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Valsdóttir V, Jónsdóttir MK, Magnúsdóttir BB, Chang M, Hu YH, Gudnason V, Launer LJ, Stefánsson H. Comparative study of machine learning methods for modeling associations between risk factors and future dementia cases. GeroScience 2024; 46:737-750. [PMID: 38135769 PMCID: PMC10828447 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-01040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A substantial portion of dementia risk can be attributed to modifiable risk factors that can be affected by lifestyle changes. Identifying the contributors to dementia risk could prove valuable. Recently, machine learning methods have been increasingly applied to healthcare data. Several studies have attempted to predict dementia progression by using such techniques. This study aimed to compare the performance of different machine-learning methods in modeling associations between known cognitive risk factors and future dementia cases. A subset of the AGES-Reykjavik Study dataset was analyzed using three machine-learning methods: logistic regression, random forest, and neural networks. Data were collected twice, approximately five years apart. The dataset included information from 1,491 older adults who underwent a cognitive screening process and were considered to have healthy cognition at baseline. Cognitive risk factors included in the models were based on demographics, MRI data, and other health-related data. At follow-up, participants were re-evaluated for dementia using the same cognitive screening process. Various performance metrics for all three machine learning algorithms were assessed. The study results indicate that a random forest algorithm performed better than neural networks and logistic regression in predicting the association between cognitive risk factors and dementia. Compared to more traditional statistical analyses, machine-learning methods have the potential to provide more accurate predictions about which individuals are more likely to develop dementia than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaka Valsdóttir
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland.
- RHLÖ - Icelandic Gerontological Research Center, Landspítali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - María K Jónsdóttir
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Mental Health Services, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Brynja Björk Magnúsdóttir
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Mental Health Services, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Milan Chang
- RHLÖ - Icelandic Gerontological Research Center, Landspítali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Yi-Han Hu
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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Axelsson GT, Jonmundsson T, Woo Y, Frick EA, Aspelund T, Loureiro JJ, Orth AP, Jennings LL, Gudmundsson G, Emilsson V, Gudmundsdottir V, Gudnason V. Proteomic associations with forced expiratory volume: a Mendelian randomisation study. Respir Res 2024; 25:44. [PMID: 38238732 PMCID: PMC10797790 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02587-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A decline in forced expiratory volume (FEV1) is a hallmark of respiratory diseases that are an important cause of morbidity among the elderly. While some data exist on biomarkers that are related to FEV1, we sought to do a systematic analysis of causal relations of biomarkers with FEV1. METHODS Data from the population-based AGES-Reykjavik study were used. Serum proteomic measurements were done using 4782 DNA aptamers (SOMAmers). Data from 1479 participants with spirometric data were used to assess the association of SOMAmer measurements with FEV1 using linear regression. Bi-directional two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses were done to assess causal relations of observationally associated SOMAmers with FEV1, using genotype and SOMAmer data from 5368 AGES-Reykjavik participants and genetic associations with FEV1 from a publicly available GWAS (n = 400,102). RESULTS In observational analyses, 530 SOMAmers were associated with FEV1 after multiple testing adjustment (FDR < 0.05). The most significant were Retinoic Acid Receptor Responder 2 (RARRES2), R-Spondin 4 (RSPO4) and Alkaline Phosphatase, Placental Like 2 (ALPPL2). Of the 257 SOMAmers with genetic instruments available, eight were associated with FEV1 in MR analyses. Three were directionally consistent with the observational estimate, Thrombospondin 2 (THBS2), Endoplasmic Reticulum Oxidoreductase 1 Beta (ERO1B) and Apolipoprotein M (APOM). THBS2 was further supported by a colocalization analysis. Analyses in the reverse direction, testing whether changes in SOMAmer levels were caused by changes in FEV1, were performed but no significant associations were found after multiple testing adjustments. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this large scale proteogenomic analyses of FEV1 reveals circulating protein markers of FEV1, as well as several proteins with potential causality to lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisli Thor Axelsson
- Icelandic Heart Association, Holtasmari 1, 201, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Landspitali University Hospital, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thorarinn Jonmundsson
- Icelandic Heart Association, Holtasmari 1, 201, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Youngjae Woo
- Novartis Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Thor Aspelund
- Icelandic Heart Association, Holtasmari 1, 201, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Anthony P Orth
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | | | - Gunnar Gudmundsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital, 108, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Valur Emilsson
- Icelandic Heart Association, Holtasmari 1, 201, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Valborg Gudmundsdottir
