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Vijayan A, Prakash J. Unveiling angular sweep total fluorescence Spectroscopy:A novel multidimensional technique for analysis of complex multi-fluorophoric systems. Talanta 2024; 271:125662. [PMID: 38241926 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Analyzing multi-fluorophoric real systems without pre-processing is challenging, often addressed with unconventional fluorescence techniques and chemometrics. In this context, we introduce a novel addition - 'Angular Sweep Total Fluorescence Spectroscopy (ASTFS),' to the arsenal of multidimensional steady-state fluorescence spectroscopic techniques. ASTFS utilizes a series of variable angle synchronous fluorescence spectra, strategically covering the fluorescence region between the first and second-order Rayleigh scattering ridges. The plot features a minimal data matrix size, avoids Rayleigh scattering signals, and incurs no blind regions. The study delves into the instrumental configurations for spectral acquisition, highlights the enhanced spectral resolution due to the band-narrowing effect, and discusses other notable features of the ASTFS plot. Further, this technique is reported to be effective in analyzing analytes in complex systems with strong background fluorescence, such as milk. The antibiotic- Norfloxacin is quantified via minimal pre-processing in milk samples and yields excellent analytical figures of merit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Vijayan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India
| | - John Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, 610 005, India.
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2
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Hazlett RD, Syrymov T, Younis R. Analytic representative element rate decline models for naturally fractured reservoir depletion. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8803. [PMID: 38627425 PMCID: PMC11021495 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Representative single anisotropic matrix block 2D Green's function models for depletion through fully-penetrating, vertical fractures through different numbers of fracture faces are constructed that analytically capture both fracture and block depletion with fracture-matrix mass transfer. The 1D Green's function for a fracture system is likewise solved in terms of the time evolution of average fracture pressure. While transient average pressure values are not inherently measurable, they are transformed into cumulative production or instantaneous flowrate values, thus producing new rate decline model functional forms. Primary variables in assembling the interacting systems model are the volume ratio, Vf /Vm, permeability ratio, kf /kx, and geometry, (a/b)(ky/kx), with the last term accounting for both block shape and permeability anisotropy. We construct interacting systems models in terms of various ratios of Vf /Vm, and kf /kx for three fracture architecture prototypes: representative matrix blocks depleted by 4, 2, or 1 contacting fractures. The single matrix block models can be migrated to ones for heterogeneous systems using superposition and matrix block distributions, as demonstrated with a binary distribution of block sizes with variable fractions. Analytic solutions for rate decline problems can be used to understand the production signatures of naturally fractured reservoirs and interpretation of fracture volume fraction, permeability ratio, average matrix block size, and measures of heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Hazlett
- School of Mining and Geosciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan.
| | - T Syrymov
- School of Mining and Geosciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - R Younis
- Harold Vance Department of Petroleum Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, USA
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Wleklinski M, Carpenter PM, Dykstra KD, Donofrio A, Nowak T, Krska SW, Ferguson RD. Parallel purification of microscale libraries via automated solid phase extraction. SLAS Technol 2024; 29:100126. [PMID: 38423211 DOI: 10.1016/j.slast.2024.100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
High-throughput experimentation (HTE) has become more widely utilized in drug discovery for rapid reaction optimization and generation of large synthetic compound arrays. While this has accelerated medicinal chemistry design, make, test (DMT) iterations, the bottleneck of purification persists, consuming time and resources. Herein we describe a general parallel purification approach based on solid phase extraction (SPE) that provides a more efficient and sustainable workflow producing compound libraries with significantly upgraded purity. This robust, user-friendly workflow is fully automated and integrated with HTE library synthesis, as demonstrated by its application to a diverse parallel library compound array generated via amide-bond coupling in HTE microscale format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wleklinski
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Paige M Carpenter
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Kevin D Dykstra
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Anthony Donofrio
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Timothy Nowak
- Department of Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Shane W Krska
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - Ronald D Ferguson
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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Pal VK, Kannan K. Stability of volatile organic compound metabolites in urine at various storage temperatures and freeze-thaw cycles for 8 months. Environ Pollut 2024; 345:123493. [PMID: 38316251 PMCID: PMC10939821 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The urinary concentrations of mercapturic acid metabolites of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been used as biomarkers of human exposure to this class of chemicals. However, long-term stability of these VOC metabolites (VOCMs) in urine at various storage conditions such as temperature, duration, and freeze-thaw cycles is not known. In this study, spot urine samples collected from three volunteers, stored at 22 °C (room temperature: RT), 4 °C (refrigerator) and -20 °C (freezer) for up to 240 days were analyzed at weekly to monthly interval for a total of 19 time points. Samples stored at 4 °C and -20 °C underwent 18 freeze-thaw cycles at RT for 30 min at each of the time points. Among 38 VOCMs analyzed, up to 18 metabolites were detected at concentrations above their respective detection limits on Day 0 (baseline concentration), and the concentrations of several VOCMs declined with the storage duration. Eight to ten VOCMs were lost completely within 240 days of storage at RT, compared to between two and five at 4 °C and between one and seven at -20 °C. The loss rate varied depending on the sample, storage temperature, VOCM, and number of freeze-thaw cycles. Storage of urine at RT led to a rapid loss of VOCMs in comparison to that stored at 4 °C or -20 °C. Among VOCMs measured, CEMA, SBMA, GAMA, DHBMA, AMCC, TCVMA, and HPMMA were lost more rapidly than the other metabolites. CMEMA, a major VOCM found in all three urines at baseline, exhibited a rapid loss in those of two volunteers but not of the other volunteer, suggesting sample to sample variation in lose rates. Freeze-thaw cycles considerably affected VOCM concentrations in urines stored at 4 °C or -20 °C. It is recommended that urine samples are analyzed for VOCMs within a couple of months of collection and stored at temperatures below -20 °C, with minimal or no freeze-thaw cycles. This study highlights the need for appropriate storage conditions to maintain the integrity of samples for biomonitoring studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar Pal
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, 12237, United States; Department of Pediatrics and Environmental Medicine, New York University, New York, 10016, United States
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, NY, 12237, United States; Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, 12237, United States; Department of Pediatrics and Environmental Medicine, New York University, New York, 10016, United States.
