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Ko YJ, Lim C, Jin J, Kim MG, Lee JY, Seong TY, Lee KY, Min BK, Choi JY, Noh T, Hwang GW, Lee WH, Oh HS. Extrinsic hydrophobicity-controlled silver nanoparticles as efficient and stable catalysts for CO 2 electrolysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3356. [PMID: 38637502 PMCID: PMC11026478 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47490-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
To realize economically feasible electrochemical CO2 conversion, achieving a high partial current density for value-added products is particularly vital. However, acceleration of the hydrogen evolution reaction due to cathode flooding in a high-current-density region makes this challenging. Herein, we find that partially ligand-derived Ag nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) could prevent electrolyte flooding while maintaining catalytic activity for CO2 electroreduction. This results in a high Faradaic efficiency for CO (>90%) and high partial current density (298.39 mA cm‒2), even under harsh stability test conditions (3.4 V). The suppressed splitting/detachment of Ag particles, due to the lipid ligand, enhance the uniform hydrophobicity retention of the Ag-NP electrode at high cathodic overpotentials and prevent flooding and current fluctuations. The mass transfer of gaseous CO2 is maintained in the catalytic region of several hundred nanometers, with the smooth formation of a triple phase boundary, which facilitate the occurrence of CO2RR instead of HER. We analyze catalyst degradation and cathode flooding during CO2 electrolysis through identical-location transmission electron microscopy and operando synchrotron-based X-ray computed tomography. This study develops an efficient strategy for designing active and durable electrocatalysts for CO2 electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jin Ko
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulwan Lim
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung Jin
- Center for Neuromorphic Engineering, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Gyu Kim
- Beamline Research Division, Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeong Lee
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yeon Seong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan-Young Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Koun Min
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Choi
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- KIST-SKKU Carbon-Neutral Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Taegeun Noh
- Platform Technology Research Center, LG Chem Ltd., 30, Magokjungang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul, 07796, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu Weon Hwang
- Center for Neuromorphic Engineering, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woong Hee Lee
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyung-Suk Oh
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- School of Advanced Materials Science & Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
- KIST-SKKU Carbon-Neutral Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Moon HJ, Albert L, De Falco E, Tasu C, Gauthier B, Park HD, Blanke O. Changes in spatial self-consciousness elicit grid cell-like representation in the entorhinal cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315758121. [PMID: 38489383 PMCID: PMC10962966 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315758121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Grid cells in the entorhinal cortex (EC) encode an individual's location in space, integrating both environmental and multisensory bodily cues. Notably, body-derived signals are also primary signals for the sense of self. While studies have demonstrated that continuous application of visuo-tactile bodily stimuli can induce perceptual shifts in self-location, it remains unexplored whether these illusory changes suffice to trigger grid cell-like representation (GCLR) within the EC, and how this compares to GCLR during conventional virtual navigation. To address this, we systematically induced illusory drifts in self-location toward controlled directions using visuo-tactile bodily stimulation, while maintaining the subjects' visual viewpoint fixed (absent conventional virtual navigation). Subsequently, we evaluated the corresponding GCLR in the EC through functional MRI analysis. Our results reveal that illusory changes in perceived self-location (independent of changes in environmental navigation cues) can indeed evoke entorhinal GCLR, correlating in strength with the magnitude of perceived self-location, and characterized by similar grid orientation as during conventional virtual navigation in the same virtual room. These data demonstrate that the same grid-like representation is recruited when navigating based on environmental, mainly visual cues, or when experiencing illusory forward drifts in self-location, driven by perceptual multisensory bodily cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk-June Moon
- Neuro-X Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne), Geneva1202, Switzerland
- Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne), Lausanne1015, Switzerland
- Bionics Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Louis Albert
- Neuro-X Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne), Geneva1202, Switzerland
- Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne), Lausanne1015, Switzerland
| | - Emanuela De Falco
- Neuro-X Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne), Geneva1202, Switzerland
- Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne), Lausanne1015, Switzerland
| | - Corentin Tasu
- Neuro-X Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne), Geneva1202, Switzerland
- Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne), Lausanne1015, Switzerland
| | - Baptiste Gauthier
- Neuro-X Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne), Geneva1202, Switzerland
- Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne), Lausanne1015, Switzerland
- Clinical Research Unit, Cantonal Hospital, Neuchâtel2000, Switzerland
| | - Hyeong-Dong Park
- Neuro-X Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne), Geneva1202, Switzerland
- Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne), Lausanne1015, Switzerland
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Neuro-X Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne), Geneva1202, Switzerland
- Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne), Lausanne1015, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital Geneva, Geneva1205, Switzerland
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3
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Kim DH, Hong S, Kim YS, Kim Y, Lee SW, Pooser RC, Oh K, Lee SY, Lee C, Lim HT. Distributed quantum sensing of multiple phases with fewer photons. Nat Commun 2024; 15:266. [PMID: 38212341 PMCID: PMC10784500 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44204-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Distributed quantum metrology has drawn intense interest as it outperforms the optimal classical counterparts in estimating multiple distributed parameters. However, most schemes so far have required entangled resources consisting of photon numbers equal to or more than the parameter numbers, which is a fairly demanding requirement as the number of nodes increases. Here, we present a distributed quantum sensing scenario in which quantum-enhanced sensitivity can be achieved with fewer photons than the number of parameters. As an experimental demonstration, using a two-photon entangled state, we estimate four phases distributed 3 km away from the central node, resulting in a 2.2 dB sensitivity enhancement from the standard quantum limit. Our results show that the Heisenberg scaling can be achieved even when using fewer photons than the number of parameters. We believe our scheme will open a pathway to perform large-scale distributed quantum sensing with currently available entangled sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyun Kim
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Seongjin Hong
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Yong-Su Kim
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
- Division of Nanoscience and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Yosep Kim
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Lee
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | | | - Kyunghwan Oh
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Su-Yong Lee
- Emerging Science and Technology Directorate, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, 34186, Korea
- Weapon Systems Engineering, ADD School, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34060, Korea
| | - Changhyoup Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Korea
| | - Hyang-Tag Lim
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea.
