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Freddi L, Vicente AF, Petit E, Ribeiro M, Game Y, Locatelli Y, Jacques I, Riou M, Jay M, Garin-Bastuji B, Rossi S, Djokic V, Ponsart C. Evaluation of a Lateral Flow Immunochromatography Assay (LFIA) for Diagnosis and Surveillance of Brucellosis in French Alpine Ibex ( Capra ibex). Microorganisms 2023; 11:1976. [PMID: 37630536 PMCID: PMC10459811 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11081976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
France has been officially free of bovine brucellosis since 2005. Nevertheless, in 2012, as the source of two human cases, a bovine outbreak due to B. melitensis biovar 3 was confirmed in the French Alpine Bargy massif, due to a spillover from wild, protected Alpine ibex (Capra ibex). In order to reduce high Brucella prevalence in the local ibex population, successive management strategies have been implemented. Lateral flow immunochromatography assay (LFIA) was thus identified as a promising on-site screening test, allowing for a rapid diagnosis far from the laboratory. This study compared a commercial LFIA for brucellosis diagnosis with the WOAH-recommended tests for small ruminants (i.e., Rose Bengal test (RBT), Complement fixation test, (CFT) and Indirect ELISA, (iELISA)). LFIA showed the same analytical sensitivity as iELISA on successive dilutions of the International Standard anti-Brucella melitensis Serum (ISaBmS) and the EU Goat Brucella Standard Serum (EUGBSS). Selectivity was estimated at 100% when vaccinated ibex sera were analyzed. When used on samples from naturally infected ibex, LFIA showed high concordance, as well as relative sensitivity and specificity (>97.25%) in comparison with RBT and CFT. This work shows high reliability and ensures a better standardization of LFIA testing for wild ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Freddi
- EU/WOAH & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, ANSES/Paris-Est University, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France (M.R.); (M.J.)
| | - Acacia Ferreira Vicente
- EU/WOAH & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, ANSES/Paris-Est University, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France (M.R.); (M.J.)
| | - Elodie Petit
- French Office for Biodiversity (OFB), Research and Scientific Support, 74320 Sévrier, France
- The Biometrics and Evolutionary Biology Laboratory UMR 5558, CNRS, VetAgro Sup, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Maëline Ribeiro
- EU/WOAH & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, ANSES/Paris-Est University, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France (M.R.); (M.J.)
| | - Yvette Game
- Departmental Veterinary Laboratory of Savoie (LDAV 73), 73000 Chambéry, France
| | - Yann Locatelli
- Réserve Zoologique de la Haute Touche, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), 36290 Obterre, France
| | - Isabelle Jacques
- Institut Universitaire Technologique (IUT), Département Génie Biologique, Université de Tours, 37082 Tours, France
- UMR-1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique (ISP), INRAE Centre Val de Loire, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Mickaël Riou
- UE-1277 Plateforme d’Infectiologie Expérimentale, INRAE Centre Val de Loire, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Maryne Jay
- EU/WOAH & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, ANSES/Paris-Est University, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France (M.R.); (M.J.)
| | - Bruno Garin-Bastuji
- EU/WOAH & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, ANSES/Paris-Est University, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France (M.R.); (M.J.)
| | - Sophie Rossi
- French Office for Biodiversity (OFB), Research and Scientific Support, 74320 Sévrier, France
| | - Vitomir Djokic
- EU/WOAH & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, ANSES/Paris-Est University, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France (M.R.); (M.J.)
| | - Claire Ponsart
- EU/WOAH & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, ANSES/Paris-Est University, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France (M.R.); (M.J.)
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Quéméré E, Rossi S, Petit E, Marchand P, Merlet J, Game Y, Galan M, Gilot-Fromont E. Genetic epidemiology of the Alpine ibex reservoir of persistent and virulent brucellosis outbreak. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4400. [PMID: 32157133 PMCID: PMC7064506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61299-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
While it is now broadly accepted that inter-individual variation in the outcomes of host-pathogen interactions is at least partially genetically controlled, host immunogenetic characteristics are rarely investigated in wildlife epidemiological studies. Furthermore, most immunogenetic studies in the wild focused solely on the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) diversity despite it accounts for only a fraction of the genetic variation in pathogen resistance. Here, we investigated immunogenetic diversity of the Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) population of the Bargy massif, reservoir of a virulent outbreak of brucellosis. We analysed the polymorphism and associations with disease resistance of the MHC Class II Drb gene and several non-MHC genes (Toll-like receptor genes, Slc11A1) involved in the innate immune response to Brucella in domestic ungulates. We found a very low neutral genetic diversity and a unique MHC Drb haplotype in this population founded few decades ago from a small number of individuals. By contrast, other immunity-related genes have maintained polymorphism and some showed significant associations with the brucellosis infection status hence suggesting a predominant role of pathogen-mediated selection in their recent evolutionary trajectory. Our results highlight the need to monitor immunogenetic variation in wildlife epidemiological studies and to look beyond the MHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Quéméré
- CEFS, INRAE, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France.