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Das P, Benslimane A, Islam MA, Mondal D, Nazim MS. A thermo-mechanically loaded rotating FGM cylindrical pressure vessels under parabolic changing properties: An analytical and numerical analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25969. [PMID: 38390054 PMCID: PMC10881340 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to develop an exact analytical solution for steady-state thermo-mechanical stress in a functionally graded (FG) thick-walled cylindrical vessel. The cylinder is subjected to combined rotational speed and internal pressures while the thermal load is with convective and radiative boundary conditions. The dimensionless governing equations and boundary conditions, represented as a quartic equation, are derived and solved using Ferrari's method. The temperature, displacement, and stress fields across the thick-walled cylindrical vessel are calculated by finding the roots of the quartic equation. In order to investigate the accuracy of the exact analytical solution, a numerical model is constructed based on a standard Galerkin discretization approach of the finite element method (FEM). The analytical solutions and the results obtained through FEM show a high level of agreement. Furthermore, the study analyzes the effects of material parameters on temperature, displacement, and stress fields. Displacement, temperature, and stress fields are presented in the form of dimensionless graphs along the radial direction. For the considered parametric studies, results revealed that parabolic grading is beneficial than conventional grading. This study reveals that for the thermal loading, the maximum temperature, displacement, and tangential stress decrease for the parabolic grading. A similar but lower value of temperature, displacement, and tangential stress is also observed in the case of thermomechanical loading. This study is expected to assist in the assessment of the reliability of load calculations and contribute to the overall durability of pressure vessels. The results obtained from this study can provide valuable insights into thermo-elasticity and the thermo-mechanical behavior of thick-walled cylindrical vessels and can aid in the design and optimization of such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bangladesh Army University of Science and Technology, Saidpur, Bangladesh
| | - A Benslimane
- Laboratoire de Mécanique Matériaux et Énergétique (L2ME), Faculté de Technologie, Université de Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - M A Islam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
| | - D Mondal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
| | - M S Nazim
- Laboratoire de Mécanique Matériaux et Énergétique (L2ME), Faculté de Technologie, Université de Bejaia, 06000, Bejaia, Algeria
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Cherewyk JE, Blakley BR, Al-Dissi AN. The C-8-S-isomers of ergot alkaloids - a review of biological and analytical aspects. Mycotoxin Res 2024; 40:1-17. [PMID: 37953416 PMCID: PMC10834577 DOI: 10.1007/s12550-023-00507-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Ergot alkaloids are secondary metabolites that are produced by fungi and contaminate cereal crops and grasses. The ergot alkaloids produced by Claviceps purpurea are the most abundant worldwide. The metabolites exist in two configurations, the C-8-R-isomer (R-epimer) and the C-8-S-isomer (S-epimer). These two configurations can interconvert to one another. Ergot alkaloids cause toxic effects after consumption of ergot-contaminated food and feed at various concentrations. For bioactivity reasons, the C-8-R-isomers have been studied to a greater extent than the C-8-S-isomer since the C-8-S-isomers were considered biologically inactive. However, recent studies suggest the contrary. Analytical assessment of ergot alkaloids now includes the C-8-S-isomers and high concentrations of specific C-8-S-isomers have been identified. The inclusion of the C-8-S-isomer in regulatory standards is reviewed. This review has identified that further research into the C-8-S-isomers of ergot alkaloids is warranted. In addition, the inclusion of the C-8-S-isomers into regulatory recommendations worldwide for food and feed should be implemented. The objectives of this review are to provide an overview of historic and current studies that have assessed the C-8-S-isomers. Specifically, this review will compare the C-8-R-isomers to the C-8-S-isomers with an emphasis on the biological activity and analytical assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jensen E Cherewyk
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada.
| | - Barry R Blakley
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Ahmad N Al-Dissi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
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Alvarez JC, Pelissier AL, Mura P, Goullé JP. [Cannabidiol (CBD): Analytical and toxicological aspects]. Therapie 2023; 78:639-645. [PMID: 36868996 DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a phytocannabinoid present in cannabis, obtained either by extraction from the plant or by synthesis. The latter has the advantage of being pure and contains few impurities, unlike CBD of plant origin. It is used by inhalation, ingestion or skin application. In France, the law stipulates that specialties containing CBD may contain up to 0.3% of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the psychoactive principle of cannabis. From an analytical point of view, it is therefore important to be able to quantify the two compounds as well as their metabolites in the various matrices that can be used clinically or forensically, in particular saliva and blood. The transformation of CBD into THC, which has long been suggested, appears to be an analytical artifact under certain conditions. CBD is not without toxicity, whether acute or chronic, as seems to attest to the serious adverse effects recorded by pharmacovigilance during the experiment currently being conducted in France by the Agence Nationale de Sécurité du Médicament et des Produits de Santé. Although CBD does not seem to modify driving abilities, driving a vehicle after consuming CBD containing up to 0.3% THC, and sometimes much more in products bought on the internet, can lead to a positive result in screening and confirmation tests by law enforcement agencies, whether salivary or blood tests, and therefore lead to a legal sanction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Alvarez
- Laboratoire de pharmacologie/toxicologie, CHU Garches, université Paris-Saclay (Versailles-St Quentin-en-Yvelines), plateforme de spectrométrie de masse MasSpecLab, UFR médecine Simone Veil, Inserm U-1018, CESP, Équipe MOODS, 92380 Garches, France.
