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Nanbo A. Current Insights into the Maturation of Epstein-Barr Virus Particles. Microorganisms 2024; 12:806. [PMID: 38674750 PMCID: PMC11051851 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The three subfamilies of herpesviruses (alphaherpesviruses, betaherpesviruses, and gammaherpesviruses) appear to share a unique mechanism for the maturation and egress of virions, mediated by several budding and fusion processes of various organelle membranes during replication, which prevents cellular membrane disruption. Newly synthesized viral DNA is packaged into capsids within the nucleus, which are subsequently released into the cytoplasm via sequential fusion (primary envelopment) and budding through the inner and outer nuclear membranes. Maturation concludes with tegumentation and the secondary envelopment of nucleocapsids, which are mediated by budding into various cell organelles. Intracellular compartments containing mature virions are transported to the plasma membrane via host vesicular trafficking machinery, where they fuse with the plasma membrane to extracellularly release mature virions. The entire process of viral maturation is orchestrated by sequential interactions between viral proteins and intracellular membranes. Compared with other herpesvirus subfamilies, the mechanisms of gammaherpesvirus maturation and egress remain poorly understood. This review summarizes the major findings, including recently updated information of the molecular mechanism underlying the maturation and egress process of the Epstein-Barr virus, a ubiquitous human gammaherpesvirus subfamily member that infects most of the population worldwide and is associated with a number of human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Nanbo
- National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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2
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Ichikawa T, Suekane A, Nakahata S, Iha H, Shimoda K, Murakami T, Morishita K. Inhibition of PRMT5/MEP50 Arginine Methyltransferase Activity Causes Cancer Vulnerability in NDRG2 low Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2842. [PMID: 38474089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2), which is a tumour suppressor, is frequently lost in many types of tumours, including adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL). The downregulation of NDRG2 expression is involved in tumour progression through the aberrant phosphorylation of several important signalling molecules. We observed that the downregulation of NDRG2 induced the translocation of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) from the nucleus to the cytoplasm via the increased phosphorylation of PRMT5 at Serine 335. In NDRG2low ATL, cytoplasmic PRMT5 enhanced HSP90A chaperone activity via arginine methylation, leading to tumour progression and the maintenance of oncogenic client proteins. Therefore, we examined whether the inhibition of PRMT5 activity is a drug target in NDRG2low tumours. The knockdown of PRMT5 and binding partner methylsome protein 50 (MEP50) expression significantly demonstrated the suppression of cell proliferation via the degradation of AKT and NEMO in NDRG2low ATL cells, whereas NDRG2-expressing cells did not impair the stability of client proteins. We suggest that the relationship between PRMT5/MEP50 and the downregulation of NDRG2 may exhibit a novel vulnerability and a therapeutic target. Treatment with the PRMT5-specific inhibitors CMP5 and HLCL61 was more sensitive in NDRG2low cancer cells than in NDRG2-expressing cells via the inhibition of HSP90 arginine methylation, along with the degradation of client proteins. Thus, interference with PRMT5 activity has become a feasible and effective strategy for promoting cancer vulnerability in NDRG2low ATL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonaga Ichikawa
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
- Department of Microbiology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Akira Suekane
- Trauma and Acute Critical Care Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakahata
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
- Division of HTLV-1/ATL Carcinogenesis and Therapeutics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Hidekatsu Iha
- Division of Pathophysiology, The Research Center for GLOBAL and LOCAL Infectious Diseases (RCGLID), Oita University, Yufu 879-5503, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shimoda
- Division of Hematology, Diabetes, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Microbiology, Saitama Medical University, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Morishita
- Division of Tumor and Cellular Biochemistry, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
- Project for Advanced Medical Research and Development, Project Research Division, Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
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3
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Toshida K, Itoh S, Iseda N, Izumi T, Yoshiya S, Toshima T, Ninomiya M, Iwasaki T, Oda Y, Yoshizumi T. Impact of TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator on malignant activity and resistance to ferroptosis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:170-183. [PMID: 37878531 PMCID: PMC10823267 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR) is an important gene that encodes a regulatory enzyme of glycolysis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification and is associated with worse prognosis in various cancers. Ferroptosis is a recently identified type of programmed cell death that is triggered by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation. There are no reports on the prognostic impact of TIGAR on intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), and its role in ferroptosis is unclear. Ninety ICC patients who had undergone hepatic resection were enrolled. Immunohistochemical staining for TIGAR was performed. The regulation of malignant activity by TIGAR and the association between ferroptosis and TIGAR were investigated in vitro. Twenty-two (24.4%) patients were categorized into TIGAR-high and -low groups by immunohistochemical staining. There were no noticeable differences in background factors between the two groups, but TIGAR positivity was an independent prognostic factor in disease-free survival (hazard ratio [HR], 2.00; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-3.85, p = 0.0378) and overall survival (HR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.03-4.30, p = 0.00422) in a multivariate analysis. In vitro, TIGAR knockdown (KD) decreased cell motility (cell proliferation/migration/invasion/colony-forming capabilities) and elevated ROS and lipid peroxidation. This indicated that TIGAR KD induced ferroptosis. TIGAR KD-induced ferroptosis was suppressed using liproxstatin. TIGAR KD decreased the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4, known as factor-suppressing ferroptosis. The combination of TIGAR KD with cisplatin significantly induced more ferroptosis. In conclusion, TIGAR is associated with poor outcomes in ICC patients and resistance to ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Toshida
