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Deethae A, Peerapornpisal Y, Pekkoh J, Sangthong P, Tragoolpua Y. Corrigendum: Inhibitory effect of Spirogyra spp. algal extracts against herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 infection. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 126:344-345. [PMID: 30556242 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Deethae
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,The Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Y Peerapornpisal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - J Pekkoh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry, and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - P Sangthong
- Center of Excellence in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry, and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Y Tragoolpua
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry, and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Deethae A, Peerapornpisal Y, Pekkoh J, Sangthong P, Tragoolpua Y. Inhibitory effect of Spirogyra spp. algal extracts against herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 infection. J Appl Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 29532624 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the antiviral activities of Spirogyra spp. algal extracts against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2). METHODS AND RESULTS Spirogyra spp. was extracted using water, ethanol and methanol. Aqueous extract of Spirogyra spp. had the lowest toxicity on Vero cells with the 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC50 ) of 4363·30 μg ml-1 . As for potent inhibitory effect, the ethanolic extract presented the highest inhibition of viral infection on HSV-1 in the treatment during viral attachment on Vero cells with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) and selective index (SI) values of 164·20 and 2·17 μg ml-1 . However, the methanolic extract showed the highest inhibition of HSV-2 when treated during viral attachment with IC50 and SI values of 75·03 and 3·34 μg ml-1 . The methanolic extract of Spirogyra spp. also demonstrated significant virucidal effects on viral particles. Therefore, anti-HSV activity at various stages of the viral multiplication cycle was shown. The main active compounds in the active fractions of Spirogyra spp. ethanolic extract against HSV were found to be alkaloids, essential oils and terpenoids. CONCLUSIONS The highest anti-HSV activity was obtained from the ethanolic extract of Spirogyra spp. The extract inhibited the HSV viral particles and the inhibition was during the viral attachment and the viral multiplication. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Anti-HSV activity of extract of freshwater green macroalga Spirogyra spp. in Thailand was demonstrated. Therefore, anti-HSV product containing the Spirogyra spp. extract should be developed for treatment of HSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Deethae
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,The Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Y Peerapornpisal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - J Pekkoh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry, and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - P Sangthong
- Center of Excellence in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry, and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Y Tragoolpua
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Center of Excellence in Bioresources for Agriculture, Industry, and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Surayot U, Hun Lee J, Kanongnuch C, Peerapornpisal Y, Park W, You S. Structural characterization of sulfated arabinans extracted from Cladophora glomerata Kützing and their macrophage activation. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:972-82. [PMID: 26818722 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1132149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble sulfated heteropolysaccharides were extracted from Cladophora glomerata Kützing and fractionated by ion-exchange chromatography, which yielded two subfractions, F1 and F2. The crude and fractionated polysaccharides (F1 and F2) mostly consisted of carbohydrates (62.8-74.5%) with various amounts of proteins (9.00-17.3%) and sulfates (16.5-23.5%), including different levels of arabinose (41.7-54.4%), galactose (13.5-39.0%), glucose (0.80-10.6%), xylose (6.84-13.4%), and rhamnose (0.20-2.83%). Based on the size exclusion chromatography (SEC) profiles, the crude and fractions mainly contained one peak with shoulders having molecular weight (Mw) ranges of 358-1,501 × 10(3). The F1 fraction stimulated RAW264.7 cells to produce considerable amounts of nitric oxide and cytokines compared to the crude and F2 fraction. The backbone of the most potent immunostimulating fraction (F1) was α-(1→4)-L-arabinopyranoside with galactose and xylose residues as branches at O-2 position, and sulfates mainly at O-2 position as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utoomporn Surayot
- a Department of Marine Food Science and Technology , Gangneung-Wonju National University , Gangneung , Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hun Lee
- b Marine Bio Regional Innovation Center , Gangneung-Wonju National University , Gangneung , Republic of Korea