- Division of Nanoscience and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea.
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Jeon K, Ryu JJ, Im S, Seo HK, Eom T, Ju H, Yang MK, Jeong DS, Kim GH. Purely self-rectifying memristor-based passive crossbar array for artificial neural network accelerators. Nat Commun 2024; 15:129. [PMID: 38167379 PMCID: PMC10761713 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44620-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Memristor-integrated passive crossbar arrays (CAs) could potentially accelerate neural network (NN) computations, but studies on these devices are limited to software-based simulations owing to their poor reliability. Herein, we propose a self-rectifying memristor-based 1 kb CA as a hardware accelerator for NN computations. We conducted fully hardware-based single-layer NN classification tasks involving the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology database using the developed passive CA, and achieved 100% classification accuracy for 1500 test sets. We also investigated the influences of the defect-tolerance capability of the CA, impact of the conductance range of the integrated memristors, and presence or absence of selection functionality in the integrated memristors on the image classification tasks. We offer valuable insights into the behavior and performance of CA devices under various conditions and provide evidence of the practicality of memristor-integrated passive CAs as hardware accelerators for NN applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanghyeok Jeon
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Joo Ryu
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongil Im
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kyu Seo
- Intelligent Electronic Device Lab, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyong Eom
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsu Ju
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Kyu Yang
- Intelligent Electronic Device Lab, Sahmyook University, 815 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul, 01795, Republic of Korea.
| | - Doo Seok Jeong
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gun Hwan Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Department of System Semiconductor Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Cho J, Oh J, Bang J, Koh JH, Jeong HY, Chung S, Son JG. Roll-to-plate 0.1-second shear-rolling process at elevated temperature for highly aligned nanopatterns. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8412. [PMID: 38110407 PMCID: PMC10728125 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43766-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The shear-rolling process is a promising directed self-assembly method that can produce high-quality sub-10 nm block copolymer line-space patterns cost-effectively and straightforwardly over a large area. This study presents a high temperature (280 °C) and rapid (~0.1 s) shear-rolling process that can achieve a high degree of orientation in a single process while effectively preventing film delamination, that can be applied to large-area continuous processes. By minimizing adhesion, normal forces, and ultimate shear strain of the polydimethylsiloxane pad, shearing was successfully performed without peeling up to 280 °C at which the chain mobility significantly increases. This method can be utilized for various high-χ block copolymers and surface neutralization processes. It enables the creation of block copolymer patterns with a half-pitch as small as 8 nm in a unidirectional way. Moreover, the 0.1-second rapid shear-rolling was successfully performed on long, 3-inch width polyimide flexible films to validate its potential for the roll-to-roll process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghyun Cho
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoo Oh
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Joona Bang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jai Hyun Koh
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Yeub Jeong
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjun Chung
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Gon Son
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Kim H, Roh H, Kim SH, Lee K, Im M, Oh SJ. Effective protection of photoreceptors using an inflammation-responsive hydrogel to attenuate outer retinal degeneration. NPJ Regen Med 2023; 8:68. [PMID: 38097595 PMCID: PMC10721838 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-023-00342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an outer retinal degenerative disease that can lead to photoreceptor cell death and profound vision loss. Although effective regulation of intraretinal inflammation can slow down the progression of the disease, an efficient anti-inflammatory treatment strategy is still lacking. This study reports the fabrication of a hyaluronic acid-based inflammation-responsive hydrogel (IRH) and its epigenetic regulation effects on retinal degeneration. The injectable IRH was designed to respond to cathepsin overexpression in an inflammatory environment. The epigenetic drug, the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibitors, was loaded into the hydrogel to attenuate inflammatory factors. On-demand anti-inflammatory effects of microglia cells via the drug-loaded IRH were verified in vitro and in vivo retinal degeneration 10 (rd10) mice model. Therefore, our IRH not only reduced intraretinal inflammation but also protected photoreceptors morphologically and functionally. Our results suggest the IRH reported here can be used to considerably delay vision loss caused by RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyerim Kim
- Program in Nanoscience and Technology, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Hyeonhee Roh
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea
- School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Kim
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, KIST, Seoul, 02792, South Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Kangwon Lee
- Department of Applied Bioengineering, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
- Research Institute for Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.
| | - Maesoon Im
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea.
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea.
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, South Korea.
| | - Seung Ja Oh
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, South Korea.
