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Spatial-temporal trends in leprosy burden and its associations with socioeconomic and physical geographic factors: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Public Health 2024; 230:172-182. [PMID: 38560955 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of our study was to assess the multiscalar changes in leprosy burden and its associated risk factors over the last three decades. STUDY DESIGN We conducted an in-depth examination of leprosy's spatial-temporal trends at multiple geographical scale (global, regional, and national), utilizing information from Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD 2019). METHODS Incidence and the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) of leprosy were determined, with countries categorized based on leprosy incidence changes. We examined socioeconomic and physical geography influences on leprosy incidence via Spearman correlation analysis, using ternary phase diagrams to reveal the synergetic effects on leprosy occurrence. RESULTS Globally, incident cases of leprosy decreased by 27.86% from 1990 to 2019, with a reduction in ASIR (EAPC = -2.53), yet trends were not homogeneous across regions. ASIR and EAPC correlated positively with sociodemographic index (SDI), and an ASIR growth appeared in high SDI region (EAPC = 3.07). Leprosy burden was chiefly distributed in Tropical Latin America, Oceania, Central Sub-Saharan Africa, and South Asia. Negative correlations were detected between the incidence of leprosy and factors of SDI, GDP per capita, urban population to total population, and precipitation, whereas the number of refugee population, temperature, and elevation showed opposite positive results. CONCLUSIONS Despite a global decline in leprosy over the past three decades, the disparities of disease occurrence at regional and national scales still persisted. Socioeconomic and physical geographic factors posed an obvious influence on the transmission risk of leprosy. The persistence and regional fluctuations of leprosy incidence necessitate the ongoing dynamic and multilayered control strategies worldwide in combating this ancient disease.
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Stereotactic Radiotherapy or Whole Brain Radiotherapy Combined with Pyrotinib and Capecitabine in HER2-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer Patients with Brain Metastases (BROPTIMA): A Prospective, Phase Ib/II Single-Arm Clinical Study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S173-S174. [PMID: 37784431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Approximately half of patients with advanced HER2-positive breast cancer (BC) will develop brain metastases (BM) over time. Local therapy including stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) and whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is the main initial treatment in malignant tumor patients with BM. However, more than 50% patients after radiotherapy in one year suffered intracranial recurrence. Pyrotinib, a small molecule, irreversible, pan-ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has a high potency for controlling BM and reducing the occurrence of brain metastases in advanced HER2-positive BC patients. We hypothesized that SRT or WBRT combined with pyrotinib and capecitabine could decrease intracranial progression in HER2 positive BC with newly diagnosed BM. MATERIALS/METHODS In this prospective single-arm phase Ib/II trial (NCT04582968), eligible patients were assigned to either fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) or whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT), combined with pyrotinib and capecitabine. The primary endpoint was one-year CNS progression-free survival (PFS) rate. Secondary endpoints included intracranial objective response rate (IC-ORR) according to RANO-BM criteria, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and evaluation of safety and neurocognitive function. RESULTS From January 2020 to August 2022, 40 patients were enrolled. Twenty-nine patients were treated with FSRT in 8 Gy per fraction with 3 to 5 fractions and 11 were treated with WBRT in 3 Gy per fraction with 10 fractions, and then received chemotherapy in a time frame starting from 0 to 7 days after radiotherapy. At a median follow-up of 17.3 months, 1-year CNS-PFS rate was 74.9% (95% CI 61.9-90.7%) and median CNS-PFS was 18 months (95% CI, 15.5 to NA months). One-year PFS rate was 66.9% (53.1-84.2%) and median PFS time was 17.6 months (95% CI 12.8-34.1 months). The best intracranial response rate (IC-ORR: complete response and partial response) was 92.5% (37/40). The most common grade 3 or worse toxicity was diarrhea (7.5%) and asymptomatic radiation necrosis was detected in 4 of 67(6.0%) lesions treated with FSRT. No differences of neurocognitive function evaluated by MMSE (Mini-Mental State Exam) were observed between different groups at any time point. CONCLUSION Radiotherapy combined with pyrotinib and capecitabine resulted in a promising efficacy that crossed the pre-specified boundary in patients with HER2-positive advanced breast cancer with brain metastases. This is the first prospective study showing the efficacy and safety of CNS radiotherapy concurrent with pyrotinib and capecitabine in patients with BM from HER2-positive breast cancer. Further investigation in a randomized controlled study is warranted.
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P155 Exploration of specific population for adjuvant capecitabine escalation therapy in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer: a retrospective biological sample analysis of the CBCSG010 clinical trial. Breast 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(23)00272-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
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74P The safety, tolerability, and preliminary antitumor activity of sitravatinib plus tislelizumab in patients (pts) with locally recurrent or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC): A multi-cohort, phase II trial. IMMUNO-ONCOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2022.100178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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73P A randomized phase II study of neoadjuvant immunotherapy or immunochemotherapy in locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma. IMMUNO-ONCOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2022.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Pathogenic infection characteristics and risk factors for bovine respiratory disease complex based on the detection of lung pathogens in dead cattle in northeast China. J Dairy Sci 2022; 106:589-606. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3MO Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of Chinese patients (pts) in monarchE: Abemaciclib plus endocrine therapy (ET) in adjuvant treatment of HR+, HER2-, node-positive, high-risk, early breast cancer (EBC). Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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21MO Primary results of a China bridging, phase II randomized study of initial endocrine therapy (ET) ± ribociclib (RIB) in pre- & postmenopausal Chinese women with HR+/HER2– ABC. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
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1MO The fixed-dose combination of pertuzumab and trastuzumab for subcutaneous injection (PH FDC SC) in Chinese patients (pts) with HER2-positive early breast cancer (EBC): Primary analysis of the phase III, randomised FDChina study. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
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Overall survival in the OlympiA phase III trial of adjuvant olaparib in patients with germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1/2 and high risk, early breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2022; 33:1250-1268. [PMID: 36228963 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.09.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The randomized, double-blind OlympiA trial compared 1 year of the oral poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, olaparib, to matching placebo as adjuvant therapy for patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 (gBRCA1/2pv) and high-risk, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative, early breast cancer (EBC). The first pre-specified interim analysis (IA) previously demonstrated statistically significant improvement in invasive disease-free survival (IDFS) and distant disease-free survival (DDFS). The olaparib group had fewer deaths than the placebo group, but the difference did not reach statistical significance for overall survival (OS). We now report the pre-specified second IA of OS with updates of IDFS, DDFS, and safety. PATIENTS AND METHODS One thousand eight hundred and thirty-six patients were randomly assigned to olaparib or placebo following (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy if indicated. Endocrine therapy was given concurrently with study medication for hormone receptor-positive cancers. Statistical significance for OS at this IA required P < 0.015. RESULTS With a median follow-up of 3.5 years, the second IA of OS demonstrated significant improvement in the olaparib group relative to the placebo group [hazard ratio 0.68; 98.5% confidence interval (CI) 0.47-0.97; P = 0.009]. Four-year OS was 89.8% in the olaparib group and 86.4% in the placebo group (Δ 3.4%, 95% CI -0.1% to 6.8%). Four-year IDFS for the olaparib group versus placebo group was 82.7% versus 75.4% (Δ 7.3%, 95% CI 3.0% to 11.5%) and 4-year DDFS was 86.5% versus 79.1% (Δ 7.4%, 95% CI 3.6% to 11.3%), respectively. Subset analyses for OS, IDFS, and DDFS demonstrated benefit across major subgroups. No new safety signals were identified including no new cases of acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome. CONCLUSION With 3.5 years of median follow-up, OlympiA demonstrates statistically significant improvement in OS with adjuvant olaparib compared with placebo for gBRCA1/2pv-associated EBC and maintained improvements in the previously reported, statistically significant endpoints of IDFS and DDFS with no new safety signals.
