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Seo H, Kim S, Lee YW, Oh HS, Kim HS, Kim YK. Comparison of clinical outcomes of patients with serial negative surveillance cultures according to a subsequent polymerase chain reaction test for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales. J Hosp Infect 2024; 146:93-101. [PMID: 38369061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2024.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are of serious concern worldwide due to high morbidity and mortality. AIM To evaluate the impact of the result of a subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for carbapenemase after serial negative surveillance cultures on positive culture conversion in patients with three consecutive negative surveillance cultures for CPE, and to identify risk factors for conversion. METHODS A retrospective study of patients with positive CPE cultures on CHROMagar KPC medium was performed in a Korean tertiary hospital from October 2018 to December 2022. PCR for blaKPC, blaNDM, blaIMP, blaVIM, blaGES, and blaOXA-48 was performed after three consecutive negative rectal swab cultures. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients were compared according to whether follow-up PCR was positive (CNPP) or negative (CNPN). FINDINGS Of 1075 patients with positive CPE cultures, 150 (14.0%) yielded three consecutive negative rectal swab cultures. Of these, 50 (33.3%) were CNPP, and 100 (66.7%) were CNPN. Risk factors associated with a positive PCR result on multivariate analysis were: age, central venous catheter, and Escherichia coli infection. CNPP patients were more likely to have positive culture conversion for CPE than CNPN patients (39/44 (88.6%) vs 21/50 (42.0%), P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for culture conversion were: a positive PCR result after surveillance cultures, diabetes mellitus, central venous catheter, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. CONCLUSION CNPP patients have higher rates of culture conversion than CNPN patients, and a follow-up PCR test after serial negative surveillance cultures is useful in deciding whether or not to discontinue contact precautions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Seo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - S Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Y W Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - H S Oh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - H-S Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Y K Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea.
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Lee YW, Chuang JY, Lin CC, Paul MC, Das S, Dhar A. High-efficiency picosecond mode-locked laser using a thulium-doped nanoengineered yttrium-alumina-silica fiber as the gain medium. Opt Express 2021; 29:14682-14693. [PMID: 33985185 DOI: 10.1364/oe.422947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the theoretical and experimental investigation of a self-starting mode-locked fiber laser with a nanoengineered Tm3+-doped yttrium-alumina-silica (YAS) fiber as the gain medium. The YAS fiber exhibits a higher capability of Tm3+ cluster elimination than commercial silica fibers. The Tm3+ fluorescence properties and YAS dispersion are well characterized. As a result, an efficient picosecond mode-locked fiber laser is demonstrated with a slope efficiency of 14.14% and maximum pulse energy of 1.27 nJ. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first mode-locked fiber laser based on a Tm3+-doped YAS fiber. The experimental observation is also supported by the numerical analysis.
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Yoo KH, Park SJ, Han HS, Won CH, Lee YW, Kim BJ. Randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, multicentre, phase III clinical trial with two stages to assess the safety and efficacy of letibotulinum toxin a vs. onabotulinum toxin a for subjects with moderate to severe crow's feet. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:1587-1594. [PMID: 33721365 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Letibotulinum toxin A (LeBA) was approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (known as the Korea Food & Drug Administration) for cosmetic indications in 2012. However, the efficacy and safety of this newly introduced LeBA have not been investigated in crow's feet lines (CFL) treatment and standardization before its universal use. OBJECTIVE The aim of this multicentre, double-blind, randomized, parallel, active-controlled Phase III clinical trial with two stages (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03408236) was to investigate the non-inferiority of LeBA vs. the existing onabotulinum toxin A (OnBA) for the treatment of CFL. METHODS A total of 240 subjects were randomized to either the test (LeBA) or control (OnBA) group. At the baseline and at weeks 4 while maximum smiling (primary efficacy assessment), 8, 12 and 16, investigator's on-site evaluation, independent evaluator, evaluation by the subjects, subjects' satisfaction assessment and safety assessment were performed. RESULTS At week 4, the response rate of primary efficacy assessment was 69.75% and 68.33% in the test (LeBA) and control (OnBA) groups, respectively, without a significant difference. Other minor secondary evaluation results showed significant differences suggesting that LeBA offered better improvement than OnBA, but the overall results did not show significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSION This study showed that LeBA was as effective and safe as OnBA for the treatment of CFL at the same doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Yoo
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - S J Park
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - H S Han
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - C H Won
- Department of Dermatology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y W Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - B J Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Abstract
Perovskite BaBiO3 films are grown on MgO (100) substrate and SrTiO3 (001) and (110) substrates using pulsed laser deposition. The thickness of the films ranges from ∼10 nm up to 200 nm. X-ray diffraction and reciprocal space mapping show that the thin films are grown epitaxially but relaxed considerably particularly for the films on SrTiO3. The topography of the film surfaces are obtained with AFM and found to be atomically flat with the step and terrace structure of unit cell step height. Raman spectroscopy is performed on the BaBiO3 films in the temperature range from 50 K to 300 K. The phonon modes related to octahedral breathing, bond bending, and bond stretching are detected in the Raman spectra, and the distinctive features are found in the phonon modes below and above a structural transition around 140 K. Out-of-plane dielectric measurements are also carried out from 10 K to 400 K for the films on SrTiO3 with different orientations. In particular, the dielectric measurements demonstrate frequency as well as orientation dependent anisotropic dielectric relaxation behaviors in BaBiO3 films.
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Yao H, Xu JK, Zheng NY, Wang JL, Mok SW, Lee YW, Shi L, Wang JY, Yue J, Yung SH, Hu PJ, Ruan YC, Zhang YF, Ho KW, Qin L. Intra-articular injection of magnesium chloride attenuates osteoarthritis progression in rats. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:1811-1821. [PMID: 31536815 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of Mg2+ on the expression of osteoarthritic markers in human cartilage and synovium tissue explants. To investigate the therapeutic effect of intra-articular injection of Mg2+ in an established rat OA (Osteoarthritis) model of anterior cruciate ligament transection with partial medial meniscectomy (ACLT + PMM). DESIGN Human cartilage and synovium explants were collected from total knee replacement surgeries and incubated with MgCl2 (20 mmol/L) in vitro. A rat OA model was established by ACLT + PMM surgery in 450-500 g male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. To select the optimal dose, intra-articular injections of MgCl2 (0.05, 0.5, 5 mol/L) were performed at 4 weeks after the surgery every 3 days for 2 weeks. The effect of optimized MgCl2 was further determined by histology, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The expressions of osteoarthritic markers in human cartilage and synovium explants were inhibited by Mg2+in vitro. Immunohistochemical analysis further suggested the inhibitory effects of Mg2+ on the expression of MMP-13 and IL-6 in the human tissue explants. Cartilage degeneration and synovitis in ACLT + PMM rats were significantly improved by intra-articular injections of Mg2+ (0.5 mol/L). Immunohistochemical analysis also showed the regulatory effects of Mg2+ on osteoarthritic markers in both cartilage and synovium in rats, consistent with in vitro results. CONCLUSION Intra-articular injections of Mg2+ at 0.5 mol/L attenuate the progression of OA in the ACLT + PMM rat model. Such effect was at least in part explained by the promotion of cartilage matrix synthesis and the suppression of synovial inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
| | - J K Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
| | - N Y Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
| | - J L Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
| | - S W Mok
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
| | - Y W Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
| | - L Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
| | - J Y Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
| | - J Yue
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
| | - S H Yung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
| | - P J Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnic University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
| | - Y C Ruan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnic University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
| | - Y F Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - K W Ho
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
| | - L Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.
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Lee YW, Choon SE, Izham S. Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D deficiency in Malaysian children with severe atopic dermatitis. Med J Malaysia 2019; 74:259-265. [PMID: 31424030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D deficiency has been shown to be a determinant of disease severity in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). There is a lack of information on the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Malaysian children with AD. The objective of this study was to determine the association of vitamin D deficiency with AD severity, to compare vitamin D deficiency between children with and without AD and to determine prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in children with AD. METHODS A case-control study to examine serum 25- hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels in children with and without AD was done. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level was measured by immunoassay. AD severity was evaluated using the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index. RESULTS The serum levels of 25(OH)D, measured in 135 children with AD was not statistically different from 65 children without AD [median (IQR): 25.2ng/mL (15.45) vs 25.9ng/mL (15.87), p=0.616]. However, serum vitamin D levels were significantly lower in children with severe AD compared to those with mild-to-moderate AD [median (IQR): 16.0ng/mL (19.32) vs 26.3ng/mL (15.56), p=0.021]. The odds of having vitamin D deficiency in children with severe AD was 3.82 times that of children with non-severe AD (95% confidence level: 1.13, 12.87). CONCLUSION This study suggests that there is an inverse association between vitamin D level and the severity of AD in Malaysian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Lee
- Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Department of Dermatology, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - S E Choon
- Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Department of Dermatology, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - S Izham
- Hospital Sultanah Aminah, Department of Chemical Pathology, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
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Lee YW, Won CH, Jung K, Nam HJ, Choi G, Park YH, Park M, Kim B. Efficacy and safety of PAC-14028 cream - a novel, topical, nonsteroidal, selective TRPV1 antagonist in patients with mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis: a phase IIb randomized trial. Br J Dermatol 2019; 180:1030-1038. [PMID: 30623408 PMCID: PMC6850419 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily, member 1 (TRPV1) may play an important role in pruritus and inflammation induction in atopic dermatitis (AD). The treatment effect of TRPV1 antagonist via topical application in patients with AD remains unknown. Objectives To assess the clinical efficacy and safety of PAC‐14028, a TRPV1 antagonist, via topical application in patients with AD. Methods In this 8‐week, phase IIb, randomized, double‐blind, multicentre, vehicle‐controlled study, patients with mild‐to‐moderate AD were randomized to receive PAC‐14028 cream 0·1%, 0·3%, 1·0% or vehicle cream twice daily. The primary efficacy end point was the Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) success rate defined as the percentage of patients with an IGA score of 0 or 1 at week 8. The secondary efficacy end points included the severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index and Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) 75/90. Results A total of 194 patients were enrolled. IGA success rates at week 8 were 14·58% for vehicle cream, 42·55% for PAC‐14028 cream 0·1% (P = 0·0025 vs. vehicle), 38·30% for PAC‐14028 cream 0·3% (P = 0·0087 vs. vehicle) and 57·45% for PAC‐14028 cream 1·0% (P < 0·001 vs. vehicle). In particular, statistically significant differences were found between the vehicle and treatment groups in the IGA success rates with two‐grade improvement. The SCORAD index, EASI 75/90, sleep disturbance score and pruritus visual analogue scale showed a trend towards improvement. No significant safety issues were reported. Conclusions PAC‐14028 cream may be an effective and safe treatment modality for the treatment of patients with mild‐to‐moderate AD. What is already known about this topic? Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases characterized by pruritic erythematous skin lesions and barrier dysfunction. Transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily, member 1 (TRPV1) antagonists suppress the release of pruritic and proinflammatory mediators. The preclinical results demonstrate the feasibility of TRPV1 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of AD.
