in non-SS sicca subjects. In addition, we found significant correlations between the US score and FS in patients with SS. Multivariate analysis revealed the FS, Saxon test positivity, and ACA positivity as the variables independently associated with the US score in patients with SS. These results were the same in the primary SS patient group (n=96). Patients with ACA positivity had significantly higher US scores compared to those in patients with ACA negativity, whereas the FS was not significantly high. In addition, patients with ACA positivity had significantly greater positivity of hyperechoic bands than that in patients with ACA negativity.Conclusion:This study indicated that ACA positivity, which is not reflected in sialadenitis of SS, is associated with the US score in patients with SS. These results suggest that US findings of patients with ACA positivity might show specific changes in salivary glands, such as fibrosis, and not only sialadenitis (5).References:[1]Ramos-Casals M, Tzioufas AG, Font J. Primary Sjogren’s syndrome: new clinical and therapeutic concepts. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64(3):347-54.[2]van Ginkel MS, Glaudemans A, van der Vegt B, Mossel E, Kroese FGM, Bootsma H, et al. Imaging in Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome. J Clin Med. 2020;9(8).[3]Vitali C, Bombardieri S, Jonsson R, Moutsopoulos HM, Alexander EL, Carsons SE, et al. Classification criteria for Sjogren’s syndrome: a revised version of the European criteria proposed by the American-European Consensus Group. Ann Rheum Dis. 2002;61(6):554-8.[4]Takagi Y, Nakamura H, Sumi M, Shimizu T, Hirai Y, Horai Y, et al. Combined classification system based on ACR/EULAR and ultrasonographic scores for improving the diagnosis of Sjogren’s syndrome. PLoS One. 2018;13(4):e0195113.[5]Nakamura H, Kawakami A, Hayashi T, Iwamoto N, Okada A, Tamai M, et al. Anti-centromere antibody-seropositive Sjögren’s syndrome differs from conventional subgroup in clinical and pathological study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010;11:140.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Nishimura Y, Shi S, Zhang F, Liu R, Takagi Y, Bershadsky AD, Viasnoff V, Sellers JR. The formin inhibitor SMIFH2 inhibits members of the myosin superfamily. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:237818. [PMID: 33589498 PMCID: PMC8121067 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.253708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The small molecular inhibitor of formin FH2 domains, SMIFH2, is widely used in cell biological studies. It inhibits formin-driven actin polymerization in vitro, but not polymerization of pure actin. It is active against several types of formin from different species. Here, we found that SMIFH2 inhibits retrograde flow of myosin 2 filaments and contraction of stress fibers. We further checked the effect of SMIFH2 on non-muscle myosin 2A and skeletal muscle myosin 2 in vitro, and found that SMIFH2 inhibits activity of myosin ATPase and the ability to translocate actin filaments in the gliding actin in vitro motility assay. Inhibition of non-muscle myosin 2A in vitro required a higher concentration of SMIFH2 compared with that needed to inhibit retrograde flow and stress fiber contraction in cells. We also found that SMIFH2 inhibits several other non-muscle myosin types, including bovine myosin 10, Drosophila myosin 7a and Drosophila myosin 5, more efficiently than it inhibits formins. These off-target inhibitions demand additional careful analysis in each case when solely SMIFH2 is used to probe formin functions. This article has an associated First Person interview with Yukako Nishimura, joint first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Nishimura
- Mechanobiology Institute (MBI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Shidong Shi
- Mechanobiology Institute (MBI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Fang Zhang
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rong Liu
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yasuharu Takagi
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexander D Bershadsky
- Mechanobiology Institute (MBI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Virgile Viasnoff
- Mechanobiology Institute (MBI), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore.,CNRS UMI 3639 BMC, Singapore 117411, Singapore.,Department of Biological Sciences, National university of Singapore, Singapore 117558, Singapore
| | - James R Sellers
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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11
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Curd A, Leng J, Hughes RE, Cleasby AJ, Rogers B, Trinh CH, Baird MA, Takagi Y, Tiede C, Sieben C, Manley S, Schlichthaerle T, Jungmann R, Ries J, Shroff H, Peckham M. Nanoscale Pattern Extraction from Relative Positions of Sparse 3D Localizations. Nano Lett 2021; 21:1213-1220. [PMID: 33253583 PMCID: PMC7883386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Inferring the organization of fluorescently labeled nanosized structures from single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) data, typically obscured by stochastic noise and background, remains challenging. To overcome this, we developed a method to extract high-resolution ordered features from SMLM data that requires only a low fraction of targets to be localized with high precision. First, experimentally measured localizations are analyzed to produce relative position distributions (RPDs). Next, model RPDs are constructed using hypotheses of how the molecule is organized. Finally, a statistical comparison is used to select the most likely model. This approach allows pattern recognition at sub-1% detection efficiencies for target molecules, in large and heterogeneous samples and in 2D and 3D data sets. As a proof-of-concept, we infer ultrastructure of Nup107 within the nuclear pore, DNA origami structures, and α-actinin-2 within the cardiomyocyte Z-disc and assess the quality of images of centrioles to improve the averaged single-particle reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alistair
P. Curd
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Leng
- School
of Computing, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth E. Hughes
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Alexa J. Cleasby
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Brendan Rogers
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Chi H. Trinh
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle A. Baird
- Cell
and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Yasuharu Takagi
- Cell
and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Christian Tiede
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Sieben
- Laboratory
of Experimental Biophysics, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, BSP 427 (Cubotron UNIL), Rte de
la Sorge, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Suliana Manley
- Laboratory
of Experimental Biophysics, École
Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, BSP 427 (Cubotron UNIL), Rte de
la Sorge, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Schlichthaerle
- Max
Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Munich, Germany
- Faculty
of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, LMU
Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Jungmann
- Max
Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Munich, Germany
- Faculty
of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, LMU
Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Jonas Ries
- Cell Biology
and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular
Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hari Shroff
- Laboratory
of High Resolution Optical Imaging, National Institute of Biomedical
Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes
of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Michelle Peckham
- School
of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University
of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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12