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Final results of the global and Asia cohorts of KAMILLA, a phase IIIB safety trial of trastuzumab emtansine in patients with HER2-positive advanced breast cancer. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100561. [PMID: 36084395 PMCID: PMC9588895 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background KAMILLA is a single-arm safety study of trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive advanced breast cancer (BC; NCT01702571). We report the final analysis of cohort 2 (Asia) within the context of published cohort 1 (Global) findings. Methods Patients had HER2-positive, locally advanced, or metastatic BC progressing after chemotherapy and anti-HER2 therapy or ≤6 months after adjuvant therapy. The primary objective was to further evaluate T-DM1 (3.6 mg/kg, administered intravenously every 3 weeks) safety/tolerability, including the following adverse events of primary interest (AEPIs): grade ≥3 AEPIs (hepatic events, allergic reactions, thrombocytopenia, hemorrhage events), all grade ≥3 treatment-related AEs, and all-grade pneumonitis. Results KAMILLA enrolled 2185 patients (cohort 1, n = 2003; cohort 2, n = 182) as of 31 July 2019. Of these, 2002 and 181 per cohort were treated and included in the safety population. Approximately 70% of patients had two or more previous treatment lines in the metastatic setting. Median T-DM1 exposure was 5.6 and 5.0 months per cohort; median follow-up was 20.6 and 15.1 months. The overall AEPI rate was higher in cohort 2 (93/181; 51.4%) versus cohort 1 (462/2002; 23.1%), mostly driven by a higher grade ≥3 thrombocytopenia rate in cohort 2. In cohort 2, grade ≥3 thrombocytopenia was not associated with grade ≥3 hemorrhagic events and most (128/138) fully resolved. Grade ≥3 treatment-related AEPI rates were 18.4% (cohort 1) and 48.6% (cohort 2), the latter mainly due to thrombocytopenia. Any-grade pneumonitis rates were 1.0% and 2.2%. No new safety signals were identified. Median (95% confidence interval) progression-free survival was 6.8 months (5.8-7.6 months) and 5.7 months (5.5-7.0 months) in cohorts 1 and 2, respectively; median overall survival was 27.2 months (25.5-28.7 months) and 29.5 months (21.1 months to non-estimable). In both cohorts, median progression-free survival and overall survival decreased with increasing prior therapy lines. Conclusions Cohort 2 results aligned with previous findings in Asian patients, supporting the manageable safety profile and use of T-DM1 in advanced BC. KAMILLA safety results for cohorts 1 (global; n = 2002) and 2 (Asia; n = 181) aligned with results from prior T-DM1 mBC trials. The overall rate of adverse events of primary interest (AEPIs) was higher in cohort 2 (51.4%) versus cohort 1 (23.1%). The higher AEPI rate was mostly due to a higher grade ≥3 thrombocytopenia event rate in cohort 2, most of which resolved. Median PFS and OS were similar for both cohorts, and decreased with increasing prior therapy lines. The manageable safety profile and efficacy of T-DM1 further support its favorable benefit/risk balance.
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Abstract ES5-1: Genomic and transcriptomic landscape of TNBC. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-es5-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is highly heterogeneous. Due to the limited number of TNBCs that have been analyzed, molecular events driving subtypes and prognosis are not firmly established, and little is known regarding TNBC in non-Caucasian patients. Our findings advance the understanding of TNBC subtypes, subdivide the established transcriptome-based subtypes in search of more targeted therapeutic strategies, and offer potential insights to guide subtype-specific therapy. We further conducted a phase Ib/II subtyping-based and genomic biomarker guided umbrella trial to evaluate the efficacy of these targets. Objective response rate (ORR) of these 69 refractory metastatic TNBC patients was 29.0%, while the ORR of arm C (immunotherapy) was 52.6%. Still, genomic and transcriptomic-based target mining do not solve all the problems in TNBC treatment, for example the poor treatment efficacy in luminal androgen receptor (LAR) and basal-like immune-suppressed (BLIS) subtypes. Increasing the dimensions of omics to look for potential therapeutic targets would hopefully solve this problem.
Citation Format: Z Shao. Genomic and transcriptomic landscape of TNBC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr ES5-1.
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A SIX1 degradation inducer blocks excessive proliferation of prostate cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:2439-2451. [PMID: 35414775 PMCID: PMC8990483 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.67873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) remains a great medical challenge due to its high incidence and the development of castration resistance in patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy. Deubiquitinases, the enzymes that specifically hydrolyze ubiquitin chains on their substrates, were recently proposed as a serious of critical therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Our previous study has been reported that the ubiquitin specific peptidase 1 (USP1) functionally acts as a deubiquitinase of sine oculis homeobox homolog 1 (SIX1) and contributes to the proliferation and castration resistance of PC. The stabilization of SIX1 by USP1 partially depends on the status of glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75). In this study, we aimed to identify a SIX1 degradation inducer via inhibiting the USP1-SIX1 axis. we screened a range of kinase inhibitors and showed that SNS-032 is the best candidate to trigger the ubiquitinated degradation of SIX1. SNS-032 not only restrains activity of the USP1-SIX1 axis and cell cycle progression, but also results in apoptosis of PC cells. Moreover, the combination of SNS-032 and enzalutamide synergistically induces apoptosis and downregulates expression of USP1, SIX1, and AR/AR-V7 in AR-V7 highly expressed 22Rv1 cells. Overall, our findings may develop a novel and effective strategy to overcome castration resistance in PC for the identification of a SIX1 degradation inducer via targeting the USP1-SIX1 axis.