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Shinji Itoh
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Norifumi Iseda
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Takuma Izumi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Shohei Yoshiya
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Takeo Toshima
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Mizuki Ninomiya
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Takeshi Iwasaki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
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4
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Kido J, Egami K, Misumi Y, Sugawara K, Tsuchida N, Matsumoto N, Ueda M, Nakamura K. X-linked intellectual disability related to a novel variant of KLHL15. Hum Genome Var 2023; 10:21. [PMID: 37452054 PMCID: PMC10349042 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-023-00248-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Kelch-like (KLHL) 15, localized on chromosome Xp22.11, was recently identified as an X-linked intellectual disability gene. Herein, we report a case of a male patient with a novel nonsense variant, c.736 C > T p.(Arg246*), in KLHL15, who presented with impaired intelligence, short stature, frequent hypoglycemia, and periodic fever. Patients with nonsense variants in KLHL15 may develop intellectual disabilities, minor skeletal anomalies, and facial dysmorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kido
- Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | | | - Yohei Misumi
- Department of Neurology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Keishin Sugawara
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naomi Tsuchida
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Rare Disease Genomics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mitsuharu Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kimitoshi Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Haneishi Y, Furuya Y, Hasegawa M, Takemae H, Tanioka Y, Mizutani T, Rossi M, Miyamoto J. Polyunsaturated fatty acids-rich dietary lipid prevents high fat diet-induced obesity in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5556. [PMID: 37019935 PMCID: PMC10076282 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32851-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diet is the primary factor affecting host nutrition and metabolism, with excess food intake, especially high-calorie diets, such as high-fat and high-sugar diets, causing an increased risk of obesity and related disorders. Obesity alters the gut microbial composition and reduces microbial diversity and causes changes in specific bacterial taxa. Dietary lipids can alter the gut microbial composition in obese mice. However, the regulation of gut microbiota and host energy homeostasis by different polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in dietary lipids remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that different PUFAs in dietary lipids improved host metabolism in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice. The intake of the different PUFA-enriched dietary lipids improved metabolism in HFD-induced obesity by regulating glucose tolerance and inhibiting colonic inflammation. Moreover, the gut microbial compositions were different among HFD and modified PUFA-enriched HFD-fed mice. Thus, we have identified a new mechanism underlying the function of different PUFAs in dietary lipids in regulating host energy homeostasis in obese conditions. Our findings shed light on the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders by targeting the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Haneishi
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yuma Furuya
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mayu Hasegawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takemae
- Center for Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Prevention Research: CEPiR, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Yuri Tanioka
- Department of International Food and Agricultural Science, Faculty of International Food and Agricultural Studies, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mizutani
- Center for Infectious Diseases Epidemiology and Prevention Research: CEPiR, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mauro Rossi
- Institute of Food Sciences, CNR, via Roma 64, 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Junki Miyamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
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6
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Parajuli B, Koizumi S. Strategies for Manipulating Microglia to Determine Their Role in the Healthy and Diseased Brain. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1066-1076. [PMID: 36085395 PMCID: PMC9462627 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03742-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are the specialized macrophages of the central nervous system and play an important role in neural circuit development, modulating neurotransmission, and maintaining brain homeostasis. Microglia in normal brain is quiescent and show ramified morphology with numerous branching processes. They constantly survey their surrounding microenvironment through the extension and retraction of their processes and interact with neurons, astrocytes, and blood vessels using these processes. Microglia respond quickly to any pathological event in the brain by assuming ameboid morphology devoid of branching processes and restore homeostasis. However, when there is chronic inflammation, microglia may lose their homeostatic functions and secrete various proinflammatory cytokines and mediators that initiate neural dysfunction and neurodegeneration. In this article, we review the role of microglia in the normal brain and in various pathological brain conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. We describe strategies to manipulate microglia, focusing on depletion, repopulation, and replacement, and we discuss their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Parajuli
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
- GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimokato, Chuo, Yamanashi, 409-3898, Japan.
