1
|
Blocking IL-6 signaling prevents astrocyte-induced neurodegeneration in an iPSC-based model of Parkinson's disease. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e163359. [PMID: 38329129 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.163359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with progressive death of midbrain dopamine (DAn) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN). Since it has been proposed that patients with PD exhibit an overall proinflammatory state, and since astrocytes are key mediators of the inflammation response in the brain, here we sought to address whether astrocyte-mediated inflammatory signaling could contribute to PD neuropathology. For this purpose, we generated astrocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) representing patients with PD and healthy controls. Transcriptomic analyses identified a unique inflammatory gene expression signature in PD astrocytes compared with controls. In particular, the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 was found to be highly expressed and released by PD astrocytes and was found to induce toxicity in DAn. Mechanistically, neuronal cell death was mediated by IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) expressed in human PD neurons, leading to downstream activation of STAT3. Blockage of IL-6R by the addition of the FDA-approved anti-IL-6R antibody, Tocilizumab, prevented PD neuronal death. SN neurons overexpressing IL-6R and reactive astrocytes expressing IL-6 were detected in postmortem brain tissue of patients at early stages of PD. Our findings highlight the potential role of astrocyte-mediated inflammatory signaling in neuronal loss in PD and pave the way for the design of future therapeutics.
Collapse
|
2
|
iPSC-Based Modeling of Variable Clinical Presentation in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Circ Res 2023; 133:108-119. [PMID: 37317833 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac disease and a frequent cause of heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Our understanding of the genetic bases and pathogenic mechanisms underlying HCM has improved significantly in the recent past, but the combined effect of various pathogenic gene variants and the influence of genetic modifiers in disease manifestation are very poorly understood. Here, we set out to investigate genotype-phenotype relationships in 2 siblings with an extensive family history of HCM, both carrying a pathogenic truncating variant in the MYBPC3 gene (p.Lys600Asnfs*2), but who exhibited highly divergent clinical manifestations. METHODS We used a combination of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based disease modeling and CRISPR (clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9)-mediated genome editing to generate patient-specific cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) and isogenic controls lacking the pathogenic MYBPC3 variant. RESULTS Mutant iPSC-CMs developed impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics, which was dependent on the presence of the mutation. Moreover, we could detect altered excitation-contraction coupling in iPSC-CMs from the severely affected individual. The pathogenic MYBPC3 variant was found to be necessary, but not sufficient, to induce iPSC-CM hyperexcitability, suggesting the presence of additional genetic modifiers. Whole-exome sequencing of the mutant carriers identified a variant of unknown significance in the MYH7 gene (p.Ile1927Phe) uniquely present in the individual with severe HCM. We finally assessed the pathogenicity of this variant of unknown significance by functionally evaluating iPSC-CMs after editing the variant. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the p.Ile1927Phe variant of unknown significance in MYH7 can be considered as a modifier of HCM expressivity when found in combination with truncating variants in MYBPC3. Overall, our studies show that iPSC-based modeling of clinically discordant subjects provides a unique platform to functionally assess the effect of genetic modifiers.
Collapse
|
3
|
Generation of two heterozygous GATA2 CRISPR/Cas9-edited iPSC lines, R398W and R396Q, for modeling GATA2 deficiency. Stem Cell Res 2021; 55:102445. [PMID: 34284273 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline heterozygous GATA2 mutations underlie a complex disorder characterized by bone marrow failure, immunodeficiency and high risk to develop myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Our understanding about GATA2 deficiency is limited due to the lack of relevant disease models. Here we generated high quality human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines carrying two of the most recurrent germline GATA2 mutations (R389W and R396Q) associated with MDS, using CRISPR/Cas9. These hiPSCs represent an in vitro model to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying GATA2 deficiency, when differentiated into blood progenitors.
Collapse
|
4
|
Patient-specific iPSC-derived cellular models of LGMDR1. Stem Cell Res 2021; 53:102333. [PMID: 33862537 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2021.102333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy recessive 1 (LGMDR1) represents one of the most common types of LGMD in the population, where patients develop a progressive muscle degeneration. The disease is caused by mutations in calpain 3 gene, with over 500 mutations reported to date. However, the molecular events that lead to muscle wasting are not clear, nor the reasons for the great clinical variability among patients, and this has so far hindered the development of effective therapies. Here we generate human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from skin fibroblasts of 2 healthy controls and 4 LGMDR1 patients with different mutations. The generated lines were able to differentiate into myogenic progenitors and myotubes in vitro and in vivo, upon a transient PAX7 overexpressing protocol. Thus, we have generated myogenic cellular models of LGMDR1 that harbor different CAPN3 mutations within a human genetic background, and which do not derive from muscular biopsies. These models will allow us to investigate disease mechanisms and test therapies. Despite the variability found among iPSC lines that was unrelated to CAPN3 mutations, we found that patient-derived myogenic progenitors and myotubes express lower levels of DMD, which codes a key protein in satellite cell regulation and myotube maturation.
Collapse
|
5
|
Reprogramming Captures the Genetic and Tumorigenic Properties of Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Plexiform Neurofibromas. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:639-641. [PMID: 30840859 PMCID: PMC6410339 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
6
|
Patient-Specific iPSC-Derived Astrocytes Contribute to Non-Cell-Autonomous Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease. Stem Cell Reports 2019; 12:213-229. [PMID: 30639209 PMCID: PMC6372974 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with the degeneration of ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons (vmDAns) and the accumulation of toxic α-synuclein. A non-cell-autonomous contribution, in particular of astrocytes, during PD pathogenesis has been suggested by observational studies, but remains to be experimentally tested. Here, we generated induced pluripotent stem cell-derived astrocytes and neurons from familial mutant LRRK2 G2019S PD patients and healthy individuals. Upon co-culture on top of PD astrocytes, control vmDAns displayed morphological signs of neurodegeneration and abnormal, astrocyte-derived α-synuclein accumulation. Conversely, control astrocytes partially prevented the appearance of disease-related phenotypes in PD vmDAns. We additionally identified dysfunctional chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), impaired macroautophagy, and progressive α-synuclein accumulation in PD astrocytes. Finally, chemical enhancement of CMA protected PD astrocytes and vmDAns via the clearance of α-synuclein accumulation. Our findings unveil a crucial non-cell-autonomous contribution of astrocytes during PD pathogenesis, and open the path to exploring novel therapeutic strategies aimed at blocking the pathogenic cross talk between neurons and glial cells.
Collapse
|
7
|
Patient-Specific iPSC-Derived Endothelial Cells Provide Long-Term Phenotypic Correction of Hemophilia A. Stem Cell Reports 2018; 11:1391-1406. [PMID: 30416049 PMCID: PMC6294075 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We generated patient-specific disease-free induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from peripheral blood CD34+ cells and differentiated them into functional endothelial cells (ECs) secreting factor VIII (FVIII) for gene and cell therapy approaches to cure hemophilia A (HA), an X-linked bleeding disorder caused by F8 mutations. iPSCs were transduced with a lentiviral vector carrying FVIII transgene driven by an endothelial-specific promoter (VEC) and differentiated into bona fide ECs using an optimized protocol. FVIII-expressing ECs were intraportally transplanted in monocrotaline-conditioned non-obese diabetic (NOD) severe combined immune-deficient (scid)-IL2rγ null HA mice generating a chimeric liver with functional human ECs. Transplanted cells engrafted and proliferated in the liver along sinusoids, in the long term showed stable therapeutic FVIII activity (6%). These results demonstrate that the hemophilic phenotype can be rescued by transplantation of ECs derived from HA FVIII-corrected iPSCs, confirming the feasibility of cell-reprogramming strategy in patient-derived cells as an approach for HA gene and cell therapy.
Collapse
|
8
|
iPS Cell Cultures from a Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker Patient with the Y218N PRNP Mutation Recapitulate tau Pathology. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:3033-3048. [PMID: 28466265 PMCID: PMC5842509 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0506-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker (GSS) syndrome is a fatal autosomal dominant neurodegenerative prionopathy clinically characterized by ataxia, spastic paraparesis, extrapyramidal signs and dementia. In some GSS familiar cases carrying point mutations in the PRNP gene, patients also showed comorbid tauopathy leading to mixed pathologies. In this study we developed an induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell model derived from fibroblasts of a GSS patient harboring the Y218N PRNP mutation, as well as an age-matched healthy control. This particular PRNP mutation is unique with very few described cases. One of the cases presented neurofibrillary degeneration with relevant Tau hyperphosphorylation. Y218N iPS-derived cultures showed relevant astrogliosis, increased phospho-Tau, altered microtubule-associated transport and cell death. However, they failed to generate proteinase K-resistant prion. In this study we set out to test, for the first time, whether iPS cell-derived neurons could be used to investigate the appearance of disease-related phenotypes (i.e, tauopathy) identified in the GSS patient.