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Selective degradation of AR-V7 to overcome castration resistance of prostate cancer. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:857. [PMID: 34548474 PMCID: PMC8455663 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04162-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7), a form of ligand-independent and constitutively activating variant of androgen receptor (AR), is considered as the key driver to initiate castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Because AR-V7 lacks ligand-binding domain, the AR-targeted therapies that aim to inactivate AR signaling through disrupting the interaction between AR and androgen are limited in CRPC. Thus, the emergence of AR-V7 has become the greatest challenge for treating CRPC. Targeting protein degradation is a recently proposed novel avenue for cancer treatment. Our previous studies have been shown that the oncoprotein AR-V7 is a substrate of the proteasome. Identifying novel drugs that can trigger the degradation of AR-V7 is therefore critical to cure CRPC. Here we show that nobiletin, a polymethoxylated flavonoid derived from the peel of Citrus fruits, exerts a potent anticancer activity via inducing G0/G1 phase arrest and enhancing the sensitivity of cells to enzalutamide in AR-V7 positive PC cells. Mechanically, we unravel that nobiletin selectively induces proteasomal degradation of AR-V7 (but not AR). This effect relies on its selective inhibition of the interactions between AR-V7 and two deubiquitinases USP14 and USP22. These findings not only enrich our understanding on the mechanism of AR-V7 degradation, but also provide an efficient and druggable target for overcoming CRPC through interfering the stability of AR-V7 mediated by the interaction between AR-V7 and deubiquitinase.
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238P BOLERO-5: A phase II study of everolimus and exemestane combination in Chinese post-menopausal women with ER+/HER2- advanced breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Increased risk of diabetes in cancer survivors: a pooled analysis of 13 population-based cohort studies. ESMO Open 2021; 6:100218. [PMID: 34303930 PMCID: PMC8327494 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2021.100218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is considered as an established risk factor for cancer development. However, the link between diabetes among cancer survivors remains inconclusive. The hypothesis of this study was to assess the hazard ratio (HR) of incidence of diabetes in cancer survivors compared with the HR in the general population. PATIENTS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library from database inception to 15 December 2020 for population-based cohort studies. Summary effect estimates were combined using random-effects models. We also performed subgroup analyses to test sources of heterogeneity and the stability of the results stratified by various study and participant characteristics. RESULTS Thirteen population-based cohort studies involving 1 686 595 participants were analyzed. The HR for the development of diabetes in cancer survivors was 1.39 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29-1.50; I2 = 82.3%; P < 0.001] compared with that in noncancer controls, among which survivors of hematological, gynecologic, breast, colorectal and urinary tract cancer (all P < 0.05) showed consistent significant results, whereas no significant increased risk was observed for other cancer types. The effects were more prominent in populations of shorter cancer survival duration (<1 year) (HR 2.09, 95% CI 1.32-3.32; P = 0.009). Moreover, cancer survivors with a longer follow-up period (>10 years) had a relatively higher risk of diabetes (HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.34-1.77) than those with a shorter follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS In this large pooled analysis of population-based cohorts, evidence supports the hypothesis that the risk of developing diabetes is increased in cancer survivors compared with the general population. We should interpret the results with caution for considerable interstudy heterogeneity. However, health policy makers should take this as a challenge for the early prevention and effective intervention of diabetes.
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USP1-dependent RPS16 protein stability drives growth and metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:201. [PMID: 34154657 PMCID: PMC8215741 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a medical challenge due to its high proliferation and metastasis. Although deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) play a key role in regulating protein degradation, their pathological roles in HCC have not been fully elucidated. Methods By using biomass spectrometry, co-immunoprecipitation, western blotting and immunofluorescence assays, we identify ribosomal protein S16 (RPS16) as a key substrate of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 1 (USP1). The role of USP1-RPS16 axis in the progression of HCC was evaluated in cell cultures, in xenograft mouse models, and in clinical observations. Results We show that USP1 interacts with RPS16. The depletion of USP1 increases the level of K48-linked ubiquitinated-RPS16, leading to proteasome-dependent RPS16 degradation. In contrast, overexpression of USP1-WT instead of USP1-C90A (DUB inactivation mutant) reduces the level of K48-linked ubiquitinated RPS16, thereby stabilizing RPS16. Consequently, USP1 depletion mimics RPS16 deficiency with respect to the inhibition of growth and metastasis, whereas transfection-enforced re-expression of RPS16 restores oncogenic-like activity in USP1-deficient HCC cells. Importantly, the high expression of USP1 and RPS16 in liver tissue is a prognostic factor for poor survival of HCC patients. Conclusions These findings reveal a previously unrecognized role for the activation of USP1-RPS16 pathway in driving HCC, which may be further developed as a novel strategy for cancer treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-02008-3.
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Bilirubin Restrains the Anticancer Effect of Vemurafenib on BRAF-Mutant Melanoma Cells Through ERK-MNK1 Signaling. Front Oncol 2021; 11:698888. [PMID: 34222023 PMCID: PMC8250144 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.698888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, the most threatening cancer in the skin, has been considered to be driven by the carcinogenic RAF-MEK1/2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. This signaling pathway is usually mainly dysregulated by mutations in BRAF or RAS in skin melanomas. Although inhibitors targeting mutant BRAF, such as vemurafenib, have improved the clinical outcome of melanoma patients with BRAF mutations, the efficiency of vemurafenib is limited in many patients. Here, we show that blood bilirubin in patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma treated with vemurafenib is negatively correlated with clinical outcomes. In vitro and animal experiments show that bilirubin can abrogate vemurafenib-induced growth suppression of BRAF-mutant melanoma cells. Moreover, bilirubin can remarkably rescue vemurafenib-induced apoptosis. Mechanically, the activation of ERK-MNK1 axis is required for bilirubin-induced reversal effects post vemurafenib treatment. Our findings not only demonstrate that bilirubin is an unfavorable for patients with BRAF-mutant melanoma who received vemurafenib treatment, but also uncover the underlying mechanism by which bilirubin restrains the anticancer effect of vemurafenib on BRAF-mutant melanoma cells.
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A new role of GRP75-USP1-SIX1 protein complex in driving prostate cancer progression and castration resistance. Oncogene 2021; 40:4291-4306. [PMID: 34079090 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01851-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer with limited treatment option in males. Although the reactivation of embryonic signals in adult cells is one of the characteristics of cancer, the underlying protein degradation mechanism remains elusive. Here, we show that the molecular chaperone GRP75 is a key player in PC cells by maintaining the protein stability of SIX1, a transcription factor for embryonic development. Mechanistically, GRP75 provides a platform to recruit the deubiquitinating enzyme USP1 to inhibit K48-linked polyubiquitination of SIX1. Structurally, the C-terminus of GRP75 (433-679 aa) contains a peptide binding domain, which is required for the formation of GRP75-USP1-SIX1 protein complex. Functionally, pharmacological or genetic inhibition of the GRP75-USP1-SIX1 protein complex suppresses tumor growth and overcomes the castration resistance of PC cells in vitro and in xenograft mouse models. Clinically, the protein expression of SIX1 in PC tumor tissues is positively correlated with the expression of GRP75 and USP1. These new findings not only enhance our understanding of the protein degradation mechanism, but also may provide a potential way to enhance the anti-cancer activity of androgen suppression therapy.