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7
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Hiramatsu Y, Nishida T, Nugraha DK, Osada-Oka M, Nakane D, Imada K, Horiguchi Y. Interference of flagellar rotation up-regulates the expression of small RNA contributing to Bordetella pertussis infection. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eade8971. [PMID: 36542710 PMCID: PMC9770993 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade8971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial small RNAs (sRNAs) posttranscriptionally regulate gene expressions involved in various biological processes, including pathogenicity. Our previous study identified sRNAs, the expression of which was up-regulated in Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, upon tracheal colonization of the bacteria; however, their roles in bacterial infection remain unknown. Here, we found that one sRNA, Bpr4, contributes to B. pertussis infection by posttranscriptionally up-regulating filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), a major adhesin of the bacteria. Bpr4 bound to the 5' untranslated region of fhaB mRNA encoding FHA and inhibited its degradation mediated by RNaseE. Our results demonstrated that Bpr4 up-regulation was triggered by the interference of flagellar rotation, which caused the disengagement of MotA, a flagellar stator. Subsequently, MotA activated a diguanylate cyclase to generate cyclic di-GMP, which plays a role in Bpr4 up-regulation through the RisK/RisA two-component system. Our findings indicate that a flagellum-triggered sensory system contributes to B. pertussis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Hiramatsu
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishida
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Dendi Krisna Nugraha
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mayuko Osada-Oka
- Food Hygiene and Environmental Health, Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nakane
- Department of Engineering Science, Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Katsumi Imada
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Horiguchi
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, 2-8 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Mitamura T, Zhai T, Hatanaka KC, Hatanaka Y, Amano T, Wang L, Tanaka S, Watari H. Germline PRDM1 Variant rs2185379 in Long-Term Recurrence-Free Survivors of Advanced Ovarian Cancer. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2022; 15:977-984. [PMID: 36471864 PMCID: PMC9719363 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s387120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify the germline genetic characteristics of long-term recurrence-free survivors that can be applied to establishing a new strategy for curing advanced cancer, we investigated the whole-genome single nucleotide variants of ovarian cancer patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS DNA specimens were obtained from rare long-term recurrence-free survivors with FIGO stage III-IV ovarian cancer with no recurrence for 8-23 years after primary treatments for a whole-genome analysis of approximately 660,000 single nucleotide variants. We then established a mouse model with a notable gene alteration by CRISPR/Cas9 to confirm the biological role. RESULTS The long-term recurrence-free survivors more frequently had germline heterozygous variant rs2185379 of the PRDM1 gene exon than patients with early recurrence (6.8-fold, P=0.013) and the general population. In the mouse model, primary intraperitoneal disseminated tumors of allograft ID8 were significantly smaller in the germline heterozygous rs2185379 group than in the wild-type group (57.4% decrease, P=0.008). Immunohistochemistry showed that the area of distribution of infiltrating T lymphocytes with positive CD8 staining was significantly increased in the germline heterozygous rs2185379 group in comparison to the wild-type group. CONCLUSION Germline heterozygous rs2185379 in PRDM1 is correlated with an excellent prognosis and can be used to establish a new strategy for treating advanced ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Mitamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tianyue Zhai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kanako C Hatanaka
- Center for Development of Advanced Diagnostics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hatanaka