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7
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Kang JH, Shin H, Kim KS, Song MK, Lee D, Meng Y, Choi C, Suh JM, Kim BJ, Kim H, Hoang AT, Park BI, Zhou G, Sundaram S, Vuong P, Shin J, Choe J, Xu Z, Younas R, Kim JS, Han S, Lee S, Kim SO, Kang B, Seo S, Ahn H, Seo S, Reidy K, Park E, Mun S, Park MC, Lee S, Kim HJ, Kum HS, Lin P, Hinkle C, Ougazzaden A, Ahn JH, Kim J, Bae SH. Monolithic 3D integration of 2D materials-based electronics towards ultimate edge computing solutions. Nat Mater 2023:10.1038/s41563-023-01704-z. [PMID: 38012388 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) hetero-integration technology is poised to revolutionize the field of electronics by stacking functional layers vertically, thereby creating novel 3D circuity architectures with high integration density and unparalleled multifunctionality. However, the conventional 3D integration technique involves complex wafer processing and intricate interlayer wiring. Here we demonstrate monolithic 3D integration of two-dimensional, material-based artificial intelligence (AI)-processing hardware with ultimate integrability and multifunctionality. A total of six layers of transistor and memristor arrays were vertically integrated into a 3D nanosystem to perform AI tasks, by peeling and stacking of AI processing layers made from bottom-up synthesized two-dimensional materials. This fully monolithic-3D-integrated AI system substantially reduces processing time, voltage drops, latency and footprint due to its densely packed AI processing layers with dense interlayer connectivity. The successful demonstration of this monolithic-3D-integrated AI system will not only provide a material-level solution for hetero-integration of electronics, but also pave the way for unprecedented multifunctional computing hardware with ultimate parallelism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hoon Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heechang Shin
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Seok Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Min-Kyu Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Doyoon Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yuan Meng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chanyeol Choi
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jun Min Suh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Beom Jin Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunseok Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anh Tuan Hoang
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-In Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Guanyu Zhou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Suresh Sundaram
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- CNRS, Georgia Tech - CNRS IRL 2958, GT-Europe, Metz, France
| | - Phuong Vuong
- CNRS, Georgia Tech - CNRS IRL 2958, GT-Europe, Metz, France
| | - Jiho Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jinyeong Choe
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhihao Xu
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rehan Younas
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Justin S Kim
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sangmoon Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sangho Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sun Ok Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Beomseok Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Seungju Seo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hyojung Ahn
- Future Innovation Research Center, Korea Aerospace Research Institute, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Aerospace System Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Seo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kate Reidy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eugene Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sungchul Mun
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Institute of Human Data Technology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Chul Park
- Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Suyoun Lee
- Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Kim
- Post-Silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun S Kum
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Christopher Hinkle
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Abdallah Ougazzaden
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- CNRS, Georgia Tech - CNRS IRL 2958, GT-Europe, Metz, France
| | - Jong-Hyun Ahn
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeehwan Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Sang-Hoon Bae
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
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8
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Jahng J, Lee S, Hong SG, Lee CJ, Menabde SG, Jang MS, Kim DH, Son J, Lee ES. Characterizing and controlling infrared phonon anomaly of bilayer graphene in optical-electrical force nanoscopy. Light Sci Appl 2023; 12:281. [PMID: 37996403 PMCID: PMC10667502 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01320-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
We, for the first time, report the nanoscopic imaging study of anomalous infrared (IR) phonon enhancement of bilayer graphene, originated from the charge imbalance between the top and bottom layers, resulting in the enhancement of E1u mode of bilayer graphene near 0.2 eV. We modified the multifrequency atomic force microscope platform to combine photo-induced force microscope with electrostatic/Kelvin probe force microscope constituting a novel hybrid nanoscale optical-electrical force imaging system. This enables to observe a correlation between the IR response, doping level, and topographic information of the graphene layers. Through the nanoscale spectroscopic image measurements, we demonstrate that the charge imbalance at the graphene interface can be controlled by chemical (doping effect via Redox mechanism) and mechanical (triboelectric effect by the doped cantilever) approaches. Moreover, we can also diagnosis the subsurface cracks on the stacked few-layer graphene at nanoscale, by monitoring the strain-induced IR phonon shift. Our approach provides new insights into the development of graphene-based electronic and photonic devices and their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghoon Jahng
- Hyperspectral Nano-imaging Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunho Lee
- Hyperspectral Nano-imaging Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Seong-Gu Hong
- Multiscale Mechanical Properties Measurement Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Jun Lee
- Multiscale Mechanical Properties Measurement Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sergey G Menabde
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seok Jang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Jeonbuk, 55324, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangyup Son
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Jeonbuk, 55324, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nano & Information Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seong Lee
- Hyperspectral Nano-imaging Team, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Moon HJ, Wu HP, De Falco E, Blanke O. Physical Body Orientation Impacts Virtual Navigation Experience and Performance. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0218-23.2023. [PMID: 37932043 PMCID: PMC10683533 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0218-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Most human navigation studies in MRI rely on virtual navigation. However, the necessary supine position in MRI makes it fundamentally different from daily ecological navigation. Nonetheless, until now, no study has assessed whether differences in physical body orientation (BO) affect participants' experienced BO during virtual navigation. Here, combining an immersive virtual reality navigation task with subjective BO measures and implicit behavioral measures, we demonstrate that physical BO (either standing or supine) modulates experienced BO. Also, we show that standing upright BO is preferred during spatial navigation: participants were more likely to experience a standing BO and were better at spatial navigation when standing upright. Importantly, we report that showing a supine virtual agent reduces the conflict between the preferred BO and physical supine BO. Our study provides critical, but missing, information regarding experienced BO during virtual navigation, which should be considered cautiously when designing navigation studies, especially in MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuk-June Moon
- Neuro-X Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland
- Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Bionics Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, South Korea
| | - Hsin-Ping Wu
- Neuro-X Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland
- Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emanuela De Falco
- Neuro-X Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland
- Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olaf Blanke
- Neuro-X Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1202 Geneva, Switzerland
- Brain Mind Institute, Faculty of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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10
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Eom J, Lee IH, Kee JY, Cho M, Seo J, Suh H, Choi HJ, Sim Y, Chen S, Chang HJ, Baek SH, Petrovic C, Ryu H, Jang C, Kim YD, Yang CH, Seong MJ, Lee JH, Park SY, Choi JW. Voltage control of magnetism in Fe 3-xGeTe 2/In 2Se 3 van der Waals ferromagnetic/ferroelectric heterostructures. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5605. [PMID: 37699895 PMCID: PMC10497543 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate the voltage control of magnetism in a van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure device consisting of two distinct vdW materials, the ferromagnetic Fe3-xGeTe2 and the ferroelectric In2Se3. It is observed that gate voltages applied to the Fe3-xGeTe2/In2Se3 heterostructure device modulate the magnetic properties of Fe3-xGeTe2 with significant decrease in coercive field for both positive and negative voltages. Raman spectroscopy on the heterostructure device shows voltage-dependent increase in the in-plane In2Se3 and Fe3-xGeTe2 lattice constants for both voltage polarities. Thus, the voltage-dependent decrease in the Fe3-xGeTe2 coercive field, regardless of the gate voltage polarity, can be attributed to the presence of in-plane tensile strain. This is supported by density functional theory calculations showing tensile-strain-induced reduction of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy, which in turn decreases the coercive field. Our results demonstrate an effective method to realize low-power voltage-controlled vdW spintronic devices utilizing the magnetoelectric effect in vdW ferromagnetic/ferroelectric heterostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeun Eom
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - In Hak Lee
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Jung Yun Kee
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
- Department of Physics, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Korea
| | - Minhyun Cho
- Department of Physics and Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Jeongdae Seo
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Hoyoung Suh
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jin Choi
- Electronic Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Yumin Sim
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Shuzhang Chen
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3800, USA
| | - Hye Jung Chang
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyub Baek
- Electronic Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Cedomir Petrovic
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-3800, USA
| | - Hyejin Ryu
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Chaun Jang
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Young Duck Kim
- Department of Physics and Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Chan-Ho Yang
- Department of Physics, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Maeng-Je Seong
- Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Jin Hong Lee
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea.
| | - Se Young Park
- Department of Physics, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Korea.