Collapse
|
9
|
Advanced cell-based modeling of the royal disease: characterization of the mutated F9 mRNA. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:2188-2197. [PMID: 28834196 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Essentials The Royal disease (RD) is a form of hemophilia B predicted to be caused by a splicing mutation. We generated an iPSC-based model of the disease allowing mechanistic studies at the RNA level. F9 mRNA analysis in iPSC-derived hepatocyte-like cells showed the predicted abnormal splicing. Mutated F9 mRNA level was very low but we also found traces of wild type transcripts. SUMMARY Background The royal disease is a form of hemophilia B (HB) that affected many descendants of Queen Victoria in the 19th and 20th centuries. It was found to be caused by the mutation F9 c.278-3A>G. Objective To generate a physiological cell model of the disease and to study F9 expression at the RNA level. Methods Using fibroblasts from skin biopsies of a previously identified hemophilic patient bearing the F9 c.278-3A>G mutation and his mother, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Both the patient's and mother's iPSCs were differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) and their F9 mRNA was analyzed using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Results and Conclusion We demonstrated the previously predicted aberrant splicing of the F9 transcript as a result of an intronic nucleotide substitution leading to a frameshift and the generation of a premature termination codon (PTC). The F9 mRNA level in the patient's HLCs was significantly reduced compared with that of his mother, suggesting that mutated transcripts undergo nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), a cellular mechanism that degrades PTC-containing mRNAs. We also detected small proportions of correctly spliced transcripts in the patient's HLCs, which, combined with genetic variability in splicing and NMD machineries, could partially explain some clinical variability among affected members of the European royal families who had lifespans above the average. This work allowed the demonstration of the pathologic consequences of an intronic mutation in the F9 gene and represents the first bona fide cellular model of HB allowing the study of rare mutations at the RNA level.
Collapse
|
10
|
Diminished expression of complement regulatory proteins (CD55 and CD59) in lymphocytes from systemic lupus erythematosus patients with lymphopenia. Lupus 2016; 15:600-5. [PMID: 17080916 DOI: 10.1177/0961203306071916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
CD55 and CD59 are glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins with complement inhibitory properties. Lymphopenia in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been associated with autoantibodies targeting nuclear antigens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface density of CD55 and CD59 in T and B lymphocytes from patients with SLE and lymphopenia and its possible correlation with the presence of common SLE autoantibodies. Flow cytometric analyses were performed on CD55 and CD59 stained CD3 and CD19 cells from 40 SLE patients, 30 with lymphopenia and 10 without it, and 25 healthy controls. Autoantibodies were detected in the sera by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The mean fluorescence intensity of CD55 and CD59 in T and B cells was significantly diminished in SLE patients with lymphopenia when compared with healthy subjects. Interestingly, the opposite was found in T and B cells from non-lymphopenic SLE patients. Although there was no correlation between CD55 and CD59 surface density and the presence of any specificity of the autoantibodies tested, higher titres of anti-dsDNA, anti-SM and anti-ribosomal p antibodies were significantly associated with lymphopenia. The deficiency of CD55 and CD59 expression may play a role in the pathophysiology of lymphopenia, most likely by increasing the susceptibility of cells to complement mediated cytolysis.
Collapse
|
11
|
Poster session 2Morphogenetic mechanisms290MiR-133 regulates retinoic acid pathway during early cardiac chamber specification291Bmp2 regulates atrial differentiation through miR-130 during early heart looping formationDevelopmental genetics294Association of deletion allele of insertion/deletion polymorphism in alpha 2B adrenoceptor gene and hypertension with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus295Association of G1359A polymorphism of the endocannabinoid type 1 receptor (CNR1) with coronary artery disease (CAD) with type 2 diabetes mellitusCell growth, differentiation and stem cells - Vascular298Gamma-secretase inhibitor prevents proliferation and migration of ductus arteriosus smooth muscle cells: a role of Notch signaling in postnatal closure of ductus arteriosus299Mesenchymal stromal-like cells (MLCs) derived from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells: a promising therapeutic option to promote neovascularization300Sonic Hedgehog promotes mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to vascular smooth muscle cells in cardiovacsular disease301Proinflammatory cytokine secretion and epigenetic modification in endothelial cells treated LPS-GinfivalisCell death and apoptosis - Vascular304Mitophagy acts as a safeguard mechanism against human vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis induced by atherogenic lipidsTranscriptional control and RNA species - Vascular307MicroRNA-34a role in vascular calcification308Local delivery of a miR-146a inhibitor utilizing a clinically applicable approach attenuates neointima formation after vascular injury309Long noncoding RNA landscape of hypoxic endothelial cells310Specific circulating microRNAs levels associate with hypertension, hyperglycemia and dysfunctional HDL in acute coronary syndrome patientsCytokines and cellular inflammation - Vascular313Phosphodiesterase5A up-regulation in vascular endothelium under pro-inflammatory conditions: a newly disclosed anti-inflammatory activity for the omega-3polyunsaturated aatty acid docosahexaenoic acid314Cardiovascular risk modifying with extra-low dose anticytokine drugs in rhematoid arthritis315Conversion of human M-CSF macrophages into foam cells reduces their proinflammatory responses to classical M1-polarizing activation316Lymphocytic myocarditis coincides with increased plaque inflammation and plaque hemorrhage in coronary arteries, facilitating myocardial infarction317Serum osteoprotegerin level predictsdeclined numerous of circulating endothelial- derived and mononuclear-derived progenitor cells in patients with metabolic syndromeGrowth factors and neurohormones - Vascular320Effect of gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) on vascular inflammationSignal transduction - Heart323A new synthetic peptide regulates hypertrophy in vitro through means of the inhibition of nfkb324Inducible fibroblast-specific knockout of p38 alpha map kinase is cardioprotective in a mouse model of isoproterenol-induced cardiac hypertrophy325Regulation of beta-adrenoceptor-evoked inotropic responses by inhibitory G protein, adenylyl cyclase isoforms 5 and 6 and phosphodiesterases326Binding to RGS3 and stimulation of M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors modulates the substrate specificity of p190RhoGAP in cardiac myocytes327Cardiac regulation of post-translational modifications, parylation and deacetylation in LMNA dilated cardiomyopathy mouse model328Beta-adrenergic regulation of the b56delta/pp2a holoenzyme in cardiac myocytes through b56delta phosphorylation at serine 573Nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species - Vascular331Oxidative stress-induced miR-200c disrupts the regulatory loop among SIRT1, FOXO1 and eNOS332Antioxidant therapy prevents oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction and Enhances Wound Healing333Morphological and biochemical characterization of red blood cell in coronary artery diseaseCytoskeleton and mechanotransduction - Heart336Novel myosin activator, JSH compounds, increased myocardial contractility without chronotropic effect in ratsExtracellular matrix and fibrosis - Vascular339Ablation of Toll-like receptor 9 causes cardiac rupture after myocardial infarction by attenuating proliferation and differentiation of cardiac fibroblasts340Altered vascular remodeling in the mouse hind limb ischemia model in Factor VII activating protease (FSAP) deficiencyVasculogenesis, angiogenesis and arteriogenesis343Pro-angiogenic effects of proly-hydroxylase inhibitors and their potential for use in a novel strategy of therapeutic angiogenesis for coronary total occlusion344Nrf2 drives angiogenesis in transcription-independent manner: new function of the master regulator of oxidative stress response345Angiogenic gene therapy, despite efficient vascular growth, is not able to improve muscle function in normoxic or chronically ischemic rabbit hindlimbs -role of capillary arterialization and shunting346Effect of PAR-1 inhibition on collateral vessel growth in the murine hind limb model347Quaking is a key regulator of endothelial cell differentiation, neovascularization and angiogenesis348"Emerging angiogenesis" in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). An in vivo study349Exosomes from cardiomyocyte progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells stimulate angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo via EMMPRINEndothelium352Reciprocal regulation of GRK2 and bradykinin receptor stimulation modulate Ca2+ intracellular level in endothelial cells353The roles of bone morphogenetic proteins 9 and 10 in endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis354The contribution of GPR55 to the L-alpha-lysophosphatidylinositol-induced vasorelaxation in isolated human pulmonary arteries355The endothelial protective ACE inhibitor Zofenoprilat exerts anti-inflammatory activities through H2S production356A new class of glycomimetic drugs to prevent free fatty acid-induced endothelial dysfunction357Endothelial progenitor cells to apoptotic endothelial cell-derived microparticles ration differentiatesas preserved from reduced ejection fractionheart failure358Proosteogenic genes are activated in endothelial cells of patients with thoracic aortic aneurysm359Endothelin ETB receptors mediate relaxing responses to insulin in pericardial resistance arteries from patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD)Smooth muscle and pericytes362CX3CR1 positive myeloid cells regulate vascular smooth muscle tone by inducing calcium oscillations via activation of IP3 receptors363A novel function of PI3Kg on cAMP regulation, role in arterial wall hyperplasia through modulation of smooth muscle cells proliferation364NRP1 and NRP2 play important roles in the development of neointimal hyperplasia in vivo365Azithromycin induces autophagy in aortic smooth muscle cellsCoagulation, thrombosis and platelets368The real time in vivo evaluation