- Center for Development of Advanced Diagnostics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Research Division of Genome Companion Diagnostics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toraji Amano
- Clinical Research and Medical Innovation Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Lei Wang
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hidemichi Watari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Kojima K, Matsutani Y, Yanagawa M, Imamoto Y, Yamano Y, Wada A, Shichida Y, Yamashita T. Evolutionary adaptation of visual pigments in geckos for their photic environment. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabj1316. [PMID: 34597144 PMCID: PMC10938493 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrates generally have a single type of rod for scotopic vision and multiple types of cones for photopic vision. Noteworthily, nocturnal geckos transmuted ancestral photoreceptor cells into rods containing not rhodopsin but cone pigments, and, subsequently, diurnal geckos retransmuted these rods into cones containing cone pigments. High sensitivity of scotopic vision is underlain by the rod’s low background noise, which originated from a much lower spontaneous activation rate of rhodopsin than of cone pigments. Here, we revealed that nocturnal gecko cone pigments decreased their spontaneous activation rates to mimic rhodopsin, whereas diurnal gecko cone pigments recovered high rates similar to those of typical cone pigments. We also identified amino acid residues responsible for the alterations of the spontaneous activation rates. Therefore, we concluded that the switch between diurnality and nocturnality in geckos required not only morphological transmutation of photoreceptors but also adjustment of the spontaneous activation rates of visual pigments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Kojima
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsutani
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masataka Yanagawa
- Cellular Informatics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasushi Imamoto
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yumiko Yamano
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Akimori Wada
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry for Life Science, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Shichida
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Research Organization for Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamashita
- Department of Biophysics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Fukumura K, Narimatsu Y, Moriwaki S, Iwakoshi-Ukena E, Furumitsu M, Ukena K. Effects of Overexpression of Neurosecretory Protein GL-Precursor Gene on Glucose Homeostasis and Insulin Sensitivity in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4681. [PMID: 33925193 PMCID: PMC8125475 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A high-fat diet (HFD) quickly induces obesity with insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. We previously reported that a novel hypothalamic small protein, named neurosecretory protein GL (NPGL), stimulates feeding and fat accumulation in mice. However, the effects of NPGL on insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis remain unknown. Hence, we subjected NPGL-precursor gene (Npgl)-overexpressing mice to the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (IPITT) under normal chow (NC) and HFD conditions. Npgl overexpression promoted body mass gain and tended to increase food intake of NC-fed mice, whereas it had little effect on HFD-fed mice. The OGTT showed elevated blood glucose and insulin levels in Npgl-overexpressing NC-fed mice 15 min after glucose administration. Both the OGTT and IPITT demonstrated that Npgl overexpression decreased blood glucose levels in HFD-fed mice 60 min after glucose and insulin treatments. Notably, Npgl overexpression increased adipose tissue masses only in NC-fed mice, and it decreased blood glucose and insulin levels in HFD-fed mice at the experimental end point. It also increased the mRNA expression of galanin, one of the feeding and metabolic regulatory neuropeptides, in the hypothalamus of HFD-fed mice. Therefore, NPGL may alleviate HFD-induced hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kazuyoshi Ukena
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; (K.F.); (Y.N.); (S.M.); (E.I.-U.); (M.F.)