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Tripathi A, Bond C, Sellers JR, Billington N, Takagi Y. Myosin-Specific Adaptations of In vitro Fluorescence Microscopy-Based Motility Assays. J Vis Exp 2021. [PMID: 33616114 DOI: 10.3791/62180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin proteins bind and interact with filamentous actin (F-actin) and are found in organisms across the phylogenetic tree. Their structure and enzymatic properties are adapted for the particular function they execute in cells. Myosin 5a processively walks on F-actin to transport melanosomes and vesicles in cells. Conversely, nonmuscle myosin 2b operates as a bipolar filament containing approximately 30 molecules. It moves F-actin of opposite polarity toward the center of the filament, where the myosin molecules work asynchronously to bind actin, impart a power stroke, and dissociate before repeating the cycle. Nonmuscle myosin 2b, along with its other nonmuscle myosin 2 isoforms, has roles that include cell adhesion, cytokinesis, and tension maintenance. The mechanochemistry of myosins can be studied by performing in vitro motility assays using purified proteins. In the gliding actin filament assay, the myosins are bound to a microscope coverslip surface and translocate fluorescently labeled F-actin, which can be tracked. In the single molecule/ensemble motility assay, however, F-actin is bound to a coverslip and the movement of fluorescently labeled myosin molecules on the F-actin is observed. In this report, the purification of recombinant myosin 5a from Sf9 cells using affinity chromatography is outlined. Following this, we outline two fluorescence microscopy-based assays: the gliding actin filament assay and the inverted motility assay. From these assays, parameters such as actin translocation velocities and single molecule run lengths and velocities can be extracted using the image analysis software. These techniques can also be applied to study the movement of single filaments of the nonmuscle myosin 2 isoforms, discussed herein in the context of nonmuscle myosin 2b. This workflow represents a protocol and a set of quantitative tools that can be used to study the single molecule and ensemble dynamics of nonmuscle myosins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Tripathi
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Charles Bond
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health; Department of Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
| | - James R Sellers
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Neil Billington
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health;
| | - Yasuharu Takagi
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health;
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13
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Liu R, Billington N, Yang Y, Bond C, Hong A, Siththanandan V, Takagi Y, Sellers JR. A binding protein regulates myosin-7a dimerization and actin bundle assembly. Nat Commun 2021; 12:563. [PMID: 33495456 PMCID: PMC7835385 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20864-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Myosin-7a, despite being monomeric in isolation, plays roles in organizing actin-based cell protrusions such as filopodia, microvilli and stereocilia, as well as transporting cargoes within them. Here, we identify a binding protein for Drosophila myosin-7a termed M7BP, and describe how M7BP assembles myosin-7a into a motile complex that enables cargo translocation and actin cytoskeletal remodeling. M7BP binds to the autoinhibitory tail of myosin-7a, extending the molecule and activating its ATPase activity. Single-molecule reconstitution show that M7BP enables robust motility by complexing with myosin-7a as 2:2 translocation dimers in an actin-regulated manner. Meanwhile, M7BP tethers actin, enhancing complex’s processivity and driving actin-filament alignment during processive runs. Finally, we show that myosin-7a-M7BP complex assembles actin bundles and filopodia-like protrusions while migrating along them in living cells. Together, these findings provide insights into the mechanisms by which myosin-7a functions in actin protrusions. Myosin-7a is found in actin bundles, microvilli and stereocilia, and plays conserved roles in hearing and vision. Here the authors identify M7BP, a myosin-7a binding protein that activates and dimerizes myosin-7a, enabling cargo transport and assembly of actin bundles and filopodia-like protrusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Neil Billington
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, 410128, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Charles Bond
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Amy Hong
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Verl Siththanandan
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yasuharu Takagi
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - James R Sellers
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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14
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Jiang F, Takagi Y, Shams A, Heissler SM, Friedman TB, Sellers JR, Bird JE. The ATPase mechanism of myosin 15, the molecular motor mutated in DFNB3 human deafness. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100243. [PMID: 33372036 PMCID: PMC7948958 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cochlear hair cells each possess an exquisite bundle of actin-based stereocilia that detect sound. Unconventional myosin 15 (MYO15) traffics and delivers critical molecules required for stereocilia development and thus is essential for building the mechanosensory hair bundle. Mutations in the human MYO15A gene interfere with stereocilia trafficking and cause hereditary hearing loss, DFNB3, but the impact of these mutations is not known, as MYO15 itself is poorly characterized. To learn more, we performed a kinetic study of the ATPase motor domain to characterize its mechanochemical cycle. Using the baculovirus-Sf9 system, we purified a recombinant minimal motor domain (S1) by coexpressing the mouse MYO15 ATPase, essential and regulatory light chains that bind its IQ domains, and UNC45 and HSP90A chaperones required for correct folding of the ATPase. MYO15 purified with either UNC45A or UNC45B coexpression had similar ATPase activities (kcat = ∼ 6 s-1 at 20 °C). Using stopped-flow and quenched-flow transient kinetic analyses, we measured the major rate constants describing the ATPase cycle, including ATP, ADP, and actin binding; hydrolysis; and phosphate release. Actin-attached ADP release was the slowest measured transition (∼12 s-1 at 20 °C), although this did not rate-limit the ATPase cycle. The kinetic analysis shows the MYO15 motor domain has a moderate duty ratio (∼0.5) and weak thermodynamic coupling between ADP and actin binding. These findings are consistent with MYO15 being kinetically adapted for processive motility when oligomerized. Our kinetic characterization enables future studies into how deafness-causing mutations affect MYO15 and disrupt stereocilia trafficking necessary for hearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and the Myology Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yasuharu Takagi
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Arik Shams
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah M Heissler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas B Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - James R Sellers
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan E Bird
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, and the Myology Institute, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
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15
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Imataka G, Ishii J, Ando Y, Yoshihara S, Takagi Y, Nitta A, Arisaka O, Yoshihara S. Long-term survival of a patient with acute neonatal-onset metabolic encephalopathy with carbamoyl phosphate synthetase 1 deficiency. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24:10051-10053. [PMID: 33090410 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202010_23220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long-term survival of patients with neonatal-onset carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1 deficiency (CPS1D), an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by repeated, life-threatening hyperammonemia, is rare. We describe the diagnosis and clinical management of a teenager with neonatal-onset CPS1D who did not undergo therapeutic liver transplantation. CASE REPORT Following emergent neonatal therapy, the patient was diagnosed with CPS1D based on clinical, radiological, biochemical and genetic analyses. Her clinical course, neurobehavioral development and therapeutic interventions are presented and discussed. RESULTS Born from nonconsanguineous parents, the proband underwent phototherapy for neonatal jaundice, associated with acute encephalopathy, apnea and cerebral edema. Based on blood and urinary biochemical abnormalities, neonatal-onset CPS1D was diagnosed. Her hyperammonemia was corrected by hemodialysis, followed by sodium benzoate, L-arginine, levocarnitine and protein-free diet therapy. Because of a relapse and persistent neurobehavioral regression by age 1, a planned liver transplantation was cancelled. At age 10, sodium phenylbutyrate was substituted as ammonia scavenger. Genetic testing revealed compound heterozygote c.2359C>T (R787X) and c.236+6T>C variants of CPS1, confirming her diagnosis. Despite severe neurological sequelae, the patient is 16 and in stable condition. CONCLUSIONS Our case suggests that early hemodialysis and pharmacologic interventions for acute neonatal hyperammonemia can improve the prognosis of patients with neonatal-onset CPS1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Imataka
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan.