- Icelandic Heart Association, Holtasmari 1, 201, Kopavogur, Iceland.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Holtasmari 1, 201, Kopavogur, Iceland.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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Valsdóttir V, Magnúsdóttir BB, Chang M, Sigurdsson S, Gudnason V, Launer LJ, Jónsdóttir MK. Cognition and brain health among older adults in Iceland: the AGES-Reykjavik study. GeroScience 2022; 44:2785-2800. [PMID: 35978066 PMCID: PMC9768066 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The paper aimed to compare how factors previously identified as predictive factors for cognitive decline and dementia related to cognitive performance on the one hand and brain health on the other. To that aim, multiple linear regression was applied to the AGES-Reykjavik study epidemiological data. Additionally, a regression analysis was performed for change in cognition over 5 years, using the same exposure factors. The study ran from 2002 to 2011, and the sample analyzed included 1707 participants between the ages of 66 and 90. The data contains MR imaging, cognitive testing, background data, and physiological measurements. Overall, we conclude that risk factors linked to dementia relate differently to cognition and brain health. Mobility, physical strength, alcohol consumption, coronary artery disease, and hypertension were associated with cognition and brain volume. Smoking, depression, diabetes, and body fat percentage were only associated with brain volume, not cognitive performance. Modifiable factors previously linked to cognitive reserve, such as educational attainment, participation in leisure activities, multilingualism and good self-reported health, were associated with cognitive function but did not relate to brain volume. These findings show that, within the same participant pool, cognitive reserve proxy variables have a relationship with cognitive performance but have no association with relative brain volume measured simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaka Valsdóttir
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Menntavegur 1, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
- RHLÖ – Icelandic Gerontological Research Center, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Brynja Björk Magnúsdóttir
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Menntavegur 1, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Mental Health Services, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Milan Chang
- RHLÖ – Icelandic Gerontological Research Center, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- The Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Lenore J. Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD USA
| | - María K. Jónsdóttir
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Menntavegur 1, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Mental Health Services, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
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Palmer ND, Kahali B, Kuppa A, Chen Y, Du X, Feitosa MF, Bielak LF, O’Connell JR, Musani SK, Guo X, Smith AV, Ryan KA, Eirksdottir G, Allison MA, Bowden DW, Budoff MJ, Carr JJ, Chen YDI, Taylor KD, Correa A, Crudup BF, Halligan B, Yang J, Kardia SLR, Launer LJ, Fu YP, Mosley TH, Norris JM, Terry JG, O’Donnell CJ, Rotter JI, Wagenknecht LE, Gudnason V, Province MA, Peyser PA, Speliotes EK. Allele-specific variation at APOE increases nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity but decreases risk of Alzheimer's disease and myocardial infarction. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:1443-1456. [PMID: 33856023 PMCID: PMC8283205 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease and is highly correlated with metabolic disease. NAFLD results from environmental exposures acting on a susceptible polygenic background. This study performed the largest multiethnic investigation of exonic variation associated with NAFLD and correlated metabolic traits and diseases. An exome array meta-analysis was carried out among eight multiethnic population-based cohorts (n = 16 492) with computed tomography (CT) measured hepatic steatosis. A fixed effects meta-analysis identified five exome-wide significant loci (P < 5.30 × 10-7); including a novel signal near TOMM40/APOE. Joint analysis of TOMM40/APOE variants revealed the TOMM40 signal was attributed to APOE rs429358-T; APOE rs7412 was not associated with liver attenuation. Moreover, rs429358-T was associated with higher serum alanine aminotransferase, liver steatosis, cirrhosis, triglycerides and obesity; as well as, lower cholesterol and decreased risk of myocardial infarction and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in phenome-wide association analyses in the Michigan Genomics Initiative, United Kingdom Biobank and/or public datasets. These results implicate APOE in imaging-based identification of NAFLD. This association may or may not translate to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; however, these results indicate a significant association with advanced liver disease and hepatic cirrhosis. These findings highlight allelic heterogeneity at the APOE locus and demonstrate an inverse link between NAFLD and AD at the exome level in the largest analysis to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholette D Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Bratati Kahali
- Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Annapurna Kuppa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Du
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey R O’Connell
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Solomon K Musani
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA
| | | | - Kathleen A Ryan
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Matthew A Allison
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Donald W Bowden
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - J Jeffrey Carr
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yii-Der I Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA
| | - Kent D Taylor
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Breland F Crudup
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Brian Halligan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute of Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yi-Ping Fu
- Framingham Heart Study, NHLBI, NIH, Framingham, MA, USA
- Office of Biostatistics Research, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Jill M Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - James G Terry
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA USA
| | - Lynne E Wagenknecht
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik 101, Iceland