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The deubiquitinating enzyme USP15 stabilizes ERα and promotes breast cancer progression. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:329. [PMID: 33771975 PMCID: PMC7997968 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03607-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer has the highest incidence and mortality in women worldwide. There are 70% of breast cancers considered as estrogen receptor α (ERα) positive. Therefore, the ERα-targeted therapy has become one of the most effective solution for patients with breast cancer. Whereas a better understanding of ERα regulation is critical to shape evolutional treatments for breast cancer. By exploring the regulatory mechanisms of ERα at levels of post-translational modifications, we identified the deubiquitinase USP15 as a novel protector for preventing ERα degradation and a critical driver for breast cancer progression. Specifically, we demonstrated that USP15 promoted the proliferation of ERα+, but not ERα- breast cancer, in vivo and in vitro. Meanwhile, USP15 knockdown notably enhanced the antitumor activities of tamoxifen on breast cancer cells. Importantly, USP15 knockdown induced the downregulation of ERα protein via promoting its K48-linked ubiquitination, which is required for proliferative inhibition of breast cancer cells. These findings not only provide a novel treatment for overcoming resistance to endocrine therapy, but also represent a therapeutic strategy on ERα degradation by targeting USP15-ERα axis.
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Senolytic agent Quercetin ameliorates intervertebral disc degeneration via the Nrf2/NF-κB axis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:413-422. [PMID: 33242601 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) represents major cause of low back pain. Quercetin (QUE) is one of the approved senolytic agents. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of QUE on IDD development and its underlying mechanism. METHODS Effects of senolytic agent QUE on the viability of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) were measured by CCK-8 assays and EdU staining. The senescence associated secreted phenotype (SASP) factors expressions were measured by qPCR, western blot, and ELISA; and NF-κB pathway was detected by immunofluorescence and western blot. Molecular docking was applied to predict the interacting protein of QUE; while Nrf2 was knocked down by siRNAs to confirm its role in QUE regulated senescence phenotype. X-ray, MRI, Hematoxylin-Eosin and Safranin O-Fast green staining were performed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of QUE on IDD in the puncture-induced rat model. RESULTS In in vitro experiments, QUE inhibited SASP factors expression and senescence phenotype in IL-1β-treated NPCs. Mechanistically, QUE suppressed IL-1β induced activation of the NF-κB pathway cascades; it was also demonstrated in molecular docking and knock down studies that QUE might bind to Keap1-Nrf2 complex to suppress NF-κB pathway. In vivo, QUE ameliorated the IDD process in the puncture-induced rat model. CONCLUSIONS Together the present work suggests that QUE inhibits SASP factors expression and senescence phenotype in NPCs and ameliorates the progression of IDD via the Nrf2/NF-κB axis, which supports senolytic agent QUE as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of IDD.
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The role of structure and function changes of sensory nervous system in intervertebral disc-related low back pain. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2021; 29:17-27. [PMID: 33007412 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is a common musculoskeletal symptom, which can be developed in multiple clinical diseases. It is widely recognized that intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD) is one of the leading causes of LBP. However, the pathogenesis of IVD-related LBP is still controversial, and the treatment means are also insufficient to date. In recent decades, the role of structure and function changes of sensory nervous system in the induction and the maintenance of LBP is drawing more and more attention. With the progress of IVDD, IVD cell exhaustion and extracellular matrix degradation result in IVD structural damage, while neovascularization, innervation and inflammatory activation further deteriorate the microenvironment of IVD. New nerve ingrowth into degenerated IVD amplifies the impacts of IVD-derived nociceptive molecules on sensory endings. Moreover, IVDD is usually accompanied with disc herniation, which could injure and inflame affected nerves. Under mechanical and pro-inflammatory stimulation, the pain-transmitting pathway exhibits a sensitized function state and ultimately leads to LBP. Hence, relevant pathogenic factors, such as neurotrophins, ion channels, inflammatory factors, etc., are supposed to serve as promising therapeutic targets for LBP. The purpose of this review is to comprehensively summarize the current evidence on 1) the pathological changes of sensory nervous system during IVDD and their association with LBP, and 2) potential therapeutic strategies for LBP targeting relevant pathogenic factors.
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On the molecular structure of Remdesivir for the treatment of Covid-19. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2020; 24:995-1002. [PMID: 33356621 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2020.1863380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
(SARS-CoV-2), was first identified in December 2019 as the cause of a respiratory illness designated coronavirus disease 2019, or Covid-19. Several therapeutic agents have been evaluated for the treatment of Covid-19, but none have yet been shown to be efficacious. Remdesivir (GS-5734), an inhibitor of the viral RNA-dependent, RNA polymerase with inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), was identified early as a promising therapeutic candidate for Covid-19 because of its ability to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Besides, in nonhuman primate studies, remdesivir initiated 12 hours after inoculation with MERS-CoV9,10 reduced lung virus levels and lung damage. In the field of Medical Science, concerning the definition of the topological index on the molecular structure and corresponding medical, biological, chemical, pharmaceutical properties of drugs can be studied by the topological index calculation. In this paper, we compute some of the general temperature topological properties of remdesivir that the results in this paper may be useful in finding new drug and vaccine for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19.
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USP10 deletion inhibits macrophage-derived foam cell formation and cellular-oxidized low density lipoprotein uptake by promoting the degradation of CD36. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:22892-22905. [PMID: 33197885 PMCID: PMC7746336 DOI: 10.18632/aging.104003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Foam cell formation process is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (AS). Activation of this biological process depends on lipid uptake by scavenger receptors, such as CD36, SR-A and SR-B1. Among these receptors, CD36 is the principal one because it dominates roughly 50% lipid uptake in monocytes. In this study, our western blotting and RT-qPCR assays revealed that USP10 inhibition promotes the degradation of CD36 protein but does not change its mRNA level. In addition, Co-IP results showed that USP10 interacts with CD36 and stabilizes CD36 protein by cleaving poly-ubiquitin on CD36. Significantly, USP10 promotes foam cell formation. Immunofluorescence and Oil red O staining assays show that inhibition or knockdown of USP10 suppresses lipid uptake and foam cell formation by macrophages. In conclusion, USP10 promotes the development and progression of atherosclerosis through stabilizing CD36 protein expression. The regulation of USP10-CD36 may provide a significant therapeutic scheme in atherosclerosis.