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11
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Nagashima N, Ozawa S, Furuta M, Oi M, Hori Y, Tomita T, Sohma Y, Kanai M. Catalytic photooxygenation degrades brain Aβ in vivo. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/13/eabc9750. [PMID: 33762329 PMCID: PMC7990327 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc9750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein degradation induced by small molecules by recruiting endogenous protein degradation systems, such as ubiquitin-proteasome systems, to disease-related proteins is an emerging concept to inhibit the function of undruggable proteins. Protein targets without reliable ligands and/or existing outside the cells where ubiquitin-proteasome systems do not exist, however, are beyond the scope of currently available protein degradation strategies. Here, we disclose photooxygenation catalyst 7 that permeates the blood-brain barrier and selectively and directly degrades an extracellular Alzheimer's disease-related undruggable protein, amyloid-β protein (Aβ). Key was the identification of a compact but orange color visible light-activatable chemical catalyst whose activity can be switched on/off according to its molecular mobility, thereby ensuring high selectivity for aggregated Aβ. Chemical catalyst-promoted protein degradation can be applied universally for attenuating extracellular amyloids and various pathogenic proteins and is thus a new entry to induced protein degradation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Nagashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shuta Ozawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masahiro Furuta
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Miku Oi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hori
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Taisuke Tomita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Youhei Sohma
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Motomu Kanai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Kadota A, Iwakoshi-Ukena E, Fukumura K, Shikano K, Narimatsu Y, Furumitsu M, Ukena K. Effects of Irregular Feeding on the Daily Fluctuations in mRNA Expression of the Neurosecretory Protein GL and Neurosecretory Protein GM Genes in the Mouse Hypothalamus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2109. [PMID: 33672695 PMCID: PMC7924315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian desynchrony induced by a long period of irregular feeding leads to metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes mellitus. The recently identified neurosecretory protein GL (NPGL) and neurosecretory protein GM (NPGM) are hypothalamic small proteins that stimulate food intake and fat accumulation in several animals. To clarify the mechanisms that evoke feeding behavior and induce energy metabolism at the appropriate times in accordance with a circadian rhythm, diurnal fluctuations in Npgl and Npgm mRNA expression were investigated in mice. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that the mRNAs of these two genes were highly expressed in the mediobasal hypothalamus during the active dark phase under ad libitum feeding. In mice restricted to 3 h of feeding during the inactive light phase, the Npgl mRNA level was augmented in the moment prior to the feeding period and the midnight peak of Npgm mRNA was attenuated. Moreover, the mRNA expression levels of clock genes, feeding regulatory neuropeptides, and lipid metabolic enzymes in the central and peripheral tissues were comparable to those of central Npgl and Npgm. These data suggest that Npgl and Npgm transcription fluctuates daily and likely mediates feeding behavior and/or energy metabolism at an appropriate time according to the meal timing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuki Kadota
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; (A.K.); (E.I.-U.); (K.F.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (M.F.)
| | - Eiko Iwakoshi-Ukena
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; (A.K.); (E.I.-U.); (K.F.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (M.F.)
| | - Keisuke Fukumura
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; (A.K.); (E.I.-U.); (K.F.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (M.F.)
| | - Kenshiro Shikano
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; (A.K.); (E.I.-U.); (K.F.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (M.F.)
- Department of Neurophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan
| | - Yuki Narimatsu
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; (A.K.); (E.I.-U.); (K.F.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (M.F.)
| | - Megumi Furumitsu
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; (A.K.); (E.I.-U.); (K.F.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (M.F.)
| | - Kazuyoshi Ukena
- Laboratory of Neurometabolism, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan; (A.K.); (E.I.-U.); (K.F.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (M.F.)
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13
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Tsurugizawa T, Tamada K, Ono N, Karakawa S, Kodama Y, Debacker C, Hata J, Okano H, Kitamura A, Zalesky A, Takumi T. Awake functional MRI detects neural circuit dysfunction in a mouse model of autism. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaav4520. [PMID: 32076634 PMCID: PMC7002125 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav4520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
MRI has potential as a translational approach from rodents to humans. However, given that mouse functional MRI (fMRI) uses anesthetics for suppression of motion, it has been difficult to directly compare the result of fMRI in "unconsciousness" disease model mice with that in "consciousness" patients. We develop awake fMRI to investigate brain function in 15q dup mice, a copy number variation model of autism. Compared to wild-type mice, we find that 15q dup is associated with whole-brain functional hypoconnectivity and diminished fMRI responses to odors of stranger mice. Ex vivo diffusion MRI reveals widespread anomalies in white matter ultrastructure in 15q dup mice, suggesting a putative anatomical substrate for these functional hypoconnectivity. We show that d-cycloserine (DCS) treatment partially normalizes these anormalies in the frontal cortex of 15q dup mice and rescues some social behaviors. Our results demonstrate the utility of awake rodent fMRI and provide a rationale for further investigation of DCS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Tsurugizawa
- NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
- Corresponding author. (T.Ts.); (T.Ta.)