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Speliotes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Imamura F, Fretts A, Marklund M, Ardisson Korat AV, Yang WS, Lankinen M, Qureshi W, Helmer C, Chen TA, Wong K, Bassett JK, Murphy R, Tintle N, Yu CI, Brouwer IA, Chien KL, Frazier-Wood AC, del Gobbo LC, Djoussé L, Geleijnse JM, Giles GG, de Goede J, Gudnason V, Harris WS, Hodge A, Hu F, Koulman A, Laakso M, Lind L, Lin HJ, McKnight B, Rajaobelina K, Risérus U, Robinson JG, Samieri C, Siscovick DS, Soedamah-Muthu SS, Sotoodehnia N, Sun Q, Tsai MY, Uusitupa M, Wagenknecht LE, Wareham NJ, Wu JHY, Micha R, Forouhi NG, Lemaitre RN, Mozaffarian D. Fatty acid biomarkers of dairy fat consumption and incidence of type 2 diabetes: A pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies. PLoS Med 2018; 15:e1002670. [PMID: 30303968 PMCID: PMC6179183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to investigate prospective associations of circulating or adipose tissue odd-chain fatty acids 15:0 and 17:0 and trans-palmitoleic acid, t16:1n-7, as potential biomarkers of dairy fat intake, with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS AND FINDINGS Sixteen prospective cohorts from 12 countries (7 from the United States, 7 from Europe, 1 from Australia, 1 from Taiwan) performed new harmonised individual-level analysis for the prospective associations according to a standardised plan. In total, 63,682 participants with a broad range of baseline ages and BMIs and 15,180 incident cases of T2D over the average of 9 years of follow-up were evaluated. Study-specific results were pooled using inverse-variance-weighted meta-analysis. Prespecified interactions by age, sex, BMI, and race/ethnicity were explored in each cohort and were meta-analysed. Potential heterogeneity by cohort-specific characteristics (regions, lipid compartments used for fatty acid assays) was assessed with metaregression. After adjustment for potential confounders, including measures of adiposity (BMI, waist circumference) and lipogenesis (levels of palmitate, triglycerides), higher levels of 15:0, 17:0, and t16:1n-7 were associated with lower incidence of T2D. In the most adjusted model, the hazard ratio (95% CI) for incident T2D per cohort-specific 10th to 90th percentile range of 15:0 was 0.80 (0.73-0.87); of 17:0, 0.65 (0.59-0.72); of t16:1n7, 0.82 (0.70-0.96); and of their sum, 0.71 (0.63-0.79). In exploratory analyses, similar associations for 15:0, 17:0, and the sum of all three fatty acids were present in both genders but stronger in women than in men (pinteraction < 0.001). Whereas studying associations with biomarkers has several advantages, as limitations, the biomarkers do not distinguish between different food sources of dairy fat (e.g., cheese, yogurt, milk), and residual confounding by unmeasured or imprecisely measured confounders may exist. CONCLUSIONS In a large meta-analysis that pooled the findings from 16 prospective cohort studies, higher levels of 15:0, 17:0, and t16:1n-7 were associated with a lower risk of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Imamura
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Fretts
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Matti Marklund
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Andres V. Ardisson Korat
- Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Wei-Sin Yang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Maria Lankinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Waqas Qureshi
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Bowman Gray Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Catherine Helmer
- INSERM, UMR 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Tzu-An Chen
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kerry Wong
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julie K. Bassett
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rachel Murphy
- Centre of Excellence in Cancer Prevention, School of Population & Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nathan Tintle
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Dordt College, Sioux Center, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Chaoyu Ian Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ingeborg A. Brouwer
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Earth & Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kuo-Liong Chien
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Alexis C. Frazier-Wood
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Liana C. del Gobbo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Luc Djoussé
- Divisions of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Janette de Goede
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association Research Institute, Holtasmári 1, Kópavogur, Iceland, Iceland
| | - William S. Harris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
- OmegaQuant Analytics LLC, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Allison Hodge
- Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Frank Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - InterAct Consortium
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Albert Koulman
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centres Core Nutritional Biomarker Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centres Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hung-Ju Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Zhongzheng District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Barbara McKnight
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kalina Rajaobelina
- INSERM, UMR 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Jennifer G. Robinson
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine at the University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Cécilia Samieri
- INSERM, UMR 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - David S. Siscovick
- The New York Academy of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sabita S. Soedamah-Muthu
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Center of Research on Psychology in Somatic Diseases, Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael Y. Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lynne E. Wagenknecht
- Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nick J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jason HY Wu
- The George Institute for Global Health and the Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Renata Micha
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nita G. Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rozenn N. Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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