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ERα is a target for butein-induced growth suppression in breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:3721-3736. [PMID: 33294263 PMCID: PMC7716169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BCa) has the highest incidence and mortality among malignant diseases in female worldwide. BCa is frequently caused by estrogen receptor α (ERα), a ligand-dependent receptor that highly expressed in about 70% of breast tumors. Therefore, ERα has become a well-characterized and the most effective target for treating ERα-expressing BCa (ERα+ BCa). However, the acquire resistance was somehow developed in patients who received current ERα signaling-targeted endocrine therapies. Hence, discovery of novel anti-estrogen/ERα strategies is urgent. In the present study, we identified butein as a potential agent for breast cancer treatment by the use of a natural product library. We showed that butein inhibits the growth of ERα+ BCa both in vitro and in vivo which is associated with cell cycle arrest that partially triggered by butein-induced ERα downregulation. Mechanically, butein binds to a specific pocket of ERα and promotes proteasome-mediated degradation of the receptor. Collectively, this work reveals that butein is a candidate to diminish ERα signaling which represents a potentially novel strategy for treating BCa.
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The effect of maize-alfalfa intercropping on the physiological characteristics, nitrogen uptake and yield of maize. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2020; 22:1140-1149. [PMID: 32609937 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In Northeastern China, the intensive cropping system and increased use of chemical fertilizer has caused severe problems in terms of sustainable agricultural development. Therefore, to improve agricultural sustainability and crop productivity the farming system needs to be modified in the region. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of maize-alfalfa intercropping on the physiological characteristics, nitrogen (N) uptake and yield of the maize crops in northeast China in 2017-2018. The study findings showed that intercropping under N fertilization progressively improved the physio-agronomic indices of the maize crop as compared to mono-cropping. The grain yield, 100 seed weight and biomass dry matter of maize crop improved in intercropping when it was practiced with N fertilizer. Furthermore, intercropping with N fertilization increased the chlorophyll content of the maize crop at bell-mouthed, silking, filing and mature stages by 19%, 44%, 12%, and 9% in 2017 and by 23%, 43%, 15%, and 11% in 2018, respectively, as compared with the monocropping system. Unlike monocropping, intercropping with N fertilization increased the photosynthesis rate (14% and 15%), stomatal conductance (74% and 98%) and transpiration rate (74% and 75%) in 2017 and 2018, respectively. However, intercropping reduced intercellular CO2 (Ci ). Moreover, intercropping with N fertilization increased the maize N content of grain and leaves as well as total N uptake by 49%, 31% and 93% in 2017 and 53%, 34% and 132%, respectively, in 2018 as compared to monocropping. In conclusion, our results suggest that maize-alfalfa intercropping with optimal N fertilization provides a practical method for improving growth, yield and N accumulation in the maize crop.
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A Phase II Trial of Radiotherapy Concurrent with Apatinib in Locally Advanced Bone and Soft Tissue Sarcoma of the Head and Neck: Preliminary Results. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Targeting SKP2/Bcr-Abl pathway with Diosmetin suppresses chronic myeloid leukemia proliferation. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 883:173366. [PMID: 32679184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bcr-Abl is the primary cause as well as currently key therapeutic target of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). SKP2, an E3 ligase, is a downstream factor of Bcr-Abl to motivate the cell cycle transition of CML and also found to bind and activate Bcr-Abl in reverse. Therefore, SKP2/Bcr-Abl pathway is an attractive target for CML treatment. This study aims to identify an inhibitor of the SKP2/Bcr-Abl pathway based on a large screening of the natural products. We demonstrate that Diosmetin, a kind of phytoestrogens, notably downregulates the expression of SKP2, Bcr-Abl phosphorylation, and moderately downregulates the Bcr-Abl level. Furthermore, Diosmetin displays a favorable anti-tumor activity in CML cells and xenograft models. Collectively, our study reveals a natural compound in the treatment of CML on the basis of SKP2/Bcr-Abl signaling pathway.
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Targeting ERα degradation by L-Tetrahydropalmatine provides a novel strategy for breast cancer treatment. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2192-2204. [PMID: 32549765 PMCID: PMC7294940 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.44005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of breast cancer (BCa) are the highest among female cancers. There are approximate 70% BCa that are classified as estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) positive. Therefore, targeting ERα is the most significantly therapeutic schedule. However, patients with breast cancer develop resistance to ERα or estrogen (E2) antagonists such as fulvestrant and tamoxifen. In the present study, we found that L-Tetrahydropalmatine (L-THP) significantly suppressed cell proliferation in ERα+ BCa cells via inducing cell cycle arrest rather than apoptosis. Additionally, L-THP enhanced the sensitivity of ERα+ BCa cells to tamoxifen and fulvestrant. Mechanically, the application of L-THP promotes ERα degradation through accumulating ubiquitin chains on ERα. Overexpressing ERα abrogates L-THP induced-antiproliferation in ERα+ BCa cells. Collectively, our work indicates that L-THP may represent a potentially novel therapeutic medicine for ERα+ breast cancer patient.
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Targeting GRP78-dependent AR-V7 protein degradation overcomes castration-resistance in prostate cancer therapy. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:3366-3381. [PMID: 32206096 PMCID: PMC7069092 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Androgen receptor splice variant 7 (AR-V7) is a leading cause of the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, the regulation and function of AR-V7 at levels of post-translational modifications in prostate cancer therapy remain poorly understood. Here, we conducted a library screen of natural products to identify potential small molecules responsible for AR-V7 protein degradation in human prostate cancer cell lines. Methods: A natural product library was used to screen the inhibitor of AR-V7. Co-IP and biomass spectrum assays were used to identify the AR-V7-interacting proteins, whereas western blot, confocal microscopy, RNA interfering, and gene transfection were used to validate these interactions. Cell viability, EDU staining, and colony formation assays were employed to detect cell growth and proliferation. Flowcytometry assays were used to detect the distribution of cell cycle. Mouse xenograft models were used to study the anti-CRPC effects in vivo. Results: This screen identified rutaecarpine, one of the major components of the Chinese medicine Evodia rutaecarpa, as a novel chemical that selectively induces AR-V7 protein degradation via K48-linked ubiquitination. Mechanically, this effect relies on rutaecarpine inducing the formation of a GRP78-AR-V7 protein complex, which further recruits the E3 ligase SIAH2 to directly promote the ubiquitination of AR-V7. Consequently, the genetic and pharmacological activation of the GRP78-dependent AR-V7 protein degradation restores the sensitivity of castration-resistant prostate cancer to anti-androgen therapy in cell culture and animal models. Conclusions: These findings not only provide a new approach for overcoming castration-resistance in prostate cancer therapy, but also increase our understanding about the interplay between molecular chaperones and ubiquitin ligase in shaping protein stability.