- ESE, Ecology and Ecosystems Health, Agrocampus Ouest, INRAE, 35042 Rennes, France.
| | - Sophie Rossi
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Unité Sanitaire de la Faune, Gap, France
| | - Elodie Petit
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Unité Ongulés sauvages, Gières, France
| | - Pascal Marchand
- Office Français de la Biodiversité, Unité Ongulés sauvages, Gières, France
| | - Joël Merlet
- CEFS, INRAE, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Yvette Game
- Laboratoire Départemental d'Analyses Vétérinaires de Savoie, Chambéry, France
| | - Maxime Galan
- CBGP, INRAE, CIRAD, IRD, Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup - Campus vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'Étoile, France
- Université de Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558 Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive (LBBE), Villeurbanne, France
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3
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Lambert S, Gilot-Fromont E, Freycon P, Thébault A, Game Y, Toïgo C, Petit E, Barthe MN, Reynaud G, Jaÿ M, Garin-Bastuji B, Ponsart C, Hars J, Rossi S. High Shedding Potential and Significant Individual Heterogeneity in Naturally-Infected Alpine ibex ( Capra ibex) With Brucella melitensis. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1065. [PMID: 29892274 PMCID: PMC5985404 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Wildlife reservoirs of infectious diseases raise major management issues. In Europe, brucellosis has been eradicated in domestic ruminants from most countries and wild ruminants have not been considered important reservoirs so far. However, a high prevalence of Brucella melitensis infection has been recently identified in a French population of Alpine ibex (Capra ibex), after the emergence of brucellosis was confirmed in a dairy cattle farm and two human cases. This situation raised the need to identify the factors driving the persistence of Brucella infection at high prevalence levels in this ibex population. In the present paper, we studied the shedding pattern of B. melitensis in ibex from Bargy Massif, French Alps. Bacteriological examinations (1-15 tissues/samples per individual) were performed on 88 seropositive, supposedly infected and euthanized individuals. Among them, 51 (58%) showed at least one positive culture, including 45 ibex with at least one Brucella isolation from a urogenital sample or a lymph node in the pelvic area (active infection in organs in the pelvic area). Among these 45 ibex, 26 (30% of the total number of necropsied animals) showed at least one positive culture for a urogenital organ and were considered as being at risk of shedding the bacteria at the time of capture. We observed significant heterogeneity between sex-and-age classes: seropositive females were most at risk to excrete Brucella before the age of 5 years, possibly corresponding to abortion during the first pregnancy following infection such as reported in the domestic ruminants. The high shedding potential observed in young females may have contributed to the self-sustained maintenance of infection in this population, whereas males are supposed to play a role of transmission between spatial units through venereal transmission during mating. This heterogeneity in the shedding potential of seropositive individuals should be considered in the future to better evaluate management scenarios in this system as well as in others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Lambert
- UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5558 Biometry and Evolutionary Biology Laboratory, University of Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont
- UMR Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 5558 Biometry and Evolutionary Biology Laboratory, University of Lyon1, Villeurbanne, France.,VetAgro Sup- Lyon Veterinary Campus, University of Lyon, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Pauline Freycon
- VetAgro Sup- Lyon Veterinary Campus, University of Lyon, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Anne Thébault
- Risk Assessment Department, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES), Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Yvette Game
- Departmental Veterinary Laboratory of Savoie (LDAV 73), Chambéry, France
| | - Carole Toïgo
- Mountain Wildlife Unit, French Hunting and Wildlife Agency (ONCFS), Gières, France
| | - Elodie Petit
- Mountain Wildlife Unit, French Hunting and Wildlife Agency (ONCFS), Sèvrier, France
| | | | - Gaël Reynaud
- Departmental Veterinary Laboratory of Savoie (LDAV 73), Chambéry, France
| | - Maryne Jaÿ
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES)/Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Bruno Garin-Bastuji
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES)/Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Claire Ponsart
- EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Animal Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES)/Paris-Est University, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jean Hars
- Wildlife Diseases Unit, French Hunting and Wildlife Agency (ONCFS), Gières, France
| | - Sophie Rossi
- Wildlife Diseases Unit, French Hunting and Wildlife Agency (ONCFS), Gap, France
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4