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16
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Arakawa M, Saiki T, Wada K, Ogawa K, Kadono T, Shirai K, Sawada H, Ishibashi K, Honda R, Sakatani N, Iijima Y, Okamoto C, Yano H, Takagi Y, Hayakawa M, Michel P, Jutzi M, Shimaki Y, Kimura S, Mimasu Y, Toda T, Imamura H, Nakazawa S, Hayakawa H, Sugita S, Morota T, Kameda S, Tatsumi E, Cho Y, Yoshioka K, Yokota Y, Matsuoka M, Yamada M, Kouyama T, Honda C, Tsuda Y, Watanabe S, Yoshikawa M, Tanaka S, Terui F, Kikuchi S, Yamaguchi T, Ogawa N, Ono G, Yoshikawa K, Takahashi T, Takei Y, Fujii A, Takeuchi H, Yamamoto Y, Okada T, Hirose C, Hosoda S, Mori O, Shimada T, Soldini S, Tsukizaki R, Iwata T, Ozaki M, Abe M, Namiki N, Kitazato K, Tachibana S, Ikeda H, Hirata N, Hirata N, Noguchi R, Miura A. An artificial impact on the asteroid (162173) Ryugu formed a crater in the gravity-dominated regime. Science 2020; 368:67-71. [PMID: 32193363 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz1701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Hayabusa2 spacecraft investigated the small asteroid Ryugu, which has a rubble-pile structure. We describe an impact experiment on Ryugu using Hayabusa2's Small Carry-on Impactor. The impact produced an artificial crater with a diameter >10 meters, which has a semicircular shape, an elevated rim, and a central pit. Images of the impact and resulting ejecta were recorded by the Deployable CAMera 3 for >8 minutes, showing the growth of an ejecta curtain (the outer edge of the ejecta) and deposition of ejecta onto the surface. The ejecta curtain was asymmetric and heterogeneous and it never fully detached from the surface. The crater formed in the gravity-dominated regime; in other words, crater growth was limited by gravity not surface strength. We discuss implications for Ryugu's surface age.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Arakawa
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
| | - T Saiki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Wada
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - K Ogawa
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.,JAXA Space Exploration Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Kadono
- Department of Basic Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyusyu 807-8555, Japan
| | - K Shirai
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.,Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H Sawada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Ishibashi
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - R Honda
- Department of Information Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - N Sakatani
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y Iijima
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - C Okamoto
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - H Yano
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y Takagi
- Department of Regional Business, Aichi Toho University, Nagoya 465-8515, Japan
| | - M Hayakawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - P Michel
- Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, CS34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
| | - M Jutzi
- Physics Institute, University of Bern, National Centre of Competence in Research PlanetS, Gesellschaftsstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Y Shimaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Kimura
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Y Mimasu
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Toda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H Imamura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Nakazawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H Hayakawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Sugita
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan.,Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Morota
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - S Kameda
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - E Tatsumi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.,Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, University of La Laguna, 38205 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Y Cho
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Yoshioka
- Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| | - Y Yokota
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Information Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan
| | - M Matsuoka
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - M Yamada
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino 275-0016, Japan
| | - T Kouyama
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - C Honda
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - Y Tsuda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Watanabe
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - M Yoshikawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - S Tanaka
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - F Terui
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Kikuchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Yamaguchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - N Ogawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - G Ono
- Research and Development Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - K Yoshikawa
- Research and Development Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y Takei
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Research and Development Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - A Fujii
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - H Takeuchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - Y Yamamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - T Okada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - C Hirose
- Research and Development Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Hosoda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - O Mori
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Shimada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - S Soldini
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L3 5TQ, UK
| | - R Tsukizaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - T Iwata
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - M Ozaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - M Abe
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - N Namiki
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Mitaka 181-8588, Japan.,Department of Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
| | - K Kitazato
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - S Tachibana
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Ikeda
- Research and Development Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - N Hirata
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580, Japan
| | - N Hirata
- Department of Planetology, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - R Noguchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - A Miura
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan.,Department of Space and Astronautical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Hayama 240-0193, Japan
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17
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Jung HS, Cho KJ, Ryu SJ, Takagi Y, Roche PA, Neuman KC. Biocompatible Fluorescent Nanodiamonds as Multifunctional Optical Probes for Latent Fingerprint Detection. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:6641-6650. [PMID: 31939655 PMCID: PMC8370203 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
There is an immense literature on detection of latent fingerprints (LFPs) with fluorescent nanomaterials because fluorescence is one of the most sensitive detection methods. Although many fluorescent probes have been developed for latent fingerprint detection, many challenges remain, including the low selectivity, complicated processing, high background, and toxicity of nanoparticles used to visualize LFPs. In this study, we demonstrate biocompatible, efficient, and low background LFP detection with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) coated fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs). PVP-coated FND (FND@PVP) is biocompatible at the cellular level. They neither inhibit cellar proliferation nor induce cell death via apoptosis or other cell killing pathways. Moreover, they do not elicit an immune response in cells. PVP coating enhances the physical adhesion of FND to diverse substrates and in particular results in efficient binding of FND@PVP to fingerprint ridges due to the intrinsic amphiphilicity of PVP. Clear, well-defined ridge structures with first, second, and third-level of LFP details are revealed within minutes by FND@PVP. The combination of this binding specificity and the remarkable optical properties of FND@PVP permits the detection of LPFs with high contrast, efficiency, selectivity, sensitivity, and reduced background interference. Our results demonstrate that background-free imaging via multicolor emission and dual-modal imaging of FND@PVP nanoparticles have great potential for high-resolution imaging of LFPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak-Sung Jung
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Kyung-Jin Cho
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Seung-Jin Ryu
- Forensic Science Research Center, Korean National Police University, 100-50 Hwang-san-gil, Sinchang-myeon, Asan-si, Chuncheongnan-do, 31539, South Korea
| | - Yasuharu Takagi
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Paul A. Roche
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Keir C. Neuman
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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18
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Sellers JR, Shi S, Nishimura Y, Zhang F, Liu R, Takagi Y, Viasnoff V, Bershadsky AD. The Formin Inhibitor, SMIFH2, Inhibits Members of the Myosin Superfamily. Biophys J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.11.817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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19
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Kott K, Morel-Kopp M, Vernon S, Takagi Y, Di Bartolo B, Ward C, Figtree G. 347 Global Tests of Haemostatic Function can Detect Imbalances in Coagulation Pathways in Male Patients With Subclinical Coronary Artery Disease. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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20
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Abstract
Myosin 5a is a two-headed myosin that functions as a cargo transporter in cells. To accomplish this task it has evolved several unique structural and kinetic features that allow it to move processively as a single molecule along actin filaments. A plethora of biophysical techniques have been used to elucidate the detailed mechanism of its movement along actin filaments in vitro. This chapter describes how this mechanism was deduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Sellers
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Yasuharu Takagi
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Cell and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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21
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Ota T, Murakami Y, Kozuka Y, Ohshiro C, Kihara N, Takagi Y. P662 Synchrony between the right and left heart systems is recovered after TAVI in patients with severe aortic stenosis. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez319.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Young Investigator Grant of Japanese Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesia
Background / Introduction
Evidences have shown that cardiac function decline and systolic phase change are caused by massive afterload of the stenosed aortic valve in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis. As a result of the reduction of the left ventricular afterload by valve replacement, the cardiac function recovers. However, it has not been clarified yet how the changes in cardiac function affect the relationship between the right and left heart systems, as well as the systole phase.