| | - Chartchai Kanongnuch
- c Faculty of Agro-Industry, Department of Biotechnology , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - Yuwadee Peerapornpisal
- d Faculty of Science, Department of Biology , Chiang Mai University , Chiang Mai , Thailand
| | - WooJung Park
- a Department of Marine Food Science and Technology , Gangneung-Wonju National University , Gangneung , Republic of Korea
| | - SangGuan You
- a Department of Marine Food Science and Technology , Gangneung-Wonju National University , Gangneung , Republic of Korea
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Wongsawad P, Peerapornpisal Y. Morphological and molecular profiling of Spirogyra from northeastern and northern Thailand using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Saudi J Biol Sci 2015; 22:382-9. [PMID: 26150742 PMCID: PMC4486733 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Green algae, Spirogyra (Chlorophyta), are found in a wide range of habitats including small stagnant water bodies, rivers, and streams. Species identification of Spirogyra based on morphological characteristics has proven to be a difficult process. An accurate identification method is required to evaluate genetic variations. This study is aimed at investigating the molecular profiling of 19 samples of Spirogyra from northern and northeastern Thailand. The morphological characteristics of each sample were recorded, viz. cell dimensions (width and length), along with the number and arrangement of chloroplast spirals/pyrenoids. With regard to a correlation of the biological and ecological parameters, conductivity was clearly significantly related to the number of pyrenoids. While DO is negatively related to the number of chloroplast spirals. Molecular studies with 10 ISSR primers were amplified to examine the DNA fingerprints. Morphological characters were determined to be significantly different by revealing 5 traits (P < 0.05) for all specimens. In addition, the DNA markers of all specimens were investigated using 10 ISSR primers. The results show that the PCR technique amplified 108 fragments. An analysis of the DNA fragments grouped all samples by ISRR-PCR, which were then separated into two groups according to their distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pheravut Wongsawad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 50200, Thailand
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Surayot U, Wang J, Lee JH, Kanongnuch C, Peerapornpisal Y, You S. Characterization and immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides from Spirogyra neglecta (Hassall) Kützing. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 79:1644-53. [PMID: 25971153 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1043119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides (SP) isolated from freshwater green algae, Spirogyra neglecta (Hassall) Kützing, and fractionated SPs were examined to investigate their molecular characteristics and immunomodulatory activity. The crude and fractionated SPs (F1, F2, and F3) consisted mostly of carbohydrates (68.5-85.3%), uronic acids (3.2-4.9%), and sulfates (2.2-12.2%) with various amounts of proteins (2.6-17.1%). D-galactose (23.5-27.3%), D-glucose (11.5-24.8%), L-fucose (19.0-26.7%), and L-rhamnose (16.4-18.3%) were the major monosaccharide units of these SPs with different levels of L-arabinose (3.0-9.4%), D-xylose (4.6-9.8%), and D-mannose (0.4-2.3%). The SPs contained two sub-fractions with molecular weights (Mw) ranging from 164 × 10(3) to 1460 × 10(3) g/mol. The crude and fractionated SPs strongly stimulated murine macrophages, producing considerable amounts of nitric oxide and various cytokines via up-regulation of their mRNA expression by activation of nuclear factor-kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinases pathways. The main backbone of the most immunoenhancing SP was (1→3)-L-Fucopyranoside, (1→4,6)-D-Glucopyranoside, and (1→4)-D-Galactopyranoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utoomporn Surayot
- a Department of Marine Food Science and Technology , Gangneung-Wonju National University , Gangneung , Republic of Korea
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Thumvijit T, Taya S, Punvittayagul C, Peerapornpisal Y, Wongpoomchai R. Cancer chemopreventive effect of Spirogyra neglecta (Hassall) Kützing on diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:1611-6. [PMID: 24641376 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.4.1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirogyra neglecta, a freshwater green alga, is a local food in the northern and northeastern parts of Thailand. This investigation explored the anticarcinogenicity of S neglecta and its possible cancer chemopreventive mechanisms in rats divided into 14 groups. Groups 1 and 10 served as positive and negative control groups, respectively. Groups 1-9 were intraperitoneally injected with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) once a week for 3 weeks. Groups 10-14 received normal saline instead. One week after the last DEN injection, groups 2-5 were administered for 9 consecutive weeks various doses of S neglecta extract (SNE) and dried S neglecta (SND), mixed with basal diet. Groups 6-9 and 11-14 similarly were administered various doses of SNE and SND starting from the first week of the experiment. Administration of