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Abstract
A study has been made of the origin and course of the centrifugal fibres in the visual pathway of the pigeon using the Nauta method. Lesions in the mid-brain involving the isthmo-optic nucleus result in fibre degeneration which can be traced through the isthmo-optic tract to the chiasma and thence into the contralateral optic nerve and retina. In the retin a severe degeneration is found throughout the optic nerve layer, and occasional degenerating fibres can be traced through the ganglion cell layer to the inner aspect of the bipolar cell layer. Here they terminate in endings similar to those described by Cajal (1889) and Dogiel (1895) in relation to amacrine cells. The projection to the retina is completely crossed. Counts of the number of cells in the isthmo-optic nucleus indicate that the number of centrifugal fibres is approximately 10000; they form 1 % of the total number of fibres in the optic nerve. The isthmo-optic nucleus receives afferents from the tectum, and in this projection there would appear to be a well-defined organization.
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A SIMPLE METHOD FOR THE DISPLAY OF CHROMOSOMES FROM CULTURES OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE OF THE OX. Nature 1996; 199:718-9. [PMID: 14074580 DOI: 10.1038/199718a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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VARIATION OF CEREBRAL CORTEX FLUID SPACES IN VIVO AS A FUNCTION OF SPECIES BRAIN SIZE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 208:682-92. [PMID: 14274798 DOI: 10.1152/ajplegacy.1965.208.4.682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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BEHAVIOURAL ASPECTS OF DEGENERATION AND REGENERATION IN FISH BRAIN: A COMPARISON WITH HIGHER VERTEBRATES. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 1996; 14:143-231. [PMID: 14319608 DOI: 10.1016/s0079-6123(08)63743-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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INNERVATION OF THE LARGE INTESTINE OF THE TOAD (BUFO MARINUS). BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND CHEMOTHERAPY 1996; 23:151-63. [PMID: 14208191 PMCID: PMC1703951 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1964.tb01575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The morphology, physiology and pharmacology of the innervation of the toad (Bufo marinus) large intestine have been studied. The large intestine can be divided into the regions colon, rectum and cloaca, on morphological grounds, but acts as a unit in response to nerve stimulation. Of the right and left nerves, each appears to supply the entire large intestine. Autonomic innervation of the large intestine of Bufo marinus is as follows: (1) The 9th and 10th spinal nerves (pelvic) contain predominantly excitatory preganglionic cholinergic fibres, but some inhibitory adrenergic fibres are also present in most preparations. (2) The splanchnic nerves contain inhibitory postganglionic adrenergic fibres from the 3rd to 5th sympathetic ganglia, and a small number of excitatory cholinergic fibres. The pathway of adrenergic inhibitory fibres to the large intestine alongside the posterior mesenteric artery as seen in mammals is rarely present in the toad. Several nonspecific actions of autonomic drugs on the large intestine are discussed. The functional organization of the autonomic innervation of the toad large intestine is similar to that in mammals, that is the large intestine is controlled by antagonistic cholinergic and adrenergic nerves. However, the separation of these two types of nerve fibres into anatomically distinct nerves does not appear to be as complete as in mammals. It is suggested that inhibitory autonomic control of the alimentary canal in vertebrates first appears in the hind-gut region.
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A COMPARATIVE-ANATOMICAL STUDY OF THE CRANIO-CERVICAL VENOUS SYSTEMS IN MAMMALS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE DOG: RELATIONSHIP OF ANATOMY TO MEASUREMENTS OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 116:375-86. [PMID: 14337972 DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001160204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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COMPARATIVE ANATOMICAL AND NEUROHISTOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE TONGUE OF THE MARSUPIALS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 147:337-53. [PMID: 14077646 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1091470305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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DEGENERATION PROCESSES DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MUELLERIAN DUCTS IN ALLIGATOR AND FEMALE CHICKEN EMBRYOS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 124:83-96. [PMID: 14112858 DOI: 10.1007/bf00525284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Frontal organs and epiphyses of the pineal system from the adult frog, Rana pipiens, were fixed in s-collidine-buffered osmium tetroxide, embedded in Epon 812, and examined by electron microscopy. Epiphyseal material was also fixed in a variety of ways and subjected to a series of cytochemical tests for light microscopy. An ultrastructure resembling that of lateral eye retina is confirmed in this species. Photoreceptor cells of the epiphysis and frontal organ display many cytological features similar to those of retinal rods and cones in the arrangement of their outer and inner segments and synaptic components. However, in these pineal organs the outer segments are disoriented relative to each other and may display a disarranged internal organization unlike normal retinal photoreceptors. Furthermore, other pineal outer segments often appear degenerate. Since immature stages in the development of new outer segments also appear to be present, adult pineal photoreceptors are probably engaged in a constant renewal of outer segment membranes. The evidence further suggests that macrophages are involved in phagocytosis of degenerated outer segments. Postulated photoreceptor activities and the possibility of secondary pineal functions, such as secretion, are discussed in view of current morphological and cytochemical findings.