| | - Kota Tamada
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Ono
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co. Inc., Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan
| | - Sachise Karakawa
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co. Inc., Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan
| | - Yuko Kodama
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co. Inc., Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan
| | - Clement Debacker
- NeuroSpin, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Junichi Hata
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8585, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 160-8585, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kitamura
- Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co. Inc., Kawasaki 210-8681, Japan
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Toru Takumi
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Chuo, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
- Corresponding author. (T.Ts.); (T.Ta.)
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Okahata M, Wei AD, Ohta A, Kuhara A. Cold acclimation via the KQT-2 potassium channel is modulated by oxygen in Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaav3631. [PMID: 30775442 PMCID: PMC6365114 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav3631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive responses to external temperatures are essential for survival in changing environments. We show here that environmental oxygen concentration affects cold acclimation in Caenorhabditis elegans and that this response is regulated by a KCNQ-type potassium channel, KQT-2. Depending on culture conditions, kqt-2 mutants showed supranormal cold acclimation, caused by abnormal thermosensation in ADL chemosensory neurons. ADL neurons are responsive to temperature via transient receptor potential channels-OSM-9, OCR-2, and OCR-1-with OCR-1 negatively regulating ADL function. Similarly, KQT-2 and KQT-3 regulate ADL activity, with KQT-2 positively regulating ADL function. Abnormal cold acclimation and acute temperature responses of ADL neurons in kqt-2 mutants were suppressed by an oxygen-receptor mutation in URX coelomic sensory neurons, which are electrically connected to ADL via RMG interneurons. Likewise, low oxygen suppressed supranormal kqt-2 cold acclimation. These data thus demonstrate a simple neuronal circuit integrating two different sensory modalities, temperature and oxygen, that determines cold acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Okahata
- Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
| | - Aguan D. Wei
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, 1900 Ninth Ave., Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Akane Ohta
- Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
- Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kuhara
- Graduate School of Natural Science, Konan University, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
- Institute for Integrative Neurobiology, Konan University, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
- AMED-PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo 100-0004, Japan
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15
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Yamamoto T, Endo J, Kataoka M, Matsuhashi T, Katsumata Y, Shirakawa K, Yoshida N, Isobe S, Moriyama H, Goto S, Yamashita K, Nakanishi H, Shimanaka Y, Kono N, Shinmura K, Arai H, Fukuda K, Sano M. Decrease in membrane phospholipids unsaturation correlates with myocardial diastolic dysfunction. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208396. [PMID: 30533011 PMCID: PMC6289418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increase in saturated fatty acid (SFA) content in membrane phospholipids dramatically affects membrane properties and cellular functioning. We sought to determine whether exogenous SFA from the diet directly affects the degree of membrane phospholipid unsaturation in adult hearts and if these changes correlate with contractile dysfunction. Although both SFA-rich high fat diets (HFDs) and monounsaturated FA (MUFA)-rich HFDs cause the same degree of activation of myocardial FA uptake, triglyceride turnover, and mitochondrial FA oxidation and accumulation of toxic lipid intermediates, the former induced more severe diastolic dysfunction than the latter, which was accompanied with a decrease in membrane phospholipid unsaturation, induction of unfolded protein response (UPR), and a decrease in the expression of Sirt1 and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), catalyzing the conversion of SFA to MUFA. When the SFA supply in the heart overwhelms the cellular capacity to use it for energy, excess exogenous SFA channels to membrane phospholipids, leading to UPR induction, and development of diastolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsunehisa Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jin Endo
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Kataoka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Kohsuke Shirakawa
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Yoshida
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Hypertension, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sarasa Isobe
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Moriyama
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Goto
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamashita
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Endocrinology and Hypertension, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yuta Shimanaka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kono
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Shinmura
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of General Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoaki Sano