of platelet-dependent aldosterone prothrombotic action in mice369Development of a method for in vivo detection of active thrombi in mice370The antiplatelet effects of structural analogs of the taurine chloramine371The influence of heparin anticoagulant drugs on functional state of human platelets372Regulation of platelet aggregation and adenosine diphosphate release by d dimer in acute coronary syndrome (in vitro study)Oxygen sensing, ischaemia and reperfusion375Sirtuin 5 mediates brain injury in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion376Abscisic acid: a new player in cardiomyocyte protection from ischaemia?377Protective effects of ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide (PEA-um) in myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion injury in vivo378Identification of stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes using cardiac specific markers and additional testing of these cells in simulated ischemia/reperfusion system379Single-dose intravenous metformin treatment could afford significant protection of the injured rat kidney in an experimental model of ischemia-reperfusion380Cardiotoxicity of long acting muscarinic receptor antagonists used for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease381Dependence antioxidant potential on the concentration of amino acids382The impact of ischemia-reperfusion on physiological parameters,apoptosis and ultrastructure of rabbit myocardium with experimental aterosclerosisMitochondria and energetics385MicroRNA-1 dependent regulation of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) in normal and hypertrophied hearts386Mitochondrial homeostasis and cardioprotection: common targets for desmin and aB-crystallin387Overexpression of mitofusin-2 (Mfn2) and associated mitochondrial dysfunction in the diabetic heart388NO-dependent prevention of permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening by H2S and its regulation of Ca2+ accumulation in rat heart mitochondria389G protein coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is fundamental in recovering mitochondrial morphology and function after exposure to ionizing radiation (IR)Gender issues392Sex differences in pulmonary vascular control; focus on the nitric oxide pathwayAging395Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction develops when feeding western diet to senescence-accelerated mice396Cardiovascular markers as predictors of cognitive decline in elderly hypertensive patients397Changes in connexin43 in old rats with volume overload chronic heart failureGenetics and epigenetics400Calcium content in the aortic valve is associated with 1G>2G matrix metalloproteinase 1 polymorphism401Neuropeptide receptor gene s (NPSR1) polymorphism and sleep disturbances402Endothelin-1 gene Lys198Asn polymorphism in men with essential hypertension complicated and uncomplicated with chronic heart failure403Association of common polymorphisms of the lipoprotein lipase and pon1 genes with the metabolic syndrome in a sample of community participantsGenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics and glycomics405Gene expression quantification using multiplexed color-coded probe pairs to determine RNA content in sporadic cardiac myxoma406Large-scale phosphorylation study of the type 2 diabetic heart subjected to ischemia / reperfusion injury407Transcriptome-based identification of new anti-inflammatory properties of the olive oil hydroxytyrosol in vascular endothelial cell under basal and proinflammatory conditions408Gene polymorphisms combinations and risk of myocardial infarctionComputer modelling, bioinformatics and big data411Comparison of the repolarization reserve in three state-of-the-art models of the human ventricular action potentialMetabolism, diabetes mellitus and obesity414Endothelial monocyte-activating polypeptide-II improves heart function in type -I Diabetes mellitus415Admission glucose level is independent predictor of impaired left ventricular function in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a two dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography study416Association between biochemical markers of lipid profile and inflammatory reaction and stiffness of the vascular wall in hypertensive patients with abdominal obesity417Multiple common co-morbidities produce left ventricular diastolic dysfunction associated with coronary microvascular dysfunction, oxidative stress and myocardial stiffening418Investigating the cardiovascular effects of antiretroviral drugs in a lean and high fat/sucrose diet rat model of obesity419Statins in the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Our experience from a 2-year prospective study in Constanta County, Romania420Epicardial adipose tissue as a predictor of cardiovascular outcome in patients with ACS undergoing PCI?Arterial and pulmonary hypertension423Dependence between heart rhythm disorers and ID polymorphism of ACE gene in hypertensive patients424Molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of Urocortin 2 in pulmonary arterial hypertension425Inhibition of TGf-b axis and action of renin-angiotensin system in human ascending aorta aneurysms426Early signs of microcirculation and macrocirculation abnormalities in prehypertension427Vascular smooth muscle cell-expressed Tie-2 controls vascular tone428Cardiac and vascular remodelling in the development of chronic thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension in a novel swine modelBiomarkers431Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy: a new, non invasive biomarker432Can circulating microRNAs distinguish type 1 and type 2 myocardial infarction?433Design of a high-throughput multiplex proteomics assay to identify left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in diabetes434Monocyte-derived and P-selectin-carrying microparticles are differently modified by a low fat diet in patients with cardiovascular risk factors who will and who will not develop a cardiovascular event435Red blood cell distribution width assessment by polychromatic interference microscopy of thin films in chronic heart failure436Invasive and noninvasive evaluation of quality of radiofrequency-induced cardiac denervation in patients with atrial fibrillation437The effect of therapeutic hypothermia on the level of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in sera following cardiopulmonary resustitation438Novel biomarkers to predict outcome in patients with heart failure and severe aortic stenosis439Biological factors linking depression and anxiety to cardiovascular disease440Troponins and myoglobin dynamic at coronary arteries graftingInvasive, non-invasive and molecular imaging443Diet composition effects on the genetic typing of the mouse ob mutation: a micro-ultrasound characterization of cardiac function, macro and micro circulation and liver steatosis444Characterization of pig coronary and rabbit aortic lesions using IV-OCT quantitative analysis: correlations with histologyGene therapy and cell therapy447Enhancing the survival and angiogenic potential of mouse atrial mesenchymal cells448VCAM-1 expression in experimental myocardial infarction and its relation to bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell retentionTissue engineering451Advanced multi layered scaffold that increases the maturity of stem cell-derived human cardiomyocytes452Response of engineered heart tissue to simulated ischemia/reperfusion in the presence of acute hyperglycemic conditions453Serum albumin hydrogels prevent de-differentiation of neonatal cardiomyocytes454A novel paintbrush technique for transfer of low viscosity ultraviolet light curable cyan methacrylate on saline immersed in-vitro sheep heart. Cardiovasc Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
12
|
Activity and High-Order Effective Connectivity Alterations in Sanfilippo C Patient-Specific Neuronal Networks. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 5:546-57. [PMID: 26411903 PMCID: PMC4625033 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology has been successfully used to recapitulate phenotypic traits of several human diseases in vitro. Patient-specific iPSC-based disease models are also expected to reveal early functional phenotypes, although this remains to be proved. Here, we generated iPSC lines from two patients with Sanfilippo type C syndrome, a lysosomal storage disorder with inheritable progressive neurodegeneration. Mature neurons obtained from patient-specific iPSC lines recapitulated the main known phenotypes of the disease, not present in genetically corrected patient-specific iPSC-derived cultures. Moreover, neuronal networks organized in vitro from mature patient-derived neurons showed early defects in neuronal activity, network-wide degradation, and altered effective connectivity. Our findings establish the importance of iPSC-based technology to identify early functional phenotypes, which can in turn shed light on the pathological mechanisms occurring in Sanfilippo syndrome. This technology also has the potential to provide valuable readouts to screen compounds, which can prevent the onset of neurodegeneration. Fibroblasts from two Sanfilippo C patients were reprogrammed to obtain iPSCs iPSCs were successfully differentiated to neural cells that mimic the disease Networks of patients’ neurons show altered activity and connectivity Early functional phenotypes are prevented in gene-corrected patients’ neurons
Collapse
|
13
|
Disease-specific phenotypes in dopamine neurons from human iPS-based models of genetic and sporadic Parkinson's disease. EMBO Mol Med 2012; 4:380-95. [PMID: 22407749 PMCID: PMC3403296 DOI: 10.1002/emmm.201200215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) offer an unprecedented opportunity to model human disease in relevant cell types, but it is unclear whether they could successfully model age-related diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we generated iPSC lines from seven patients with idiopathic PD (ID-PD), four patients with familial PD associated to the G2019S mutation in the Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene (LRRK2-PD) and four age- and sex-matched healthy individuals (Ctrl). Over long-time culture, dopaminergic neurons (DAn) differentiated from either ID-PD- or LRRK2-PD-iPSC showed morphological alterations, including reduced numbers of neurites and neurite arborization, as well as accumulation of autophagic vacuoles, which were not evident in DAn differentiated from Ctrl-iPSC. Further induction of autophagy and/or inhibition of lysosomal proteolysis greatly exacerbated the DAn morphological alterations, indicating autophagic compromise in DAn from ID-PD- and LRRK2-PD-iPSC, which we demonstrate occurs at the level of autophagosome clearance. Our study provides an iPSC-based in vitro model that captures the patients' genetic complexity and allows investigation of the pathogenesis of both sporadic and familial PD cases in a disease-relevant cell type.