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Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) vs trastuzumab (H) in Chinese patients (pts) with residual invasive disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for HER2-positive breast cancer (BC) in the phase III KATHERINE study. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Mutational landscapes and tumour mutational burden expression in endometrial cancer. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz250.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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The Impact of Radiotherapy on Complications and Reconstruction Failures in Patients Undergoing Mastectomy and Breast Reconstruction. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.2405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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TGF-β signaling in intervertebral disc health and disease. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:1109-1117. [PMID: 31132405 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the changing role of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling in intervertebral disc (IVD) health and disease. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed terms 'TGF-β' and 'IVD'. RESULTS TGF-β signaling is necessary for the development and growth of IVD, and can play a protective role in the restoration of IVD tissues by stimulating matrix synthesis, inhibiting matrix catabolism, inflammatory response and cell loss. However, excessive activation of TGF-β signaling is detrimental to the IVD, and inhibition of the aberrant TGF-β signaling can delay IVD degeneration. CONCLUSIONS Activation of TGF-β signaling has a promising treatment prospect for IVD degeneration, while excessive activation of TGF-β signaling may contribute to the progression of IVD degeneration. Studies aimed at elucidating the changing role of TGF-β signaling in IVD at different pathophysiological stages and its specific molecular mechanisms are needed, and these studies will contribute to safe and effective TGF-β signaling-based treatments for IVD degeneration.
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Mandibular reconstruction using the deep circumflex iliac artery free flap: effect of the length of bone harvested on donor site morbidity. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 57:778-781. [PMID: 31350030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the amounts of pain and morbidity that are associated with the length of the harvested anterior iliac bone graft (cm), and their effect on the contour of the donor site and activities of daily life. A total of 62 patients who had mandibular reconstruction using an iliac bone graft were enrolled in this study at the Wuhan University Hospital. The same surgical standards were used throughout. We divided the patients into two groups depending to the length of the graft (<9cm or 9cm or more). The amount and duration of the pain, the time necessary to walk normally, abnormalities of sensation, contour of the donor site, length of the scar, and the patients' satisfaction with the donor site were evaluated, and outcomes in the two groups compared. The worst pain after operation (p=0.001) the length of the scar (p=0.001), and the time needed before the patients were able to walk (p=0.001) differed significantly between the two groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups regarding other complications. The anterior iliac crest might still be considered to be an ideal donor site for large mandibular defects.
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[Analysis of prognostic factors for hyperamylasemia following pancreaticoduodenectomy]. ZHONGHUA WAI KE ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF SURGERY] 2019; 57:534-539. [PMID: 31269617 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5815.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the prognostic factors of hyperamylasemia following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) . Methods: Clinical data of 359 patients were collected prospectively who underwent PD by the same group at Changhai Hospital of Navy Medical University from January 2017 to June 2018.There were 212 males and 147 females.The median age was 63 years old (range: 23 to 82 years old) .According to whether the patient's serum amylase was greater than 120 U/L at 0 or 1 day after surgery,the patients were divided into hyperamylasemia group and non-hyperamylasemia group. Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were used to find out the prognostic factors of hyperamylasemia after PD. Results: Of the 359 patients, 238 cases (66.3%) developed hyperamylasemia.The incidence rate of clinically related pancreatic fistula (15.1% vs.2.5%, P<0.01) , grade B/C post pancreatectomy hemorrhage (8.8% vs. 2.5%, P<0.01) , and surgical site infection (9.2% vs. 3.3%, P=0.04) was significantly higher in the hyperamylasemia group.The severity of complications (CD grade≥Ⅲ: 11.3% vs.4.1%, P=0.023) and postoperative hospital stay (11 days vs. 9 days, P=0.001) were higher in the hyperamylasemia group.In the multivariate analysis, the main pancreatic duct diameter (MPD) ≤3 mm (OR=4.469, 95% CI: 2.563-7.793, P<0.01) , pathological type of disease (pancreatic cancer or pancreatitis) (OR=0.230, 95% CI: 0.122-0.436, P<0.01) and soft texture of pancreas (OR=3.297, 95%CI: 1.930-5.635, P<0.01) were independent prognostic factors for hyperamylasemia. Conclusions: Post-PD hyperamylasemia increased the incidence and severity of postoperative complications after PD.MPD≤3 mm, soft texture of pancreas and pathological type of disease were independent prognostic factors of hyperamylasemia.
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Resection of liver metastases from breast cancer: a multicentre analysis. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:512-521. [PMID: 31230220 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02155-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgery is becoming more practical and effective than conservative treatment in improving the poor outcomes of patients with breast cancer liver metastasis (BCLM). However, there is no generally acknowledged set of standards for identifying BCLM candidates who will benefit from surgery. METHODS Between January 2011 and September 2018, 67 female BCLM patients who underwent partial hepatectomy were selected for analysis in the present study. Prognostic factors after hepatectomy were determined. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictors of overall survival (OS) and intrahepatic recurrence-free survival (IHRFS). RESULTS The 1-, 3- and 5-year OS of patients treated with surgery was 93.5%, 73.7% and 32.2%, respectively, with a median survival time of 57.59 months. The Pringle manoeuvre [hazard radio (HR) = 0.117, 95% CI0.015-0.942, p = 0.044] and an increased interval between breast surgery and BCLM diagnosis (HR0.178, 95% CI 0.037-0.869, p = 0.033) independently predicted improved overall survival for BCLM patients. The 1-, 2- and 3-year IHRFS of patients who underwent surgery was 62.8, 32.6% and 10.9%, respectively, with a median intrahepatic recurrence-free survival time of 13.47 months. Moderately differentiated tumours (HR 0.259, 95% CI 0.078-0.857, p = 0.027) and the development of liver metastasis more than 2 years after breast surgery (HR 0.270, 95% CI 0.108-0.675, p = 0.005) might be predictors of increased IHRFS. CONCLUSIONS An interval of more than 2 years between breast cancer surgery and liver metastasis seems to be an indication of liver surgery in BCLM patients. The Pringle manoeuvre and moderately differentiated tumours are potential predictors associated with OS and IHRFS, respectively, as benefits from liver resection. Studies with increased sample sizes are warranted to validate our results.