| | - Anne-Laure Pelissier
- Laboratoire de toxicologie, service de médecine légale, AP-HM, CHU Timone, Aix-Marseille université, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Mura
- Académie nationale de Pharmacie, 75270 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Goullé
- Laboratoire de toxicologie, UNIROUEN, UR ABTE EA 4651, UFR de santé, université de Rouen, 76183 Rouen, France
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8
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Aijaz J, Khan J, Naseer F, Kumar D, Hussain S. Analytical performance verification of a high throughput system for Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C viral load quantifications. Pract Lab Med 2023; 36:e00326. [PMID: 37649536 PMCID: PMC10462671 DOI: 10.1016/j.plabm.2023.e00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To verify the analytical performance of cobas® HBV PCR and cobas® HCV PCR assays with Abbott m2000 RealTime System as the reference method. Design De-identified residual, archived patient specimens, and College of American Pathologists (CAP) proficiency testing samples were used. Analytical parameters verified were accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), linear range, and cross-contamination. Experiments were designed in accordance with Clinical Laboratories Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines and CAP standards. Analysis of accuracy was done through regression plots and Bland Altman analyses. Precision was analyzed through coefficient of variation and ANOVA; LOD through probit analysis; and linear range through polynomial fit analysis. Results The regression plots for accuracy showed a slope nearing 1, with a y-intercept close to zero, while Bland Altman analyses also showed no systematic evidence of bias, though concordance of results was not perfect near the lower limit of quantification. Coefficients of variation were all below 15%, while ANOVA returned p-values above 0.99, indicating no statistically significant imprecision. The LOD verified were an order of magnitude higher than the manufacturer reported ones for both assays, while the linear range verified was more limited. Within the verified range, polynomial fit analysis showed line to be the best fit for the data. Conclusions cobas® HBV PCR and cobas® HCV PCR assays showed acceptable accuracy, acceptable precision, as well as no evidence of cross-contamination. The LOD verified were higher, and linear ranges more limited than those reported by the manufacturer. Verifications of these may be limited by availability of appropriate testing specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javeria Aijaz
- Molecular Biology Section, Pathology Department, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Korangi Crossing, Karachi, 75190, Pakistan
| | - Jibran Khan
- Molecular Biology Section, Pathology Department, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Korangi Crossing, Karachi, 75190, Pakistan
| | - Fouzia Naseer
- Molecular Biology Section, Pathology Department, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Korangi Crossing, Karachi, 75190, Pakistan
| | - Dheeraj Kumar
- Molecular Biology Section, Pathology Department, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Korangi Crossing, Karachi, 75190, Pakistan
| | - Shakir Hussain
- Molecular Biology Section, Pathology Department, Indus Hospital & Health Network, Korangi Crossing, Karachi, 75190, Pakistan
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Badran I, Riyaz NS. The mechanism of fluorescence quenching of naphthalimide A/C leak detector by copper (II). BMC Chem 2023; 17:69. [PMID: 37407990 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-00987-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluorescence quenching is an interesting phenomenon with the potential to be applied across various fields. The mechanism is commonly used across analytical applications for monitoring the concentration of trace substances. Naphthalimide and its family of compounds are commonly used as fluorescent detectors. This work investigated an analytical technique through which naphthalimide-based dyes could be quantified. A commercial A/C leak detector was used as the dye and Cu2+ ions as the quencher. Experiments were also conducted to investigate the effect of temperature on quenching. To study the mechanism of quenching further, density functional theory (DFT) was used. RESULTS The method detection limit obtained in this work is 1.7 × 10-6 mol/L. The results from the quenching experiments demonstrated a pattern which fit a modified Stern-Volmer (SV) model, with an R2 value of 0.9886. From the experiments on the effect of temperature, a dynamic quenching behavior was observed given the emission spectra demonstrated an inverse relationship with temperature. CONCLUSIONS The quenching of the commercial A/C dye by Cu2+ ions can be used to develop a rapid and sensitive detection method for metal ions such as Cu2+, and for future fabrication of chemosensors for Cu2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Badran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.
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Juanes-Velasco P, Arias-Hidalgo C, Landeira-Viñuela A, Nuño-Soriano A, Fuentes-Vacas M, Góngora R, Hernández ÁP, Fuentes M. Functional proteomics based on protein microarray technology for biomedical research. Adv Protein Chem Struct Biol 2023; 138:49-65. [PMID: 38220432 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This chapter traces a route through Proteomics from its origins to the present day. The different proteomics applications are discussed with a focus on microarray technology. Analytical microarrays, functional microarrays and reverse phase microarrays and their different applications are discussed. Several studies are mentioned where the great versatility of this approach is shown. Finally, the advantages and future challenges of microarray technology are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Juanes-Velasco
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carlota Arias-Hidalgo
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alicia Landeira-Viñuela
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ana Nuño-Soriano
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marina Fuentes-Vacas
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rafa Góngora
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ángela-Patricia Hernández
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences: Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, CIETUS, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Manuel Fuentes
- Department of Medicine and General Cytometry Service-Nucleus, CIBERONC, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain; Proteomics Unit, Cancer Research Centre (IBMCC/CSIC/USAL/IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain.
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Monneret D, Moreau A, Chirica C, Guergour D, Richet C, Desmurs L, Colognac S, Frugier A, Chévrier M, Marmontel O, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Gonzalo P, Rodriguez-Lafrasse C, Cartier R. Non-linearity in lipase assays: A multicentric comparison on different analysers. Clin Biochem 2023; 114:63-66. [PMID: 36773631 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Non-linearity in lipase assays and the ensuing gaps in results distribution have been described on Roche analysers, but have yet to be studied on other analysers. DESIGN AND METHODS Eighteen lithium-heparinized plasma pools of lipase activities decreasing from 1700 to <4 U/L were prepared for multicentric evaluation on several analysers. Non-linearity was modelled as the difference between the polynomial regression of lipase activities depending on relative dilutions over the primary measuring range, and the linear regression of the same variables above the manufacturer's limit of linearity (MLL). Gaps in lipase distribution resulting from non-linearity were graphically evidenced through histograms. Upper limits of gaps were calculated, which are lipase activities where non-linearity biases no longer impact the diluted lipase results. RESULTS MLLs and lipase (U/L) calculated at MLL (%biases versus MLL) were respectively: 1200 and 1124 (-6.3%) on the Architect C16000 (Abbott); 300 and 248 (-17.3%) on the Cobas c503 (Roche); 1500 and 1458 (-2.8%) on the Dimension Vista (Siemens); and 700 and 659 (-5.9%) on the Atellica CH930 (Siemens). Using Sentinel Lipase reagents on Abbott analysers, these measurements were respectively: 300 and 294 (-2.0%) on the Architect C16000, and 300 and 298 (-0.7%) on the Alinity. Setting Randox Lipase reagents on the Alinity, MLL and lipase at MLL were 953 and 776 (-18.6%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Considering the desirable (±14.2 %) and optimal (±7.1 %) allowable total error for lipase (EFLM/EuBIVAS), biases at manufacturer's limit of linearity were acceptable, except for Roche Cobas c503 method and Randox method on Abbott Alinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Monneret
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi-Sites (LBMMS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), F-69000 Lyon, France.