Collapse
|
14
|
A protocol describing the genetic correction of somatic human cells and subsequent generation of iPS cells. Nat Protoc 2010; 5:647-60. [PMID: 20224565 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2010.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The generation of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offers unprecedented opportunities for modeling and treating human disease. In combination with gene therapy, the iPSC technology can be used to generate disease-free progenitor cells of potential interest for autologous cell therapy. We explain a protocol for the reproducible generation of genetically corrected iPSCs starting from the skin biopsies of Fanconi anemia patients using retroviral transduction with OCT4, SOX2 and KLF4. Before reprogramming, the fibroblasts and/or keratinocytes of the patients are genetically corrected with lentiviruses expressing FANCA. The same approach may be used for other diseases susceptible to gene therapy correction. Genetically corrected, characterized lines of patient-specific iPSCs can be obtained in 4-5 months.
Collapse
|
15
|
Reprogramming of human fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells under xeno-free conditions. Stem Cells 2010; 28:36-44. [PMID: 19890879 DOI: 10.1002/stem.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The availability of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has created extraordinary opportunities for modeling and perhaps treating human disease. However, all reprogramming protocols used to date involve the use of products of animal origin. Here, we set out to develop a protocol to generate and maintain human iPSC that would be entirely devoid of xenobiotics. We first developed a xeno-free cell culture media that supported the long-term propagation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to a similar extent as conventional media containing animal origin products or commercially available xeno-free medium. We also derived primary cultures of human dermal fibroblasts under strict xeno-free conditions (XF-HFF), and we show that they can be used as both the cell source for iPSC generation as well as autologous feeder cells to support their growth. We also replaced other reagents of animal origin (trypsin, gelatin, matrigel) with their recombinant equivalents. Finally, we used vesicular stomatitis virus G-pseudotyped retroviral particles expressing a polycistronic construct encoding Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and GFP to reprogram XF-HFF cells under xeno-free conditions. A total of 10 xeno-free human iPSC lines were generated, which could be continuously passaged in xeno-free conditions and maintained characteristics indistinguishable from hESCs, including colony morphology and growth behavior, expression of pluripotency-associated markers, and pluripotent differentiation ability in vitro and in teratoma assays. Overall, the results presented here demonstrate that human iPSCs can be generated and maintained under strict xeno-free conditions and provide a path to good manufacturing practice (GMP) applicability that should facilitate the clinical translation of iPSC-based therapies.
Collapse
|
16
|
Inflammatory profile in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with central neuropsychiatric lupus, with and without associated factors. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2009; 48:1615-6. [PMID: 19755508 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kep297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
17
|
P-glycoprotein activity in renal clear cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol 2009; 27:363-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2008.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2007] [Revised: 01/24/2008] [Accepted: 01/25/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
18
|
Quantitative and qualitative normal regulatory T cells are not capable of inducing suppression in SLE patients due to T-cell resistance. Lupus 2008; 17:289-94. [PMID: 18413409 DOI: 10.1177/0961203307088307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports have suggested that regulatory T cells (Treg) are abnormal in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In the present work, we quantified CD4+FOXP3+ Treg cells in patients with SLE and found no quantitative alterations. However, we found a clear defect in suppression assays. Surprisingly, SLE-derived Treg cells exhibited a normal phenotype and functional capacity. Conversely, SLE-derived CD4+CD25(-) effector T cells resisted suppression by autologous and allogeneic regulatory cells. Our findings strongly suggest that the defect in T-cell suppression observed in SLE is because of effector cell resistance and not because of an abnormal regulatory function.
Collapse
|
19
|
Lupus nephritis remission, albeit with positive anti-doping test. Joint Bone Spine 2007; 74:96-7. [PMID: 17254825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2005.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2005] [Accepted: 11/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 39-year-old woman developed systemic lupus erythematosus with nephropathy after a holiday in Jamaica. She was prescribed with prednisone, azathioprine and aspirin. As she was obsessed with aesthetic procedures, she decided not to take the prescription. Instead, she took her bodybuilding trainer's advice of one intramuscular injection of stanozolol for 10 weeks in order to increase her gluteus area. One week after finishing the latter regimen, there was no disease activity. Whether lupus remission in this patient was spontaneous or a consequence of stanozolol administration will remain a riddle for this fortunate outcome.
Collapse
|
20
|
Interleukin-6 and chemokines in the neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 56:1242-50. [PMID: 17393453 DOI: 10.1002/art.22451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define the cytokine and chemokine profile in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE). METHODS Forty-two SLE patients who had been hospitalized because of NP manifestations were studied. Patients were evaluated at hospitalization and 6 months later; a CSF sample was obtained at each evaluation. As controls, CSF from 6 SLE patients with septic meningitis, 16 SLE patients with no history of NP manifestations (non-NPSLE), and 25 patients with nonautoimmune diseases were also studied. Soluble molecules, including cytokines (interleukin-2 [IL-2], IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFalpha], and interferon-gamma [IFNgamma]) and chemokines (monocyte chemotactic protein 1 [MCP-1], RANTES, IL-8, monokine induced by IFNgamma [MIG], and interferon-gamma-inducible 10-kd protein [IP-10]), were measured with the use of cytometric bead array kits. RESULTS CSF levels of the following molecules were significantly increased in NPSLE patients as compared with non-NPSLE and nonautoimmune diseases control patients, respectively: IL-6 (32.7 versus 3.0 and 2.96 pg/ml), IL-8 (102.8 versus 29.97 and 19.7 pg/ml), IP-10 (888.2 versus 329.7 [P not significant] and 133.6 pg/ml), RANTES (3.8 versus 2.5 and 2.2 pg/ml), MCP-1 (401.7 versus 257.9 [P not significant] and 136.9 pg/ml), and MIG (35.4 versus 11.4 and 3.5 pg/ml). Low levels of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, TNFalpha, and IFNgamma were found in all groups. All cytokines and chemokines, except TNFalpha, were significantly higher among the SLE patients with septic meningitis than among the NPSLE patients. Six months later and in the absence of NP manifestations, all elevated molecule levels, except RANTES, in patients with NPSLE had decreased significantly, and no differences were noted between the NPSLE and non-NPSLE groups. CONCLUSION A central nervous system response composed of IL-6 and chemokines, but not Th1/Th2 cytokines, is associated with NP manifestations in SLE patients.