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Clinicopathological features and prognostic factors for patients with recurrent cervical cancer treated with secondary surgical resection plus radiotherapy. Gynecol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2019.04.641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Subtype-guided 18F-FDG PET/CT in tailoring axillary surgery among node-positive breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a feasibility study. Breast 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(19)30253-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Abstract P6-17-17: Pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and docetaxel for HER2-positive early or locally advanced breast cancer in the neoadjuvant setting: Efficacy and safety analysis of a randomized phase III study in Asian patients (PEONY). Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p6-17-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Pertuzumab and trastuzumab (P and H; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, CH) bind to distinct HER2 subdomains and have complementary modes of anticancer activity in HER2-positive breast cancer (BC). A global Phase II study (NeoSphere) reported that neoadjuvant treatment with P+H+docetaxel (D) significantly increased breast pathologic complete response (bpCR) vs H+D in patients (pts) with early/locally advanced/inflammatory HER2-positive BC (Gianni et al. Lancet Oncol 2012). PEONY (NCT02586025), a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled, Phase III trial conducted in an Asian population (mainland China, Taiwan, Korea, Thailand), primarily compared the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of P+H+D vs placebo (Pla)+H+D in the neoadjuvant setting. We present data from the primary analysis.
Methods
Pts with centrally confirmed HER2-positive early (T2–3, N0–1)/locally advanced (T2–3, N2 or N3; T4, any N) BC were randomized 2:1 to 4 cycles of P+H+D or Pla+H+D every 3 weeks, before surgery: P, 840 mg loading/420 mg maintenance doses (or Pla); H, 8 mg/kg loading/6 mg/kg maintenance; D, 75 mg/m2. Post-surgery, pts received 3 cycles of fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide followed by 13 cycles of P+H or Pla+H for up to 1 year (total of 17 HER2-targeted therapy cycles). The primary endpoint was total pCR rate (tpCR; absence of any residual invasive cancer in the breast and lymph nodes [ypT0/is, ypN0]) assessed by independent review committee (IRC) when pts completed surgery with a tpCR assessment. Missing/invalid assessments were considered residual disease.
Results
A total of 329 pts were randomized: 219 to P, 110 to Pla. Baseline characteristics were well balanced. Most pts had early BC (69.6%) and were from mainland China (79.3%). In the intention-to-treat population, the tpCR rate by IRC was 39.3% in the P arm and 21.8% in the Pla arm; a clinically and statistically significant difference of 17.5% (95% CI 6.9–28.0; p=0.0014). The local pathologist-assessed tpCR rates were 39.3% and 20.9%, respectively. A consistent treatment benefit of P vs Pla was observed in subgroups. Incidences of grade ≥3 adverse events (Aes) were 48.6% in the P arm and 41.8% in the Pla arm. Of the most common grade 3 Aes (≥3% of pts), neutropenia was higher in the P arm (38.1% vs 32.7%). Of the most common any-grade Aes (≥5%), diarrhea was higher in the P arm (38.5% vs 16.4%). No heart failure (New York Heart Association Functional Classification III or IV) or significant left ventricular ejection fraction decline events (≥10 percentage points from baseline and to <50%) were observed during neoadjuvant therapy.
Conclusions
PEONY met its primary endpoint: P+H+D resulted in a clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvement in the tpCR rate by IRC vs Pla+H+D for the neoadjuvant treatment of HER2-positive early/locally advanced BC in Asian pts. Safety data were in line with the known P safety profile and generally comparable between treatment arms. Results were similar to NeoSphere, and confirm that P+H+D provides superior anticancer activity to H+D alone.
Citation Format: Shao Z, Pang D, Yang H, Li W, Wang S, Cui S, Liao N, Wang Y, Wang C, Chang Y-C, Wang H, Kang SY, Jiang Z, Li J, Zhou J, Althaus B, Mao Y, Eng-Wong J. Pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and docetaxel for HER2-positive early or locally advanced breast cancer in the neoadjuvant setting: Efficacy and safety analysis of a randomized phase III study in Asian patients (PEONY) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-17-17.
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Abstract P4-08-18: Not presented. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p4-08-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This abstract was not presented at the conference.
Citation Format: Liu Y, Chen S, Jiang Y, Wu J, Shao Z. Not presented [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-08-18.
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Abstract P1-06-10: Combined tandem affinity purification mass-spectrometry technique with genome-editing CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screening to identify potential subunits in the BRCA1 complex. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p1-06-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Genomic instability is one of tumor characteristics. Enhancing the DNA damage load or impairing the ability of DNA damage repair has been therapeutics of cancer. Breast cancer type 1 susceptibility gene (BRCA1) has been studied a lot about the DNA damage and repair in breast cancer and ovarian cancer. BRCA1 mutation increases the risk of developing breast cancer by an eighth to tenth. The C terminal domain of BRCA1 can associates with three proteins Abraxas, Bach1 and CtIP in a phosphorylation-dependent manner forming mutually exclusive complexes, namely BRCA1-A, B, and C complexes. The BRCA1-A complex is necessary in DNA damage repair, and study implicates the complex play roles in chemotherapy resistance.
Methods: We explored tandem affinity purification mass-spectrometry (TAP-MAS) technique to identify potential subunits associated with NBA1(one component of BRCA1-A complex). Then we made the genome-editing CRISPR-Cas9 sgRNA library into lentivirus to infect U2OS cells. And 5 Gy dose of Ionizing radiation (IR) was used to induce DNA damage on the cell. After 14 days cultivation, we extracted the DNA from the cells, performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analyzed the correlation between potential genes and DNA damage-repair passage by bioinformatics methods. We generated 200 breast cancer patient tissue samples in our cancer center and performed immunostaining assay.
Results: By the TAP-MAS technique of NBA1 tagged with HA and Flag, we found 93 potential subunits except those known subunits in BRCA1-A complex. Combined with CRISPR-Cas9 sgRNA library screening, we scored the relativity of DNA damage and repair passageway of identified 93 potential subunits. We found that nucleoside-triphosphatase, cancer-related (NTPCR) as a new potential subunit of BRCA1-A complex (P value=0.0034) had the highest score. Endogenous and exogenous co-IP validated NTPCR physically associates with subunits within BRCA1-A complex. Besides, we found that NTPCR associated with the same domain of NBA1 as the other subunits in BRCA1-A complex. Immunohistochemistry of patient tissue samples indicated that high levels of NTPCR expression was correlated with poor prognosis in multivariate analysis (HR: 4.990; 95%CI: 1.433-17.378; p value: 0.012).
Conclusion: NTPCR is a new subunit in BRCA1-A complex. And high expression of NTPCR is a negative prognostic factor in breast cancer patients.
Citation Format: Zhao H, Jiang H, Sun W, Shao Z, Hu X. Combined tandem affinity purification mass-spectrometry technique with genome-editing CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screening to identify potential subunits in the BRCA1 complex [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-06-10.