SNE and SND was not associated with formation of glutathione-S- transferase placental form (GST-P) positive foci in rat liver. SNE and SND during initiation phase significantly reduced the number of GST-P positive foci in rats injected with DEN. The number of GST-P also diminished in groups treated with SNE and SND after injection with DEN, except for the low dose extract group. SNE showed stronger anticarcinogenic potency than SND. Furthermore, SNE also decreased the number of Ki-67 positive cells. However, the numbers of TUNEL-positive cells in the liver of the SNE-treated groups were not statistically different from the controls. The GST activity in 50 mg/kg bw of SNE and 1% of SND groups was significantly increased as compared to the positive control. In conclusion, Spirogyra neglecta (Hassall) Kutzing showed cancer chemopreventive properties at the early stages of diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in rats. Possible inhibitory mechanisms include enhancement of the activities of some detoxifying enzymes and/or suppression of precancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarika Thumvijit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand E-mail :
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Wongsawad P, Peerapornpisal Y. Molecular identification and phylogenetic relationship of green algae, Spirogyra ellipsospora (Chlorophyta) using ISSR and rbcL markers. Saudi J Biol Sci 2014; 21:505-10. [PMID: 25313288 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2013] [Revised: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirogyra is found in a wide range of habitats, including small stagnant water bodies, rivers, and streams. Spirogyra ellipsospora is common in northern Thailand. Species identification of the Spirogyra species based only on morphological characteristics can be difficult. A reliable and accurate method is required to evaluate genetic variations. This study aims to apply molecular approaches for the identification of S. ellipsospora using microsatellites and rbcL markers. Based on DNA sequencing, the rbcL gene was sequenced and the data was analyzed using the BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool) program in the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) database. The sequence of S. ellipsospora from this study revealed definitive identity matches in the range of 99% for the consensus sequences of S. ellipsospora. The 10 primers of ISSR could be amplified by 92 amplification fragments. The DNA fragments and the rbcL sequence data grouped the Spirogyra specimens into two distinct clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pheravut Wongsawad
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Mueang 50200, Thailand
| | - Yuwadee Peerapornpisal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Mueang 50200, Thailand
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Thumvijit T, Thuschana W, Amornlerdpison D, Peerapornpisal Y, Wongpoomchai R. Evaluation of hepatic antioxidant capacities of Spirogyra neglecta (Hassall) Kützing in rats. Interdiscip Toxicol 2013; 6:152-6. [PMID: 24678253 PMCID: PMC3967442 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2013-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Free radicals are one of the causes of chronic and degenerative diseases. Antioxidants can protect the progression of free radical mediated disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of Spirogyra neglecta (Hassall) Kützing in rats. The rats were divided into 5 groups. Group 1 served as control. Groups 2 and 3 were administered hot water extract of S. neglecta at 50 and 200 mg/kg bw, respectively, while groups 4 and 5 were fed 1% and 4% S. neglecta mixed diet, resp., for 13 weeks. Antioxidant enzymes were evaluated in livers of the rats. The activities of catalase and glutathione reductase were significantly increased in the group fed 50 mg/kg of the extract, compared with the control group. Glutathione peroxidase activity was also significantly higher in the group fed 50 and 200 mg/kg of the extract. The study suggests that S. neglecta may enhance antioxidant systems in the rat liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarika Thumvijit
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Waristha Thuschana
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | | | - Rawiwan Wongpoomchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Sompong U, Anuntalabhochai S, W. Cutler R, W. Castenholz R, Peerapornpisal Y. Morphological and phylogenic diversity of cyanobacterial populations in six hot springs of Thailand. ScienceAsia 2008. [DOI: 10.2306/scienceasia1513-1874.2008.34.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Purcell D, Sompong U, Yim LC, Barraclough TG, Peerapornpisal Y, Pointing SB. The effects of temperature, pH and sulphide on the community structure of hyperthermophilic streamers in hot springs of northern Thailand. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2007; 60:456-66. [PMID: 17386034 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00302.