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COMPARATIVE ANATOMICAL AND NEUROHISTOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE TONGUES OF PIGMY AND COMMON MARMOSETS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996; 150:473-85. [PMID: 14248318 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1091500416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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NORMAL JAWS IN ACTION. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS 1965; 51:510-28. [PMID: 14317369 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9416(65)90129-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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[THE MIRACLE OF THE DENTURE]. REVUE DENTAIRE LIBANAISE. LEBANESE DENTAL MAGAZINE 1965; 15:5-14. [PMID: 14331158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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[THE SPONGY BONE OF THE MANDIBLE IN VARIOUS MAMMALS]. BULLETIN DU GROUPEMENT INTERNATIONAL POUR LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE EN STOMATOLOGIE 1965; 8:105-76. [PMID: 14284404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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[STUDY OF REMNANTS OF THE HUMAN MUSCULI PERONEI DIGITORUM]. ARKHIV ANATOMII, GISTOLOGII I EMBRIOLOGII 1965; 48:70-8. [PMID: 14295978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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[DATA ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF FACIAL NERVE CONNECTIONS ON CERTAIN MAMMALS]. ARKHIV ANATOMII, GISTOLOGII I EMBRIOLOGII 1965; 48:42-6. [PMID: 14295973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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[NERVES OF THE CEREBRAL PIA MATER OF CERTAIN RODENTS]. ARKHIV ANATOMII, GISTOLOGII I EMBRIOLOGII 1965; 48:21-5. [PMID: 14295970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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[QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF DEGENERATION OF MAIN AND ACCESSORY PATHWAYS OF THE AFFERENT INNERVATION OF THE URINARY BLADDER]. ARKHIV ANATOMII, GISTOLOGII I EMBRIOLOGII 1965; 48:98-103. [PMID: 14295981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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[ANATOMICAL ADAPTATIONS OF THE APODAL LIZARD FEYLINIA CURRORI TO BURROWING BY UNDULANT CREEPING]. COMPTES RENDUS HEBDOMADAIRES DES SEANCES DE L'ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES 1965; 260:1248-51. [PMID: 14275968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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[COMPARATIVE ANATOMY--COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY]. TIDSSKRIFT FOR DEN NORSKE LEGEFORENING 1965; 85:87-92. [PMID: 14299951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
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[INTERMESETERIC PLEXUS]. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 1965; 24:35-48. [PMID: 14333223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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CONTRIBUTION TO THE COMPARATIVE ANATOMY OF THE VESSELS IN THE ABDOMINAL PART OF THE BODY CAVITY IN BIRDS 3. NOMENCLATURE OF BRANCHES OF THE A. COELIACA AND OF TRIBUTARIES OF THE V. PORTAE. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 1965; 13:252-64. [PMID: 14333212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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POSTCENTRAL AND SUPERIOR PARIETAL REGIONS OF CEREBRAL CORTEX IN HUMBOLDT'S WOOLLY MONKEY. FEDERATION PROCEEDINGS. TRANSLATION SUPPLEMENT; SELECTED TRANSLATIONS FROM MEDICAL-RELATED SCIENCE 1965; 24:137-41. [PMID: 14275573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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[THE WALL CONSTRUCTION AND VASCULAR SYSTEM OF THE UTERUS OF THE OPOSSUM (DIDELPHIS VIRGINIANA)]. ACTA ANATOMICA 1965; 60:152-63. [PMID: 14291393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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[PERIVASAL (PERICAPILLARY) RETICULO-HISTIOCYTE ARCHITECTURE IN THE SPLEEN OF TELEOST FISH]. Haematologica 1965; 50:85-118. [PMID: 14330705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
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[DATA ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF NERVE FIBERS IN CERTAIN NERVES OF DOMESTIC ANIMALS]. ACTA MORPHOLOGICA ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARUM HUNGARICAE 1965; 13:131-9. [PMID: 14295311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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AN OSTEOMETRIC STUDY OF THE HIND LIMB OF THE GALAGIDAE. J Anat 1965; 99:119-26. [PMID: 14245338 PMCID: PMC1261465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
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