- Origin of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies (OMEG) Institute, Soongsil University, Seoul, 06978, Korea.
| | - Jun Woo Choi
- Center for Spintronics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Korea.
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11
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Oh JW, Lee S, Han H, Allam O, Choi JI, Lee H, Jiang W, Jang J, Kim G, Mun S, Lee K, Kim Y, Park JW, Lee S, Jang SS, Park C. Dual-light emitting 3D encryption with printable fluorescent-phosphorescent metal-organic frameworks. Light Sci Appl 2023; 12:226. [PMID: 37696793 PMCID: PMC10495391 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01274-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Optical encryption technologies based on room-temperature light-emitting materials are of considerable interest. Herein, we present three-dimensional (3D) printable dual-light-emitting materials for high-performance optical pattern encryption. These are based on fluorescent perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) embedded in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) designed for phosphorescent host-guest interactions. Notably, perovskite-containing MOFs emit a highly efficient blue phosphorescence, and perovskite NCs embedded in the MOFs emit characteristic green or red fluorescence under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. Such dual-light-emitting MOFs with independent fluorescence and phosphorescence emissions are employed in pochoir pattern encryption, wherein actual information with transient phosphorescence is efficiently concealed behind fake information with fluorescence under UV exposure. Moreover, a 3D cubic skeleton is developed with the dual-light-emitting MOF powder dispersed in 3D-printable polymer filaments for 3D dual-pattern encryption. This article outlines a universal principle for developing MOF-based room-temperature multi-light-emitting materials and a strategy for multidimensional information encryption with enhanced capacity and security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woo Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokyeong Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyowon Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Omar Allam
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 801 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0405, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
| | - Ji Il Choi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
| | - Hyeokjung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwanho Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungsoo Mun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonji Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Woong Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonju Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Soon Jang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 771 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA.
| | - Cheolmin Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Spin Convergence Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Han HB, Shin HS, Jeong Y, Kim J, Choi JH. Dynamic switching of neural oscillations in the prefrontal-amygdala circuit for naturalistic freeze-or-flight. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2308762120. [PMID: 37669394 PMCID: PMC10500169 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2308762120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) are involved in the regulation of defensive behavior under threat, but their engagement in flexible behavior shifts remains unclear. Here, we report the oscillatory activities of mPFC-BLA circuit in reaction to a naturalistic threat, created by a predatory robot in mice. Specifically, we found dynamic frequency tuning among two different theta rhythms (~5 or ~10 Hz) was accompanied by agile changes of two different defensive behaviors (freeze-or-flight). By analyzing flight trajectories, we also found that high beta (~30 Hz) is engaged in the top-down process for goal-directed flights and accompanied by a reduction in fast gamma (60 to 120 Hz, peak near 70 Hz). The elevated beta nested the fast gamma activity by its phase more strongly. Our results suggest that the mPFC-BLA circuit has a potential role in oscillatory gear shifting allowing flexible information routing for behavior switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hio-Been Han
- Computational Cognitive & Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul02792, Republic of Korea
- Program of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sup Shin
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon34126, Republic of Korea
- SL Bigen Co., Incheon21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jeong
- Program of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Kim
- Computational Cognitive & Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 3EG, United Kingdom
| | - Jee Hyun Choi
- Computational Cognitive & Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics and Center for Theoretical Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
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13
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Kang G, Kim YJ, Lee SJ, Kim SK, Lee DY, Song K. Grasping through dynamic weaving with entangled closed loops. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4633. [PMID: 37532695 PMCID: PMC10397280 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40358-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pick-and-place is essential in diverse robotic applications for industries including manufacturing, and assembly. Soft grippers offer a cost-effective, and low-maintenance alternative for secure object grasping without complex sensing and control systems. However, their inherent softness normally limits payload capabilities and robustness to external disturbances, constraining their applications and hindering reliable performance. In this study, we propose a weaving-inspired grasping mechanism that substantially increases payload capacity while maintaining the use of soft and flexible materials. Drawing from weaving principles, we designed a flexible continuum structure featuring multiple closed-loop strips and employing a kirigami-inspired approach to enable the instantaneous and reversible creation of a woven configuration. The mechanical stability of the woven configuration offers exceptional loading capacity, while the softness of the gripper material ensures safe and adaptive interactions with objects. Experimental results show that the 130 g·f gripper can support up to 100 kg·f. Outperforming competitors in similar weight and softness domains, this breakthrough, enabled by the weaving principle, will broaden the scope of gripper applications to previously inaccessible or barely accessible fields, such as agriculture and logistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongji Kang
- Center for Intelligent and Interactive Robotics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joo Kim
- Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Lee
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Kwon Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Young Lee
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
- KAIST Institute for Robotics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kahye Song
- Center for Intelligent and Interactive Robotics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Lee S, Hwang N, Seok BG, Lee S, Lee SJ, Chung SW. Autophagy mediates an amplification loop during ferroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:464. [PMID: 37491375 PMCID: PMC10368698 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05978-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis, a programmed cell death, has been identified and associated with cancer and various other diseases. Ferroptosis is defined as a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent cell death related to iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, which is different from apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, and other forms of cell death. However, accumulating evidence has revealed a link between autophagy and ferroptosis at the molecular level and has suggested that autophagy is involved in regulating the accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation and ROS during ferroptosis. Understanding the roles and pathophysiological processes of autophagy during ferroptosis may provide effective strategies for the treatment of ferroptosis-related diseases. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the regulatory mechanisms underlying ferroptosis, including iron and lipid metabolism, and its association with the autophagy pathway. In addition, we discuss the contribution of autophagy to ferroptosis and elucidate the role of autophagy as a ferroptosis enhancer during ROS-dependent ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghee Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44610, South Korea
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Narae Hwang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Byeong Geun Seok
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44610, South Korea
| | - Sangguk Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44610, South Korea
| | - Seon-Jin Lee
- Environmental Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Su Wol Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Ulsan, 93 Daehak-ro, Nam-gu, Ulsan, 44610, South Korea.