What does this study add? TRPV1 regulates inflammation and pruritus in patients with AD. PAC‐14028 cream, a novel TRPV1 antagonist, was superior to vehicle in improving clinical symptoms and signs with a favourable safety profile in adults with mild‐to‐moderate AD. TRPV1 antagonism may play a role as a promising nonsteroidal topical treatment target for AD with a new mechanism of action.
Linked Editorial:https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.17777. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjd.17802 available online https://www.bjdonline.com/article/
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C-H Won
- Department of Dermatology, Ulsan University College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K Jung
- Vital Beautie Research Institute, AmorePacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - H-J Nam
- Vital Beautie Research Institute, AmorePacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - G Choi
- Vital Beautie Research Institute, AmorePacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-H Park
- Vital Beautie Research Institute, AmorePacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - M Park
- Vital Beautie Research Institute, AmorePacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - B Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yoo HS, Yoon J, Lee GH, Lee YW, Cho CK. Best Case Series Program Supportive Cases of Cordyceps militaris– and Panax notoginseng–Based Anticancer Herbal Formula. Integr Cancer Ther 2017; 10:NP1-3. [PMID: 21994206 DOI: 10.1177/1534735411423921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. The major aim of this study was to present 2 cancer cases treated with anticancer herbal formula Panax notoginseng and Cordyceps militaris. Methods. Two patients, with pancreatic adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue type lymphoma, respectively, were treated with P notoginseng and C militaris herbal formula without conventional treatments. Their tumor masses were compared using computed tomography during early and later periods of herbal formula treatment. Results. On computed tomography, reduction in tumor mass in both patients after 17 and 13 months of herbal treatments was noted, and the patients maintained stable disease and good quality of life until the last contact in November 2008. Conclusion. C militaris and P notoginseng are potential anticancer herbal prescriptions for adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue type lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Seung Yoo
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeungwon Yoon
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Grace H. Lee
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yeon-Weol Lee
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chong-Kwan Cho
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
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Kim MJ, Moon WJ, Hur MS, Han SH, Lee YW, Choe YB, Ahn KJ. Ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging using hyaluronic acid fillers: Differences between monophasic and biphasic fillers. Skin Res Technol 2017; 24:16-19. [PMID: 28543874 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an anionic, non-sulfated glycosaminoglycan distributed throughout the human skin and injectable HA fillers are the most commonly used in aesthetic field. This study aimed to determine if differences in physical characteristics of HA products (monophasic or biphasic fillers) affect the patterns of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS Twenty biphasic fillers and nine monophasic fillers were obtained from a commercial source, and examined with a 3.0 Tesla MRI scanner. Visual assessments and measurements of signal intensity for region of interest (ROI) were performed. A non-parametric Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare the ROI values. RESULTS Visual assessments by a radiologist did not show significant differences between the two types of fillers. While the signal intensity between the two types of filler did not differ significantly for T1-weighted images, the signal intensity of the biphasic filler was lower than that of the monophasic filler for T2-weighted images (P<.01). CONCLUSION Monophasic and biphasic HA fillers exhibited different MRI properties. Our findings may provide better insights into the use of in vivo MRI to evaluate aesthetic, procedure-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - W-J Moon
- Department of Radiology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M S Hur
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Han
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y W Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y B Choe
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - K J Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim SY, Hur MS, Choi BG, Kim MJ, Lee YW, Choe YB, Ahn KJ. A preliminary study of new single polymorphisms in the T helper type 17 pathway for psoriasis in the Korean population. Clin Exp Immunol 2016; 187:251-258. [PMID: 27774581 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a polygenic and multi-factorial disease showing ethnic differences in terms of its severity and frequency. Therapies targeting interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-17 receptor (IL-17R) and Janus kinases (JAKs) are in clinical development for the treatment of psoriasis, and their success suggests the essential role of these molecules in psoriasis. To investigate the genetic susceptibility in T helper type 17 (Th17) cell signal transduction pathways for promoting psoriasis, we performed candidate gene and linkage disequilibrium analysis. In 208 patients and 266 normal controls, we analysed 31 single nucleotide polymorphisms in 12 genes (CAMP, IL17A, IL17F, IL17RA, IL22, JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, STAT3, TLR7, TLR9 and TYK2; abbreviations: CAMP, human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide; STAT-3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3; TLR, Toll-like receptor; TYK2, tyrosine kinase 2). Patients with psoriasis showed a strong association for IL17F rs763780 [odds ratio (OR) = 3·27, P = 0·04], which results in a histidine-to-arginine substitution, and JAK2 rs2274471 (OR = 2·66, P = 0·02). In addition, JAK2 rs7849191 showed a protective pattern, met the significance threshold (OR = 0·77, P = 0·05) and showed a tendency for an inverse association with the frequency of early-onset psoriasis under age 40 years (P = 0·07). In haplotype analysis, JAK1 rs310241A/rs2780889T showed a protective effect (OR = 0·73, P = 0·03) in psoriasis. In conclusion, we report two new psoriasis-susceptibility loci, in IL17F and JAK2, as well as a newly identified late-onset associated protective JAK2 locus and a protective JAK1 haplotype in the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M S Hur
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - B G Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M J Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y W Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y B Choe
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K J Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University, School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Jang IS, Park JW, Jo EB, Cho CK, Lee YW, Yoo HS, Park J, Kim J, Jang BC, Choi JS. Growth inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effects of allergen-free Rhus verniciflua Stokes extract on A549 human lung cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:3037-3043. [PMID: 27667098 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that Rhus verniciflua Stokes (RVS) or its extract has the potential to be used for the treatment of inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. However, direct use of RVS or its extract as a herbal medicine has been limited due to the presence of urushiol, an allergenic toxin. In the present study, we prepared an extract of the allergen‑removed RVS (aRVS) based on a traditional method and investigated its inhibitory effect on the growth of various types of human cancer cells, including lung (A549), breast (MCF-7) and prostate (DU-145) cancer cell lines. Notably, among the cell lines tested, treatment with the aRVS extract strongly inhibited proliferation of the A549 cells at a 0.5 mg/ml concentration for 24 h that was not cytotoxic to normal human dermal fibroblasts. Furthermore, aRVS extract treatment largely reduced the survival and induced apoptosis of the A549 cells. At the mechanistic levels, treatment with the aRVS extract led to the downregulation of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 proteins, the activation of caspase-9/-3 proteins, an increase in cytosolic cytochrome c levels, the upregulation of Bax protein, an increase in phosphorylated p53 protein but a decrease in phosphorylated S6 protein in the A549 cells. Importantly, treatment with z-VAD‑fmk, a pan-caspase inhibitor attenuated aRVS extract-induced apoptosis in the A549 cells. These results demonstrate firstly that aRVS extract has growth inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effects on A549 human lung cancer cells through modulation of the expression levels and/or activities of caspases, Bcl-2, Mcl-1, Bax, p53 and S6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Bioconvergence, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Park
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-120, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Bi Jo
- Division of Bioconvergence, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Kwan Cho
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-120, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Weol Lee
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-120, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsoo Park
- Division of Biological Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-100, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Churl Jang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- Division of Bioconvergence, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
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Hwang IH, Kwon YK, Cho CK, Lee YW, Sung JS, Joo JC, Lee KB, Yoo HS, Jang IS. Modified Panax ginseng Extract Inhibits uPAR-Mediated α5β1-Integrin Signaling by Modulating Caveolin-1 to Induce Early Apoptosis in Lung Cancer Cells. Am J Chin Med 2016; 44:1081-97. [PMID: 27430913 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x16500609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Urokinase receptor (uPAR) is enhanced in many human cancer cells and is frequently an indicator of poor prognosis. Activation of [Formula: see text]1-integrin requires caveolin-1 and is regulated by uPAR. However, the underlying molecular mechanism responsible for the interaction between uPAR and [Formula: see text]1-integrin remains obscure. We found that modified regular Panax ginseng extract (MRGX) had a negative modulating effect on the uPAR/[Formula: see text]1-integrin interaction, disrupted the uPAR/integrin interaction by modulating caveoline-1, and caused early apoptosis in cancer cells. Additionally, we found that siRNA-mediated caveoline-1 downregulation inhibited uPAR-mediated [Formula: see text]1-integrin signaling, whereas caveoline-1 up-regulation stimulated the signaling, which suppressed p53 expression, thereby indicating negative crosstalk exists between the integrin [Formula: see text]1 and the p53 pathways. Thus, these findings identify a novel mechanism whereby the inhibition of [Formula: see text]1 integrin and the activation of p53 modulate the expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins that are crucially involved in inducing apoptosis in A549 lung cancer cells. Furthermore, MRGX causes changes in the expressions of members of the Bcl-2 family (Bax and Bcl-2) in a pro-apoptotic manner. In addition, MGRX-mediated inhibition of [Formula: see text]1 integrin attenuates ERK phosphorylation (p-ERK), which up-regulates caspase-8 and Bax. Therefore, ERK may affect mitochondria through a negative regulation of caspase-8 and Bax. Taken together, these findings reveal that MRGX is involved in uPAR-[Formula: see text]1-integrin signaling by modulating caveolin-1 signaling to induce early apoptosis in A549 lung-cancer cells and strongly indicate that MRGX might be useful as a herbal medicine and may lead to the development of new herbal medicine that would suppress the growth of lung-cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Hu Hwang
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Kyun Kwon
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-120, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Kwan Cho
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-120, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Weol Lee
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-120, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Suk Sung
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Cheon Joo
- Department of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Wonkwang University Oriental Medical Hospital, Jeonju 54887, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Bok Lee
- Division of Bioconvergence, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-120, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Bioconvergence, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333, Korea
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Jeon HJ, Kim JM, Cho CK, Lee YW, Yoo HS. Wheel Balanced Cancer Therapy for Longer Than 21 Days Can Have a Positive Effect on the Survival of Patients with Stage IV Cancer. J Pharmacopuncture 2015; 18:19-31. [PMID: 26388999 PMCID: PMC4573804 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2015.18.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Correlations of the levels of the nonspecific inflammatory markers C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and of the coagulation marker fibrinogen with the treatment period of wheel balanced cancer therapy were determined. Methods: Electronic charts of stage IV cancer patients hospitalized from February 1, 2008, to November 30, 2013, were reviewed retrospectively. Patients whose laboratory follow-up tests included at least two data points for at least one marker were included. Patients receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy or having Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) levels exceeding 2 were excluded. Correlations of the markers with the length of treatment for treatment periods ≥ 21 and ≤ 20 days were determined by gender and whether or not surgery had been performed. Results: Analyses of the CRP and the ESR revealed a higher proportion of patients with stable marker levels than with increased or decreased levels. Also, only the ESR in female and the CRP in male groups had higher proportions of patients with stable marker levels than with increased or decreased levels. The ≥ 21 day group had a higher proportion of patients with stable CRP and ESR levels than the ≤ 20 day group. Only the ESR in female and the CRP in male groups had higher proportions of patients with stable marker levels in the ≥ 21 day than in the ≤ 20 day group. In addition, only the CRP in the surgery group and the ESR in the non-surgery group had higher proportions of patients with stable marker levels in the ≥ 21 day group than in the ≤ 20 day group. Conclusion: For stage IV cancer patients at hospitals that offer Korean medicine, more than 21 days of long-term wheel balanced cancer therapy (WBCT) should help maintain the CRP and the ESR levels and should have a favorable effect on the survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Joon Jeon