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Marchand P, Freycon P, Herbaux JP, Game Y, Toïgo C, Gilot-Fromont E, Rossi S, Hars J. Sociospatial structure explains marked variation in brucellosis seroprevalence in an Alpine ibex population. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15592. [PMID: 29142204 PMCID: PMC5688143 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15803-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In a context of (re)emerging infectious diseases with wildlife reservoirs, understanding how animal ecology shapes epidemiology is a key issue, particularly in wild ungulates that share pathogens with domestic herbivores and have similar food requirements. For the first time in Europe, brucellosis (Brucella melitensis), a virulent zoonosis, persisted in an Alpine ibex (Capra ibex) population and was transmitted to cattle and humans. To better understand disease dynamics, we investigated the relationships between the spatial ecology of ibex and the epidemiology of brucellosis. Combining home range overlap between 37 GPS-collared individuals and visual observations of 148 visually-marked individuals monitored during the 2013-2016 period, we showed that females were spatially segregated in at least 4 units all year round, whereas males were more prone to move between female units, in particular during the rutting period. In addition to ibex age, the spatial structure in females largely contributed to variation in seroprevalence in the whole population. These results suggest that non-sexual routes are the most likely pathways of intraspecific transmission, crucial information for management. Accounting for wildlife spatial ecology was hence decisive in improving our ability to better understand this health challenge involving a wildlife reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Marchand
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Unité Ongulés Sauvages, Les Portes du soleil, 147 avenue de Lodève, F-34990, Juvignac, France.
| | - Pauline Freycon
- UMR CNRS 5558 Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, VetAgro Sup, 1 Avenue Bourgelat, F-69280, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Herbaux
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Service Départemental de la Haute-Savoie, 90 route du col de Leschaux, F-74320, Sévrier, France
| | - Yvette Game
- Laboratoire départemental d'analyses vétérinaires de la Savoie, 321 chemin des moulins, F-73000, Chambéry, France
| | - Carole Toïgo
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Unité Ongulés Sauvages, Les Portes du soleil, 147 avenue de Lodève, F-34990, Juvignac, France
| | - Emmanuelle Gilot-Fromont
- UMR CNRS 5558 Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, VetAgro Sup, 1 Avenue Bourgelat, F-69280, Marcy L'Etoile, France
| | - Sophie Rossi
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Unité Sanitaire de la Faune, Micropolis - La Bérardie, 05000, Gap, France
| | - Jean Hars
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Unité Sanitaire de la Faune, 5 allée de Béthléem, F-38610, Gières, France
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5
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Ambroset C, Pau-Roblot C, Game Y, Gaurivaud P, Tardy F. Identification and Characterization of Mycoplasma feriruminatoris sp. nov. Strains Isolated from Alpine Ibex: A 4th Species in the Mycoplasma mycoides Cluster Hosted by Non-domesticated Ruminants? Front Microbiol 2017; 8:939. [PMID: 28611743 PMCID: PMC5447728 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Mycoplasma, a group of free-living, wall-less prokaryotes includes more than 100 species of which dozens are primary pathogens of humans and domesticated animals. Mycoplasma species isolated from wildlife are rarely investigated but could provide a fuller picture of the evolutionary history and diversity of this genus. In 2013 several isolates from wild Caprinae were tentatively assigned to a new species, Mycoplasma (M.) feriruminatoris sp. nov., characterized by an unusually rapid growth in vitro and close genetic proximity to ruminant pathogenic species. We suspected that atypical isolates recently collected from Alpine ibex in France belonged to this new species. The present study was undertaken to verify this hypothesis and to further characterize the French ibex isolates. Phylogenetic analyses were performed to identify the isolates and position them in trees containing several other mycoplasma species pathogenic to domesticated ruminants. Population diversity was characterized by genomic macrorestriction and by examining the capacity of different strains to produce capsular polysaccharides, a feature now known to vary amongst mycoplasma species pathogenic to ruminants. This is the first report of M. feriruminatoris isolation from Alpine ibex in France. Phylogenetic analyses further suggested that M. feriruminatoris might constitute a 4th species in a genetic cluster that so far contains only important ruminant pathogens, the so-called Mycoplasma mycoides cluster. A PCR assay for specific identification is proposed. These French isolates were not clonal, despite being collected in a restricted region of the Alps, which signifies a considerable diversity of the new species. Strains were able to concomitantly produce two types of capsular polysaccharides, β-(1→6)-galactan and β-(1→6)-glucan, with variation in their respective ratio, a feature never before described in mycoplasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Ambroset