- Basic-Clinical Convergence Research Institute, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, South Korea.
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15
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Chae U, Woo J, Cho Y, Han JK, Yang SH, Yang E, Shin H, Kim H, Yu HY, Lee CJ, Cho IJ. A neural probe for concurrent real-time measurement of multiple neurochemicals with electrophysiology in multiple brain regions in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2219231120. [PMID: 37399389 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2219231120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of various neurochemicals with high spatial resolution in multiple brain regions in vivo can elucidate neural circuits related to various brain diseases. However, previous systems for monitoring neurochemicals have limitations in observing multiple neurochemicals without crosstalk in real time, and these methods cannot record electrical activity, which is essential for investigating neural circuits. Here, we present a real-time bimodal (RTBM) neural probe that uses monolithically integrated biosensors and multiple shanks to study the connectivity of neural circuits by measuring multiple neurochemicals and electrical neural activity in real time. Using the RTBM probe, we demonstrate concurrent measurements of four neurochemicals-glucose, lactate, choline, and glutamate without cross-talking each other-and electrical activity in real time in vivo. Additionally, we show the functional connectivity between the medial prefrontal cortex and mediodorsal thalamus through the simultaneous measurement of chemical and electrical signals. We expect that our device will contribute to not only elucidating the role of neurochemicals in neural circuits related to brain functions but also developing drugs for various brain diseases related to neurochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uikyu Chae
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwan Woo
- Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yakdol Cho
- Research Animal Resource Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Kyu Han
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Yang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Esther Yang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyogeun Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Yong Yu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - C Justin Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Joo Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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16
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Kim J, Andrews-Hanna JR, Eisenbarth H, Lux BK, Kim HJ, Lee E, Lindquist MA, Losin EAR, Wager TD, Woo CW. A dorsomedial prefrontal cortex-based dynamic functional connectivity model of rumination. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3540. [PMID: 37321986 PMCID: PMC10272121 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39142-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Rumination is a cognitive style characterized by repetitive thoughts about one's negative internal states and is a common symptom of depression. Previous studies have linked trait rumination to alterations in the default mode network, but predictive brain markers of rumination are lacking. Here, we adopt a predictive modeling approach to develop a neuroimaging marker of rumination based on the variance of dynamic resting-state functional connectivity and test it across 5 diverse subclinical and clinical samples (total n = 288). A whole-brain marker based on dynamic connectivity with the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) emerges as generalizable across the subclinical datasets. A refined marker consisting of the most important features from a virtual lesion analysis further predicts depression scores of adults with major depressive disorder (n = 35). This study highlights the role of the dmPFC in trait rumination and provides a dynamic functional connectivity marker for rumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungwoo Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Jessica R Andrews-Hanna
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Cognitive Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Hedwig Eisenbarth
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Byeol Kim Lux
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Hong Ji Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Eunjin Lee
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Martin A Lindquist
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Reynolds Losin
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Tor D Wager
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
| | - Choong-Wan Woo
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science, Suwon, South Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea.
- Life-inspired Neural Network for Prediction and Optimization Research Group, Suwon, South Korea.
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17
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Masud MA, Kim JY, Kim E. Effective dose window for containing tumor burden under tolerable level. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2023; 9:17. [PMID: 37221258 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-023-00279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) reduces the drug-sensitive cell population, though it may result in the competitive release of drug resistance. Alternative treatment strategies such as adaptive therapy (AT) or dose modulation aim to impose competitive stress on drug-resistant cell populations by maintaining a sufficient number of drug-sensitive cells. However, given the heterogeneous treatment response and tolerable tumor burden level of individual patients, determining an effective dose that can fine-tune competitive stress remains challenging. This study presents a mathematical model-driven approach that determines the plausible existence of an effective dose window (EDW) as a range of doses that conserve sufficient sensitive cells while maintaining the tumor volume below a threshold tolerable tumor volume (TTV). We use a mathematical model that explains intratumor cell competition. Analyzing the model, we derive an EDW determined by TTV and the competitive strength. By applying a fixed endpoint optimal control model, we determine the minimal dose to contain cancer at a TTV. As a proof of concept, we study the existence of EDW for a small cohort of melanoma patients by fitting the model to longitudinal tumor response data. We performed identifiability analysis, and for the patients with uniquely identifiable parameters, we deduced patient-specific EDW and minimal dose. The tumor volume for a patient could be theoretically contained at the TTV either using continuous dose or AT strategy with doses belonging to EDW. Further, we conclude that the lower bound of the EDW approximates the minimum effective dose (MED) for containing tumor volume at the TTV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Masud
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Kim
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjung Kim
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung, 25451, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Kim T, Park H, Tanaka-Yamamoto K, Yamamoto Y. Developmental timing-dependent organization of synaptic connections between mossy fibers and granule cells in the cerebellum. Commun Biol 2023; 6:446. [PMID: 37095324 PMCID: PMC10125988 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04825-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-standing hypothesis that synapses between mossy fibers (MFs) and cerebellar granule cells (GCs) are organized according to the origins of MFs and locations of GC axons, parallel fibers (PFs), is supported by recent findings. However, the mechanisms of such organized synaptic connections remain unknown. Here, using our technique that enabled PF location-dependent labeling of GCs in mice, we confirmed that synaptic connections of GCs with specific MFs originating from the pontine nucleus (PN-MFs) and dorsal column nuclei (DCoN-MFs) were gently but differentially organized according to their PF locations. We then found that overall MF-GC synaptic connectivity was biased in a way that dendrites of GCs having nearby PFs tended to connect with the same MF terminals, implying that the MF origin- and PF location-dependent organization is associated with the overall biased MF-GC synaptic connectivity. Furthermore, the development of PN-MFs preceded that of DCoN-MFs, which matches the developmental sequence of GCs that preferentially connect with each type of these MFs. Thus, our results revealed that overall MF-GC synaptic connectivity is biased in terms of PF locations, and suggested that such connectivity is likely the result of synaptic formation between developmental timing-matched partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taegon Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Heeyoun Park