- East West Cancer Center, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jong-Min Kim
- East West Cancer Center, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chong-Kwan Cho
- East West Cancer Center, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yeon-Weol Lee
- East West Cancer Center, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- East West Cancer Center, Dunsan Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
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Kwon YK, Lee SY, Kang HS, Sung JS, Cho CK, Yoo HS, Shin S, Choi JS, Lee YW, Jang IS. Differential Expression of Gene Profiles in MRGX-treated Lung Cancer. J Pharmacopuncture 2015; 16:30-8. [PMID: 25780673 PMCID: PMC4331971 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2013.16.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Modified regular ginseng extract (MRGX) has stronger anti-cancer activity-possessing gensenoside profiles. Methods: To investigate changes in gene expression in the MRGX-treated lung cancer cells (A549), we examined genomic data with cDNA microarray results. After completing the gene-ontology-based analysis, we grouped the genes into up-and down-regulated profiles and into ontology-related regulated genes and proteins through their interaction network. Results: One hundred nine proteins that were up- and down-regulated by MRGX were queried by using IPA. IL8, MMP7 and PLAUR and were found to play a major role in the anti-cancer activity in MRGX-treated lung cancer cells. These results were validated using a Western blot analysis and a semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Conclusions: Most MRGX-responsive genes are up-regulated transiently in A549 cells, but down-regulated in a sustained manner in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Kyun Kwon
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung-Yeul Lee
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hwan-Soo Kang
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Suk Sung
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chong-Kwan Cho
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seungjin Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yeon-Weol Lee
- East-West Cancer Center, Daejeon University College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon, Korea
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Lee JH, Koung FP, Cho CK, Lee YW, Yoo HS. Review of tumor dormancy therapy using traditional oriental herbal medicine. J Pharmacopuncture 2015; 16:12-20. [PMID: 25780657 PMCID: PMC4331953 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2013.16.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Standard cancer therapy prolongs survival, but can be detrimental to the quality of life, compromise the immune system, and leave residual disease that can cause recurrence years or decades in the future. Tumor dormancy therapy is a novel therapeutic approach that may improve these shortcomings, promote quality of life, and prolong survival. The aim of this study was to analyze studies on dormancy therapy, especially studies using traditional Oriental herbal medicine, so as to evaluate the efficacy of dormancy therapy with traditional oriental herbal medicine. METHODS We conducted a systematic literature review using Scientific and Technical Information Integration Services (NDSL), PubMed, and RISS. We searched for clinical reports, papers, and books related to tumor metastasis, recurrence, immunotherapy, tumor dormancy, and traditional oriental herbal medicine with anticancer effects. Seventy-nine (79) experimental and clinical articles in both Korean and English were reviewed. This study was conducted from March 1, 2012 to May 31, 2012. RESULTS This approach, Tumor dormancy therapy, rather than seeking to remove the tumor, includes combination of low-dose chemotherapy, immunotherapy, immunosurveillance, and other methods to stabilize tumor growth and to enhance the host is immunity against disseminated tumor cells and thus to manage cancer as a chronic disease while maintaining quality of life. In particular, integrative use of Oriental herbal medicine has been shown to induce or maintain tumor dormancy, increase the effectiveness of conventional chemotherapy, improve quality of life, and prolong survival. CONCLUSION Tumor dormancy therapy is a promising novel therapeutic approach that may be especially effective with Oriental herbal medicine. Further research is needed to determine its potential mechanisms and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Ho Lee
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Fan-Pei Koung
- Department of General Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
| | - Chong-Kwan Cho
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yeon-Weol Lee
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea ; Department of General Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, USA
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Kim KH, Kwon YK, Cho CK, Lee YW, Lee SH, Jang SG, Yoo BC, Yoo HS. Galectin-3-independent Down-regulation of GABABR1 due to Treatment with Korean Herbal Extract HAD-B Reduces Proliferation of Human Colon Cancer Cells. J Pharmacopuncture 2015; 15:19-30. [PMID: 25780644 PMCID: PMC4331940 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2012.15.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many efforts have shown multi-oncologic roles of galectin-3 for cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. However, the mechanisms by which galectin-3 is involved in cell proliferation are not yet fully understood, especially in human colon cancer cells. METHODS To cluster genes showing positively or negatively correlated expression with galectin-3, we employed human colon cancer cell lines, SNU-61, SNU-81, SNU-769B, SNU-C4 and SNU-C5 in high-throughput gene expression profiling. Gene and protein expression levels were determined by using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot analysis, respectively. The proliferation rate of human colon cancer cells was measured by using a 3-(4, 5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. RESULTS Expression of γ-aminobutyric acid B receptor 1 (GABABR1) showed a positive correlation with galectin-3 at both the transcriptional and the translational levels. Downregulation of galectin-3 decreased not only GABABR1 expression but also the proliferation rate of human colon cancer cells. However, Korean herbal extract, HangAmDan-B (HAD-B), decreased expression of GABABR1 without any expressional change of galectin-3, and offset γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-enhanced human colon cancer cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our present study confirmed that GABABR1 expression was regulated by galectin-3. HAD-B induced galectin-3-independent down-regulation of GABABR1, which resulted in a decreased proliferation of human colon cancer cells. The therapeutic effect of HAD-B for the treatment of human colon cancer needs to be further validated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Hee Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Kyun Kwon
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chong-Kwan Cho
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yeon-Weol Lee
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - So-Hyun Lee
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sang-Geun Jang
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea ; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byong-Chul Yoo
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Hwa-Seong Yoo
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
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Hwang JW, Baek YM, Jang IS, Yang KE, Lee DG, Yoon SJ, Rho J, Cho CK, Lee YW, Kwon KR, Yoo HS, Sung JS, Kim S, Park JW, Jang BC, Choi JS. An enzymatically fortified ginseng extract inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of KATO3 human gastric cancer cells via modulation of Bax, mTOR, PKB and IκBα. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:670-6. [PMID: 25333578 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulative evidence suggests ginseng extract and/or its major components, ginsenosides and compound K, a metabolized ginseng saponin, have anti-cancer effects. In the present study, the effects of a ginseng butanolic extract (GBX) and an enzymatically fortified ginseng extract (FGX), with enriched ginsenosides and compound K, on the growth of KATO3 human gastric cancer cells were investigated using a cell viability assay. While treatment with GBX at 31.25-125 mg/ml for 24 h did not affect the proliferation of KATO3 cells, FGX under the same conditions inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, Annexin V/PI-staining and flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the population of apoptotic KATO3 cells was increased following treatment with FGX, which was greater than in the GBX-treated cells, suggesting that FGX had a stronger apoptotic effect than GBX. To investigate the underlying mechanism of the cytostatic and cytotoxic effects of the ginseng extracts, apoptosis-associated proteins were assessed using western blot analysis. The data revealed higher expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein (Bax), lower expression of nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor α (IκBα) and reduced phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and protein kinase B (PKB) in the FGX-treated KATO3 cells than in the GBX-treated cells. Collectively, these results demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that FGX had stronger anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects on KATO3 cells than GBX. The anti-proliferative and/or pro-apoptotic effects of FGX appeared to be mediated via the upregulation of Bax, IκBα proteolysis (activation of nuclear factor-κB) and the blocking of mTOR and PKB signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Won Hwang
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305‑333, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Baek
- East‑West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302‑120, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Soon Jang
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305‑333, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Eun Yang
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305‑333, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Gi Lee
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305‑333, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Jung Yoon
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305‑764, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaerang Rho
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305‑764, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Kwan Cho
- East‑West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302‑120, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Weol Lee
- East‑West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302‑120, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Rok Kwon
- Research Center of Pharmacopucture Medicine, Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute, Seoul 157‑200, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- East‑West Cancer Center, Daejeon University, Daejeon 302‑120, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Suk Sung
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University Seoul, Seoul 100‑715, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Kim
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 704‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Wook Park
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 704‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Churl Jang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 704‑701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Soon Choi
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305‑333, Republic of Korea
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Yim WJ, Kim KY, Lee YW, Sundaram SP, Lee Y, Sa TM. Real time expression of ACC oxidase and PR-protein genes mediated by Methylobacterium spp. in tomato plants challenged with Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria. J Plant Physiol 2014; 171:1064-75. [PMID: 24974333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Biotic stress like pathogenic infection increases ethylene biosynthesis in plants and ethylene inhibitors are known to alleviate the severity of plant disease incidence. This study aimed to reduce the bacterial spot disease incidence in tomato plants caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (XCV) by modulating stress ethylene with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity of Methylobacterium strains. Under greenhouse condition, Methylobacterium strains inoculated and pathogen challenged tomato plants had low ethylene emission compared to pathogen infected ones. ACC accumulation and ACC oxidase (ACO) activity with ACO related gene expression increased in XCV infected tomato plants over Methylobacterium strains inoculated plants. Among the Methylobacterium spp., CBMB12 resulted lowest ACO related gene expression (1.46 Normalized Fold Expression), whereas CBMB20 had high gene expression (3.42 Normalized Fold Expression) in pathogen challenged tomato. But a significant increase in ACO gene expression (7.09 Normalized Fold Expression) was observed in the bacterial pathogen infected plants. In contrast, Methylobacterium strains enhanced β-1,3-glucanase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme activities in pathogen challenged tomato plants. The respective increase in β-1,3-glucanase related gene expressions due to CBMB12, CBMB15, and CBMB20 strains were 66.3, 25.5 and 10.4% higher over pathogen infected plants. Similarly, PAL gene expression was high with 0.67 and 0.30 Normalized Fold Expression, in pathogen challenged tomato plants inoculated with CBMB12 and CBMB15 strains. The results suggest that ethylene is a crucial factor in bacterial spot disease incidence and that methylobacteria with ACC deaminase activity can reduce the disease severity with ultimate pathogenesis-related protein increase in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Yim
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
| | - K Y Kim
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
| | - Y W Lee
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
| | - S P Sundaram
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
| | - Y Lee
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea
| | - T M Sa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk 361-763, South Korea.