| | - Amélie Moreau
- Service de Biochimie, CHU Saint-Etienne, F-42000 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Carole Chirica
- Unité de Biochimie Immunoanalyse, Service de Biochimie Biologie Moléculaire et Toxicologie Environnementale, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Dorra Guergour
- Unité de Biochimie Immunoanalyse, Service de Biochimie Biologie Moléculaire et Toxicologie Environnementale, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Richet
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi-Sites (LBMMS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Desmurs
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi-Sites (LBMMS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Sylvie Colognac
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi-Sites (LBMMS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Audrey Frugier
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi-Sites (LBMMS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Marc Chévrier
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi-Sites (LBMMS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Oriane Marmontel
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi-Sites (LBMMS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Dominique Bonnefont-Rousselot
- Service de Biochimie Métabolique, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, F-75000 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, UTCBS, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Gonzalo
- Service de Biochimie, CHU Saint-Etienne, F-42000 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Claire Rodriguez-Lafrasse
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi-Sites (LBMMS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Régine Cartier
- Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale Multi-Sites (LBMMS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), F-69000 Lyon, France
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12
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Abstract
Bragg peak range uncertainties are a persistent constraint in proton therapy. Pulsed proton beams generate protoacoustic emissions proportional to absorbed proton energy, thereby encoding dosimetry information in a detectable acoustic wave. Here, we seek to derive and model 3D protoacoustic imaging with an ultrasound array and examine the frequency characteristics of protoacoustic emissions. A formalism is presented through which protoacoustic signals can be characterized considering transducer bandwidth as well as pulse duration of the incident beam. We have also collected an experimental proton beam intensity signal from a Mevion S250 clinical machine to analyze our formalism. We also show that proton-acoustic image reconstruction is possible even when the noise amplitude is larger than the signal amplitude on individual transducers. We find that a 4μ s Gaussian proton pulse can generate a signal in the range of MHz as long as the spatial heating function has sufficiently high temperature gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratik Samant
- Stephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, 73071, USA and now is with the Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, and Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Luis M Trevisi
- Chemical, Biological, & Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, 73071, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Townsend Zwart
- Vice President of Advanced Development at Mevion Medical Systems, Littleton, MA, 01460, USA
| | - Liangzhong Xiang
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA, Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA and Beckman Laser Institute & Medical Clinic, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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13
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Dhillon A, Singh N, Nair M, Kumar D. Analytical methods to determine and sense heavy metal pollutants using MXene and MXene-based composites: Mechanistic prophecy into sensing properties. Chemosphere 2022; 303:135166. [PMID: 35659936 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The presence of heavy metal ions in the biosphere is of grave concern, as these are toxic and impact living organisms. Lack of pure drinking water can spread waterborne diseases like cholera, dysentery, typhoid, etc. The presence of heavy metals like arsenic and radioactive materials can cause cancer. The detection and removal of these heavy metals are important for sustaining life. Herein, MXene comes to the rescue as a crucial and potential material, which can sense and adsorb heavy metal ions. Developed in 2011, MXenes are an emerging class of 2D nanomaterials that are appropriate substitutes for existing heavy metal ions sensing materials and have shown excellent efficiency due to their better hydrophilicity, capacity of transportation of electrons, functionalization, and a great variety in compositions as compared to the other nanomaterials properties. This work gives an insight into the chemistry and synthesis of MXenes for further utilization as a sensor in heavy metal ions toxicity and underlines the key future challenges to knowing the full prospective of MXenes in environmental systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Dhillon
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, 304022, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Niharika Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, 304022, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Manjula Nair
- Heriot Watt University, Knowledge Park, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, 382030, Gandhinagar, India.
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14
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de Lorenzi-Tognon M, Charretier Y, Iten A, Hafner C, Rosset-Zufferey S, Lemaitre B, Renzi G, Schrenzel J. Missed pertussis diagnosis during co-infection with Bordetella holmesii. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2022. [PMID: 36050561 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-022-04488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to identify predictive factors associated with missed diagnosis of B. pertussis-B. holmesii co-infection by assessing the analytical performance of a commercially available multiplexed PCR assay and by building a prediction model based on clinical signs and symptoms for detecting co-infections. This is a retrospective study on the electronic health records of all clinical samples that tested positive to either B. pertussis or B. holmesii from January 2015 to January 2018 at Geneva University Hospitals. Multivariate logistic regression was used to build a model for co-infection prediction based on the electronic health record chart review. Limit of detection was determined for all targets of the commercial multiplexed PCR assay used on respiratory samples. A regression model, developed from clinical symptoms and signs, predicted B. pertussis and B. holmesii co-infection with an accuracy of 82.9% (95% CI 67.9-92.8%, p value = .012), for respiratory samples positive with any of the two tested Bordetella species. We found that the LOD of the PCR reaction targeting ptxS1 is higher than that reported by the manufacturer by a factor 10. The current testing strategy misses B. pertussis and B. holmesii co-infections by reporting only B. holmesii infections. Thus, we advocate to perform serological testing for detecting a response against pertussis toxin whenever a sample is found positive for B. holmesii. These findings are important, both from a clinical and epidemiological point of view, as the former impacts the choice of antimicrobial drugs and the latter biases surveillance data, by underestimating B. pertussis infections during co-infections.
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15
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Agnello L, Giglio RV, Gambino CM, Iacona A, Mancuso G, Biundo G, Lo Sasso B, Vidali M, Ciaccio M. Time-dependent stability of monocyte distribution width (MDW). Clin Chim Acta 2022; 533:40-41. [PMID: 35714937 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Agnello
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosaria Vincenza Giglio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital "P. Giaccone", 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina Maria Gambino
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital "P. Giaccone", 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Iacona
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital "P. Giaccone", 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mancuso
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital "P. Giaccone", 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Biundo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital "P. Giaccone", 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Bruna Lo Sasso
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital "P. Giaccone", 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Matteo Vidali
- Foundation IRCCS Ca' Grande Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Ciaccio
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital "P. Giaccone", 90127 Palermo, Italy.
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16
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Kalita M, Payne MM, Bossmann SH. Glyco-nanotechnology: A biomedical perspective. Nanomedicine 2022; 42:102542. [PMID: 35189393 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2022.102542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glycans govern cellular signaling through glycan-protein and glycan-glycan crosstalk. Disruption in the crosstalk initiates 'rogue' signaling and pathology. Nanomaterials supply platforms for multivalent displays of glycans, mediate 'rogue' signal correction, and provide disease treatment modalities (therapeutics). The decorated glycans also target overexpressed lectins on unhealthy cells and direct metal nanoparticles such as gold, iron oxide, and quantum dots to the site of infection. The nanoparticles inform us about the state of the disease (diagnosis) through their distinct optical, magnetic, and electronic properties. Glyco-nanoparticles can sense disease biomarkers, report changes in protein-glycan interactions, and safeguard quality control (analysis). Here we review the current state of glyco-nanotechnology focusing on diagnosis, therapeutics, and analysis of human diseases. We highlight how glyco-nanotechnology could aid in improving diagnostic methods for the detection of disease biomarkers with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorescence imaging (FLI), enhance therapeutics such as anti-adhesive treatment of cancer and vaccines against pneumonia, and advance analysis such as the rapid detection of pharmaceutical heparin contaminant and recombinant SARS-COV-2 spike protein. We illustrate these progressions and outline future potentials of glyco-nanotechnology in advancing human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mausam Kalita
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Macy M Payne
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Stefan H Bossmann
- The University of Kansas Cancer Center-Drug Discovery, Delivery and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Kansas Medical Center-Cancer Biology, Kansas City, KS.