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Abstract P2-08-33: A novel seven-gene signature predicts prognosis in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p2-08-33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose:
Chemotherapy remains the only systemic treatment option for patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, due to the heterogeneity of TNBC, not all patients benefit from chemotherapy, especially those with early-stage disease. In order to improve prognostic assessment and reduce unnecessary adjuvant systemic therapy in these patients, we have developed a novel seven-gene signature.
Experimental Design:
With the ComBat method, we integrated the results from 150 transcriptome microarrays samples and 246 RNA-seq samples of early-stage TNBC patients, and identified mRNAs associated with recurrence-free survival (RFS) using Lasso-Cox model, We further analyzed these TNBC samples and compared them with 60 paired normal breast tissues (40 samples from RNA-seq and 20 samples from microarrays) to identify tumor-specific mRNAs. Twenty-one overlapped mRNAs of the RFS-associated mRNAs and the tumor-specific mRNAs are selected as candidate mRNAs. An additional 371 samples of frozen primary tumors were then collected from early-stage TNBC patients (mean follow-up of 45 months) and randomly divided into two sets: a training set (n = 186) and a validation (n = 185) set. Expression level of candidate mRNAs in these samples were measured using RT-qPCR assays, and a seven-gene signature was built through all subset regression in the training set. The prognostic and predictive accuracy of our signature was tested in the validation set and other public databases (GSE5327, GSE2034 and METABRIC).
Results:
Twenty-one candidate mRNAs were identified in early-stage TNBC patients, from which we developed a novel seven-gene signature (recurrence risk score [mRNA signature] = 1.108*TMEM101 - 0.213*KRT5 - 0.315*ACAN - 0.464*LCA5 + 0.446*RPP40 - 0.373*LAGE3 - 0.257*CDKL2). Patients in the training set were classified into high- or low-risk group based on our seven-gene signature and an optimum cut-off score derived from x-tile. The patients in high-risk group were more likely to suffer from recurrence (HR, 2.718; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.928–3.726, P= 0.001), and a time-dependent receiver operating curve showed that the seven-gene mRNA signature had a better prognostic value than the clinicopathologic risk factors in both training set and validation set. The prognostic and predictive accuracy of the signature was also validated in the METABRIC and two other public GEO databases (GSE5327 and GSE2034). The time-dependent receiver operating curve showed that this signature had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.742 (95% CI, 0.705-0.773) in METABRIC, 0.716 (95% CI, 0.682-0.739) and 0.723 (95% CI, 0.683-0.756) in GSE5327 and GSE2034 respectively.
Conclusion:
In this study, we developed a novel seven-gene signature which can provide additional prognostic information and may guidance in identifying early-stage TNBC patients eligible for adjuvant therapy or reduction of chemotherapy. To our knowledge, this is the first study investigating the prognostic potential of mRNA signature in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer. Our novel signature may provide an opportunity for de-escalating treatment in early-stage TNBC patients in the future.
Citation Format: Ren Y, Jiang Y, Zuo W, Xu X, Jin X, Ma D, Shao Z. A novel seven-gene signature predicts prognosis in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-08-33.
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Mechanisms of endogenous repair failure during intervertebral disc degeneration. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:41-48. [PMID: 30243946 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is frequently associated with Low back pain (LBP), which can severely reduce the quality of human life and cause enormous economic loss. However, there is a lack of long-lasting and effective therapies for IVD degeneration at present. Recently, stem cell based tissue engineering techniques have provided novel and promising treatment for the repair of degenerative IVDs. Numerous studies showed that stem/progenitor cells exist naturally in IVDs and could migrate from their niche to the IVD to maintain the quantity of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. Unfortunately, these endogenous repair processes cannot prevent IVD degeneration as effectively as expected. Therefore, theoretical basis for regeneration of the NP in situ can be obtained from studying the mechanisms of endogenous repair failure during IVD degeneration. Although there have been few researches to study the mechanism of cell death and migration of stem/progenitor cells in IVD so far, studies demonstrated that the major inducing factors (compression and hypoxia) of IVD degeneration could decrease the number of NP cells by regulating apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis, and the particular chemokines and their receptors played a vital role in the migration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). These studies provide a clue for revealing the mechanisms of endogenous repair failure during IVD degeneration. This article reviewed the current research situation and progress of the mechanisms through which IVD stem/progenitor cells failed to repair IVD tissues during IVD degeneration. Such studies provide an innovative research direction for endogenous repair and a new potential treatment strategy for IVD degeneration.
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Reply to 'The St Gallen International Expert Consensus on the Primary Therapy of Early Breast Cancer 2017: the point of view of an International Panel of Experts in Radiation Oncology' by Kirova et al. Ann Oncol 2018; 29:281-282. [PMID: 29045519 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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De-escalating and escalating treatments for early-stage breast cancer: the St. Gallen International Expert Consensus Conference on the Primary Therapy of Early Breast Cancer 2017. Ann Oncol 2018; 29:2153. [PMID: 29733336 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Carboxypeptidase B2 and N play different roles in regulation of activated complements C3a and C5a in mice. J Thromb Haemost 2018; 16:991-1002. [PMID: 29383821 PMCID: PMC8491566 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Two basic carboxypeptidases are present in plasma, B2 (CPB2) and N (CPN). Cpb2-/- and Cpn-/- mice were challenged in a hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) model vs. wild type. Cpb2-/- exacerbates HUS while Cpn-/- exacerbates cobra venom factor challenge vs. wild type mice. CPB2 and CPN have overlapping but non-redundant roles. SUMMARY Background There are two basic carboxypeptidases in plasma. Carboxypeptidase B2 (CPB2) is activated from a circulating zymogen, proCPB2, and carboxypeptidase N (CPN) is constitutively active with both inactivating complement C3a and C5a. Aims To test the roles of CPB2 and CPN in complement-driven mouse models of cobra venom factor (CVF) challenge and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). Methods Cpb2-/- , Cpn-/- and wild-type (WT) mice were compared in an HUS model induced by Shiga toxin and lipopolysaccharide administration and following CVF administration. Results HUS was exacerbated in Cpb2-/- mice more than in Cpn-/- mice, compared with WT mice. Cpb2-/- mice developed the HUS clinical triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, uremia and thrombocytopenia. Treatment with anti-C5 antibody improved survival of both Cpb2-/- and Cpn-/- mice. In contrast, when challenged acutely with CVF, the reverse phenotype was observed. Cpn-/- mice had markedly worse disease than Cpb2-/- mice, whereas the WT mice were resistant. Conclusions CPN and CPB2 play overlapping but non-redundant roles in regulating complement activation in vivo. The constitutively active CPN is key for inactivation of systemic C5a, whereas CPB2 functions as an on-demand supplementary anaphylatoxin inhibitor in inactivating excessive C5a formed locally.
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Development and validation of nomograms for predicting overall and disease-specific survival in young women with breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(18)30350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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