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Kim KH, Choi I, Lee YW, Cho CK, Yoo HS, Lee SB, Ho Choi S, Kwon KR, Jang JH. Target genes involved in antiproliferative effect of modified ginseng extracts in lung cancer A549 cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:441-9. [PMID: 24742432 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Panax ginseng has long been used to treat cancer and other diseases worldwide. Most of the pharmacological actions of ginseng are attributed to a variety of ginsenosides, which are often metabolized by intestinal bacteria into more effective forms. In this study, we found that the antiproliferative activity of ginseng was increased after enzymatic processing of ginseng saponin (50% inhibitory concentration, >70 μg/ml). To elucidate the mechanism by which modified ginseng extract (MGX) induced cell death in human lung cancer cells, the gene expression profiles of A549 cells regulated by MGX were assayed using Agilent PrimeView Human Gene Expression Arrays. The expression of 17 genes involved in the regulation of cell signaling, cell metabolism, transport, and cytoskeleton-regulation was up-regulated, whereas the expression of 16 genes implicated in invasion and metastasis and cellular metabolism was down-regulated in MGX-treated A549 cells. Moreover, nuclear staining with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole revealed that MGX clearly caused nuclear condensation and fragmentation which are observed in apoptosis cell. These results elucidate crucial anticancer mechanisms of MGX and provide potential new targets for the assessment of anticancer activity of MGX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-Hong Kim
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-122, Korea
| | - Ilsan Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 400-712, Korea
| | - Yeon-Weol Lee
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-122, Korea
| | - Chong-Kwan Cho
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-122, Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-122, Korea
| | - Seung-Bae Lee
- Division of Animal Resources and Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju 220-702, Korea
| | - Suk Ho Choi
- Division of Animal Resources and Life Science, Sangji University, Wonju 220-702, Korea
| | - Ki-Rok Kwon
- Research Center of Pharmacopuncture Medicine, Korean Pharmacopuncture Institute, Seoul 157-801, Korea
| | - Jun-Hyeog Jang
- Department of Biochemistry, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 400-712, Korea
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Abstract
Erdheim-Chester disease is a rare non-Langerhans form of systemic histiocytosis of unknown origin. We describe a 45-year-old man presenting with bilateral hydronephrosis suggestive of extrinsic urinary tract obstruction. Computed tomography revealed extensive hypodense soft tissue infiltration in the retroperitoneum surrounding the kidneys. Needle biopsy of the retroperitoneal soft tissue revealed aggregates of lipid-laden histiocytes expressing CD68 but negative for CD1a and S100 protein. The diagnosis of Erdheim-Chester disease was supported by typical radionuclide bone scinitigraphic findings. Treatment with prednisolone, sirolimus, and regular ureteric stent revision was initiated to achieve adequate urinary tract drainage. To our knowledge, this is the second patient with Erdheim-Chester disease reported in Hong Kong. A high index of suspicion is required to avoid delay in the diagnosis of this rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H L Tsu
- Department of Surgery, Caritas Medical Centre, 111 Wing Hong Street, Shamshuipo, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Abstract
In May 2012, a stem canker was observed on a ~20-year-old giant dogwood (Cornus controversa) in Suwon, Gyeonggi Province, South Korea, which consisted of necrotic lesions on stem bark with orange sporodochial fruiting bodies. A single fungal colony was obtained from hyphal tips that were grown out of affected tissues plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) acidified with 0.1% lactic acid after surface sterilization with 1.0% NaOCl for 30 s and 70% ethanol for 30 s, and incubated at 25°C for 7 days in the dark. The fungal isolate was grown on PDA and carnation leaf agar (CLA) to examine its mycological characteristics. The fungal colonies grown on PDA at 25°C for 7 days had diameters of 31 to 36 mm, with the colony surface sparsely cottony or with little or no aerial mycelium, very pale brown to pink, becoming progressively lighter toward the center; the colony reverse was pinkish-white to reddish-yellow, producing very few hyaline microconidia that were ellipsoidal, mostly 1-celled, and 15.4 to 22.8 × 4.1 to 4.8 μm. It produced hyaline macroconidia that were slightly curved, frequently 3 septate, a hooked or beaked apical cell and a foot-shaped or notched basal cell, 28.0 to 35.5 × 4.0 to 5.5 μm, borne on pink sporodochia. On CLA, the colony surface was lighter toward the center with no or sparse aerial mycelium, growing to 33 to 43 mm diameter at 25°C for 7 days. Microconidia were ellipsoidal, mostly 1-celled, and 9.2 to 17.5 × 2 to 2.5 μm on CLA. Macroconidia were produced on pink sporodochia near or on carnation leaf pieces, falcate to almost straight or slightly curved, frequently 5 to 7 septate, with a hooked or beaked apical cell and a foot-shaped or notched basal cell, and 45.5 to 59 × 5.5 to 6.5 μm. Chlamydospores were rare or absent. Based on these morphological characters, the isolate was identified as Fusarium lateritium (1,2). Sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA region of the fungus (GenBank Accession No. KC453998) amplified using primers ITS1/ITS4 had 100% sequence identity to F. lateritium (JN198452). The DNA sequences of translation elongation factor-1α (EF-1α) amplified using primers EF1/EF2 (KC453997) also had 100% sequence identity to F. lateritium (AY707172 and AY707156). The culture was deposited in the Korean Collection for Type Cultures (KCTC 46029). Pathogenicity tests were conducted using 1-year-old giant dogwood seedlings grown for 3 weeks before inoculation in a 1:1:1 mixture of peat moss, perlite, and sand in 10" × 10" × 12" plastic pots. The stems of three seedlings were inoculated with the mycelial plugs from the edge of the fungal culture on PDA grown at 25°C for 7 days, which were placed on three barkless cuts per stem and sealed with Parafilm that was removed 3 weeks later. Canker symptoms on the inoculated seedlings developed after 30 days of incubation at 25 to 32°C and relative humidity of 50 to 60% in a glasshouse, from which the same fungus was isolated. Non-inoculated control seedlings showed no canker development. To our knowledge, this is the first report of stem canker on giant dogwood caused by F. lateritium in Korea and also the family Cornaceae as new host for the fungus. References: (1) D. M. Geiser et al. Mycologia 97:191, 2005. (2) J. F. Leslie and B. A. Summerall. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell Publishing. Ames, Iowa, 2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Y W Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Y H Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
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Jung JW, Lee YW, Choe YB, Ahn KJ. An 8-week face-split study to evaluate the efficacy of cosmeceuticals using non-invasive bioengineering devices. Skin Res Technol 2013; 19:324-9. [PMID: 23480308 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Even with the increasing demand for functional cosmeceuticals in the recent years, objective standard criteria for assessing their efficacy are currently incomplete at best. In this 8-week face-split study, in which we topically applied high-priced cosmeceuticals on one side and more affordable cosmeceuticals on the other side of the face, we compared the efficacy of these two products using non-invasive bioengineering technology. METHODS We assessed the efficacy of a skin-whitening and an anti-wrinkle cosmeceutical product on 25 and 19 healthy female volunteers, respectively. In a single blind split setting, each participant received an 8-week topical application of high-priced cosmeceuticals to the left side of the face, and cheaper cosmeceuticals to the right side. Then, the subjects' biophysical parameters were measured for an objective evaluation of the results. This was followed by a questionnaire to obtain a subjective assessment. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the change between the high-priced cosmeceuticals and the more affordable cosmeceuticals. At each measured site, there were variable changes including skin improvement and aggravation at the end of study. The subjective questionnaire demonstrated also that the participants perceived no difference in the efficacy between the two products. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that there were no significant differences in the skin biophysical parameters following the application with high-priced functional cosmeceuticals or less expensive cosmeceuticals. The subject failed to differentiate between the two products. The development of objective standard criteria for assessing its efficacy is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Jung
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 143-729, Korea
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Lui PPY, Lee YW, Mok TY, Cheuk YC, Chan KM, Chan KM. Alendronate reduced peri-tunnel bone loss and enhanced tendon graft to bone tunnel healing in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Eur Cell Mater 2013; 25:78-96. [PMID: 23325540 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v025a06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Peri-tunnel bone loss after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is commonly observed, both clinically and experimentally. We aimed to study the effect and mechanisms of different doses of alendronate in the reduction of peri-tunnel bone loss and promotion of graft-bone tunnel healing in ACL reconstruction. Eighty-four ACL-reconstructed rats were divided into 4 groups. Alendronate at different dosages, or saline, were injected subcutaneously weekly, for 2 or 6 weeks post-reconstruction, for vivaCT (computed tomography) imaging, biomechanical tests, histology and immunohistochemistry. Alendronate significantly increased bone mass and density of tissue inside bone tunnels except at the epiphyseal region of tibial tunnel. The femoral tunnel diameter decreased significantly in the mid-dose and high-dose alendronate groups compared to that in the saline group at week 6. Alendronate significantly increased the peri-tunnel bone mass and density along all tunnel regions at week 6. Better graft-bone tunnel integration and intra-tunnel graft integrity were observed in the alendronate groups. The ultimate load was significantly higher in the mid-dose and high-dose alendronate groups at week 2, but not at week 6. There was a reduction in matrix metalloprotein (MMP)1, MMP13 and CD68-positive cells at the peri-tunnel region and graft-bone interface in the alendronate-treated group compared to the saline group. Alendronate reduced peri-tunnel bone resorption, increased mineralised tissue inside bone tunnel as well as histologically and biomechanically promoted graft-bone tunnel healing, probably by reducing the expression of MMP1, MMP13 and CD68-positive cells. Alendronate might be used for reducing peri-tunnel bone loss and promoting graft-bone tunnel healing at early stage post-ACL reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Y Lui