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Keiko Tanaka-Yamamoto
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yukio Yamamoto
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Hong S, Ur Rehman J, Kim YS, Cho YW, Lee SW, Jung H, Moon S, Han SW, Lim HT. Quantum enhanced multiple-phase estimation with multi-mode N00N states. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5211. [PMID: 34471118 PMCID: PMC8410777 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25451-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum metrology can achieve enhanced sensitivity for estimating unknown parameters beyond the standard quantum limit. Recently, multiple-phase estimation exploiting quantum resources has attracted intensive interest for its applications in quantum imaging and sensor networks. For multiple-phase estimation, the amount of enhanced sensitivity is dependent on quantum probe states, and multi-mode N00N states are known to be a key resource for this. However, its experimental demonstration has been missing so far since generating such states is highly challenging. Here, we report generation of multi-mode N00N states and experimental demonstration of quantum enhanced multiple-phase estimation using the multi-mode N00N states. In particular, we show that the quantum Cramer-Rao bound can be saturated using our two-photon four-mode N00N state and measurement scheme using a 4 × 4 multi-mode beam splitter. Our multiple-phase estimation strategy provides a faithful platform to investigate multiple parameter estimation scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongjin Hong
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea
| | - Junaid Ur Rehman
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea
- Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Yong-Su Kim
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea
- Division of Nano and Information Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Wook Cho
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Lee
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea
| | - Hojoong Jung
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Moon
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea
- Division of Nano and Information Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Han
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea
- Division of Nano and Information Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyang-Tag Lim
- Center for Quantum Information, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea.
- Division of Nano and Information Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea.
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20
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Abstract
Temporal modulation of the expression of multiple genes underlies complex complex biological phenomena. However, there are few scalable and generalizable gene circuit architectures for the programming of sequential genetic perturbations. Here, we describe a modular recombinase-based gene circuit architecture, comprising tandem gene perturbation cassettes (GPCs), that enables the sequential expression of multiple genes in a defined temporal order by alternating treatment with just two orthogonal ligands. We use tandem GPCs to sequentially express single-guide RNAs to encode transcriptional cascades that trigger the sequential accumulation of mutations. We build an all-in-one gene circuit that sequentially edits genomic loci, synchronizes cells at a specific stage within a gene expression cascade, and deletes itself for safety. Tandem GPCs offer a multi-tiered cellular programming tool for modeling multi-stage genetic changes, such as tumorigenesis and cellular differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tackhoon Kim
- Research Lab of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Benjamin Weinberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wilson Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biological Design Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy K Lu
- Research Lab of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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21
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Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been considered a noninvasive and cost-effective modality for tumor treatment. However, the complexity of tumor microenvironments poses challenges to the implementation of traditional PDT. Here, we review recent advances in PDT to resolve the current problems. Major breakthroughs in PDTs are enabling significant progress in molecular medicine and are interconnected with innovative strategies based on smart bio/nanomaterials or therapeutic insights. We focus on newly developed PDT strategies designed by tailoring photosensitive reactive oxygen species generation, which include the use of proteinaceous photosensitizers, self-illumination, or oxygen-independent approaches. While these updated PDT platforms are expected to enable major advances in cancer treatment, addressing future challenges related to biosafety and target specificity is discussed throughout as a necessary goal to expand the usefulness of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Loc Sai
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Lee
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Duc Long Nguyen
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Pil Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Department of HY-KIST Bio-Convergence, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Kim DH, Ringe S, Kim H, Kim S, Kim B, Bae G, Oh HS, Jaouen F, Kim W, Kim H, Choi CH. Selective electrochemical reduction of nitric oxide to hydroxylamine by atomically dispersed iron catalyst. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1856. [PMID: 33767159 PMCID: PMC7994811 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrocatalytic conversion of nitrogen oxides to value-added chemicals is a promising strategy for mitigating the human-caused unbalance of the global nitrogen-cycle, but controlling product selectivity remains a great challenge. Here we show iron-nitrogen-doped carbon as an efficient and durable electrocatalyst for selective nitric oxide reduction into hydroxylamine. Using in operando spectroscopic techniques, the catalytic site is identified as isolated ferrous moieties, at which the rate for hydroxylamine production increases in a super-Nernstian way upon pH decrease. Computational multiscale modelling attributes the origin of unconventional pH dependence to the redox active (non-innocent) property of NO. This makes the rate-limiting NO adsorbate state more sensitive to surface charge which varies with the pH-dependent overpotential. Guided by these fundamental insights, we achieve a Faradaic efficiency of 71% and an unprecedented production rate of 215 μmol cm-2 h-1 at a short-circuit mode in a flow-type fuel cell without significant catalytic deactivation over 50 h operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Stefan Ringe
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Haesol Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sejun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bupmo Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Republic of Korea
| | - Geunsu Bae
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Suk Oh
- Clean Energy Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Frédéric Jaouen