TAPSE and MAPSE are known as indices of simple cardiac function evaluation by measuring the movement distance of the atrioventricular annulus. We obtained these indices (i.e. TAPSE, MAPSE) within the same heartbeat using speckle tracking analysis of the atrioventricular annulus and evaluated the changes in cardiac function and phase between the right and left heart systems.
Purpose
To reveal the relationship of cardiac function and time phase between the right and left heart systems by evaluating the maximum movement distance and time of the atrioventricular annulus within the same heartbeat and the same view in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis before and after TAVI.
Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted. We recruited and analyzed 44 patients with severe aortic valve stenosis who received TAVI treatment, able to record baseline before treatment and follow-up 6 months and 12 months after treatment at our hospital from March 2017 to May 2019. Patients were excluded if more than 2 degree of atrioventricular valve regurgitation or incomplete data. The apical four-chamber view was used for speckle tracking analysis with the origin of the apical extension and region of interest (ROI) of the mitral annulus and tricuspid annulus. For each patient before treatment, at 6 months and 12 months after treatment, the maximum contraction distance (DM), maximum contraction time (TM) of the mitral valve annulus, maximum contraction distance (DT) and maximum contraction time (TT) of the tricuspid annulus were measured. Maximum contraction distance ratio (DM/ DT) and maximum contraction time ratio (TM/ TT) were calculated. For statistical analysis, t-test and ANOVA were used, and a significance threshold of p <0.05 was applied.
Results
TM/ TT decreased at 12 months after TAVI, and DM/ DT increased significantly at 6 months and 12 months after TAVI when compared to baseline before treatment.
Conclusions
In patients with severe aortic valve stenosis, the correction of cardiac function difference between the right and left heart systems occurs from 6 months after TAVI. Moreover, the correction of contraction phase difference between the right and left heart systems at 12 months after TAVI. Thus, the synchrony between the right and left heart system is recovered 12 months after TAVI.
Abstract P662 Figure.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ota
- Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Anesthesiology, Kamakura, Japan
| | - Y Murakami
- Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Kamakura, Japan
| | - Y Kozuka
- Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Kamakura, Japan
| | - C Ohshiro
- Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Kamakura, Japan
| | - N Kihara
- Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Kamakura, Japan
| | - Y Takagi
- Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, Anesthesiology, Kamakura, Japan
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22
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Kitagawa S, Watanabe K, Takagi Y, Hosomi Y. Phase II study of vitamin B12 and folate supplementation for patients undergoing chemotherapy with pemetrexed. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz437.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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23
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Sugiura T, Dohi Y, Yoshikane N, Ito M, Suzuki K, Kozawa K, Takagi Y, Bessho Y, Yokochi T, Iwase M, Ohte N. P5301Impacts of lifestyle behavior and shift Work on visceral fat accumulation and progression of atherosclerosis in middle-aged workers. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Work style, and particularly shift work, can affect an individual's health through disrupting circadian rhythms. Moreover, lifestyle habits including dietary and exercise routines might be altered by irregular shift hours. We thus hypothesized that an individual's lifestyle including working habits could influence the prevalence of visceral fat obesity and the progression of atherosclerosis.
Purpose
The present study investigated how lifestyle and shift work affect the accumulation of visceral fat and the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis in middle-aged workers.
Methods
This study enrolled employees undergoing their periodic health check-up (n=10883). The Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) was measured to assess arterial stiffness, followed by ultrasound examination and computed tomography imaging to measure carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and visceral fat area (VFA), respectively. Lifestyle was evaluated by the following items: 1) eating breakfast, 2) nighttime eating, 3) regular exercise, 4) habitual drinking, 5) habitual smoking, 6) sleeping hours, and 7) working hours. With regard to work factors, subjects were categorized into fixed daytime workers or shift workers (including subjects working with an irregular schedule, outside of daytime hours, or at nighttime).
Results
Among all subjects enrolled, 6820 subjects were fixed daytime workers and 4063 subjects were shift workers. Most of the employees engaged in fixed daytime work were clerical workers, while the employees engaged in shift work were mainly physical workers in this company. Fixed daytime workers had significantly greater VFA than shift workers, but the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, CAVI values, and carotid IMT were similar between groups. Reduced regular exercise, long sleeping hours, and fixed daytime work were independently associated with visceral fat accumulation by both multivariate regression and logistic regression analyses. However, the logistic regression analysis with the presence of metabolic syndrome as the endpoint revealed that skipping breakfast, reduced regular exercise, long sleeping hours, and short working hours were independent determinants of metabolic syndrome. On the other hand, univariate and multivariate regression analysis showed that habitual smoking, but not shift work, were significantly associated with CAVI and carotid IMT. Logistic regression analysis with the endpoint of carotid atherosclerosis (presence of plaque) showed that habitual smoking was an independent determinant of carotid atherosclerosis.