Collapse
|
21
|
Human leukocyte antigen class I, class II, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha polymorphisms in a healthy elder Mexican Mestizo population. IMMUNITY & AGEING 2005; 2:13. [PMID: 16269080 PMCID: PMC1291388 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4933-2-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2005] [Accepted: 11/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background There is strong evidence that an individual's genetic background is an important predisposing factor to longevity. In the present study we analysed the frequency of HLA class I, class II, as well as the TNF-α -308 polymorphism that may be related to an increased life span in Mexican Mestizo healthy elders. Results HLA typing was performed by polymerase chain reaction sequence specific oligonucleotide (PCR SSO) reverse dot blot. The TNF-α -308 polymorphism was assessed by PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism. A significant increased frequency of HLA-DRB1*11 was found in elderly women whereas this allele was not present in elderly males. The TNF2 allele was also increased in the elder group when compared to young controls. The frequencies of the remaining alleles tested were not statistically different among groups. Conclusion These data suggest an ethnicity independent tendency of HLA-DRB1*11 in elder females to increase life span and a possible role of the TNF2 allele with the successful remodelling of senescent immune system.
Collapse
|
22
|
The gut: beyond immunology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 1:121-8. [PMID: 21794247 DOI: 10.1016/s1699-258x(05)72725-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2005] [Accepted: 03/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The immune system is characterized by the ability to distinguish self from non-self. The intestinal immune system bears this latter property but, furthermore, it must discriminate among nutritious and beneficial substances from toxic or harmful ones. Considering that the gut has to be colonized by commensal bacteria participating in digestion as well as in the control of pathogen microorganisms, it is not surprising that mucosal surfaces are the largest and probably the most exquisitely specialized immune system's compartment. This means that not only innate and adaptive immunity are present, but further, particular structures, cells, and mechanisms such as physical barrriers, epithelia, Peyer's patches, M cells among others, which together are involved in the dynamic control of the homeostasis between gut and its flora. The present review deals with some popular conceptions about the digestive system with particular emphasis on the gut's immunology.
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Multidrug resistance-1 (MDR-1) is characterized by overfunction of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), a pump molecule that decreases intracellular drug concentration by effluxing them from the intracellular space. Broad ranges of structurally unrelated compounds are transported by P-gp, including antineoplastic agents, HIV protease inhibitors, prednisone, gold salts, methotrexate, colchicine as well as several antibiotics. In contrast, many other compounds such as calcium channel blockers (verapamil) and immunosupressors (cyclosporine-A) are able to inhibit P-gp function. The P-gp role in therapeutic failures has been extensively studied in cancer; however, there is little information regarding MDR-1 phenotype in autoimmune disorders. It has been reported that an increased number of lymphocytes are able to extrude P-gp substrates in rheumatoid arthritis, immune thrombocytopenic purpura and systemic lupus erythematosus, the patients with poor response to treatment being the ones that exhibit the highest values. This may be due, at least in part, to a simultaneous long-term usage of several drugs that induce P-gp function. Since abnormally activated cell compartments characterize autoimmune diseases, it is possible that those cells are the ones that exhibit drug resistance. The study of drug resistance mechanisms in autoimmunity may be helpful for the optimization of the current therapeutic schemes through their combination with low doses of P-gp inhibitors.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/immunology
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Calcium Channel Blockers/metabolism
- Calcium Channel Blockers/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance, Multiple/immunology
- HIV Protease Inhibitors/metabolism
- HIV Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Immunosuppressive Agents/metabolism
- Immunosuppressive Agents/therapeutic use
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Lymphocyte Activation/physiology
- Lymphocytes/immunology
- Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/drug therapy
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/immunology
- Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/metabolism
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND : Renal biopsy is an important tool in devising an adequate treatment plan for lupus nephritis. However, it is not always possible to perform a biopsy, and in many cases, treatment must rely exclusively on clinical data. OBJECTIVE : The aim of this study was to compare the 5-year course of patients treated without a biopsy with another group with histologic evidence of diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (DPGN). METHODS : The no-biopsy group consisted of 30 patients with lupus with strong clinical and laboratory suspicion of proliferative glomerulonephritis in whom a renal biopsy was unavailable either because of medical contraindication or the patient's refusal. The biopsy group included 30 patients undergoing biopsy and a histologic diagnosis of DPGN. Patients were followed from the onset of nephritis and at 18, 36, and 60 months. RESULTS : At onset, the no-biopsy group showed lower C3 levels and higher proteinuria, although both groups showed evident deterioration of the renal function. No significant differences were found in treatment, outcome, survival, renal function tests, or in the development of kidney failure. CONCLUSIONS : Proliferative glomerulonephritis deserves prompt diagnosis and treatment. This study demonstrates that experience in the management of lupus nephropathy, together with clinical and laboratory data, are often enough information to adequately treat proliferative glomerulonephritis even in the absence of a renal biopsy.
Collapse
|
25
|
Multidrug resistance-1 (MDR-1) in autoimmune disorders IV. P-glycoprotein overfunction in lymphocytes from myasthenia gravis patients. Biomed Pharmacother 2004; 58:320-4. [PMID: 15194168 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2004.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) mechanisms have been widely studied in cancer. Among them, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) overfunction has been associated with resistance to several antineoplastic agents. The physiological role of P-gp involves hormone and metabolite secretion, bacterial product detoxification, and transport of several drugs to the extracellular space, thus inhibiting their toxic or therapeutic effects. The study of MDR-1 in diseases of autoimmune origin has just recently emerged. Corticosteroids remain the mainstay therapy for autoimmune diseases. As prednisone (PDN) is transported by P-gp, the aim of this study was to evaluate the P-gp function in lymphocytes from myasthenia gravis (MG) patients. Thirty MG patients and 25 healthy controls were studied. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by gradient centrifugation and incubated with daunorubicin (DNR) (a fluorescent drug extruded by P-gp). Functional activity of P-gp was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results were expressed as percentage of gated lymphocytes able to efflux DNR. Overall, MG patients showed increased numbers of lymphocytes with functional P-gp activity when compared with controls (x = 4.92 +/- 5.26% vs. x = 0.7 +/- 0.48%, respectively) (P < 0.0001). When patients were classified as responders (n = 21) or refractory (n = 9) to treatment, the latter group exhibited higher values of functional P-gp (x = 10.18 +/- 6.39%) when compared to the responder group (x = 2.66 +/- 2.45%) (P = 0.0076). These data suggest, on the one hand, that drug resistance may be induced by long-term treatment or by high PDN doses and, on the other, emphasize the need for the study of P-gp antagonists in order to improve the current therapeutical schemes for the treatment of MG.
Collapse
|
26
|
Effect of rapamycin on cytokine profile in kidney transplant recipients treated with triple drug therapy. Transplant Proc 2004; 36:1661-3. [PMID: 15350444 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2004.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to explore differences in the cytokine profile among de novo kidney transplant recipients treated with either Rapamycin (Rapa) + cyclosporine (CsA) + prednisone (P) or CsA + azathioprine (Aza) + P. PATIENTS AND METHODS Among the 13 adult kidney transplant recipients studied, seven received Rapa + CsA + P while the remaining six received CsA + Aza + P with their living donors serving as controls (n = 13). Spontaneous production of IL-2, IFNgamma, IL-10, and TGF-beta were measured by ELISA in supernatants from 24-hour cultured unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) at time zero (the day before the transplant), and at 3 and 6 months posttransplant. Cytokines were also measured 1 month after CsA withdrawal in the Rapa + CsA + P group. RESULTS From time zero to the end of the study, IL-2, IFNgamma, and IL-10 were present at low or undetectable levels in all three groups. TGF-beta tended to increase in supernatants from patients under Rapa + CsA + P at 6 months posttransplant and at 1 month after CsA withdrawal without correlation to Rapa blood levels. TGF-beta remained stable throughout the study period for patients included in the CsA + Aza + P group. There was no difference in this cytokine level between these study groups at any given time. CONCLUSIONS This study showed no differences in the spontaneous cytokine profiles evaluated in patients treated with both therapeutic schemes.