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Wooyul Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang Hyuck Choi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Shin H, Jeong S, Lee JH, Sun W, Choi N, Cho IJ. 3D high-density microelectrode array with optical stimulation and drug delivery for investigating neural circuit dynamics. Nat Commun 2021; 12:492. [PMID: 33479237 PMCID: PMC7820464 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20763-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Investigation of neural circuit dynamics is crucial for deciphering the functional connections among regions of the brain and understanding the mechanism of brain dysfunction. Despite the advancements of neural circuit models in vitro, technologies for both precisely monitoring and modulating neural activities within three-dimensional (3D) neural circuit models have yet to be developed. Specifically, no existing 3D microelectrode arrays (MEAs) have integrated capabilities to stimulate surrounding neurons and to monitor the temporal evolution of the formation of a neural network in real time. Herein, we present a 3D high-density multifunctional MEA with optical stimulation and drug delivery for investigating neural circuit dynamics within engineered 3D neural tissues. We demonstrate precise measurements of synaptic latencies in 3D neural networks. We expect our 3D multifunctional MEA to open up opportunities for studies of neural circuits through precise, in vitro investigations of neural circuit dynamics with 3D brain models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyogeun Shin
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyeon Jeong
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Hyun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Sun
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Choi
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Il-Joo Cho
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Kim T, Yu ES, Bae YG, Lee J, Kim IS, Chung S, Lee SY, Ryu YS. Asymmetric optical camouflage: tuneable reflective colour accompanied by the optical Janus effect. Light Sci Appl 2020; 9:175. [PMID: 33088492 PMCID: PMC7569085 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00413-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Going beyond an improved colour gamut, an asymmetric colour contrast, which depends on the viewing direction, and its ability to readily deliver information could create opportunities for a wide range of applications, such as next-generation optical switches, colour displays, and security features in anti-counterfeiting devices. Here, we propose a simple Fabry-Perot etalon architecture capable of generating viewing-direction-sensitive colour contrasts and encrypting pre-inscribed information upon immersion in particular solvents (optical camouflage). Based on the experimental verification of the theoretical modelling, we have discovered a completely new and exotic optical phenomenon involving a tuneable colour switch for viewing-direction-dependent information delivery, which we define as asymmetric optical camouflage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehyun Kim
- Sensor System Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea
- Department of Micro/Nano Systems, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Sang Yu
- Sensor System Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Gyu Bae
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsu Lee
- Sensor System Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - In Soo Kim
- Nanophotonics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Chung
- Department of Micro/Nano Systems, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Lee
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sang Ryu
- Sensor System Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792 Republic of Korea
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25
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Kang LJ, Oh E, Cho C, Kwon H, Lee CG, Jeon J, Lee H, Choi S, Han SJ, Nam J, Song CU, Jung H, Kim HY, Park EJ, Choi EJ, Kim J, Eyun SI, Yang S. 3'-Sialyllactose prebiotics prevents skin inflammation via regulatory T cell differentiation in atopic dermatitis mouse models. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5603. [PMID: 32221370 PMCID: PMC7101440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
3'-Sialyllactose (3'-SL), a natural prebiotic, maintains immune homeostasis and exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects. Although regulatory T cells (Tregs) prevent excessive inflammation and maintain immune tolerance, the effect of 3'-SL on Treg regulation is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of 3'-SL on Treg responses in atopic dermatitis (AD) pathogenesis. Oral administration of 3'-SL reduced AD-like symptoms such as ear, epidermal, and dermal thickness in repeated topical application of house dust mites (HDM) and 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). 3'-SL inhibited IgE, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α secretion and markedly downregulated AD-related cytokines including IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, IL-17, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and Tslp through regulation of NF-κB in ear tissue. Additionally, in vitro assessment of Treg differentiation revealed that 3'-SL directly induced TGF-β-mediated Treg differentiation. Furthermore, 3'-SL administration also ameliorated sensitization and elicitation of AD pathogenesis by suppressing mast cell infiltration and production of IgE and pro-inflammatory cytokines in mouse serum by mediating the Treg response. Furthermore, Bifidobacterium population was also increased by 3'-SL administration as prebiotics. Our data collectively show that 3'-SL has therapeutic effects against AD progression by inducing Treg differentiation, downregulating AD-related cytokines, and increasing the Bifidobacterium population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunjeong Oh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanmi Cho
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - HoKeun Kwon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Choong-Gu Lee
- Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST) Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangwon-do, 25451, Republic of Korea
| | - Jimin Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemi Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangil Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jae Han
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiho Nam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi-Une Song
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunho Jung
- Synovizen Inc, Seoul, 06621, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of mucosal immunology, Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Park
- East-West Medical Research Institute, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Choi
- Department of Physical Education, College of Education, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyoung Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong-Il Eyun
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Siyoung Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea.
- CIRNO, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Zhang K, Lee TH, Cha JH, Jang HW, Choi JW, Mahmoudi M, Shokouhimehr M. Metal-organic framework-derived metal oxide nanoparticles@reduced graphene oxide composites as cathode materials for rechargeable aluminium-ion batteries. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13739. [PMID: 31551435 PMCID: PMC6760151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of metal oxides as electrode materials has seen great success in lithium-ion batteries. However, this type of electrode materials has been regarded as an improper option for rechargeable aluminium-ion batteries (AIBs) in comparison with sulfides and selenides, and has, thus, been nearly abandoned. Here, we demonstrate the suitability of metal oxides as cathode materials of AIBs, exhibiting high electrochemical activities toward Al-ion storage. We designed economical metal-oxide cathodes (Co3O4@reduced graphene oxide (rGO), Fe2O3@rGO, and CoFe2O4@rGO) for AIBs. The Co3O4@rGO displayed superior electrochemical properties, regarding both capacity and lifespan, to the current state-of-the-art cathode material reported by scientific literature. Furthermore, the CoFe2O4@rGO exhibits rational electrochemical capacities and an extremely stable charge/discharge process with an excellent Coulombic efficiency of 99.6%. The proposed study expects to stimulate researchers to focus on the overlooked metal oxides as competitive cathode materials for high performance AIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqiang Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Electronic Materials Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hwan Cha
- Innovative Enterprise Cooperation Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Choi
- Electronic Materials Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Morteza Mahmoudi
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA.
| | - Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA.