Conclusions
Reduced regular exercise, long sleeping hours, and fixed daytime work were significantly associated with visceral fat accumulation, while habitual smoking has a consistent association with the progression of atherosclerosis. These findings support the concept that unhealthy lifestyles should be modified before considering intervention in work styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sugiura
- Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Scinece, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Y Dohi
- Nagoya Gakuin University, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Seto, Japan
| | - N Yoshikane
- Toyota Motor Corporation, WELPO, Toyota, Japan
| | - M Ito
- Toyota Motor Corporation, WELPO, Toyota, Japan
| | - K Suzuki
- Toyota Motor Corporation, WELPO, Toyota, Japan
| | - K Kozawa
- Toyota Motor Corporation, WELPO, Toyota, Japan
| | - Y Takagi
- Toyota Motor Corporation, WELPO, Toyota, Japan
| | - Y Bessho
- Toyota Motor Corporation, WELPO, Toyota, Japan
| | - T Yokochi
- Toyota Motor Corporation, WELPO, Toyota, Japan
| | - M Iwase
- Toyota Memorial Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Toyota, Japan
| | - N Ohte
- Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Scinece, Nagoya, Japan
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24
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Kidokoro Y, Nakanishi A, Matsui S, Kubouchi Y, Takagi Y, Haruki T, Taniguchi Y, Umekita Y, Nakamura H. EP1.04-01 Association of PD-L1 Expression with Lung Adenocarcinoma Containing Solid or Micropapillary Components. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.2117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Hase T, Ota T, Koide Y, Miyamoto M, Satou Y, Takagi Y, Satou K. High flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy prevents hypoxia and hypercapnia even TOE insertion. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2019.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Barnes CA, Shen Y, Ying J, Takagi Y, Torchia DA, Sellers JR, Bax A. Remarkable Rigidity of the Single α-Helical Domain of Myosin-VI As Revealed by NMR Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:9004-9017. [PMID: 31117653 PMCID: PMC6556874 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although the α-helix has long been recognized as an all-important element of secondary structure, it generally requires stabilization by tertiary interactions with other parts of a protein's structure. Highly charged single α-helical (SAH) domains, consisting of a high percentage (>75%) of Arg, Lys, and Glu residues, are exceptions to this rule but have been difficult to characterize structurally. Our study focuses on the 68-residue medial tail domain of myosin-VI, which is found to contain a highly ordered α-helical structure extending from Glu-6 to Lys-63. High hydrogen exchange protection factors (15-150), small (ca. 4 Hz) 3 JHNHα couplings, and a near-perfect fit to an ideal model α-helix for its residual dipolar couplings (RDCs), measured in a filamentous phage medium, support the high regularity of this helix. Remarkably, the hydrogen exchange rates are far more homogeneous than the protection factors derived from them, suggesting that for these transiently broken helices the intrinsic exchange rates derived from the amino acid sequence are not appropriate reference values. 15N relaxation data indicate a very high degree of rotational diffusion anisotropy ( D∥/ D⊥ ≈ 7.6), consistent with the hydrodynamic behavior predicted for such a long, nearly straight α-helix. Alignment of the helix by a paramagnetic lanthanide ion attached to its N-terminal region shows a decrease in alignment as the distance from the tagging site increases. This decrease yields a precise measure for the persistence length of 224 ± 10 Å at 20 °C, supporting the idea that the role of the SAH helix is to act as an extension of the myosin-VI lever arm.
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27
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Kitazato K, Milliken RE, Iwata T, Abe M, Ohtake M, Matsuura S, Arai T, Nakauchi Y, Nakamura T, Matsuoka M, Senshu H, Hirata N, Hiroi T, Pilorget C, Brunetto R, Poulet F, Riu L, Bibring JP, Takir D, Domingue DL, Vilas F, Barucci MA, Perna D, Palomba E, Galiano A, Tsumura K, Osawa T, Komatsu M, Nakato A, Arai T, Takato N, Matsunaga T, Takagi Y, Matsumoto K, Kouyama T, Yokota Y, Tatsumi E, Sakatani N, Yamamoto Y, Okada T, Sugita S, Honda R, Morota T, Kameda S, Sawada H, Honda C, Yamada M, Suzuki H, Yoshioka K, Hayakawa M, Ogawa K, Cho Y, Shirai K, Shimaki Y, Hirata N, Yamaguchi A, Ogawa N, Terui F, Yamaguchi T, Takei Y, Saiki T, Nakazawa S, Tanaka S, Yoshikawa M, Watanabe S, Tsuda Y. The surface composition of asteroid 162173 Ryugu from Hayabusa2 near-infrared spectroscopy. Science 2019; 364:272-275. [PMID: 30890589 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav7432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The near-Earth asteroid 162173 Ryugu, the target of the Hayabusa2 sample-return mission, is thought to be a primitive carbonaceous object. We report reflectance spectra of Ryugu's surface acquired with the Near-Infrared Spectrometer (NIRS3) on Hayabusa2, to provide direct measurements of the surface composition and geological context for the returned samples. A weak, narrow absorption feature centered at 2.72 micrometers was detected across the entire observed surface, indicating that hydroxyl (OH)-bearing minerals are ubiquitous there. The intensity of the OH feature and low albedo are similar to thermally and/or shock-metamorphosed carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. There are few variations in the OH-band position, which is consistent with Ryugu being a compositionally homogeneous rubble-pile object generated from impact fragments of an undifferentiated aqueously altered parent body.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kitazato
- The University of Aizu, Fukushima, Japan.
| | | | - T Iwata
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - M Abe
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - M Ohtake
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - T Arai
- Ashikaga University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Y Nakauchi
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan
| | | | - M Matsuoka
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan
| | - H Senshu
- Chiba Institute of Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - N Hirata
- The University of Aizu, Fukushima, Japan
| | - T Hiroi
- Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - C Pilorget
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatial, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - R Brunetto
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatial, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - F Poulet
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatial, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - L Riu
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan
| | - J-P Bibring
- Institut d'Astrophysique Spatial, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France
| | - D Takir
- Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - F Vilas
- Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - M A Barucci
- Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique (LESIA), Observatoire de Paris, Meudon, France
| | - D Perna
- Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Monte Porzio Catone, Italy.,Laboratoire d'Etudes Spatiales et d'Instrumentation en Astrophysique (LESIA), Observatoire de Paris, Meudon, France
| | - E Palomba
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | - A Galiano
- Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, INAF, Roma, Italy
| | - K Tsumura
- Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.,Tokyo City University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Osawa
- Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - M Komatsu
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - A Nakato
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan
| | - T Arai
- Chiba Institute of Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - N Takato
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - T Matsunaga
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Y Takagi
- Aichi Toho University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - K Matsumoto
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - T Kouyama
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Yokota
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan.,Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - E Tatsumi
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Sakatani
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Y Yamamoto
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - T Okada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan.,The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Sugita
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R Honda
- Kochi University, Kochi, Japan
| | - T Morota
- Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - H Sawada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan
| | - C Honda
- The University of Aizu, Fukushima, Japan
| | - M Yamada
- Chiba Institute of Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | - M Hayakawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan
| | - K Ogawa
- Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Cho
- The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Shirai
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Y Shimaki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan
| | | | - A Yamaguchi
- National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - N Ogawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan
| | - F Terui
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan
| | - T Yamaguchi
- Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Y Takei
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan
| | - T Saiki