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, UMR Mycoplasmoses des RuminantsMarcy-l'Étoile, France.,Anses, Laboratoire de Lyon, UMR Mycoplasmoses des RuminantsLyon, France
| | - Corinne Pau-Roblot
- Unité de Biologie des Plantes et Innovation, EA 3900, Université de Picardie Jules VerneAmiens, France
| | - Yvette Game
- Laboratoire Départemental d'Analyses Vétérinaires de SavoieChambéry, France
| | - Patrice Gaurivaud
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, UMR Mycoplasmoses des RuminantsMarcy-l'Étoile, France.,Anses, Laboratoire de Lyon, UMR Mycoplasmoses des RuminantsLyon, France
| | - Florence Tardy
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, UMR Mycoplasmoses des RuminantsMarcy-l'Étoile, France.,Anses, Laboratoire de Lyon, UMR Mycoplasmoses des RuminantsLyon, France
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Garin-Bastuji B, Hars J, Drapeau A, Cherfa MA, Game Y, Le Horgne JM, Rautureau S, Maucci E, Pasquier JJ, Jay M, Mick V. Reemergence of Brucella melitensis in wildlife, France. Emerg Infect Dis 2015; 20:1570-1. [PMID: 25152274 PMCID: PMC4178400 DOI: 10.3201/eid2009.131517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Rossi S, Viarouge C, Faure E, Gilot-Fromont E, Gache K, Gibert P, Verheyden H, Hars J, Klein F, Maillard D, Gauthier D, Game Y, Pozet F, Sailleau C, Garnier A, Zientara S, Bréard E. Exposure of Wildlife to the Schmallenberg Virus in France (2011-2014): Higher, Faster, Stronger (than Bluetongue)! Transbound Emerg Dis 2015; 64:354-363. [DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Rossi
- French Agency for Wildlife and Hunting (ONCFS); Unité sanitaire de la faune; St Benoist France
| | - C. Viarouge
- French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES); Laboratoire de santé animale; Maisons-Alfort France
| | - E. Faure
- Fédération Nationale des Chasseurs; Issy-les-Moulineaux France
| | - E. Gilot-Fromont
- Université de Lyon; VetAgroSup; Marcy l'Etoile France
- UMR 5558 LBBE; Villeurbanne France
| | - K. Gache
- National animal health farmers'organisation (GDS France); Paris France
| | - P. Gibert
- French Agency for Wildlife and Hunting (ONCFS); Cnera faune de montagne; Montpellier France
| | - H. Verheyden
- INRA; Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage; Castanet-Tolosan France
| | - J. Hars
- French Agency for Wildlife and Hunting (ONCFS); Unité sanitaire de la faune; St Benoist France
| | - F. Klein
- French Agency for Wildlife and Hunting (ONCFS); Cnera cervidés sanglier; St Benoist France
| | - D. Maillard
- French Agency for Wildlife and Hunting (ONCFS); Cnera faune de montagne; Montpellier France
| | - D. Gauthier
- Laboratoire vétérinaire départemental d'analyses et d'hygiène alimentaire des Hautes Alpes; Gap France
| | - Y. Game
- Laboratoire vétérinaire départemental d'analyses de la Savoie; Bassens France
| | - F. Pozet
- Laboratoire départemental d'analyses du Jura; Poligny France
| | - C. Sailleau
- French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES); Laboratoire de santé animale; Maisons-Alfort France
| | - A. Garnier
- French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES); Laboratoire de santé animale; Maisons-Alfort France
| | - S. Zientara
- French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES); Laboratoire de santé animale; Maisons-Alfort France
| | - E. Bréard
- French Agency for Food Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety (ANSES); Laboratoire de santé animale; Maisons-Alfort France
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Gotteland C, Aubert D, Gibert P, Moinet M, Klein F, Game Y, Villena I, Gilot-Fromont E. Toxoplasmosis in natural populations of ungulates in France: prevalence and spatiotemporal variations. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2014; 14:403-13. [PMID: 24745359 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2013.1304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis is characterized by a complex epidemiology. The risk of infection for humans depends on their contact with infective oocysts in a contaminated environment and on the amount of tissue cysts located within consumed meat. Unfortunately, the prevalence of tissue cysts is largely unknown for game species. Although herbivorous game species are a source of infection for humans, the level of infection found in wildlife can also be used to estimate environmental contamination. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection and analyze its temporal dynamics in one population of chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra), one of mouflon (Ovis gmelini musimon), and two of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in France, surveyed during a period of 6 to 28 years. Taking into account individual risk factors, we specifically analyzed the relationship between T. gondii prevalence and meteorological conditions that may influence oocyst survival. Serum samples from 101 chamois, 143 mouflons, and 1155 roe deer were tested for antibodies against T. gondii using the modified agglutination test (MAT), an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) assay, or both. Using MAT with a threshold of 1:6, seroprevalence was 14.7% in mouflon, 16.8% in chamois, and 43.7% in roe deer. In mouflon and roe deer, seroprevalence was positively correlated with age and/or body mass, in accordance with the hypothesis that antibodies have long-term persistence. In roe deer, seropositivity differed between the two populations and changed linearly over time between 1983 and 2010, increasing by a factor 1.75 every 10 years. Moreover, in this species, the highest prevalences were found during dry and cold years or during warm and moist years, depending on the population. Our results suggest that the risk for people to acquire infection through game meat increases over time, but with high variability according to the population of origin and meteorological conditions of the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Gotteland
- 1 Université de Lyon , Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, Villeurbanne, France
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Mick V, Le Carrou G, Corde Y, Game Y, Jay M, Garin-Bastuji B. Brucella melitensis in France: persistence in wildlife and probable spillover from Alpine ibex to domestic animals. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94168. [PMID: 24732322 PMCID: PMC3986073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine brucellosis is a major zoonosis, mainly caused by Brucella abortus, more rarely by Brucella melitensis. France has been bovine brucellosis officially-free since 2005 with no cases reported in domestic/wild ruminants since 2003. In 2012, bovine and autochthonous human cases due to B. melitensis biovar 3 (Bmel3) occurred in the French Alps. Epidemiological investigations implemented in wild and domestic ruminants evidenced a high seroprevalence (>45%) in Alpine ibex (Capra ibex); no cases were disclosed in other domestic or wild ruminants, except for one isolated case in a chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra). These results raised the question of a possible persistence/emergence of Brucella in wildlife. The purpose of this study was to assess genetic relationships among the Bmel3 strains historically isolated in humans, domestic and wild ruminants in Southeastern France, over two decades, by the MLVA-panel2B assay, and to propose a possible explanation for the origin of the recent bovine and human infections. Indeed, this genotyping strategy proved to be efficient for this microepidemiological investigation using an interpretation cut-off established for a fine-scale setting. The isolates, from the 2012 domestic/human outbreak harbored an identical genotype, confirming a recent and direct contamination from cattle to human. Interestingly, they clustered not only with isolates from wildlife in 2012, but also with local historical domestic isolates, in particular with the 1999 last bovine case in the same massif. Altogether, our results suggest that the recent bovine outbreak could have originated from the Alpine ibex population. This is the first report of a B. melitensis spillover from wildlife to domestic ruminants and the sustainability of the infection in Alpine ibex. However, this wild population, reintroduced in the 1970s in an almost closed massif, might be considered as a semi-domestic free-ranging herd. Anthropogenic factors could therefore account with the high observed intra-species prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Mick
- Paris-Est University/Anses, EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Gilles Le Carrou
- Paris-Est University/Anses, EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Yannick Corde
- Paris-Est University/Anses, EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Yvette Game
- Departmental Veterinary Laboratory of Savoie (LDAV 73), Chambery, France
| | - Maryne Jay
- Paris-Est University/Anses, EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Bruno Garin-Bastuji
- Paris-Est University/Anses, EU/OIE/FAO & National Reference Laboratory for Brucellosis, Animal Health Laboratory, Maisons-Alfort, France
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Poumarat F, Le Grand D, Gaurivaud P, Gay E, Chazel M, Game Y, Bergonier D. Comparative assessment of two commonly used commercial ELISA tests for the serological diagnosis of contagious agalactia of small ruminants caused by Mycoplasma agalactiae. BMC Vet Res 2012; 8:109. [PMID: 22776779 PMCID: PMC3439703 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-8-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Contagious agalactia (CA) of sheep and goats caused by Mycoplasma agalactiae is a widely occurring economically important disease that is difficult to control. The ELISA is commonly used for the serological detection of CA but it has some limitations and the performance of the available tests have not been properly evaluated. Two commercial ELISA kits are widely used, one involving a fusion protein as target antigen and the other a total antigen. The objectives were to compare these tests by evaluating: i. Their diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, the relevance of the recommended cut-off points, the correlation between the two tests, and, the correlation between serology data and the milk shedding of M. agalatiae; ii. The influence of extrinsic factors such as the targeted animal species, geographical