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27
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Zhang K, Lee TH, Cha JH, Varma RS, Choi JW, Jang HW, Shokouhimehr M. Two-dimensional boron nitride as a sulfur fixer for high performance rechargeable aluminum-sulfur batteries. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13573. [PMID: 31537878 PMCID: PMC6753128 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs) are regarded as promising candidates for post-lithium-ion batteries due to their lack of flammability and electrochemical performance comparable to other metal-ion batteries. The lack of suitable cathode materials, however, has hindered the development of high-performing AIBs. Sulfur is a cost-efficient material, having distinguished electrochemical properties, and is considered an attractive cathode material for AIBs. Several pioneering reports have shown that aluminum-sulfur batteries (ASBs) exhibit superior electrochemical capacity over other cathode materials for AIBs. However, a rapid decay in the capacity is a huge barrier for their practical applications. Here, we have demonstrated systematically for the first time that the two-dimensional layered materials (e.g. MoS2, WS2, and BN) can serve as fixers of S and sulfide compounds during repeated charge/discharge processes; BN/S/C displays the highest capacity of 532 mAh g-1 (at a current density of 100 mA g-1) compared with the current state-of-the-art cathode material for AIBs. Further, we could improve the life-span of ASBs to an unprecedented 300 cycles with a high Coulombic efficiency of 94.3%; discharge plateaus at ~1.15 V vs. AlCl4-/Al was clearly observed during repeated charge/discharge cycling. We believe that this work opens up a new method for achieving high-performing ASBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqiang Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Electronic Materials Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hwan Cha
- Small & Medium Enterprises Support Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Faculty of Science, Palacky University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ji-Won Choi
- Electronic Materials Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Won Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Oh J, Suh HS, Ko Y, Nah Y, Lee JC, Yeom B, Char K, Ross CA, Son JG. Universal perpendicular orientation of block copolymer microdomains using a filtered plasma. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2912. [PMID: 31266942 PMCID: PMC6606568 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10907-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sub-10 nm patterns prepared by directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymer (BCP) thin films offer a breakthrough method to overcome the limitations of photolithography. Perpendicular orientation of the BCP nanostructures is essential for lithographic applications, but dissimilar surface/interfacial energies of two blocks generally favour parallel orientations, so that the perpendicular orientation could only be obtained under very limited conditions. Here, we introduce a generalized method for creating perpendicular orientations by filtered plasma treatment of the BCP films. By cross-linking the surface of disordered BCP films using only physical collisions of neutral species without ion bombardment or UV irradiation, neutral layers consistent with the BCP volume fraction are produced that promote the perpendicular orientations. This method works with BCPs of various types, volume fractions, and molecular weights individually at the top and bottom interfaces, so it was applied to orientation-controlled 3D multilayer structures and DSA processes for sub-10 nm line-spacing patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwoo Oh
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Youngpyo Ko
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonseo Nah
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Chan Lee
- School of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongjun Yeom
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Kookheon Char
- School of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Caroline A Ross
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jeong Gon Son
- Photo-Electronic Hybrids Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Energy & Environment Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Jung D, Kim S, Sariev A, Sharif F, Kim D, Royer S. Dentate granule and mossy cells exhibit distinct spatiotemporal responses to local change in a one-dimensional landscape of visual-tactile cues. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9545. [PMID: 31267019 PMCID: PMC6606600 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45983-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The dentate gyrus (DG) is critical for detecting changes in environments; however, how granule cells (GCs) and mossy cells (MCs), the two excitatory cell types of the DG, respond to small changes in the object layout is unclear. Here, we recorded GCs and MCs, identified by spike feature and optogenetic tagging, as mice ran on a treadmill belt enriched with visual-tactile cues. We observed that fixing a new cue on the belt induced a reconfiguration of GC and MC spatial representations via the emergence, extinction and rate alteration of firing fields. For both GCs and MCs, the response was maximal near the cue and spread over the entire belt. However, compared to the GC response, the MC response was stronger and more immediate, peaked at a slightly earlier belt position, and exhibited a transient component reminiscent of neuromodulatory activity. A competitive neural network model reproduced the GC response contingent on both the introduction of new object-vector inputs and the reconfiguration of MC activity, the former being critical for spreading the GC response in locations distant from the cue. These findings suggest that GCs operate as a competitive network and that MCs precede GCs in detecting changes and help expand the range of GC pattern separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajung Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoun Kim
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Anvar Sariev
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Farnaz Sharif
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesoo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sebastien Royer
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Abstract
Electronic density of states (DOS) is a key factor in condensed matter physics and material science that determines the properties of metals. First-principles density-functional theory (DFT) calculations have typically been used to obtain the DOS despite the considerable computation cost. Herein, we report a fast machine learning method for predicting the DOS patterns of not only bulk structures but also surface structures in multi-component alloy systems by a principal component analysis. Within this framework, we use only four features to define the composition, atomic structure, and surfaces of alloys, which are the d-orbital occupation ratio, coordination number, mixing factor, and the inverse of miller indices. While the DFT method scales as O(N3) in which N is the number of electrons in the system size, our pattern learning method can be independent on the number of electrons. Furthermore, our method provides a pattern similarity of 91 ~ 98% compared to DFT calculations. This reveals that our learning method will be an alternative that can break the trade-off relationship between accuracy and speed that is well known in the field of electronic structure calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Chul Yeo
- Computational Science Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghun Kim
- Computational Science Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Chansoo Kim
- Computational Science Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Soo Han
- Computational Science Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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31
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Lee J, Song B, Subbiah R, Chung JJ, Choi UH, Park K, Kim SH, Oh SJ. Effect of chain flexibility on cell adhesion: Semi-flexible model-based analysis of cell adhesion to hydrogels. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2463. [PMID: 30792420 PMCID: PMC6385503 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38951-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels have been developed and applied to various biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility. However, understanding of modulation between cells to hydrogel interface is still unclear, and parameters to explain the interaction are not sophisticated enough. In this report, we studied the effect of polymer chain flexibility on cell adhesion to various hydrogel constructs of collagen and fibrin gels. Specifically, novel method of semi-flexible model-based analysis confirmed that chain flexibility mediated microstructure of the hydrogels is a critical factor for cell adhesion on their surfaces. The proposed analysis showed possibility of more accurate prediction of biocompatibility of hydrogels, and it should be considered as one of the important criteria for polymer design and selections for enhancing both biocompatibility and biofunctionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooyoung Lee
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Boa Song
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramesh Subbiah
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Justin J Chung
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - U Hyeok Choi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48547, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwideok Park
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Heon Kim
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Ja Oh
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
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