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan
| | - S Nakazawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan
| | - S Tanaka
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - M Yoshikawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - S Watanabe
- Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Y Tsuda
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science (ISAS), Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Sagamihara, Japan.,The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Kanagawa, Japan
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28
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Brahmachari S, Dittmore A, Takagi Y, Neuman KC, Marko JF. Defect-facilitated buckling in supercoiled double-helix DNA. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:022416. [PMID: 29548184 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.022416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We present a statistical-mechanical model for stretched twisted double-helix DNA, where thermal fluctuations are treated explicitly from a Hamiltonian without using any scaling hypotheses. Our model applied to defect-free supercoiled DNA describes the coexistence of multiple plectoneme domains in long DNA molecules at physiological salt concentrations (≈0.1M Na^{+}) and stretching forces (≈1pN). We find a higher (lower) number of domains at lower (higher) ionic strengths and stretching forces, in accord with experimental observations. We use our model to study the effect of an immobile point defect on the DNA contour that allows a localized kink. The degree of the kink is controlled by the defect size, such that a larger defect further reduces the bending energy of the defect-facilitated kinked end loop. We find that a defect can spatially pin a plectoneme domain via nucleation of a kinked end loop, in accord with experiments and simulations. Our model explains previously reported magnetic tweezer experiments [A. Dittmore et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 147801 (2017)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.119.147801] showing two buckling signatures: buckling and "rebuckling" in supercoiled DNA with a base-unpaired region. Comparing with experiments, we find that under 1 pN force, a kinked end loop nucleated at a base-mismatched site reduces the bending energy by ≈0.7 k_{B}T per unpaired base. Our model predicts the coexistence of three states at the buckling and rebuckling transitions, which warrants new experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitabha Brahmachari
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Andrew Dittmore
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Yasuharu Takagi
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Keir C Neuman
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - John F Marko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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Ohno T, Nosaka Y, Fujiwara W, Miyamoto T, Kadonaga T, Kidokoro Y, Wakahara M, Takagi Y, Tanaka Y, Haruki T, Miwa K, Suzuki Y, Taniguchi Y, Nakamura H, Umekita Y. P2.09-26 Clinical Significance of Subcellular Localization of Maspin in Patients with Pathological Stage IA Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Kidokoro Y, Haruki T, Nozaka Y, Fujiwara W, Miyamoto T, Kadonaga T, Ohno T, Wakahara M, Takagi Y, Tanaka Y, Nosaka K, Miwa K, Suzuki Y, Taniguchi Y, Kodani M, Umekita Y, Nakamura H. P3.09-24 The Concordance of Histological Diagnosis from Transbronchial Biopsy and Resected Specimen of Lung Cancers. J Thorac Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2018.08.1793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Jung HS, Cho KJ, Seol Y, Takagi Y, Dittmore A, Roche PA, Neuman KC. Polydopamine encapsulation of fluorescent nanodiamonds for biomedical applications. Adv Funct Mater 2018; 28:1801252. [PMID: 30686957 PMCID: PMC6342502 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201801252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are promising bio-imaging probes compared with other fluorescent nanomaterials such as quantum dots, dye-doped nanoparticles, and metallic nanoclusters, due to their remarkable optical properties and excellent biocompatibility. Nevertheless, they are prone to aggregation in physiological salt solutions, and modifying their surface to conjugate biologically active agents remains challenging. Here, inspired by the adhesive protein of marine mussels, we demonstrate encapsulation of FNDs within a polydopamine (PDA) shell. These PDA surfaces are readily modified via Michael addition or Schiff base reactions with molecules presenting thiol or nitrogen derivatives. We describe modification of PDA shells by thiol terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-SH) molecules to enhance colloidal stability and biocompatibility of FNDs. We demonstrate their use as fluorescent probes for cell imaging; we find that PEGylated FNDs are taken up by HeLa cells and mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and exhibit reduced nonspecific membrane adhesion. Furthermore, we demonstrate functionalization with biotin-PEG-SH and perform long-term high-resolution single-molecule fluorescence based tracking measurements of FNDs tethered via streptavidin to individual biotinylated DNA molecules. Our robust polydopamine encapsulation and functionalization strategy presents a facile route to develop FNDs as multifunctional labels, drug delivery vehicles, and targeting agents for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hak-Sung Jung
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kyung-Jin Cho
- Experimental Immunology Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yeonee Seol
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yasuharu Takagi
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew Dittmore
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul A Roche
- Experimental Immunology Branch, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Keir C Neuman
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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32
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Ota T, Misawa M, Miyamoto M, Takagi Y, Koide Y, Saito S. High flow nasal cannula oxygenation therapy enables intraoperative TOE at TAVI under MAC. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2018.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Young G, Hundt N, Cole D, Fineberg A, Andrecka J, Tyler A, Olerinyova A, Ansari A, Marklund EG, Collier MP, Chandler SA, Tkachenko O, Allen J, Crispin M, Billington N, Takagi Y, Sellers JR, Eichmann C, Selenko P, Frey L, Riek R, Galpin MR, Struwe WB, Benesch JLP, Kukura P. Quantitative mass imaging of single biological macromolecules. Science 2018; 360:423-427. [PMID: 29700264 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar5839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 320] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The cellular processes underpinning life are orchestrated by proteins and their interactions. The associated structural and dynamic heterogeneity, despite being key to function, poses a fundamental challenge to existing analytical and structural methodologies. We used interferometric scattering microscopy to quantify the mass of single biomolecules in solution with 2% sequence mass accuracy, up to 19-kilodalton resolution, and 1-kilodalton precision. We resolved oligomeric distributions at high dynamic range, detected small-molecule binding, and mass-imaged proteins with associated lipids and sugars. These capabilities enabled us to characterize the molecular dynamics of processes as diverse as glycoprotein cross-linking, amyloidogenic protein aggregation, and actin polymerization. Interferometric scattering mass spectrometry allows spatiotemporally resolved measurement of a broad range of biomolecular interactions, one molecule at a time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Young
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Nikolas Hundt
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Daniel Cole
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Adam Fineberg
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Joanna Andrecka
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Andrew Tyler
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Anna Olerinyova
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Ayla Ansari
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Erik G Marklund
- Department of Chemistry Biomedicinskt Centrum, Uppsala University, Box 576, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Miranda P Collier
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Shane A Chandler
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Olga Tkachenko
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Joel Allen
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Max Crispin
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Neil Billington
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yasuharu Takagi
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James R Sellers
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cédric Eichmann
- In-Cell NMR Laboratory, Department of NMR-supported Structural Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP Berlin), Robert-Rössle Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Selenko
- In-Cell NMR Laboratory, Department of NMR-supported Structural Biology, Leibniz Institute of Molecular Pharmacology (FMP Berlin), Robert-Rössle Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Frey
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roland Riek
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Martin R Galpin
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Weston B Struwe
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK
| | - Justin L P Benesch
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK.
| | - Philipp Kukura
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK.