origin of the samples, intra-specific variability of M. agalactiae and concurrent mycoplasma infections. A sample of 5900 animals from 211 farms with continuous CA monitoring for 20 years and no prior vaccination history was used. The infection status was known from prior bacteriological, epidemiological and serological monitoring with a complementary immunoblotting test. Results The average diagnostic sensitivity was 56% [51.8–59.8] for the fusion protein ELISA and 84% [81.3–87.2] for the total antigen ELISA, with noteworthy flock-related variations. The average diagnostic specificity for the fusion protein ELISA was 100% [99.9–100], and for the total antigen ELISA differed significantly between goats and sheep: 99.3% [97.4–99.9] and 95.7% [93.8–97.2] respectively. Experimental inoculations with different M. agalactiae strains revealed that the ELISA kits poorly detected the antibody response to certain strains. Furthermore, test performances varied according to the host species or geographical origin of the samples. Finally, the correlation between milk shedding of M. agalactiae and the presence of detectable antibodies in the blood was poor. Conclusions These serological tests are not interchangeable. The choice of a test will depend on the objectives (early detection of infection or disease control program), on the prevalence of infection and the control protocol used. Given the variety of factors that may influence performance, a preliminary assessment of the test in a given situation is recommended prior to widespread use.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Poumarat
- Anses, Lyon Laboratory, UMR «Mycoplasmoses of Ruminants», Lyon cedex, France.
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Aubert D, Ajzenberg D, Richomme C, Gilot-Fromont E, Terrier ME, de Gevigney C, Game Y, Maillard D, Gibert P, Dardé ML, Villena I. Molecular and biological characteristics of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from wildlife in France. Vet Parasitol 2010; 171:346-9. [PMID: 20417034 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii isolates have been classified into 3 genetic types. Little is known about genotypes of T. gondii isolates in wild animals in Europe. In this report, genotypes of T. gondii isolates from wildlife in France are described. Sera from wildlife were tested for antibodies to T. gondii with the modified agglutination test, and the hearts from animals with titers superior or equal to 1:6 were bioassayed individually in mice. T.gondii was isolated from 9 of 14 seropositive red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 12 of 33 roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), 1 of 4 deer (Cervus elaphus), 1 of 7 mouflons (Ovis gmelini musimon) and 1 of 2 common mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). No isolate was obtained by bioassay in mice of 1 fallow deer (Dama dama) and of 3 European brown hares (Lepus europaeus). Genotyping of the 24 isolates using PCR-RFLP and microsatellite markers indicated that all were type II and none of these Toxoplasma isolates was virulent for mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Aubert
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, EA 3800, IFR53, Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center (BRC), Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire de Reims, 45 Rue Cognacq Jay, F-51092 Reims, France.
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Villard L, Gauthier D, Lacheretz A, Abadie G, Game Y, Maurin F, Richard Y, Borges E, Kodjo A. Serological and molecular comparison of Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella trehalosi strains isolated from wild and domestic ruminants in the French Alps. Vet J 2006; 171:545-50. [PMID: 16624723 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2005.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Over a period of 17 years, 84 bacterial isolates identified as Mannheimia haemolytica or M. glucosida, and 52 isolates identified as Pasteurella trehalosi were detected in the lungs of domestic and wild ruminants in the French Alps. The isolates were serotyped according to their surface capsular antigens, and those sharing common antigens were further characterized by pulsed field gel electrophoresis. The results showed that the bacterial isolates included in the study clustered according to the host species from which they were isolated. These findings indicate that the transmission of serotypes of M. haemolytica, M. glucosida or P. trehalosi from an animal host in which they are common to another species sharing the same geographical space may be a rare epidemiological event.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Villard
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, 1, Av. Bourgelat, F-69280, Marcy l'Etoile, France
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Vaissaire J, Mock M, Patra G, Valognes A, Grenouillat D, Pion I, Gautier D, Ricart J, Le Doujet C, Weber M, Pédaille F, Patty R, Prudhomme C, Game Y. Cas de charbon bactéridien en France, en 1997 chez différentes espèces animales et chez l’homme. Application de nouvelles méthodes de diagnostic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.4267/2042/63772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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