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Lee YW, Yang EA, Kang HJ, Yang X, Mitsuiki N, Ohara O, Miyawaki T, Kanegane H, Lee JH. Novel mutation of IL2RG gene in a Korean boy with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2013; 23:65-67. [PMID: 23653982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y W Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Yu T, Moh SH, Kim SB, Yang Y, Kim E, Lee YW, Cho CK, Kim KH, Yoo BC, Cho JY, Yoo HS. HangAmDan-B, an ethnomedicinal herbal mixture, suppresses inflammatory responses by inhibiting Syk/NF-κB and JNK/ATF-2 pathways. J Med Food 2012; 16:56-65. [PMID: 23256447 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.2374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
HangAmDan-B (HAD-B) is a powdered mixture of eight ethnopharmacologically characterized folk medicines that is prescribed for solid masses and cancers in Korea. In view of the finding that macrophage-mediated inflammation is a pathophysiologically important phenomenon, we investigated whether HAD-B modulates inflammatory responses and explored the associated molecular mechanisms. The immunomodulatory activity of HAD-B in toll-like receptor-activated macrophages induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was assessed by measuring nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) levels. To identify the specific transcription factors (such as nuclear factor [NF]-κB and signaling enzymes) targeted by HAD-B, biochemical approaches, including kinase assays and immunoblot analysis, were additionally employed. HAD-B suppressed the production of PGE(2) and NO in LPS-activated macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the extract ameliorated HCl/EtOH-induced gastritis symptoms. Moreover, HAD-B significantly inhibited LPS-induced mRNA expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Interestingly, marked inhibition of NF-κB and activating transcription factor was observed in the presence of HAD-B. Data from direct kinase assays and immunoblot analysis showed that HAD-B suppresses activation of the upstream signaling cascade involving spleen tyrosine kinase, Src, p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1. Finally, kaempferol, but not quercetin or resveratrol was identified as a bioactive compound in HAD-B. Therefore, our results suggest that HAD-B possesses anti-inflammatory activity that contributes to its anticancer property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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Abstract
Alcaligenes latus, a growth-associated PHB producer, was cultivated by a pH-stat modal fed-batch culture technique to attain high PHB productivity. Both sucrose solution and inorganic medium were fed in conjunction with the supply of ammonia solution which serves as a nitrogen source and as a means of pH control. Compositions of the inorganic medium were formulated by elemental analysis of A. latus cell mass. The effect on inoculum size was examined to reduce culture time. High concentrations of cell (142 g/L) and PHB (68.4 g/L) were obtained in a short culture time (18 h) with an inoculum size of 13.7 g/L. The PHB content and the PHB productivity at the end of the fed-batch culture were 50% of dry cell weight and 4.0 g PHB/(L . h), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yamane
- Laboratory of Molecular Biotechnology, Department of Applied Biological Sciences, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464, Japan
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Seo JA, Kim JC, Lee DH, Lee YW. Variation in 8-ketotrichothecenes and zearalenone production by Fusarium graminearum isolates from corn and barley in Korea. Mycopathologia 2012; 134:31-7. [PMID: 20882466 DOI: 10.1007/bf00437050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/1996] [Accepted: 02/20/1996] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A total of 214 Fusarium graminearum isolates were obtained from corn and barley which were collected from Kangwon province and the southern part of Korea, respectively, and were tested for 8-ketotrichothecenes and zearalenone (ZEA) production on rice grains. The incidences of trichothecene production by 105 isolates of F. graminearum from corn were 59.0% for deoxynivalenol (DON), 37.1% for 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol(15-ADON), 13.3% for 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-ADON), 7.6% for 3,15-diacetyldeoxynivalenol (3,15-DADON), 20.0% for nivalenol (NIV), 6.7% for 4-acetylnivalenol (4-ANIV), and 1.0% for 4,15-diacetylnivalenol (4,15-DANIV). DON chemotypes frequently produced 15-ADON as the major isomer rather than 3-ADON and 9 of the 61 DON chemotypes produced low levels of NIV. On the other hand, the incidences of trichothecene production of 109 isolates by F. graminearum from barley were 24.8% for DON, 72.5% for NIV, 62.4% for 4-ANIV, and 10.1% for 4,15-DANIV. Of these isolates, 78 were NIV chemotypes and only one isolate produced DON and 3-ADON as major toxins. In addition, 26 of the 78 NIV chemotypes produced low levels of DON. ZEA was frequently produced by the trichothecene-producing isolates and the incidences of ZEA were 51.4% and 31.2% for the isolates from corn and barley, respectively. There was a great regional difference in trichothecene production by F. graminearum isolates between corn- and barley-producing areas in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Seo
- Department of Agricultural Biology and Research Center for New Biomaterials in Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, 441-744, Suwon, Korea
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Hwang JW, Oh JH, Yoo HS, Lee YW, Cho CK, Kwon KR, Yoon JH, Park J, Her S, Lee ZW, Jang IS, Choi JS. Mountain ginseng extract exhibits anti-lung cancer activity by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Am J Chin Med 2012; 40:187-202. [PMID: 22298458 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x12500152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Administration of mountain ginseng (MG) extract can restore advanced cancer to a normal state. To elucidate the mechanism by which MG extract prevents the progression of lung cancer, the processes of proliferation and death of lung cancer cells (A549) were examined after treatment with MG extract. Butanol-extracted MG (BX-MG) showed a high inhibitory effect (IC(50) = 2 mg/ml) by attenuating proliferation and inducing apoptosis in lung cancer cells. By HPLC-UV analysis of BX-MG, ginsenosides, Rb1 was identified as the most abundant ginsenoside, followed by Rg1, Re, Rc and Rb2. BX-MG induced caspase-3 dependent apoptosis by inhibiting NF-κB. In addition, BX-MG activated p53 and p21, resulting in the attenuated proliferation of A549 cells. Reduced activity of the NF-κB promoter and increased activity of the p53 promoter indicate that BX-MG regulates apoptosis at the level of transcription in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, BX-MG blocked the nuclear translocation of RelA and the associated reduction in surviving. These results suggest that BX-MG inhibits lung cancer cell growth by activating tumor suppressors and inhibiting nuclear translocation of NF-κB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Won Hwang
- Division of Life Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwahangno 169-148, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Yoon J, Jeon JH, Lee YW, Cho CK, Kwon KR, Shin JE, Sagar S, Wong R, Yoo HS. Sweet bee venom pharmacopuncture for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2012; 5:156-65. [PMID: 22898064 DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is sensory and motor nerve damage to the peripheral nervous system caused by chemotherapeutic agents. It often causes pain and other varying degrees of neuropathic symptoms accompanied by functional limitations and reduced quality of life. Currently, there is no standard treatment protocol for the treatment of CIPN. OBJECTIVE In need of more research to develop new therapeutic options focusing on their safety, efficacy, and long-term sustained clinical effects, a pilot study of sweet bee venom pharmacopuncture (SBVP) for CIPN was conducted to build up preliminary efficacy data in the process of preparing for a future larger scale randomized controlled SBVP trial for CIPN. METHODS We conducted a prospective case series by analyzing the clinical observations made of CIPN patients treated with SBVP. A total of 11 eligible consecutive CIPN patients who visited East-West Cancer Center from June 1, 2010, to February 28, 2011, were treated with total of six SBVP treatments given within the 3-week period. The outcomes were measured using World Health Organization Common Toxicity Criteria for Peripheral neuropathy (WHO grading system), Patient Neurotoxicity Questionnaire (PNQ), Visual Analogue System (VAS), and Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) collected at the baseline, post-second, fourth, and the final treatment. Patients were followed 3 weeks into no intervention to determine the sustained effects of pharmacopuncture. RESULTS Both of the WHO CIPN grade and PNQ scores have shown a decrease in the level of neuropathy. VAS pain level has also shown a great decrease and improvement in patients' quality of life have also been detected though modest. Changes in WHO grade, VAS and Total HRQOL scores between the baseline and after the last treatment session were significant. Changes in WHO grade, Total PNQ, PNQ-sensory, VAS, Total HRQOL, and HRQOL-functional scores between the baseline and the 3-week follow-up were significant. CONCLUSION The positive result of the study supports the potential value of conducting a fully powered trial to explore further efficacy of SBVP for CIPN. However a single positive result within this pilot study must be interpreted with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeungwon Yoon
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