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermophilic community diversity was assessed in hot-spring streamers along gradients of temperature, pH and sulphide in northern Thailand. A hierarchical sampling design was employed to obtain biomass for culture-independent estimates of 16S rRNA gene-defined prokaryotic diversity. All springs supported several archaeal and bacterial phylotypes, including novel phylotypes that expand the known phylogenetic diversity of terrestrial hyperthermophiles. Diversity appeared significantly greater than that observed for several other geographic locations. Phylotypes belonging to the Aquificales were ubiquitous, further supporting the hypothesis that these chemolithoautotrophs are key members of all hyperthermophilic communities. The chemoorganotrophic genus Thermus was also represented by phylotypes in all springs. Other bacterial taxa represented by environmental sequences included Bacillus, Thermotoga and various unidentified Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria. Archaeal phylotypes included the Crenarchaea Desulfurococcus, Pyrobaculum, plus several unidentified hyperthermophilic lineages. A Methanothermococcus-like Euryarchaeon was also identified, with this genus not previously known from streamer communities. A multivariate approach to the analysis of biotic and abiotic data revealed that diversity patterns were best explained by a combination of temperature and sulphide rather than by any other abiotic variable either individually or in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Purcell
- Division of Biology and NERC Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire, UK
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Fahprathanchai P, Saenphet K, Peerapornpisal Y, Aritajat S. Toxicological evaluation of Cladophora glomerata Kützing and Microspora floccosa Thuret in albino rats. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2006; 37 Suppl 3:206-9. [PMID: 17547082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of Cladophora glomerata and Microspora floccosa ethanolic extracts in rats. Acute toxicity was tested with a single oral administration of the extract at a dose of 25 g/kg bd wt. Mortality, behavior, amount of food intake, body weight, and any abnormalities of the visceral organs, were observed. The results showed that the extract caused neither mortality, nor abnormalities. Subchronic toxicity was tested by administering the extract at doses of 0.5 g/kg and 1.0 g/kg for 60 days. Differences in body weight, hematology and blood biochemistry (alanine aminotransferase, ALT; aspartate aminotransferase, AST; blood urea nitrogen, BUN and creatinine, Cre) were not detected among the control and treatment groups. Although the packed cell volume of the male rats treated with 1.0 g/kg extract was significantly lower than the controls (p< or =0.05), the level was in the standard range for rat hematocrit.
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Hongmei J, Aitchison JC, Lacap DC, Peerapornpisal Y, Sompong U, Pointing SB. Community phylogenetic analysis of moderately thermophilic cyanobacterial mats from China, the Philippines and Thailand. Extremophiles 2005; 9:325-32. [PMID: 15970994 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-005-0456-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2004] [Accepted: 03/11/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Most community molecular studies of thermophilic cyanobacterial mats to date have focused on Synechococcus occurring at temperatures of approximately 50-65 degrees C. These reveal that molecular diversity exceeds that indicated by morphology, and that phylogeographic lineages exist. The moderately thermophilic and generally filamentous cyanobacterial mat communities occurring at lower temperatures have not previously been investigated at the community molecular level. Here we report community diversity in mats of 42-53 degrees C recovered from previously unstudied geothermal locations. Separation of 16S rRNA gene-defined genotypes from community DNA was achieved by DGGE. Genotypic diversity was greater than morphotype diversity in all mats sampled, although genotypes generally corresponded to observed morphotypes. Thirty-six sequences were recovered from DGGE bands. Phylogenetic analyses revealed these to form novel thermophilic lineages distinct from their mesophilic counterparts, within Calothrix, Cyanothece, Fischerella, Phormidium, Pleurocapsa, Oscillatoria and Synechococcus. Where filamentous cyanobacterial sequences belonging to the same genus were recovered from the same site, these were generally closely affiliated. Location-specific sequences were observed for some genotypes recovered from geochemically similar yet spatially separated sites, thus providing evidence for phylogeographic lineages that evolve in isolation. Other genotypes were more closely affiliated to geographically remote counterparts from similar habitats suggesting that adaptation to certain niches is also important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hongmei
- Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong, China