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Tamura S, Suga Y, Tanamura M, Murata-Kawakami M, Takagi Y, Hottori Y, Kakihara M, Suzuki S, Takagi A, Kojima T. Optimisation of antithrombin resistance assay as a practical clinical laboratory test: Development of prothrombin activator using factors Xa/Va and automation of assay. Int J Lab Hematol 2018; 40:312-319. [PMID: 29436777 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antithrombin resistance (ATR) is a novel thrombotic risk in abnormal prothrombins. A manual ATR assay using Oxyuranus scutellatus (Ox) venom as a prothrombin activator was established for detecting antithrombin-resistant prothrombin. However, this assay was limited because of Ox snake venom availability and its throughput capacity. Here, we have improved the ATR assay using bovine factors Xa and Va (FXa/Va) as prothrombin activators and have optimised assay conditions for an automated instrument (ACL TOP 500). METHODS Diluted plasma was incubated with a prothrombin activator mix (phospholipids, CaCl2 , and bovine FXa/Va), followed by inactivation with antithrombin for 10, 20 and 30 minutes. We added a chromogenic substrate S-2238, and assessed changes in absorbance/min at 405 nm. We also adapted assay conditions for ACL TOP 500. RESULTS Optimum conditions for FXa/Va treatment were 6.25% phospholipids, 5 mM CaCL2 , 0.01 μg/mL FXa and 0.1 μg/mL FVa. ATR assay kinetics with the FXa/Va activator was comparable with that with the Ox activator in heterozygous reconstituted plasma with the recombinant wild-type or antithrombin-resistant prothrombin. Using ACL TOP 500, optimum conditions for the FXa/Va treatment were 10.0% phospholipids, 5 mM CaCl2 , 0.02 μg/mL FXa and 0.2 μg/mL FVa. The automated ATR assay with the FXa/Va activator demonstrated good detectability for antithrombin-resistant prothrombin in plasma from a heterozygous carrier with prothrombin Yukuhashi or Belgrade. CONCLUSION We optimised the ATR assay with the FXa/Va activator and adapted the assay for ACL TOP 500; the assay showed the ability to clearly detect antithrombin-resistant prothrombin in manual and automated procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tamura
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Y Suga
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - M Tanamura
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - M Murata-Kawakami
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Y Takagi
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Hottori
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - M Kakihara
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - S Suzuki
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - A Takagi
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - T Kojima
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Melli L, Billington N, Sun SA, Bird JE, Nagy A, Friedman TB, Takagi Y, Sellers JR. Bipolar filaments of human nonmuscle myosin 2-A and 2-B have distinct motile and mechanical properties. eLife 2018; 7:32871. [PMID: 29419377 PMCID: PMC5829915 DOI: 10.7554/elife.32871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonmusclemyosin 2 (NM-2) powers cell motility and tissue morphogenesis by assembling into bipolar filaments that interact with actin. Although the enzymatic properties of purified NM-2 motor fragments have been determined, the emergent properties of filament ensembles are unknown. Using single myosin filament in vitro motility assays, we report fundamental differences in filaments formed of different NM-2 motors. Filaments consisting of NM2-B moved processively along actin, while under identical conditions, NM2-A filaments did not. By more closely mimicking the physiological milieu, either by increasing solution viscosity or by co-polymerization with NM2-B, NM2-A containing filaments moved processively. Our data demonstrate that both the kinetic and mechanical properties of these two myosins, in addition to the stochiometry of NM-2 subunits, can tune filament mechanical output. We propose altering NM-2 filament composition is a general cellular strategy for tailoring force production of filaments to specific functions, such as maintaining tension or remodeling actin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Melli
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Neil Billington
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Sara A Sun
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Jonathan E Bird
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Attila Nagy
- Vaccine Production Program Laboratory, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Gaithersburg, United States
| | - Thomas B Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Yasuharu Takagi
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - James R Sellers
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
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Yurugi Y, Fujiwara W, Kidokoro Y, Hosoya K, Ohno T, Sakabe T, Kubouchi Y, Wakahara M, Takagi Y, Haruki T, Nosaka K, Miwa K, Araki K, Taniguchi Y, Shiomi T, Nakamura H, Umekita Y. P1.02-060 Podoplanin Expression in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Predicts Poor Prognosis in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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37
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Kubouchi Y, Fujiwara W, Kidokoro Y, Ohno T, Yurugi Y, Wakahara M, Takagi Y, Miwa K, Araki K, Taniguchi Y, Nakamura H, Umekita Y. P1.02-061 Podoplanin Expression in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Predicts Unfavorable Prognosis in Patients with Stage IA Adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hattori K, Matsuda T, Takagi Y, Nagaya M, Inoue T, Mizuno Y, Nakajima H, Nishida Y, Hasegawa Y, Kawaguchi K, Fukui T, Ozeki N, Yokoi K, Ito S. P3.16-010 Preoperative Six-Minute Walk Distance Is Associated with Complications of Pneumonia after Lung Resection. J Thorac Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2017.09.1816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Suzuki S, Nakamura Y, Suzuki N, Yamazaki T, Takagi Y, Tamura S, Takagi A, Kanematsu T, Matsushita T, Kojima T. Combined deficiency of factors V and VIII by chance coinheritance of parahaemophilia and haemophilia A, but not by mutations of either LMAN1 or MCFD2, in a Japanese family. Haemophilia 2017; 24:e13-e16. [PMID: 29082580 DOI: 10.1111/hae.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Suzuki
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Y Nakamura
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - N Suzuki
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | | | - Y Takagi
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - S Tamura
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - A Takagi
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - T Kanematsu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - T Matsushita
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - T Kojima
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Science, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Abstract
We present a method of detecting sequence defects by supercoiling DNA with magnetic tweezers. The method is sensitive to a single mismatched base pair in a DNA sequence of several thousand base pairs. We systematically compare DNA molecules with 0 to 16 adjacent mismatches at 1 M monovalent salt and 3.6 pN force and show that under these conditions, a single plectoneme forms and is stably pinned at the defect. We use these measurements to estimate the energy and degree of end-loop kinking at defects. From this, we calculate the relative probability of plectoneme pinning at the mismatch under physiologically relevant conditions. Based on this estimate, we propose that DNA supercoiling could contribute to mismatch and damage sensing in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Dittmore
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Sumitabha Brahmachari
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Yasuharu Takagi
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - John F Marko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Keir C Neuman
