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Mohanraj U, Jokinen M, Thapa RR, Paloniemi M, Vesikari T, Lappalainen M, Tarkka E, Nora-Krūkle Z, Vilmane A, Vettenranta K, Mangani C, Oikarinen S, Fan YM, Ashorn P, Väisänen E, Söderlund-Venermo M. Human Protoparvovirus DNA and IgG in Children and Adults with and without Respiratory or Gastrointestinal Infections. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030483. [PMID: 33804173 PMCID: PMC7999311 DOI: 10.3390/v13030483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Three human protoparvoviruses, bufavirus (BuV), tusavirus (TuV) and cutavirus (CuV), have recently been discovered in diarrheal stool. BuV has been associated with diarrhea and CuV with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, but there are hardly any data for TuV or CuV in stool or respiratory samples. Hence, using qPCR and IgG enzyme immunoassays, we analyzed 1072 stool, 316 respiratory and 445 serum or plasma samples from 1098 patients with and without gastroenteritis (GE) or respiratory-tract infections (RTI) from Finland, Latvia and Malawi. The overall CuV-DNA prevalences in stool samples ranged between 0-6.1% among our six patient cohorts. In Finland, CuV DNA was significantly more prevalent in GE patients above rather than below 60 years of age (5.1% vs 0.2%). CuV DNA was more prevalent in stools among Latvian and Malawian children compared with Finnish children. In 10/11 CuV DNA-positive adults and 4/6 CuV DNA-positive children with GE, no known causal pathogens were detected. Interestingly, for the first time, CuV DNA was observed in two nasopharyngeal aspirates from children with RTI and the rare TuV in diarrheal stools of two adults. Our results provide new insights on the occurrence of human protoparvoviruses in GE and RTI in different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ushanandini Mohanraj
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (M.J.); (R.R.T.); (E.V.); (M.S.-V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-469505437
| | - Maija Jokinen
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (M.J.); (R.R.T.); (E.V.); (M.S.-V.)
| | - Rajita Rayamajhi Thapa
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (M.J.); (R.R.T.); (E.V.); (M.S.-V.)
| | - Minna Paloniemi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland; (M.P.); (S.O.); (Y.-M.F.); (P.A.)
| | | | - Maija Lappalainen
- Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory (HUSLAB), 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (M.L.); (E.T.)
| | - Eveliina Tarkka
- Helsinki University Hospital Laboratory (HUSLAB), 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (M.L.); (E.T.)
| | - Zaiga Nora-Krūkle
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 1067 Riga, Latvia; (Z.N.-K.); (A.V.)
| | - Anda Vilmane
- Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Rīga Stradiņš University, 1067 Riga, Latvia; (Z.N.-K.); (A.V.)
| | | | - Charles Mangani
- College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre 3, Malawi;
| | - Sami Oikarinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland; (M.P.); (S.O.); (Y.-M.F.); (P.A.)
| | - Yue-Mei Fan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland; (M.P.); (S.O.); (Y.-M.F.); (P.A.)
| | - Per Ashorn
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33100 Tampere, Finland; (M.P.); (S.O.); (Y.-M.F.); (P.A.)
| | - Elina Väisänen
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (M.J.); (R.R.T.); (E.V.); (M.S.-V.)
| | - Maria Söderlund-Venermo
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (M.J.); (R.R.T.); (E.V.); (M.S.-V.)
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