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Matsumoto T, Tabara Y, Murase K, Takahashi Y, Setoh K, Kawaguchi T, Muro S, Kadotani H, Kosugi S, Sekine A, Yamada R, Nakayama T, Mishima M, Matsuda F, Chin K. Combined association of clinical and lifestyle factors with non-restorative sleep: The Nagahama Study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171849. [PMID: 28278155 PMCID: PMC5344328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-restorative sleep (NRS) was suggested to be associated with cardiovascular outcomes. However, causative factors for NRS have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to clarify factors and their relationships with NRS to better understand the clinical and epidemiological implications of NRS and to develop a score that can objectively evaluate NRS status. Methods Study subjects consisted of 9,788 community residents (age 53.6 ± 13.4 y). Subjective NRS as well as possible clinical and lifestyle factors for NRS were investigated by questionnaires. Other clinical parameters were obtained from personal records of information obtained at the baseline examination. Results A total of 3,261 participants complained of NRS. Factors independently associated with subjective NRS were younger age (odds ratio = 1.43), use of a hypnotic drug (2.04), irregular sleep schedule (2.02), short sleep duration (<5 h, 11.7; 5–6 h, 4.81; 6–7 h, 2.40), frequent sleepiness (2.33), routine stress (4.63), no habitual exercise (1.61), nocturia symptoms (1.43), symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (1.44), and depression (1.46) (all P <0.001). The NRS score comprised of these 10 factors was linearly associated with the frequency of subjective NRS (Ptrend <0.001). Frequency of individuals with a high NRS score was greater in women (52.3%) than in men (42.1%, P<0.001), while no clear association was observed with common risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Conclusions NRS was a phenomenon representing various clinical and lifestyle features. Careful attention should be paid to individuals with a high NRS score who might be at risk for mental fatigue and have unfavorable lifestyle factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Matsumoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kimihiko Murase
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Takahashi
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuya Setoh
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kawaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeo Muro
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kadotani
- Department of Sleep and Behavioral Sciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
| | - Shinji Kosugi
- Department of Medical Ethics and Medical Genetics, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sekine
- Center for Preventive Medical Science, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamada
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeo Nakayama
- Department of Health Informatics, School of Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michiaki Mishima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuo Chin
- Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Sato K, Suda K, Shimizu S, Sakai K, Mizuuchi H, Tomizawa K, Takemoto T, Nishio K, Mitsudomi T. Clinical, Pathological, and Molecular Features of Lung Adenocarcinomas with AXL Expression. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154186. [PMID: 27100677 PMCID: PMC4839706 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor tyrosine kinase AXL is a member of the Tyro3-Axl-Mer receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily. AXL affects several cellular functions, including growth and migration. AXL aberration is reportedly a marker for poor prognosis and treatment resistance in various cancers. In this study, we analyzed clinical, pathological, and molecular features of AXL expression in lung adenocarcinomas (LADs). We examined 161 LAD specimens from patients who underwent pulmonary resections. When AXL protein expression was quantified (0, 1+, 2+, 3+) according to immunohistochemical staining intensity, results were 0: 35%; 1+: 20%; 2+: 37%; and 3+: 7% for the 161 samples. AXL expression status did not correlate with clinical features, including smoking status and pathological stage. However, patients whose specimens showed strong AXL expression (3+) had markedly poorer prognoses than other groups (P = 0.0033). Strong AXL expression was also significantly associated with downregulation of E-cadherin (P = 0.025) and CD44 (P = 0.0010). In addition, 9 of 12 specimens with strong AXL expression had driver gene mutations (6 with EGFR, 2 with KRAS, 1 with ALK). In conclusion, we found that strong AXL expression in surgically resected LADs was a predictor of poor prognosis. LADs with strong AXL expression were characterized by mesenchymal status, higher expression of stem-cell-like markers, and frequent driver gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuaki Sato
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Kenichi Suda
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Shigeki Shimizu
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazuko Sakai
- Department of Genome Biology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mizuuchi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Kenji Tomizawa
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Toshiki Takemoto
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Kazuto Nishio
- Department of Genome Biology, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Mitsudomi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kinki University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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