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17
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Kleimann J, Dialynas K, Fraternale F, Galli A, Heerikhuisen J, Izmodenov V, Kornbleuth M, Opher M, Pogorelov N. The Structure of the Large-Scale Heliosphere as Seen by Current Models. Space Sci Rev 2022; 218:36. [PMID: 35664863 PMCID: PMC9156516 DOI: 10.1007/s11214-022-00902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the current state of research aiming at a description of the global heliosphere using both analytical and numerical modeling efforts, particularly in view of the overall plasma/neutral flow and magnetic field structure, and its relation to energetic neutral atoms. Being part of a larger volume on current heliospheric research, it also lays out a number of key concepts and describes several classic, though still relevant early works on the topic. Regarding numerical simulations, emphasis is put on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD), multi-fluid, kinetic-MHD, and hybrid modeling frameworks. Finally, open issues relating to the physical relevance of so-called "croissant" models of the heliosphere, as well as the general (dis)agreement of model predictions with observations are highlighted and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Kleimann
- Theoretische Physik IV, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Federico Fraternale
- Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA
| | | | - Jacob Heerikhuisen
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Waikato, Hamilton, 3240 New Zealand
| | - Vladislav Izmodenov
- Moscow Center of Fundamental and Applied Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Space Research Institute (IKI) of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marc Kornbleuth
- Astronomy Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Merav Opher
- Astronomy Department, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215 USA
- Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Nikolai Pogorelov
- Center for Space Plasma and Aeronomic Research, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA
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18
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Muresan B, Liu Y, Le Gac Q, Lumière L, Cerezo V. In-line measurement of exhaust mercury emissions by an instrumented light-duty vehicle using both on-road and test track experiments. Sci Total Environ 2022; 805:150265. [PMID: 34536878 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The initial purpose of this study has been to develop an instrumental platform for monitoring mercury (Hg) emissions from vehicle exhausts under actual traffic conditions. The platform was then mounted onto a fully-instrumented passenger car to identify emission proxies and factors governing the emissions of gaseous elemental Hg (GeM) and its complementary fraction (GdPM). Data obtained from the road were complemented by data acquired on a test track at either stabilized speeds or well-characterized speed variations. GeM emissions increased overall with both driving speed and fuel consumption; nonetheless, they were influenced by the sequence of accelerations and duration associated with the preceding idling or low-speed driving situations. GdPM emissions varied considerably over the course of trips or track tests, with medians ranging from 7% to 70% of the total Hg emissions stemming from fuel. Such high percentages could be explained by a series of redox reactions, whose kinetics and yield were influenced as much by exhaust gas temperature as by driving conditions or the exhaust system structural configuration. Lastly, an analysis of the GeM and GdPM signals showed that urban cores constitute emission hotspots during rush hour when handling low-speed driving and stop-and-go traffic.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Muresan
- Environmental Planning, Safety and Eco-design (EASE-AME) Laboratory, Gustave Eiffel University, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France.
| | - Y Liu
- Environmental Planning, Safety and Eco-design (EASE-AME) Laboratory, Gustave Eiffel University, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Q Le Gac
- Environmental Planning, Safety and Eco-design (EASE-AME) Laboratory, Gustave Eiffel University, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - L Lumière
- Environmental Planning, Safety and Eco-design (EASE-AME) Laboratory, Gustave Eiffel University, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - V Cerezo
- Environmental Planning, Safety and Eco-design (EASE-AME) Laboratory, Gustave Eiffel University, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France
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19
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Patel DK. Biological importance, therapeutic benefit and analytical aspects of bioactive flavonoid pectolinarin in the nature. Drug Metab Lett 2021; 14:117-125. [PMID: 34313205 DOI: 10.2174/1872312814666210726112910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Plants and their derived products have been used in the traditional system of medicine for the treatment of various forms of human disorders since very ancient time. In the traditional system of medicine and modern allopathic medicine, numerous phytoconstituents have been used for the preparation of various types of formulation. Flavonoidal class phytochemicals are the main active phytoconstituents of plants, fruit, vegetables and beverages. Flavonoidal class phytochemicals are more referred as "nutraceuticals" due to their important pharmacological activities in the mammalian body. METHODS In order to understand the health beneficial effects of flavonoidal class chemical, present work summarized the health beneficial aspects of pectolinarin. Present work summarized the medicinal importance, pharmacological activities and analytical aspects of pectolinarin with various experimental models and advance analytical methods. However, all the collected scientific information's have been analyzed in the present work for their health beneficial potential. RESULTS From the analysis of all the collected scientific information in the present work it was found that pectolinarin is an important phytochemical found to be present in the numerous medicinal plants but especially found in Cirsium japonicum which is an important medicinal herb of Korea, China and Japan. Pharmacological activities data analysis signified the health beneficial potential of pectolinarin for their anti-rheumatoid arthritis, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-diabetic, anti-tumor, anti-dengue, antiviral, neuroprotective and antidepressant activity. However effectiveness of pectolinarin in central nervous system, bone, liver and cancerous disorders have been also reported in the literature. Analysis of present scientific information revealed the health beneficial potential of pectolinarin in the modern medicine due to their numerous pharmacological activities in different part of biological systems. Due to their biological importance in food and human health, a better understanding of their biological activities indicates their potentials as therapeutic agents. CONCLUSION Scientific data of the present work signified the biological potential and therapeutic benefit of pectolinarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Naini, Prayagraj, 211007, Uttar Pradesh, Poland
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20
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Viviers HJ, Petzer A, Gordon R. An assessment of the potency related to Cannabis-based products in the South African market. Forensic Sci Int 2021; 322:110754. [PMID: 33862324 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
It was the aim of this study to analyse a portion of the South African cannabis-based products market and provide a detailed overview of their THC and CBD profiles. To date, no data of this kind exists in South Africa. Samples were submitted to a contract laboratory. A total of 840 samples were analysed in duplicate (1680 datapoints in total) and reported in an anonymous format. Samples were categorised into 7 different types: Edible, Extract, Infusion, Liquid, Other, Plant material, and Solid. Each category was divided into the following weight by percentage concentration levels:<0.1 wt.-%, 0.1 wt.-% to 1 wt.-% and finally>1 wt.-%. Both HPLC-UV, as well as, GC-MS was employed for analysis with the datasets combined. The results indicated that high amounts of THC are present in most of the cannabis-based products in South Africa. This is of concern due to the health implications of these products, and the current South African legislation related to CBD and THC. Medicines and controlled substance regulators as well as the South African public will be informed about the current state of cannabis-based products in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Jacobus Viviers
- Lab manager at National Analytical Forensic Services (NAFS), 109 Sovereign Drive, R21 Corporate Park, Centurion, South Africa.