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Sompong U, Hawkins PR, Besley C, Peerapornpisal Y. The distribution of cyanobacteria across physical and chemical gradients in hot springs in northern Thailand. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2005; 52:365-76. [PMID: 16329921 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsec.2004.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2004] [Revised: 10/17/2004] [Accepted: 12/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We mapped the distribution of mat forming cyanobacteria along the thermal gradient from 30 to 80 degrees C, in nine hot spring districts in northern Thailand. Nineteen genera and 36 species were identified by morphometric analysis. Water temperature was the predominant determinant of community structure in the springs. The diversity of cyanobacterial morphotypes fell as temperature increased. Water chemistry (pH, alkalinity and ammonia concentration) was a much weaker descriptor of the floral similarity between the springs. The morphotypes which dominated all springs were Synechococcus lividus and Synechococcus sp. (>40 and <80 degrees C) and Phormidium boryanum (>30 and <60 degrees C). The occurrence of Synechococcus lividus and Synechococcus sp. in every spring at 70 degrees C or more, implied there was no regional barrier to the distribution of these highly thermophilic taxa. Conversely, there were regional differences in the diversity of mat communities growing below 60 degrees C. The most depauperate flora were in the northernmost springs (SKP, TPN, PD, JS) and the springs further south around Chiang Mai had more diverse flora, suggestive of barriers to the dispersal of some taxa. More discriminating analyses using molecular tools will be required to determine whether the ubiquitous distribution Synechoccoccus morphotypes above 60 degrees C masks a genotypic diversity, comparable to the morphotype diversity observed below 60 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udomluk Sompong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Ruangyuttikarn W, Miksik I, Pekkoh J, Peerapornpisal Y, Deyl Z. Reversed-phase liquid chromatographic–mass spectrometric determination of microcystin-LR in cyanobacteria blooms under alkaline conditions. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2004; 800:315-9. [PMID: 14698272 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00595-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Reversed-phase HPLC coupled to the atmospheric pressure ionization-electrospray ionization (API-ESI) MS was used for microcystin-LR detection and quantitation in samples of dried Microcystis aeruginosa cells. An alkaline linear gradient (20 mmol/l ammonium hydroxide-acetonitrile, pH 9.7) was used for elution of the toxic peptides. Limit of detection was 1 microg/ml (20 ng per injection) in the scan mode of MS and 0.1 microg/ml (2 ng per injection) in the case of selective ion monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werawan Ruangyuttikarn
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Ishii M, Takishita S, Iwasaki T, Peerapornpisal Y, Yoshino J, Kodama T, Igarashi Y. Purification and characterization of membrane-bound hydrogenase from Hydrogenobacter thermophilus strain TK-6, an obligately autotrophic, thermophilic, hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2000; 64:492-502. [PMID: 10803945 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.64.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A membrane-bound hydrogenase was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from the cells of Hydrogenobacter thermophilus strain TK-6, an obligately autotrophic, thermophilic, hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium. Solubilization and purification were done aerobically in the presence of Triton X-100. Three chromatography steps were done for purification; Butyl-Sepharose, Mono-Q, and Superose 6, in this order. Purification was completed with 6.73% yield of total activity and with 21.4-fold increase of specific activity when compared with the values for the membrane fraction. The purified hydrogenase was shown to be a tetramer with alpha2beta2 structure, with a molecular mass of 60,000 Da for the large subunit and 38,000 Da for the small subunit. The purified hydrogenase directly reduced methionaquinone with an apparent Km of around 300 microM and with a turnover number around 2900 (min(-1)). Metal analysis and EPR properties of the hydrogenase have shown that the enzyme is one of the [NiFe]-hydrogenases. Also, optimum pH and temperature for reaction, thermal stability, and electron acceptor specificity were reported. Finally, a model is presented for energy and central metabolism of H. thermophilus strain TK-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ishii
- Department of Biotechnology, the University of Tokyo, Japan
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Ishida T, Hasegawa N, Hayashi NR, Peerapornpisal Y, Ishii M, Igarashi Y, Kodama T. Growth characteristics and dense culture of a thermophilic cyanobacterium, Chroococcidiopsis sp. strain TS-821. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0922-338x(97)81139-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hayashi NR, Ishida T, Peerapornpisal Y, Igarashi Y, Kodama T. Effect of carbon dioxide concentration on the growth and RubisCO activity of a thermophilic cyanobacterium, Chroococcidiopsis sp. strain TS-821. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(96)80927-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Hayashi NR, Peerapornpisal Y, Nishihara H, Ishii M, Igarashi Y, Kodama T. Isolation and cultivation of thermophilic cyanobacteria from hot springs of northern thailand. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(94)90260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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