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Bang SH, Yoon JW, Cho CK, Shin JE, Lee YW, Yoo HS. A Case Series of Survival Outcomes in Patients with Advanced-stage IIIb/IV Non-small-cell Lung Cancer Treated with HangAm-Plus. J Pharmacopuncture 2012; 15:31-5. [PMID: 25780640 PMCID: PMC4331932 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2012.15.2.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents approximately 80% of all lung cancers. Unfortunately, at their time of diagnosis, most patients have advanced to unresectable disease with a very poor prognosis. The oriental herbal medicine HangAm-Plus(HAP) has been developed for antitumor purposes, and several previous studies have reported its therapeutic effects. In this study, the efficacy of HAP was evaluated as a third-line treatment for advanced-stage IIIb/IV NSCLC. METHODS The study involved six patients treated at the East- West Cancer Center (EWCC) from April 2010 to October 2011. Inoperable advanced-stage IIIb/IV NSCLC patients received 3,000 or 6,000 mg of HAP on a daily basis over a 12-week period. Computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained from the patients at the time of the initial administration and after 12 weeks of treatment. We observed and analyzed the patients overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS Of the six patients, three expired during the study, and the three remaining patients were alive as of October 31, 2011. The OS ranged from 234 to 512 days, with a median survival of 397 days and a one-year survival rate of 66.7%. In the 12-week-interval chest CT assessment, three patients showed stable disease (SD), and the other three showed progressive disease (PD). The PFS of patients ranged from 88 to 512 days, the median PFS being 96 days. Longer OS and PFS were correlated with SD. Although not directly comparable, the OS and the PFS of this study were greater than those of the docetaxel or the best supportive care group in other studies. CONCLUSION HAP may prolong the OS and the PFS of inoperable stage IIIb/IV NSCLC patients without significant adverse effects. In the future, more controlled clinical trials with larger samples from multi-centers should be conducted to evaluate the efficacy and the safety of HAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hwi Bang
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeung-Won Yoon
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chong-Kwan Cho
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Shin
- Department of Statistics, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yeon-Weol Lee
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
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Park JW, Yoon J, Cho CK, Lee YW, Yoo HS. Survival analysis of stage IV metastatic gastric cancer patients treated with HangAm-Plus. Chin J Integr Med 2012; 20:49-55. [PMID: 22610951 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-012-1084-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of HangAm-Plus (HAP) on stage IV metastatic gastric cancer by analyzing the treated patients' overall survival outcome. METHODS Following the study eligibility, overall survival and one year survival rate of 44 stage IV metastatic gastric cancer patients who visited East-West Cancer Center (EWCC) were analyzed. The study consisted of two arms: HAP treatment only (n=18) and combined treatment of concurrent conventional chemotherapy and HAP (n=26). Patient characteristics by gender, age, surgical intervention, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score, treatment duration (< 4 weeks or [Symbol: see text]4 weeks), and lines of the chemotherapy received were assessed. Treatment related side effects were also assessed. RESULTS The median survival of combined group was longer (10.0 months) than that of HAP group (5.1 months). One-year survival rate of combined treatment group and HAP group was 38.5%±9.5% and 33.3%±11.1%, respectively (P>0.05). One-year survival rate of those received more and less than 4-week treatment was 57.1%±18.7% and 8.3%±8.0%, respectively (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS The study supports the safety and potential efficacy of HAP treatment in prevention of chemo-related side effects for stage IV metastatic gastric cancer treated with conventional chemotherapy. Further studies are needed to investigate and confirm the results before applying the treatment in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Woo Park
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, 1136 Dunsandong Seogu Daejeon, 302-122, Soul, Korea
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Hwang JW, Baek YM, Yang KE, Yoo HS, Cho CK, Lee YW, Park J, Eom CY, Lee ZW, Choi JS, Jang IS. Lactobacillus casei extract induces apoptosis in gastric cancer by inhibiting NF-κB and mTOR-mediated signaling. Integr Cancer Ther 2012; 12:165-73. [PMID: 22505595 DOI: 10.1177/1534735412442380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus casei extract (LBX) has been reported to prevent gastric cancer, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The proliferation and cell death of gastric cancer KATO3 cells were examined after treatment with LBX for various times and at various doses. LBX inhibited the growth of gastric cancer cells and induced apoptosis by inactivating NF-κB promoter activity. Apoptosis induced by LBX, however, is not directly associated with the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. Immunoblot analysis revealed that LBX decreased the expressions of NF-κB and IκB. The reduced NF-κB levels led to the decreased phosphorylation of mTOR signaling components, such as PI3K, Akt, and (p70)S6 kinase. These results showed for the first time that LBX induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells by inhibiting NF-κB and mTOR-mediated signaling.
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Park JS, Shin DY, Lee YW, Cho CK, Kim GY, Kim WJ, Yoo HS, Choi YH. Apoptotic and anti-metastatic effects of the whole skin of Venenum bufonis in A549 human lung cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2011; 40:1210-9. [PMID: 22200726 PMCID: PMC3584623 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2011.1310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of the whole skin of Venenum bufonis on apoptotic and anti-invasive activity in A549 human lung cancer cells were investigated. Treatment with extract of the whole skin of V. bufonis (SVB) resulted in a significant decrease in cell growth of A549 cells, depending on dosage, which was associated with apoptosis induction, as proved by chromatin condensation and accumulation of apoptotic fraction. SVB treatment induced expression of death receptor-related proteins, such as death receptor 4, which further triggered activation of caspase-8 and cleavage of Bid. In addition, the increase in apoptosis by SVB treatment was correlated with dysfunction of mitochondria, activation of caspase-9 and -3, downregulation of IAP family proteins, such as XIAP, cIAP-1 and cIAP-2, and concomitant degradation of activated caspase-3-specific target proteins, such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and β-catenin proteins. However, z-DEVD-fmk, a caspase-3-specific inhibitor, blocked SVB-induced apoptosis and increased the survival rate of SVB-treated cells, indicating that activation of caspase-3 plays a key role in SVB-induced apoptosis. In addition, within concentrations that were not cytotoxic to A549 cells, SVB induced marked inhibition of cell motility and invasiveness. Activities of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in AGS cells were dose-dependently inhibited by treatment with SVB, and this was also correlated with a decrease in expression of their mRNA and proteins, and upregulation of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 mRNA expression. Further studies are needed; however, the results indicated that SVB induces apoptosis of A549 cells through a signaling cascade of death receptor-mediated extrinsic as well as mitochondria-mediated intrinsic caspase pathways. Our data also demonstrated that MMPs are critical targets of SVB-induced anti-invasiveness in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Seok Park
- Department of East-West Cancer Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon 301-724, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Immunological changes in elite adolescent female athletes during Taekwondo competitions were investigated on-field. 6 female athletes (16.7 ± 0.8 year-old) volunteered and performed 5 bouts of demonstration Taekwondo competitions simulating real tournaments in intensity, duration, and break-time intervals on the same day. Blood samples were taken before, after the competitions and during the recovery, respectively. Immunological changes and oxidative stress in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were evaluated by flow-cytometry. During the competitions, exercise intensity was 92.2 ± 3.8% (86.1~95.7) of the maximal heart rate. Blood lactate increased immediately after the competitions (p=0.0165) and decreased to baseline during recovery. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the peripheral blood increased continuously during recovery (p<0.05, respectively). Natural killer cells increased immediately after the competitions (p=0.0006), and decreased during recovery. B and T cells increased immediately after the competitions and remained elevated throughout recovery (p<0.05, respectively). CD4/CD8 ratio after the competitions was decreased (p=0.0091) and returned to baseline during recovery. These results suggest that the immunological function of the elite female adolescent athletes could be attenuated after Taekwondo competitions. Further large-scaled Taekwondo studies on immunologic and apoptotic changes related to oxidative stress should be performed for improving and protecting the health of adolescent athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Lee
- Division of Allergy-Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Yoo HS, Lee HJ, Kim JS, Yoon J, Lee GH, Lee YW, Cho CK. A toxicological study of HangAmDan-B in mice. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2011; 4:54-60. [PMID: 21440880 DOI: 10.1016/s2005-2901(11)60007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to define the toxicity of HangAmDan-B (HAD-B) in mice over the short and long term. HAD-B was studied in 1-week single and 5-week repeated oral dose toxicity tests on male Imprinting Control Region mice. Doses used in 1 week single oral dose toxicity tests were 0, 0.2, 1, 5, and 25 g/kg/day and those of repeated toxicity test were 0, 0.04, 0.2, 1, and 2 g/kg/day. Blood and urine samples were assayed and their morphology observed. Numerical data were compared using Mann-Whitney U test and analysis of variance. Significantly decreased red blood cell levels in mice from S2-HAD-B, S3-HAD-B, S4-HAD-B, and S5-HAD-B groups were observed in single oral dose toxicity tests. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, and mean cell hemoglobin values in mice from the S4-HAD-B and S5-HAD-B groups were also significantly decreased. No mortalities or significant differences in all factors were observed during the dosing period of the repeated dose toxicity test. Administering 2 g/kg/day of HAD-B in mice over a 5-week period showed no significant hematological changes. However, risk of anemia with more than 5 g/kg/ day administration of HAD-B was found. In general, HAD-B appears to be safe and nontoxic, and a no observed adverse effect level in mice was established at 2 g/kg/ day. This data serves as satisfactory preclinical evidence for the safety of HAD-B should a future clinical trial for HAD-B be launched. Further studies are required to confirm these safety results and to carry out a safety trial in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa-Seung Yoo
- East-West Cancer Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea.