| | - Anél Petzer
- North West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 11 Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Richard Gordon
- North West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 11 Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council, Francie Van Zyl Rd, Parow, Cape Town
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21
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Georghiou SB, Gomathi NS, Rajendran P, Nagalakshmi V, Prabakaran L, Prem Kumar MM, Macé A, Tripathy S, Ruhwald M, Schumacher SG, Penn-Nicholson A. Accuracy of the Truenat MTB-RIF Dx assay for detection of rifampicin resistance-associated mutations. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2021; 127:102064. [PMID: 33652272 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2021.102064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Priya Rajendran
- Indian Council for Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - V Nagalakshmi
- Indian Council for Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - L Prabakaran
- Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics -India, New Delhi, India
| | - M Michel Prem Kumar
- Indian Council for Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Aurélien Macé
- Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Srikanth Tripathy
- Indian Council for Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Morten Ruhwald
- Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics, Geneva, Switzerland
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22
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Fiedler H, Kennedy T, Henry BJ. A Critical Review of a Recommended Analytical and Classification Approach for Organic Fluorinated Compounds with an Emphasis on Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021; 17:331-351. [PMID: 33009873 PMCID: PMC7898881 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Organic fluorinated compounds have been detected in various environmental media and biota. Some of these compounds are regulated locally (e.g., perfluorononanoic acid maximum contaminant level in drinking water by the New Jersey Dept. of Environmental Protection), nationally (e.g., perfluorooctanoic acid maximum acceptable concentration in drinking water by Health Canada), or internationally (e.g., Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants). Globally, regulators and researchers seek to identify the organic fluorinated compounds associated with potential adverse effects, bioaccumulation, mobility, and persistence to manage their risks, and, to understand the beneficial attributes they bring to products such as first responder gear, etc. Clarity is needed to determine the best analytical method for the goal of the analyses (e.g., pure research or analysis to determine the extent of an accidental release, monitoring groundwater for specific compounds to determine regulatory compliance, and establish baseline levels in a river of organic fluorinated substances associated with human health risk prior to a clean-up effort). Analytical techniques that identify organic fluorine coupled together with targeted chemical analysis will yield information sufficient to identify public health or environmental hazards. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:331-351. © 2020. W.L. Gore & Associates Inc. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidelore Fiedler
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and TechnologyÖrebro UniversityÖrebroSweden
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Abstract
With the increasing demand for natural products by the consumer in the marketplace it is necessary to see a proportional increase in behind-the-scenes science to ensure that the ideology of safety and honesty, that is justifiably expected by the wider public, is adequately satisfied. It is of essence to have a fair yet firm governance of nutraceuticals, cosmetics, therapies, and foods. However, with increasing sophistications in adulteration and "claim" loopholes that make it easier for adulterated or counterfeited natural products to be "fudged" to meet the pharmacopeia standards, governance protocols must utilize an "identification and authentication" approach that goes beyond the Pharmacopeia standards to help regulate and transparently communicate natural products in the commercial context. While it is becoming a rat race in keeping commercial natural products honest, modern technology can support authenticators and adequately defeat these challenges.
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Pourseyed Lazarjani M, Torres S, Hooker T, Fowlie C, Young O, Seyfoddin A. Methods for quantification of cannabinoids: a narrative review. J Cannabis Res 2020; 2:35. [PMID: 33526084 PMCID: PMC7819317 DOI: 10.1186/s42238-020-00040-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Around 144 cannabinoids have been identified in cannabis plant, among them tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the most prominent ones. Because of the legal restrictions on cannabis in many countries, it is difficult to obtain standards to use in research; nonetheless, it is important to develop a cannabinoid quantification technique with pharmaceutical applications for quality control of future therapeutic cannabinoids. METHOD To find relevant articles for this narrative review paper, a combination of keywords such as medicinal cannabis, analytical, quantification and cannabinoids were searched for in PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library (Wiley) databases. RESULTS The most common cannabinoid quantification techniques include gas chromatography (GC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). GC is often used in conjunction with mass spectrometry (MS) or flame ionization detection (FID). The major advantage of GC is terpenes quantification however, for evaluating acidic cannabinoids it needs to be derivatised. The main advantage of HPLC is the ability to quantify both acidic and neutral forms of cannabinoids without derivatisation which is often with MS or ultraviolet (UV) detectors. CONCLUSION Based on the information presented in this review, the ideal cannabinoid quantification method is HPLC- MS/MS for the cannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Pourseyed Lazarjani
- Drug Delivery Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stephanie Torres
- Drug Delivery Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.,Chapman University, Orange, California, USA
| | | | | | - Owen Young
- School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ali Seyfoddin
- Drug Delivery Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
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25
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van Rossum HH. An approach to selecting auto-verification limits and validating their error detection performance independently for pre- analytical and analytical errors. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 508:130-136. [PMID: 32416173 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Auto-verification limits are widely used to trigger confirmatory actions to enable detection of pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical errors. An approach is presented for validating auto-verification limit performance in a laboratory-specific manner, independently for pre-analytical and analytical error detection. METHODS To evaluate this approach, MA Generator (www.huvaros.com) was used to run error-detection simulations using various upper-limit checks (ULC) and lower-limit checks (LLC). Pre-analytical error detection was defined as triggering of a limit check alarm within one erroneous result. Analytical error detection was defined as triggering a limit check alarm within the scheduled internal QC measurement interval, both with ≥97.5% probability. Furthermore, the limit check alarm rates were obtained. RESULTS Pre-analytical error detection and rapid detection of larger analytical errors by limit checks outperformed moving average quality control at the cost of a significantly larger number of alarms. A pre-analytical error detection by LLC and ULC of ≥-55% and >60%, ≥-10% and ≥20%, and ≥-40% and ≥50% and an analytical error detection of ≥-4% and ≥15%, ≥-3% and ≥4% and ≥-30% and ≥25% were obtained for hemoglobin, sodium and calcium, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The obtained ULC and LLC alarm rate and error detection performance, enabled substantiated selection of optimal auto-verification limits and validation thereof.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huub H van Rossum
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Huvaros, the Netherlands.
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Ravish S, Setia B, Deswal S. Data on appraisal of groundwater quality in north-eastern Haryana. Data Brief 2019; 25:104164. [PMID: 31453276 PMCID: PMC6700504 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.104164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This dataset paper aimed to analyse the quality of groundwater of Yamunanagar and Ambala districts in North-Eastern Haryana, India rooted on the various analytical elements and hydro-chemical parameters. Also, Piper and Gibbs diagram were applied to observe hydro-chemical characteristics and controlling constituents of the underground aqua region. The impendence of anions was noted to be tolerable in 93.33% of the spots while 86.67% groundwater samples were observed to be in the desirable limit for cations. The analytical constituents of TH, TA, TDS, and pH were reported to be tolerable in 76.66%, 80%, 60%, and 100% of the water-samples, respectively. Eight water-sampling spots manifested unacceptable ranges of one or more of the physico-chemical constituents. Seven spots were observed to be suffering from one constituent and therefore were classified to be falling in the 'Grey-Zone'. One location (i.e. 23) has been found to be severely influenced by excess of TH, TA, TDS, SO4 2-, and Ca2+ and is reported to be falling in the 'Red-Zone'. The classification of groundwater based on Piper diagram depicted that pre-dominant type of sub-surface water hydro-chemical facies of area was 'Ca- Mg- HCO3-Cl'. Gibb's figure revealed that underground water pre-eminence distribution is probably resulted by water-rock dominance in sub-surface water.