Collapse
|
27
|
Class I and class II MHC polymorphisms in Mexican patients with Behçet’s disease. Immunol Lett 2004; 93:211-5. [PMID: 15158619 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2004.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2004] [Revised: 03/25/2004] [Accepted: 03/27/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Behçet's disease is a multi-system inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology. The disease is more prevalent in Eastern Mediterranean countries and Japan where there is a linkage to HLA-B51. Mexican Mestizos are suitable subjects for studying the role of ethnicity in the susceptibility to Behçet's disease. High-resolution HLA class I and class II typing was performed by polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific oligonucleotide (PCR-SSO) reverse dot blot and PCR-single-strand polymorphism in 32 patients with Behçet's disease and 99 healthy ethnically-matched controls. A significant increased frequency of HLA-B(*)44 (P = 0.02; OR = 2.78; CI 95% = 1.1-7.7), HLA-B(*)52 (P = 0.02; OR = 5.33; CI 95% = 1.07-29.1), and HLA-B(*)56 (P = 0.003; OR = 4.19; CI 95% = 3.37-5.21) as well as HLA-DRB1(*)01 and HLA-DRB1(*)13 (p = 0.007; OR = 3.36; CI 95% = 1.22-9.27) was found in Mexican patients with Behçet's disease when compared to controls. The low frequency of native markers in Mexican Mestizo patients with Behçet's disease suggests that genetic admixture between Eastern Mediterraneans and Orientals with Amerindians is a recent event that increased the risk of developing Behçet's disease in the Mexican population.
Collapse
|
28
|
In vivo IL-10 and TGF-beta production by PBMC from long-term kidney transplant recipients with excellent graft function: a possible feedback mechanism participating in immunological stability. Clin Transplant 2004; 18:174-8. [PMID: 15016132 DOI: 10.1046/j.1399-0012.2003.00149.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) are Th2-derived multifunctional cytokines that exhibit potent immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties which might prolong graft survival. The aim of this study was to explore whether spontaneous production of IL-10 and TGF-beta by blood mononuclear cells correlates with excellent long-term graft function. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out in 32 kidney transplant recipients, without albuminuria, treated with azathioprine and prednisone. Spontaneous IL-10 and TGF-beta were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in supernatants from 24 h cultured unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Both cytokines were also determined in 10 healthy kidney donors. RESULTS There was no correlation between IL-10 or TGF-beta with any variable tested, namely age, SCr, histocompatibility, and post-transplant follow-up. In vivo IL-10 production displayed a statistical trend to be higher in transplant recipients than in controls (362.3 +/- 465, range 12.5-1929.3 pg/ml, and 189 +/- 170, range 4.17-485.7 pg/ml, respectively; p = 0.08), whereas no difference was observed in TGF-beta among the same groups (134.7 +/- 79.2, range 68-421 pg/ml, and 121.4 +/- 25.8, range 75-151 pg/ml, respectively). Interestingly, a statistically significant inverse correlation was observed between IL-10 and TGF-beta in kidney transplant recipients (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The higher IL-10 production observed in long-term kidney transplant recipients supports the notion that this cytokine contributes in decreasing allogenic immune responses and allows prolongation of allograft survival. The balance between TGF-beta and IL-10 may be of paramount importance in graft acceptance.
Collapse
|
29
|
Weekly leflunomide as monotherapy for recent-onset rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2004; 51:147-8. [PMID: 14872469 DOI: 10.1002/art.20080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
30
|
Abstract
Little is known about the immune system of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) during periods of silent disease. To address this issue we analysed lymphoid populations andcytokine production of mononuclear cells obtained from SLE patients in remission. We studied 43 patients with inactive disease, 10 with active disease and 30 controls. Remission was defined as at least 1 year during which lack of clinical disease activity permitted withdrawal of all treatment. Remission length ranged from 1 to 30 years. Flow cytometry and ELISA were used to study lymphoid populations (CD4, CD8 and CD19) and cytokine production (IL-2, 4, 10, 12 and 18). Patients with short remission periods (up to 15 years) exhibited an increased percentage of B cells; production of IL-2, IL-10 and IL-12 was decreased; production of IL-18 was increased. Interestingly, patients from groups with long time of inactive disease had corrected most alterations, but had an impaired IL-18 expression. IL-12 production correlated strongly with the length of the remission period (r = 0.7565). The immune system of patients with inactive lupus has partially corrected the disturbances present during disease activity. This is accomplished gradually, sometimes until counter-regulatory alterations are developed. This may allow patients to remain without disease activity.
Collapse
|
31
|
P-glycoprotein in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s1568-9972(03)00106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
32
|
Abstract
Atypical chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) expressing the CD8 antigen have a frequency of less than 0.5% of all cases, however, they are not yet been fully characterized. Herein a CD8+ CLL case was extensively studied. Besides the classical CLL antigen expression, an unusual presence of surface markers such as CD11c, CD56, and CD154 was observed. Moreover, gene expression of chemokine receptors belonging to the CCR family were clearly evidenced as well as mRNA for both, Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Likewise, granzyme A, B and perforin gene expression, cytotoxic T cell or NK enzymes were found. The intricate profile of membrane molecules and gene expression suggest that it could be favorable, rather than deletereous, for the maintainance of the neoplastic process.
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
CD55 and CD59 are glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins with complement inhibitory properties. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) has been associated with antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of APLA and its possible correlation with diminished CD55 and CD59 in red blood cells from patients with primary AIHA or secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Flow cytometric analyses were performed on CD55 and CD59 stained erythrocytes from 24 patients (primary AIHA, n=8; AIHA plus SLE, n=11; and SLE without AIHA, n=5) and 20 healthy controls. Antibodies to several phospholipids were detected in the sera by ELISA. Most patients with AIHA plus SLE and few with primary AIHA showed deficiency of either or both CD55 and CD59 expression and was not associated to the presence of APLA, while SLE patients exhibited a normal expression of these molecules. Although our findings showed CD55 and CD59 deficiency in primary or secondary AIHA, it appears that this defect plays a facilitator rather than a triggering role for the hemolytic process. Additionally, a role of anti-phospholipid antibodies as causative of this acquired defect is questionable.
Collapse
|
34
|
Multidrug resistance-1 (MDR-1) in autoimmune disorders III: increased P-glycoprotein activity in lymphocytes from immune thrombocytopenic purpura patients. Exp Hematol 2003; 31:483-7. [PMID: 12829023 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(03)00074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression has been widely observed in normal and neoplastic cells. The physiologic role of P-gp involves hormone and metabolite secretion, bacterial product detoxification, and transport of several drugs to the extracellular space. Multidrug resistance-1 is characterized by drug extrusion through P-gp, reducing the intracellular levels of drugs and diminishing their pharmacological effects. Treatment of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) includes agents that are substrates of P-gp; hence, the objective of this study was to analyze the functional activity of P-gp in lymphocytes from patients with ITP. PATIENTS AND METHODS 30 ITP patients (9 refractory, 5 dependent, 14 responders to treatment, and 2 with stable disease) and 25 healthy controls were studied. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by gradient centrifugation and incubated with daunorubicin (a fluorescent drug extruded by P-gp). Functional activity of P-gp was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results were expressed as the percentage of lymphocytes able to extrude daunorubicin. RESULTS ITP patients showed an increased number of lymphocytes with P-gp activity (mean=12.3%+/-16%) when compared to controls (mean=0.87%+/-0.72%) (p<0.05). P-gp function was higher in the refractory group (median=9.4%) than in the treatment-dependent (median=5.4%), responder (median=6.4%), and stable disease (median=5.2%) groups, although no statistical differences were found among them. CONCLUSION Enhanced P-gp activity in ITP may be related to an unfavorable clinical outcome and poor response to treatment. Furthermore, P-gp function might affect therapeutic requirements for disease control.
Collapse
|
35
|
|
36
|
Weekly dose of leflunomide for the treatment of refractory rheumatoid arthritis: an open pilot comparative study. Joint Bone Spine 2002; 69:307-11. [PMID: 12102278 DOI: 10.1016/s1297-319x(02)00397-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the therapeutic effect of leflunomide in weekly dose of 100 mg in patients with refractory rheumatoid arthritis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixteen patients were included (18-72 years, disease duration 2-32 years). Eight patients received a weekly dose of 100 mg of leflunomide and 8 the conventional dose. Current treatment was not modified. All patients underwent a monthly evaluation for one year, applying the 1995 ACR preliminary definition of improvement in rheumatoid arthritis. RESULTS After 2 months, the group treated with the conventional leflunomide dose evidenced a remarkable improvement (7/8 patients achieving ACR 20), while the group receiving the weekly dose, the improvement was not as clearly evident (3/8 patients achieving ACR 20). By the fourth to sixth month, the response was comparable on both groups (6/6 and 6/8 patients achieving ACR 50 in the daily and weekly dose, respectively) and prevailed through the end of the study. There were no statistical differences between groups at any evaluation. Side effects made itself clear in 6 patients in the daily leflunomide group, and 2 patients withdrawn leflunomide because severe gastrointestinal symptoms and hepatotoxicity, respectively. In the group of weekly leflunomide 2 patients presented side effects which disappeared spontaneously. CONCLUSION The use of leflunomide in a weekly dose of 100 mg proved to have similar therapeutic benefit as that of the conventional scheme and might represent a new option for the treatment of refractory rheumatoid arthritis patients.