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Choi YJ, Shin DY, Lee YW, Cho CK, Kim GY, Kim WJ, Yoo HS, Choi YH. Inhibition of cell motility and invasion by HangAmDan-B in NCI-H460 human non-small cell lung cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2011; 26:1601-8. [PMID: 21879260 DOI: 10.3892/or.2011.1440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Correlation between inhibition of cell motility and anti-invasive activity by the water extract of HangAmDan-B (HAD-B), a crude extract of eight Korean medicinal animals and plants, in NCI-H460 human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells was investigated. Within the concentrations that were not cytotoxic, HAD-B induced significant concentration-dependent inhibition of cell motility and invasiveness of NCI-H460 cells. Treatment with HAD-B resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of the activities of matrix metallo-proteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, and this was correlated with a decrease in expression of their mRNA and proteins, and upregulation of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 expression. Anti-invasive activity of HAD-B was also found to be associated with increased tightness of the tight junction (TJ), as demonstrated by an increase in transepithelial electrical resistance. In addition, the present results indicated that treatment with HAD-B resulted in repression of the levels of claudin family members, which are major components of TJs that play a key role in control and selectivity of para-cellular transport. Although further studies are needed, findings from the present study indicate that TJs and MMPs are critical targets of HAD-B-induced anti-invasiveness in NCI-H460 NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jun Choi
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Medical Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon 301-724, Republic of Korea
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Park JW, Jeon JH, Yoon J, Jung TY, Kwon KR, Cho CK, Lee YW, Sagar S, Wong R, Yoo HS. Effects of sweet bee venom pharmacopuncture treatment for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: a case series. Integr Cancer Ther 2011; 11:166-71. [PMID: 21715371 DOI: 10.1177/1534735411413265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This is a case series reporting safety and degree of response to 1 dose level of sweet bee venom pharmacopuncture (SBVP) or melittin as a symptom-control therapy for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). SETTING All treatments were conducted at the East West Cancer Center (EWCC), Dunsan Oriental Hospital, Daejeon University, Republic of Korea, an institution that uses complementary therapies for cancer patients. METHODS Five consecutive patients with CIPN were referred to the EWCC from March 20, 2010, to April 10, 2010. Patients with World Health Organization Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (WHO CIPN) grade 2 or more were treated with SBVP for 3 treatment sessions over a 1-week period. Measures of efficacy and safety. Validated Visual Analog System (VAS) pain scale, WHO CIPN grade, and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G) were compared before and after the 1-week course of treatment. To ensure the safety of SBVP, pretreatment skin response tests were given to patients to avoid any potential anaphylactic adverse effects. All patients were closely examined for any allergenic responses following each treatment session. RESULTS One patient discontinued treatment after the first session, and 4 patients completed all treatment sessions. Using each patient as their own comparator, marked improvements of VAS, WHO CIPN grade, and physical section scores of FACT-G were seen in 3 patients. Most important, there were no related adverse side effects found. CONCLUSION This safety results of the SBVP therapy merits further investigations in a larger size trial for it to develop into a potential intervention for managing CIPN symptoms. This study will be extended to a dose-response evaluation to further establish safety and response, prior to a randomized trial.
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Jung WW, Kim SC, Jung SW, Moon IY, Kumar K, Lee YW, Kim SY, Ju MK, Han SK, Yi J. Optimization of selective emitter fabrication method for solar cells using a laser grooving. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2011; 11:4373-4377. [PMID: 21780460 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2011.3711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, screen-printing laser grooved buried contact (LGBC) method was applied, which is compatible with the existing screen-printed solar cell equipment and facilities. Experiments were performed in order to optimize short circuit current (I(sc)), open circuit voltage (V(oc)) and fill factor of high efficiency solar cells. To enhance I(sc), V(oc) and efficiency, heavy doping was performed at low sheet resistance in the laser grooved region of the cell. In contrast, light doping was carried out at a high sheet resistance in the non-laser grooved region. To increase fill factor, porous silicon found on the wafer after dipping in an HF solution to remove SiN(x), was cleared. The fabricated screen-printing LGBC solar cell using a 125 mm x 125 mm single crystalline silicon wafer exhibited an efficiency of 17.2%. The results show that screen-printing LGBC method can be applied for high efficiency solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Jung
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 300 Cheoncheon-dong, Jangan-gu, Suwon 440-746, Korea
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Bang JY, Kim KS, Kim EY, Yoo HS, Lee YW, Cho CK, Choi Y, Jeong HJ, Kang IC. Anti-angiogenic effects of the water extract of HangAmDan (WEHAD), a Korean traditional medicine. Sci China Life Sci 2011; 54:248-54. [PMID: 21416324 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-011-4144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the anti-angiogenic effects of the water extract of HangAmDan (WEHAD), which is a crude extract of nine Korean medicinal substances of animal and plant origin. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, WEHAD significantly inhibited bFGF-induced proliferation, adhesion, migration, and capillary tube formation. We used an antibody array to perform an analysis of signaling proteins, which showed up-regulated expression of various proteins including RAD51, RAD52, and p73, and down-regulated expression of pFAK. Blood vessel formation in a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) treated with WEHAD was markedly reduced in length compared with a PBS-treated control group. These results suggest that inhibition of angiogenesis by WEHAD may be the mechanism of action for the anti-cancer effects of HAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Bang
- InnoPharmasceen Inc., Hoseo University, Asan, 336-795, Republic of Korea
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Jeong TY, Park BK, Lee YW, Cho CK, Yoo HS. Prospective analysis on survival outcomes of nonsmall cell lung cancer stages over IIIb treated with HangAm-Dan. Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi 2011; 13:1009-15. [PMID: 21081039 PMCID: PMC6000501 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2010.11.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) stages over Ⅲb still remain as an intractable disease. Survival rate of NSCLC stages over Ⅲb could be increased through chemotherapy and radiation, but results are not satisfactory. Oriental medicine herbal formula, HangAm-Dan (HAD) has been developed for anti-tumor purpose and several previous studies have already reported its effects. The aim of this study is to assess HAD's efficacy on prolonging the survival rate of NSCLC stages over Ⅲb. Methods We have administered 3 000 mg of HAD daily to patients. The study included 74 first visit patients of East-West Cancer Center (EWCC) from November 2007 to April 2008, diagnosed with inoperable NSCLC stages over Ⅲb. Among them, 30 patients were in HAD group and 44 patients were in combined group with conventional therapy and HAD. We have observed and analyzed their overall survival. Results Of total 74 patients, overall 1 year, 2 year survival rates and the median survival time were 62.1%, 34.9% and 17.0 months (95%CI: 12.9-21.1). NSCLC stage Ⅲb patients showed higher survival rates than NSCLC stage Ⅳ patients (P=0.408). The 1 year, 2 year survival rates and the median survival time of the combined group were 70.5%, 37.9% and 20.0 months (95%CI: 16.4-24.6). In HAD group, the 1 year, 2 year survival rates and the median survival time were 50.0%, 25.7% and 12.0 months (95%CI: 6.6-17.4). The combined therapy group showed higher survival rates than the HAD group (P=0.034). Each groups treated with HAD for more than 4 weeks showed higher survival rates than those treated for less than 4 weeks, but there was no significant difference (P=0.278). In hazard ratio, the combined therapy group showed lower mortality rate than the HAD group with statistical significance (P=0.040). Conclusion HAD could prolong the survival rate of inoperable NSCLC stages over Ⅲb. HAD is more effective when combined with conventional therapy. In the future, more controlled clinical trials with larger sample in multi-centers are needed to reevaluate the efficacy and safety of HAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Young Jeong
- East-West Cancer Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea.
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Lakxmy AP, Xavier R, Reenajosephine CM, Lee YW, Marimuthu K, Kathiresan S, Sreeramanan S. Mosquitocidal activity of a native Bacillus thuringiensis isolate Bt ReX02 from Gunung Jerai Forest, Malaysia against Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2011; 15:149-155. [PMID: 21434481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To evaluate the mosquito larvicidal potential of the native Bacillus thuringiensis isolate BtReXO2, which was isolated from a tropical rain forest ecosystem in Malaysia. This study also aimed at determining the phenotypic and biochemical characteristics of the isolate. MATERIALS AND METHODS The phenotypic characterization was carried out by growing the isolate in nutrient broth to observe the colonial morphology, vegetative cells, sporulation, motility and haemolytic activity. The parasporal crystal morphology was determined by Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) staining of the sporulated cells and then observed under light microscope. The mosquito larvicidal assay was conducted with the second instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus and Aedes albopictus to determine the entomocidal potency of the isolate. The total protein profile was determined by SDS-PAGE. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Preliminary phenotypic and biochemical characterization showed that the isolate is motile, an indirect indication of the virulence of the strain and exhibited hemolytic activity, an important feature of antidipteran Bacillus thuringiensis strains. Study on the crystal morphology showed the presence of cuboidal crystals, another characteristic feature of a mosquitocidal Bacillus thuringiensis strains. Bioassay with the second instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes albopictus established the antidipteran activity of this native Bacillus thuringiensis isolate. Protein profile analysis revealed the unique pattern showing high molecular mass as well as low molecular mass proteins corresponding to the Cry and Cyt proteins respectively. The protein profile is strikingly different from other mosquitocidal strains such as Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.israelensis and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan Periodical introduction of such native strains of Bacillus thuringiensis will add a new weapon in the armoury to manage the vector borne diseases and also in the management of insect resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Prazanna Lakxmy
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Aimst University, Semeling, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia
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Kim J, Ha HL, Moon HB, Lee YW, Cho CK, Yoo HS, Yu DY. Chemopreventive effect of Curcuma longa Linn on liver pathology in HBx transgenic mice. Integr Cancer Ther 2010; 10:168-77. [PMID: 21190953 DOI: 10.1177/1534735410380613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike other forms of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), HCC induced by hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection shows a poor prognosis after conventional therapies. HBV induces liver cirrhosis and HCC. Many researchers have made efforts to find new substances that suppress the activity of HBV. Curcuma longa Linn (CLL) has been used for traditional medicine and food in Asia, especially in India, and has shown chemopreventive effects in a HBV-related in vitro model. This in vivo study was designed to seek the chemopreventive effects of CLL and its mechanisms. CLL mixture concentrated with dextrose water by boiling was lyophilized. CLL extracts were administrated to HBV X protein (HBx) transgenic mice aged 4 weeks for 2 to 4 weeks and aged 6 months for 3 months. After administration, histological changes in the liver tissue and expression of HBx-related genes were investigated. CLL-treated mice showed less visceral fat, a smaller liver/body weight ratio and delayed liver pathogenesis. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression was also increased in CLL-treated HBx transgenic mice, indicating regeneration of damaged liver tissue. CLL treatment decreased expression of HBx and increased p21 and cyclin D1 in livers of HBx transgenic mice. In addition, p-p53 was increased after CLL treatment. These results suggest that CLL can have beneficial effects on the early and late stages of liver pathogenesis, preventing and delaying liver carcinogenesis. This drug should be considered as a potential chemopreventive agent for HBV-related hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungsun Kim
- Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Park SE, Kim J, Lee YW, Yoo HS, Cho CK. Antitumor activity of water extracts from Cordyceps militaris in NCI-H460 cell xenografted nude mice. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2010; 2:294-300. [PMID: 20633505 DOI: 10.1016/s2005-2901(09)60071-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This experimental study investigated the antitumor effect of Cordyceps militaris in NCI-H406 cell transplanted nude mice. After feeding an aqueous solution of C. militaris extracts in NCI-H460 cell xenografted nude mice for 4 weeks, we measured the size of a tumor mass and calculated the inhibition rate. We also estimated survival time and calculated mean survival time and percent increase in lifespan. Results showed that the inhibition rate of water extract of the 150 mg/kg/day C. militaris-administered group was 94.73-75.08% and that of the 300 mg/kg/day C. militaris-administered group was 85.81-73.81%. The tumor weights and volumes decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Mean survival time of the 150 mg/kg/day C. militaris-administered group was extended to 19.43 +/- 2.44 days and 5.42% increased in lifespan (ILS) and that of the 300 mg/kg/day C. militaris-administered group was 21.86 +/- 3.53 days and 18.61% ILS. The relative liver weight was significantly increased in 300 mg/kg/day C. militaris-administered group, but there was no histopathological difference. In conclusion, C. militaris, shrunk tumors and increased mouse lifespan, suggesting that C. militaris was effective in treating tumors in nude mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Eun Park
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Korea
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Yoo WS, Kim J, Lee YW, Yoon DH, Cho CK, Yoo HS. Toxicity studies on Secretio Bufonis: a traditional supplement in Asia. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2010; 2:159-64. [PMID: 20633488 DOI: 10.1016/s2005-2901(09)60049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was performed to investigate the toxicity of Secretio Bufonis (SB) on male mice and assess its no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL). MATERIALS AND METHODS After feeding an aqueous solution of SB extracts to mice for either 1 or 8 weeks, their blood and urine were assayed and their liver and kidney morphology examined. The numerical data was analyzed by the Mann-Whitney U-test and analysis of variance test. RESULTS Mice administered SB in 50 mg/kg/day for 1 week had higher heart weights and higher aspartate transaminase activities; those administered SB in 0.01 and 0.05 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks had lower creatinine concentrations; and those administered SB in 0.5 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks had higher brain weights and higher blood urea nitrogen. CONCLUSIONS The extracts of SB had cardiac toxicity in the short term and hepatotoxicity in the long term. The NOAEL of the extract was under 5 mg/kg/day for 1 week and under 0.25 mg/kg/day for 8 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Seung Yoo
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, South Korea
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Park ID, Yoo HS, Lee YW, Son CG, Kwon M, Sung HJ, Cho CK. Toxicological study on MUNOPHIL, water extract of Panax ginseng and Hericium erinaceum in rats. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2010; 1:121-7. [PMID: 20633464 DOI: 10.1016/s2005-2901(09)60032-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As data on the safety profile of Panax ginseng and Hericium erinaceum is lacking, the safety of these two compounds was examined in a series of toxicological studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS MUNOPHIL, the water extract mixture of Panax ginseng and Hericium erinaceum was tested in an oral subchronic 28-day toxicity study in rats at doses of 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg/day. RESULTS In repeated dose toxicity studies, no mortality was observed when varying doses of the extracts were administered once daily for a period of 28 days. There were no significant differences in body weight, absolute and relative organ weights between controls and treated rats of both sexes. Hematological analysis showed no differences in most parameters examined. In the biochemistry parameter analysis, no significant change occurred. Pathologically, neither gross abnormalities nor histopathological changes were observed. Therefore, MUNOPHIL appears to be safe and non-toxic in these studies and a no-observed adverse effect level in rats was established at 5000 mg/kg/day. CONCLUSION The data could provide satisfactory preclinical evidence of safety to launch clinical trials on standardized formulation of plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Dong Park
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Hospital of Daejeon University, 1136 Dunsan-dong, Seo-gu, Daejeon, South Korea
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Park HM, Kim SY, Jung IC, Lee YW, Cho CK, Yoo HS. Integrative Tumor Board: A Case Report and Discussion From East-West Cancer Center. Integr Cancer Ther 2010; 9:236-45. [PMID: 20498130 DOI: 10.1177/1534735410371479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. To introduce the application of wheel balance cancer therapy (WBCT) in cancer treatment through an intensive study of a representative patient. Method. A 59-year-old, female patient who was a secondhand smoker and who carried no significant medical and family history was diagnosed with T1N0M1 (stage 4) lung adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry was positive for thyroid transcription factor-1, CK7, cyclin D1, p53, and Ki-67 on both lung biopsy specimens. An open lobectomy with mediastinal nodal dissection followed. The patient was transferred to East-West Cancer Center (EWCC) suffering from exertional dyspnea (NYHA [New York Heart Association] grade 2) with thoracic pain and pain in both upper limbs because of the decreased ventilatory capacity and reduced exercise capacity after a pulmonary resection. She also complained of emotional stress. EWCC provided WBCT, a multimodality alternative protocol based on the theory of traditional oriental medicine. Physicians regularly monitored whether metastasis or recurrence existed through blood and radiation tests. Observations and dialogues with the patient were used to record the changes in symptoms such as thoracic pain, dyspnea, anxiety, and fear. Results . Treatments at EWCC led to a disease-free survival of 28 months without adjuvant chemotherapy. Neither metastasis nor recurrence occurred during this period. Exertional dyspnea recovered to NYHA grade 1. Other physical and psychological symptoms were alleviated. Conclusion. This report suggests that WBCT may have the potential for extending life expectancy, controlling symptoms, and improving quality of life in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Min Park
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Medical Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-122, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Yeon Kim
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Medical Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-122, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chul Jung
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Medical Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-122, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Weol Lee
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Medical Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-122, Republic of Korea
| | - Chong-Kwan Cho
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Medical Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-122, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa-Seung Yoo
- East-West Cancer Center, Dunsan Oriental Medical Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon 302-122, Republic of Korea
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Lee JH, Lee YW, Shin YS, Jung YH, Hong CS, Park JW. Exercise-induced airway obstruction in young asthmatics measured by impulse oscillometry. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2010; 20:575-581. [PMID: 21313998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is a good method for measuring airway resistance. It does not require special breathing skills and it can reflect different aspects of airway obstruction to those revealed by spirometry, which is an effort-dependent maneuver. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the characteristics of airway obstruction in young asthmatics after an exercise bronchial provocation test (EBPT) using IOS. METHODS Forty-seven young adults were enrolled in the study. All the participants underwent a methacholine bronchial provocation test (MBPT) and an EBPT for the evaluation of their asthma. IOS and spirometric parameters were collected at baseline and at 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes post-EBPT.The participants were divided into 2 groups according to MBPT positivity: an airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) group and a no-AHR group. RESULTS There were differences in the percent decrease in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) between the 2 groups at 5, 10, and 20 minutes after exercise. Resistance at 5 Hz (R5) increased in the AHR group but not in the no-AHR group at 5 and 10 minutes after exercise. Integration of reactance from 5 Hz to resonance frequency (area of reactance, AX) was also increased in the AHR group at only 5 and 10 minutes post-EBPT. Delta R5 and delta AX at 5 and 10 minutes post-exercise were well correlated with the percent decrease in FEV1. CONCLUSIONS IOS parameters, especially delta R5 and delta AX, may be useful for performing objective evaluations and improving our understanding of exercise-induced airway obstruction in young asthmatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Lee
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Allergy, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Han SSR, Cho CK, Lee YW, Yoo HS. Antimetastatic and Immunomodulating Effect of Water Extracts From Various Mushrooms. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2009; 2:218-27. [DOI: 10.1016/s2005-2901(09)60058-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 06/26/2009] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Park SC, Yoo HS, Park C, Cho CK, Kim GY, Kim WJ, Lee YW, Choi YH. Induction of apoptosis in human lung carcinoma cells by the water extract of Panax notoginseng is associated with the activation of caspase-3 through downregulation of Akt. Int J Oncol 2009; 35:121-7. [PMID: 19513559 DOI: 10.3892/ijo_00000320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The root of Panax notoginseng is highly valued and commonly used in Oriental medicine. Although recent experimental data have revealed the proapoptotic potency of P. notoginseng extracts, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this apoptotic activity have not yet been studied in detail. In the present study, the effects of the water extract of P. notoginseng (WEPN) on the growth of human lung carcinoma cells were investigated. It was found that the exposure of A549 and NIC-H460 cells to WEPN resulted in growth inhibition and the induction of apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. The WEPN treatment induced the upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax, downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), which was associated with the proteolytic activation of caspases and the concomitant degradation of poly(ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein. However, the caspase-3-specific inhibitor z-DEVD-fmk blocked PARP degradation and increased the survival rate of WEPN-treated cells. Moreover, the activity of Akt was downregulated in WEPN-treated cells and the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt inhibitor LY294002 sensitized the cells to WEPN-induced apoptosis through enhancing the activation of caspase-3 and loss of MMP. The results indicated that the major regulators of WEPN-induced apoptosis in human lung carcinoma cells are the Bcl-2 family and caspase-3, which are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and dephosphorylation of the Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Chan Park
- Department of East-West Cancer Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon 301-724, Korea
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Park SE, Yoo HS, Jin CY, Hong SH, Lee YW, Kim BW, Lee SH, Kim WJ, Cho CK, Choi YH. Induction of apoptosis and inhibition of telomerase activity in human lung carcinoma cells by the water extract of Cordyceps militaris. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:1667-75. [PMID: 19393284 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Revised: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 04/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris is well known as a traditional medicinal mushroom and is a potentially interesting candidate for use in cancer treatment. In this study, the potential of the water extract of C. militaris (WECM) to induce apoptosis in human lung carcinoma A549 cells and its effects on telomerase activity were investigated. The growth inhibition and apoptosis induction by WECM treatment in A549 cells was associated with the induction of Fas, catalytic activation of caspase-8, and Bid cleavage. Activation of caspases, downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression, and upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax protein were also observed in WECM-treated cells. However, the cytotoxic effects and apoptotic characteristics induced by WECM were significantly inhibited by z-DEVD-fmk, a caspase-3 inhibitor, which demonstrates the important role that caspase-3 plays in the process. In addition, WECM exerted a dose-dependent inhibition of telomerase activity via downregulation of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), c-myc and Sp1 expression. Taken together, the data from this study indicate that WECM induces the apoptosis of A549 cells through a signaling cascade of death receptor-mediated extrinsic and mitochondria-mediated intrinsic caspase pathways. It was also conclude that apoptotic events due to WECM were mediated with diminished telomerase activity through the inhibition of hTERT transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Eun Park
- Department of East-West Cancer Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon 301-724, Republic of Korea
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