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Abstract
Ceruloplasmin (Cp) plays an important role in copper transport and iron metabolism, as well as Cp is also an indicator for the health status of dairy cows. The present study reports the validation of an automated assay to assess the plasma Cp in dairy cows. Plasma Cp levels were determined in 40 Holstein cows and intra- and inter-assay precision, accuracy, detection limit, and clinical validation of the assay were determined. Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were < 2% and < 7%, respectively. The results were linear when serial sample dilutions were tested (r = 0.999, P < 0.001). The detection limit was lower than what could be measured in plasma from healthy cows. Increased plasma Cp levels were found in cows with inflammatory diseases. The method validated in this study is precise, simple, and fast and can be easily adapted to biochemical automated analysers. Furthermore, the promising results obtained with this protein will contribute to a wider use of Cp determination in bovine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Awad Hussein
- Veterinary Internal Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526 Egypt
| | - Jacqueline Bäumer
- Klinik für Klauentiere, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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Agbogbo FK, Ecker DM, Farrand A, Han K, Khoury A, Martin A, McCool J, Rasche U, Rau TD, Schmidt D, Sha M, Treuheit N. Current perspectives on biosimilars. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 46:1297-311. [PMID: 31317293 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-019-02216-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an overview of the biosimilars market, pipeline and industry targets is discussed. Biosimilars typically have a shorter timeline for approval (8 years) compared to 12 years for innovator drugs and the development cost can be 10–20% of the innovator drug. The biosimilar pipeline is reviewed as well as the quality management system (QMS) that is needed to generate traceable, trackable data sets. One difference between developing a biosimilar compared to an originator is that a broader analytical foundation is required for biosimilars and advances made in developing analytical similarity to characterize these products are discussed. An example is presented on the decisions and considerations explored in the development of a biosimilar and includes identification of the best process parameters and methods based on cost, time, and titer. Finally factors to consider in the manufacture of a biosimilar and approaches used to achieve the target-directed development of a biosimilar are discussed.
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Kavsak PA, MacCuish J, Boreyko J, Roy C, Lamers S, Clark L. Analytical characterization of the Siemens Dimension EXL high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I assay. Clin Biochem 2019; 69:52-56. [PMID: 31063741 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics has four commercially available assays on different analytical platforms using different methodologies to generate signal. We assessed the analytical performance of the Dimension EXL hs-cTnI assay (LOCI method) across different matrices and compared it to two different acridinium ester-based hs-cTnI assays (ADVIA Centaur and Abbott ARCHITECT). METHODS The analytical sensitivity and precision below the 99th-percentile was determined for the Dimension EXL hs-cTnI assay. Method comparisons were performed between the Dimension EXL contemporary cTnI and the hs-cTnI assays, between different matrices for the EXL hs-cTnI assay (serum, lithium heparin and EDTA plasma), and between different hs-cTnI assays (EXL versus ADVIA Centaur or Abbott ARCHITECT) using non-parametric analyses. RESULTS The limit of blank and detection were 0.9 ng/L and 1.7 ng/L, respectively, with imprecision of 5.8% at 8.6 ng/L and 3.2% at 47.5 ng/L. Comparison between the EXL contemporary cTnI and hs-cTnI assay (range: 2.6-4214 ng/L) yielded proportional lower concentrations for the hs-cTnI assay (slope = 0.86; 95%CI: 0.81 to 0.96, n = 40); however, there was no difference in concentrations below 100 ng/L between the assays (median difference = -2.7 ng/L; 95%CI: -9.8 to 9.3). Passing-Bablok regression analysis with EDTA plasma yielded proportionally higher concentrations with the EXL hs-cTnI versus Abbott hs-cTnI (slope = 1.45; 95%CI: 1.02-1.86, n = 40) with proportionally lower concentrations with EDTA versus lithium heparin plasma with the EXL hs-cTnI assay alone (slope = 0.93; 95%CI: 0.90 to 0.99, n = 40). Comparison with Abbott hs-cTnI concentrations below 100 ng/L in the three matrices, indicated that the EXL hs-cTnI assay yielded higher concentrations (median difference range: 3.4-9.4 ng/L), with differences also evident when comparing the EXL hs-cTnI assay to the ADVIA Centaur hs-cTnI assay. CONCLUSION The Siemens EXL hs-cTnI assay meets the analytical criteria for a high-sensitivity assay, with assay specific cutoffs important to maximize clinical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Kavsak
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Core Laboratory, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Jackie MacCuish
- Core Laboratory, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jill Boreyko
- Core Laboratory, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Chantele Roy
- Clinical Research Laboratory and Biobank, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Shana Lamers
- Clinical Research Laboratory and Biobank, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lorna Clark
- Core Laboratory, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Ilett M, Brydson R, Brown A, Hondow N. Cryo- analytical STEM of frozen, aqueous dispersions of nanoparticles. Micron 2019; 120:35-42. [PMID: 30763878 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In situ characterisation of nanoparticle dispersion and surface coatings is required to further our understanding of the behaviour of nanoparticles in aqueous suspension. Using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) it is possible to analyse a nanoparticle suspension in the frozen, hydrated state; however, this analysis is often limited to imaging alone. This work demonstrates the first use of analytical scanning TEM (STEM) in the examination of nanoparticles captured in a layer of vitreous ice. Imaging and analysis of frozen hydrated suspensions by both STEM energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) under cryogenic conditions demonstrates the identification and separation of CeO2, Fe2O3, ZnO and Ag nanoparticles in suspension. Damage caused by the electron beam was shown to occur at far higher electron fluences in STEM (<2000 e-/Å2) compared to CTEM (<100 e-/Å2) due to diffusion limited damage by the radiolysis products generated in vitreous ice. Further application of cryo-analytical STEM was undertaken on barium titanate biomarker nanoparticles dispersed in cell culture media to show the formation of a Ca and P rich coating around the nanoparticles when suspended in the media. This previously unreported coating changes the surface chemistry of the biomarkers when exposed to cells. Thus we show that the technique has the potential to advance our understanding of the fundamental behaviour of nanoparticles in complex aqueous suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Ilett
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Rik Brydson
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Andy Brown
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Nicole Hondow
