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King JR, Wilson ML, Hetey S, Kiraly P, Matsuo K, Castaneda AV, Toth E, Krenacs T, Hupuczi P, Mhawech-Fauceglia P, Balogh A, Szilagyi A, Matko J, Papp Z, Roman LD, Cortessis VK, Than NG. Dysregulation of Placental Functions and Immune Pathways in Complete Hydatidiform Moles. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4999. [PMID: 31658584 PMCID: PMC6829352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20204999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression studies of molar pregnancy have been limited to a small number of candidate loci. We analyzed high-dimensional RNA and protein data to characterize molecular features of complete hydatidiform moles (CHMs) and corresponding pathologic pathways. CHMs and first trimester placentas were collected, histopathologically examined, then flash-frozen or paraffin-embedded. Frozen CHMs and control placentas were subjected to RNA-Seq, with resulting data and published placental RNA-Seq data subjected to bioinformatics analyses. Paraffin-embedded tissues from CHMs and control placentas were used for tissue microarray (TMA) construction, immunohistochemistry, and immunoscoring for galectin-14. Of the 14,022 protein-coding genes expressed in all samples, 3,729 were differentially expressed (DE) in CHMs, of which 72% were up-regulated. DE genes were enriched in placenta-specific genes (OR = 1.88, p = 0.0001), of which 79% were down-regulated, imprinted genes (OR = 2.38, p = 1.54 × 10-6), and immune genes (OR = 1.82, p = 7.34 × 10-18), of which 73% were up-regulated. DNA methylation-related enzymes and histone demethylases were dysregulated. "Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction" was the most impacted of 38 dysregulated pathways, among which 17 were immune-related pathways. TMA-based immunoscoring validated the lower expression of galectin-14 in CHM. In conclusion, placental functions were down-regulated, imprinted gene expression was altered, and immune pathways were activated, indicating complex dysregulation of placental developmental and immune processes in CHMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer R King
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Melissa L Wilson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Szabolcs Hetey
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Peter Kiraly
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Koji Matsuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Antonio V Castaneda
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Eszter Toth
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tibor Krenacs
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Petronella Hupuczi
- Maternity Private Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, H-1126 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Paulette Mhawech-Fauceglia
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Andrea Balogh
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Andras Szilagyi
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Janos Matko
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biology, Eotvos Lorand University, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zoltan Papp
- Maternity Private Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, H-1126 Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Lynda D Roman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Victoria K Cortessis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary.
- Maternity Private Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, H-1126 Budapest, Hungary.
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