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Takenobu Y, Yoshida K, Takagi Y, Miyamoto S. Usefulness and limitations of arterial spin labeling MRI for detection of hyperperfusion phenomenon arter cerebral revasucularization surgery. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.2689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yamamoto Y, Segawa M, Hanawa K, Kudo S, Takagi Y, Aizawa K, Sugi M. P5189Impact of percutaneous endoatherectomy of heavily calcified lesion in non-stent zone using sheathless guiding with occlusion balloon and bioptome (BRAVO). Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx493.p5189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Yamamoto Y, Segawa M, Hanawa K, Kudo S, Takagi Y, Aizawa K, Sugi M. P5185Findings from angioscopy during 2-step recanalization technique for in-stent re-occlusion of superficial femoral artery. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx493.p5185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Yamamoto Y, Segawa M, Hanawa K, Kudo S, Takagi Y, Aizawa K, Sugi M. P5186Impact of trans-radial angioplasty for iliac CTO via combined use of 4Fr multipurpose catheter and 0.018 guidewire. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx493.p5186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Miljic P, Gvozdenov M, Takagi Y, Takagi A, Pruner I, Dragojevic M, Tomic B, Bodrozic J, Kojima T, Radojkovic D, Djordjevic V. Clinical and biochemical characterization of the prothrombin Belgrade mutation in a large Serbian pedigree: new insights into the antithrombin resistance mechanism. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:670-677. [PMID: 28075532 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Prothrombin Belgrade mutation leads to antithrombin resistance. Clinical and biochemical phenotypes in a large family with this mutation were investigated. In carriers, we detected decreased factor II activity and increased endogenous thrombin potential. Prothrombin Belgrade mutation represents a strong prothrombotic risk factor. SUMMARY Background The recently reported c.1787G>A mutation in the prothrombin gene leads to Arg596Gln replacement in the protein molecule (prothrombin Belgrade). This substitution impairs binding of antithrombin to thrombin and results in inherited thrombophilia, known as antithrombin resistance. Objectives We aimed to elucidate the clinical and biochemical characteristics of thrombophilia associated with antithrombin resistance in a large Serbian family with the prothrombin Belgrade mutation. Patients and methods Nineteen family members were investigated, among whom 10 were carriers of the c.1787G>A mutation. In all subjects the clinical phenotype was determined and laboratory investigations of hemostatic parameters were performed. Results Six out of the 10 mutation carriers developed thromboembolic events, mainly deep venous and mesenteric vein thrombosis. The median age of the first thrombotic event was 26.5 (12-41) years, whereas the incidence rate of first thrombosis was 2.2% per year. In all mutation carriers prothrombin activity was significantly decreased in comparison with non-carriers, clearly distinguishing each group. However, the presence of the mutation did not affect the prothrombin antigen level in plasma. The endogenous thrombin potential was significantly increased in all carriers in comparison with non-carriers, indicating the presence of blood hypercoagulability. Interestingly, levels of D-dimer and the F1+2 fragment were similar in both groups. Conclusions Although rare, the prothrombin Belgrade mutation represents strong thrombophilia with early onset of thrombosis in the investigated family. According to our results, decreased prothrombin activity may be a simple screening test for detection of this mutation in thrombotic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Miljic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Hematology, University Clinical Center, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Gvozdenov
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Serbia, Serbia
| | - Y Takagi
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - A Takagi
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - I Pruner
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Serbia, Serbia
| | - M Dragojevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Serbia, Serbia
| | - B Tomic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Serbia, Serbia
| | - J Bodrozic
- Clinic of Hematology, University Clinical Center, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - T Kojima
- Department of Pathophysiological Laboratory Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - D Radojkovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Serbia, Serbia
| | - V Djordjevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Serbia, Serbia
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Wolny M, Batchelor M, Bartlett GJ, Baker EG, Kurzawa M, Knight PJ, Dougan L, Takagi Y, Woolfson DN, Paci E, Peckham M. Design and Characterization of Long and Stable de novo Single α-Helix Domains. Biophys J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Takagi Y, Hundt N, Billington N, Andrecka J, Cole D, Fineberg AJ, Katagiri N, Bird JE, Friedman TB, Kukura P, Sellers JR. Direct Single Molecule Observations of the Unique Mechanical State of Human Myosin-6. Biophys J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.1438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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48
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Andrecka J, Takagi Y, Mickolajczyk KJ, Lippert LG, Sellers JR, Hancock WO, Goldman YE, Kukura P. Interferometric Scattering Microscopy for the Study of Molecular Motors. Methods Enzymol 2016; 581:517-539. [PMID: 27793291 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of molecular motor function has been greatly improved by the development of imaging modalities, which enable real-time observation of their motion at the single-molecule level. Here, we describe the use of a new method, interferometric scattering microscopy, for the investigation of motor protein dynamics by attaching and tracking the motion of metallic nanoparticle labels as small as 20nm diameter. Using myosin-5, kinesin-1, and dynein as examples, we describe the basic assays, labeling strategies, and principles of data analysis. Our approach is relevant not only for motor protein dynamics but also provides a general tool for single-particle tracking with high spatiotemporal precision, which overcomes the limitations of single-molecule fluorescence methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Andrecka
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Y Takagi
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - K J Mickolajczyk
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States; Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - L G Lippert
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - J R Sellers
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - W O Hancock
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States; Intercollege Graduate Degree Program in Bioengineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Y E Goldman
- Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - P Kukura
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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49
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Tamada H, Nezu R, Imamura I, Matsuo Y, Takagi Y, Kamata S, Okada A. The Dipeptide Alanyl-Glutamine Prevents Intestinal Mucosal Atrophy in Parenterally Fed Rats. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2016; 16:110-6. [PMID: 1372946 DOI: 10.1177/0148607192016002110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine whether the addition of alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln) can prevent intestinal mucosal atrophy induced by standard solution of total parenteral nutrition (S-TPN). Forty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250 g were randomly divided into four groups: group I was killed after overnight fasting; group II received S-TPN. The other groups received S-TPN supplemented with amino acids other than glutamine (group III) or supplemented with Ala-Gln 2 g/100 mL (group IV); both solutions were isocaloric and isonitrogenous. After 1 week of TPN the rats were killed, and the duodenum, proximal jejunum, mid-small bowel, and distal ileum were obtained for morphologic and functional analysis. Weight gain did not differ significantly among these four groups, and there was no difference in nitrogen balance between groups III and IV. Serum glutamine in group IV (102.8 +/- 13.3 mumol/dL) was significantly increased (p less than .05) compared with groups I, II, and III (66.2 +/- 3.9, 55.7 +/- 7.8, and 61.3 +/- 10.8 mumol/dL, respectively). Mucosal wet weight, protein, RNA, sucrase, and maltase of group IV were significantly increased (p less than .05) compared with groups II and III. Villus height was significantly increased (p less than .05) in the jejunum of group IV rats compared with groups II and III, but not in any other segments of the intestine. No significant changes were observed in crypt depth among all groups. Diamine oxidase in groups II, III, and IV was significantly decreased (p less than .05) compared with group I in all segments except for the ileum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tamada
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Osaka University Medical School, Japan
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50
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Sekizawa O, Uruga T, Takagi Y, Nitta K, Kato K, Tanida H, Uesugi K, Hoshino M, Ikenaga E, Takeshita K, Takahashi S, Sano M, Aoyagi H, Watanabe A, Nariyama N, Ohashi H, Yumoto H, Koyama T, Senba Y, Takeuchi T, Furukawa Y, Ohata T, Matsushita T, Ishizawa Y, Kudo T, Kimura H, Yamazaki H, Tanaka T, Bizen T, Seike T, Goto S, Ohno H, Takata M, Kitamura H, Ishikawa T, Tada M, Yokoyama T, Iwasawa Y. SPring-8 BL36XU: Catalytic Reaction Dynamics for Fuel Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/712/1/012142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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