Collapse
|
37
|
Systemic lupus erythematosus with thyroiditis: a therapeutic dilemma? Clin Exp Rheumatol 2002; 20:114-5. [PMID: 11892696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
|
38
|
[Multidrug resistance: a century after "606"]. REVISTA DE INVESTIGACION CLINICA; ORGANO DEL HOSPITAL DE ENFERMEDADES DE LA NUTRICION 2001; 53:444-51. [PMID: 11795110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Adult
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
- Arsphenamine/history
- Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy
- Calcium Channel Blockers/pharmacology
- Calcium Channel Blockers/therapeutic use
- Drug Resistance
- Drug Resistance, Multiple
- Drug Synergism
- Female
- Genes, MDR
- History, 19th Century
- History, 20th Century
- Humans
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy
- Prednisone/therapeutic use
- Rheumatic Diseases/drug therapy
- Verapamil/pharmacology
- Verapamil/therapeutic use
Collapse
|
39
|
Bacterial DNA in synovial fluid cells of patients with juvenile onset spondyloarthropathies. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2001; 40:920-7. [PMID: 11511762 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/40.8.920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify bacterial DNA in synovial fluid cells of patients with active juvenile onset spondyloarthropathy (SpA). METHODS The main group of study constituted 22 patients with juvenile onset SpA. In addition, five patients with adult onset SpA and nine with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were studied. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with either genus- or species-specific primers was performed on synovial fluid cells to detect DNA sequences of Chlamydia trachomatis, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., Campylobacter sp. and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The presence of antibacterial antibodies in sera and synovial fluid was also determined by enzyme-linked immunoassay. RESULTS The synovial fluid of nine patients with juvenile onset SpA, three with adult onset SpA and one with RA contained bacterial DNA. Five juvenile onset SpA samples had DNA of one single bacterium; two juvenile onset SpA and three adult onset SpA had DNA of two bacteria and two juvenile onset SpA had DNA of three bacteria. Overall, Salmonella sp. DNA was detected in seven synovial fluid samples, Shigella sp., Campylobacter sp. and M. tuberculosis were found in four samples each, and C. trachomatis was found in two. The bacterial DNA findings correlated with neither diagnosis nor disease duration. One RA synovial fluid had DNA of Campylobacter sp. Neither serum nor synovial fluid antibacterial antibodies correlated with DNA findings or clinical diagnosis. CONCLUSION In this study, single and several combinations of bacterial DNA were identified in the synovial fluid of patients with long-term undifferentiated and definite juvenile onset SpA and adult onset SpA. Of relevance is that bacterial DNA corresponds to bacteria producing endemic disease in our population.
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Immune imbalance in SLE increases the susceptibility to infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze several mechanisms related to non-specific immunity in this autoimmune disorder. We studied in vivo CD11b expression, phagocytosis, and chemotaxis in polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) from SLE patients. All tests were also performed under hrIL-8 stimulating conditions and analyzed by flow cytometry. Intracellular leucocyte (monocytes and PMN) enzyme activity was evaluated using specific substrates for cathepsin B and D, collagenase, and oxidative burst by flow cytoenzymology. An exaggerated in vivo CD11b expression was observed on PMN from SLE patients without noticeably in vitro effect upon hrIL-8. Similarly both, phagocytosis and chemotaxis were diminished and showed no response to hrIL-8 stimulation. The opposite was found in PMN from controls. Intracellular enzyme activity was comparable between groups as far as cathepsin B and D are concerned. A tendency of decreased oxidative-burst induction was noted in monocytes and PMN from SLE patients, whereas collagenase activity was found clearly increased in both leucocyte subpopulations. Our results may represent a deficient ability of the innate immune mechanisms for the clearance of infectious agents, immune complexes, satisfactory resolution of inflammatory processes and tissue repair in SLE.
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Innate immune response mechanisms in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus patients assessed by flow cytoenzymology. Immunol Lett 2000; 74:239-44. [PMID: 11064109 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(00)00255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that infections in patients with diabetes mellitus are more severe, although there is controversy for increased susceptibility to them. Non-specific immune response mechanisms could be related to defense and/or susceptibility to pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of several enzymes involved in the primary host defense mechanisms in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Twenty NIDDM females with a mean HbA(1c) level of 8.19% were included. No patient had clinical evidence of infection. As controls 20 healthy females were studied. The enzymes tested were dipeptidyl-peptidase I (DPP-I), cathepsin B and D, NADPH oxidase and superoxide dismutase (oxidative burst) and collagenase. Isolated leukocytes were incubated with the specific substrates in pyrogen free conditions. The intracellular enzyme activity was analyzed by flow cytometry. Collagenase enzymatic activity was similar in the three leukocyte subpopulations studied. Oxidative burst induction in monocytes was comparable between both groups. Enzyme activity of cathepsin B and D in all cell subsets, oxidative burst in PMN cells, and DPP-I in lymphocytes and monocytes from patients, was higher than those from healthy females (P<0.05). Overall, our findings demonstrate an enhanced functional status of several intracellular leukocyte enzymes in NIDDM. Furthermore, the increased oxidative burst induction and the consequent production of free radicals, may contribute to vascular complications. Other mechanisms - either from the non-specific or specific immune response - deserve investigation to establish if diabetic patients are more susceptible to infectious diseases.
Collapse
|
43
|
Clinical and biologic effects of anti-interleukin-10 monoclonal antibody administration in systemic lupus erythematosus. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2000; 43:1790-800. [PMID: 10943869 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200008)43:8<1790::aid-anr15>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and clinical efficacy of administering an anti-interleukin-10 (anti-IL-10) monoclonal antibody (mAb) to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with active and steroid-dependent disease. In addition, we sought to assess the effects of in vivo IL-10 neutralization on biologic markers of SLE. METHODS Treatment consisted of 20 mg/day intravenous administration of an anti-IL-10 murine mAb (B-N10) for 21 consecutive days, with a followup period of 6 months. Six patients were studied. RESULTS Treatment was safe and well tolerated. All patients developed antibodies against B-N10. Cutaneous lesions and joint symptoms improved in all patients beginning during B-N10 administration and continuing to month 6. The SLE Disease Activity Index decreased from a mean +/- SEM of 8.83+/-0.91 on day 1 to 3.67+/-0.67 on day 21 (P = 0.001), 1.50+/-0.84 at month 2, and 1.33+/-0.80 at month 6 (P<0.001). At the end of followup, the disease was clinically inactive in 5 of the 6 patients. Prednisone administration was decreased from a mean +/- SEM of 27.9+/-5.7 mg/day on day 1 to 9.6+/-2.0 mg/day at month 6 (P<0.005). Activity of immune and endothelial cells rapidly decreased, as assessed by the early evolution of several biologic markers. CONCLUSION This is the first report of IL-10 antagonist administration to humans. The study shows the involvement of IL-10 in the pathogenesis of SLE, and indicates that the use of IL-10 antagonists may be beneficial in the management of refractory SLE.
Collapse
|
44
|
High prevalence of protein-dependent and protein-independent antiphospholipid and other autoantibodies in healthy elders. Thromb Res 2000; 99:129-33. [PMID: 10946086 DOI: 10.1016/s0049-3848(00)00243-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
45
|
Multidrug resistance-1 (MDR-1) in rheumatic autoimmune disorders. Part II: Increased P-glycoprotein activity in lymphocytes from systemic lupus erythematosus patients might affect steroid requirements for disease control. Joint Bone Spine 2000; 67:40-8. [PMID: 10773967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over-expression of the membrane glycoprotein called P-glycoprotein has been widely observed in a variety of both normal and neoplastic cells. P-glycoprotein is a pump molecule that transports hydrophobic drugs (including steroids) and toxins outside the cells, thus inhibiting their therapeutic or toxic effects. The gene encoding P-glycoprotein is named multidrug resistance-1 (MDR-1). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the functional activity of P-glycoprotein in lymphocytes and monocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. METHODS 30 systemic lupus erythematosus patients and 20 healthy controls were studied. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated by gradient centrifugation were incubated in the presence of daunorubicin (a fluorescent drug extruded by P-glycoprotein) at 37 degrees C or 4 degrees C for 30 min. P-glycoprotein activity was then analyzed using flow cytometry. Results were expressed as the percentage of lymphocytes or monocytes with high P-glycoprotein activity (i.e., low fluorescence). RESULTS Mean fluorescence values for lymphocytes and monocytes were comparable between patients and healthy controls. However, because our method allowed to measure P-glycoprotein function at the single-cell level, we were able to show that the mean percentage of lymphocytes with high P-glycoprotein activity was increased in the patients (11.51% +/- 14.3%) as compared to the healthy controls (0.71% +/- 0.57%) (P < 0.05). Moreover, P-glycoprotein activity was lower in the patients in clinical remission than in those with active disease. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that P-glycoprotein function might affect glucocorticoid requirements in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/biosynthesis
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Cell Count
- Daunorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Multiple
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Genes, MDR
- Humans
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/blood
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/physiopathology
- Lymphocytes/cytology
- Lymphocytes/drug effects
- Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Male
- Monocytes/cytology
- Monocytes/drug effects
- Monocytes/metabolism
- Prednisone/therapeutic use
- Severity of Illness Index
- Verapamil/therapeutic use
Collapse
|
46
|
Multidrug resistance-1 (MDR-1) in rheumatic autoimmune disorders. Part I: Increased P-glycoprotein activity in lymphocytes from rheumatoid arthritis patients might influence disease outcome. Joint Bone Spine 2000; 67:30-9. [PMID: 10773966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug resistance (MDR) is characterized by overexpression of P-glycoprotein, a pump molecule that decreases intracellular drug concentrations by increasing drug efflux from cells. OBJECTIVE To look for correlations between clinical status and P-glycoprotein activity and/or TNF-alpha mRNA levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS Sixteen patients were studied. Based on response to therapy, eight were refractory and eight nonrefractory to treatment. Findings were compared to those in 24 healthy controls. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate P-glycoprotein activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated by gradient centrifugation and incubated with the P-glycoprotein substrate daunorubicin. TNF-alpha mRNA levels were determined using quantitative PCR. RESULTS Patients with rheumatoid arthritis showed an increased number of lymphocytes with high P-glycoprotein activity (p = 0.0001) as compared to the normal controls. P-glycoprotein activity was higher in the refractory than in the non-refractory patient subgroup (p = 0.006). Also, TNF-alpha mRNA levels were markedly higher in the refractory subgroup than in the nonrefractory subgroup, and were undetectable in the normal controls. CONCLUSIONS Enhanced P-glycoprotein activity may be closely related to an unfavorable clinical course and a poor response to treatment. Increased TNF-alpha expression and chronic exposure to various drugs, including glucocorticoids, may contribute to increase P-glycoprotein activity. Both high P-glycoprotein activity and excessive amounts of TNF-alpha seem associated with poor outcome in rheumatoid arthritis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Adult
- Aged
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/physiopathology
- Cell Count
- Cells, Cultured
- DNA Primers/chemistry
- Daunorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Multiple
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Genes, MDR
- Humans
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
Collapse
|
47
|
Possible role of interleukin-10 in autoantibody production and in the fate of human cord blood CD5+ B lymphocytes. Scand J Immunol 1999; 49:629-32. [PMID: 10354374 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1999.00545.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mononuclear cell subsets in 25 human umbilical cord blood samples and 10 healthy adults were studied. We found a decreased percentage of CD3+ cells, CD8+ cells and gammadelta T cells in cord blood compared with blood from healthy adults. The CD16+56+ and CD19+CD5+ phenotypes were overexpressed in cord blood. We then measured spontaneous gene expression and the production of interleukin-10 in mononuclear cells from cord blood and adult subjects. Although we found no difference between cord blood cells and those from healthy adults, a tendency towards spontaneous interleukin-10 production was observed in cord blood. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulation revealed that, among lymphocytes, cord blood B cells are the main cellular source of interleukin-10. Finally, we found no evidence of augmented spontaneous apoptosis but an increased bcl-2 gene expression in non-T cells from cord blood. Interleukin-10 might protect CD19+CD5+ B cells from apoptosis by inducing bcl-2 and promoting autoantibody production in this B-cell subpopulation.
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
The incidence of infectious diseases increases with ageing. The enzymatic activity of leucocytes may have a relevant role in the morbidity and mortality due to infections in the elderly. In this study we have compared the activity of enzymes involved in the inflammatory response in leucocytes from young and elderly women. A total of 35 healthy females was studied, 20 volunteers aged 78-98 years (mean 89.1 years) and 15 young controls aged 19-34 years (mean 26 years). All of them were in good clinical condition, without any acute or chronic disease. Intracellular enzyme activity was analysed by flow cytometry in leucocytes from young and elderly women. The enzyme substrates employed were for oxidative burst, L-aminopeptidase, collagenase, cathepsin B, C, D and, G and dipeptidyl peptidase I. The intracellular enzyme activity assessed by flow cytometry in leucocytes from young and elderly women was similar, as far as oxidative burst, L-aminopeptidase, cathepsin B, C, D and G are concerned. An increased collagenase activity was detected in granulocytes from elders. The mean fluorescence channels for this enzyme corresponded to 86 +/- 23 and 60 +/- 15 in cells from elders and controls, respectively (P = 0.01224). An increased dipeptidyl peptidase I activity was detected in lymphocytes from elderly women. The corresponding values for this enzyme in elders and the young were 65.9 +/- 43.3 and 17.3 +/- 5, respectively (P = 0. 0036). The proper functional activity of intracellular enzymes involved in inflammatory responses is likely to be determinant for successful ageing.
Collapse
|
49
|
Differential oncogene and TNF-alpha mRNA expression in bone marrow cells from systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Scand J Immunol 1998; 48:551-6. [PMID: 9822266 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.1998.00427.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the bone marrow expression of genes involved in cell growth and apoptosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Spontaneous expression of bcl-2, bax, c-myc. c-fos, c-jun, p53, Fas and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha by bone marrow cells was measured using either semiquantitative or quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in SLE patients (n = 8) and in eight normal control subjects. The expression of bcl-2 was found to be higher in SLE patients than in controls. Bone marrow cells from SLE patients showed significant down-regulation of bax, c-myc, c-fos and p53 (P < or = 0.05), as compared to normal controls. In both SLE patients and controls the expression of c-jun and Fas was very low or undetectable. Finally, TNF-alpha gene expression was higher in bone marrow samples from SLE patients than in those of controls (P= 0.01). The abnormal expression of genes regulating cell growth and apoptosis in bone marrow cells from SLE patients may help explain the presence of autoreactive cells in secondary lymphoid organs and peripheral blood of SLE patients.
Collapse
|
50
|
Role of IL-10 in the abnormalities of early cell activation events of lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Autoimmun 1998; 11:395-402. [PMID: 9802922 DOI: 10.1006/jaut.1998.0228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) exhibit abnormalities in early cell activation events as well as increased production of IL-10. We explored the possible role of IL-10 on defective cell activation events of SLE lymphocytes and first studied the in vitro effect of IL-10 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) from healthy subjects. After 5 days of culture in the presence of exogenous IL-10, these cells demonstrated abnormal expression of CD69 as well as high intracellular pH and defective activation of the Na+/H+ anti-porter by PMA. We then investigated the effect of IL-10 blockade on PBMNC from SLE patients. SLE PBMNC cultured for 5 days with a blocking anti-IL-10 monoclonal antibody (mAb) partially corrected abnormalities in CD69 expression and intracellular pH; however, in 1/5 patients studied, no significant positive effect was observed. The effect of the anti-IL-10 mAb was apparently not related to protection against activation-induced cell death. We conclude that IL-10 in normal PBMNC induce some of the defects in early cell activation events seen in SLE lymphocytes. Accordingly, the blockade of IL-10 partially corrects these abnormalities in SLE cells. Our data further support the importance of IL-10 in immune dysfunction seen in SLE.
Collapse
|