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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Jafari MJ, Monazam MR, Kazempour M. Providing an optimal porous absorbent pattern to reduce mid to low-frequency sounds. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2018; 16:289-297. [PMID: 30729000 PMCID: PMC6277340 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-018-0317-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Noise is definitely a nuisance to the quality of people's lives and health. In recent decades the public has suffered from industrial and environmental noise and its control has had a desirable impact on people's lives. Though noise cannot be completely eliminated, it can be mitigated to a level that it is less harmful to people's health. One of the ways for obtaining these pleasing environment is to design and use the absorbing sound materials. Fibrous and porous materials are the ordinary absorptive materials that are not good absorbers for low and mid frequency sounds. In this study, we examined the different parameters that affect the quality of absorbers, which could provide the best pattern for mid to low frequencies with the numerical and analytical models. For this purpose, three methods including measurement of absorption coefficient by impedance tube, analytical and numerical methods were used. Accuracy was determined by comparing measurement and two prediction methods. The results showed that the experimental and analytical methods provided by the Delany and Bazely and finite element (COMSOL) modeling have good adaptation. The best thickness of porous sound absorbers for low to mid frequencies f:[80-5000]Hz is about 10 cm with the air flow resistivity of 10,000-30,000 Ns/ m4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Javad Jafari
- Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Monazam
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Kazempour
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tadesse H, Desta K, Kinde S, Hassen F, Gize A. Clinical chemistry laboratory errors at St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College (SPHMMC), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:789. [PMID: 30390689 PMCID: PMC6215670 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3893-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was aimed to determine the magnitude of errors in clinical chemistry laboratory tests at different phases of the assay of clinical chemistry laboratory unit. Results From the total 1633 clinical chemistry laboratory tests done, overall, 541 (33.1%) errors occurred which accounts that 392 (72.3%), 45 (8.3%), and 104 (19.2%) were pre analytical, analytical and post analytical phases of errors, respectively. Incomplete clinical data of patient was observed on 1185 (72.6%) of CLL tests. Name, gender, and age of patients were missed on 8 (0.5%), 190 (11.6%), and 257 (15.7%) forms of the requests, respectively. The physician’s name existed only on 248 (15.2%) and signature on 1137 (69.6%) of the request forms. An essential patient data were incomplete, which needs emphasis on awareness creation. Such practice improves laboratory data interpretation and thereby prevent misdiagnose and mistreatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirut Tadesse
- Department of Laboratory Science, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kassu Desta
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Samuel Kinde
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Fatuma Hassen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Gize
- Department of Microbiology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Germain P. Comment on "Volatile methylsiloxanes in personal care products - Using QuEChERS as a "green" analytical approach" by Daniela Capela, Vera Homem, Arminda Alves, Lúcia Santos. Talanta 2017; 174:156-7. [PMID: 28738562 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this recent paper, Capela et al. (2016) [1] describe an analytical method for determination of volatile methylsiloxanes (VMS) in a variety of personal care products (PCPs) using QuEChERS methodology (Lehotay et al., 2010) [2]. Subsequently, this method was then used by the authors to measure VMS levels in a cross-section of PCPs to estimate average daily dermal exposure, average daily inhalation exposure, and down the drain emissions of VMS components to the environment (Capela et al., 2016) [3]. The authors are commended for selecting a broad range of sample types for the investigation and for thoroughly describing the approaches used to validate the method. However, a careful analysis of the reported cyclic volatile methylsiloxane (cVMS) concentrations raises concerns that artifacts of cVMS analysis were not adequately controlled for in the method used to determine the cVMS concentrations in PCPs. The comments presented here apply beyond this particular article and serve as an opportunity to inform other researchers about the potential pitfalls and difficulties associated with cyclosiloxane analyses, even with what might appear to be a successfully validated method, while providing examples of the concerns and precautions that must be taken into consideration whenever analyzing for cVMS in complex matrices such as PCPs.
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Mol M, Regazzoni L, Altomare A, Degani G, Carini M, Vistoli G, Aldini G. Enzymatic and non-enzymatic detoxification of 4-hydroxynonenal: Methodological aspects and biological consequences. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 111:328-344. [PMID: 28161307 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE), an electrophilic end-product deriving from lipid peroxidation, undergoes a heterogeneous set of biotransformations including enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions. The former mostly involve red-ox reactions on the HNE oxygenated functions (phase I metabolism) and GSH conjugations (phase II) while the latter are due to the HNE capacity to spontaneously condense with nucleophilic sites within endogenous molecules such as proteins, nucleic acids and phospholipids. The overall metabolic fate of HNE has recently attracted great interest not only because it clearly determines the HNE disposal, but especially because the generated metabolites and adducts are not inactive molecules (as initially believed) but show biological activities even more pronounced than those of the parent compound as exemplified by potent pro-inflammatory stimulus induced by GSH conjugates. Similarly, several studies revealed that the non-enzymatic reactions, initially considered as damaging processes randomly involving all endogenous nucleophilic reactants, are in fact quite selective in terms of both reactivity of the nucleophilic sites and stability of the generated adducts. Even though many formed adducts retain the expected toxic consequences, some adducts exhibit well-defined beneficial roles as documented by the protective effects of sublethal concentrations of HNE against toxic concentrations of HNE. Clearly, future investigations are required to gain a more detailed understanding of the metabolic fate of HNE as well as to identify novel targets involved in the biological activity of the HNE metabolites. These studies are and will be permitted by the continuous progress in the analytical methods for the identification and quantitation of novel HNE metabolites as well as for proteomic analyses able to offer a comprehensive picture of the HNE-induced adducted targets. On these grounds, the present review will focus on the major enzymatic and non-enzymatic HNE biotransformations discussing both the molecular mechanisms involved and the biological effects elicited. The review will also describe the most important analytical enhancements that have permitted the here discussed advancements in our understanding of the HNE metabolic fate and which will permit in a near future an even better knowledge of this enigmatic molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Mol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Regazzoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Altomare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Genny Degani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Carini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Yihdego Y, Drury L. Mine dewatering and impact assessment in an arid area: Case of Gulf region. Environ Monit Assess 2016; 188:634. [PMID: 27778216 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5542-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Analytical and empirical solution coupled with water balance method were used to predict the ground water inflow to a mine pit excavated below the water table, final pit lake level/recovery and radius of influence, through long-term and time variant simulations. The solution considers the effect of decreased saturated thickness near the pit walls, distributed recharge to the water table and upward flow through the pit bottom. The approach is flexible to accommodate the anisotropy/heterogeneity of the real world. Final pit void water level was assessed through scenarios to know whether it will be consumed by evaporation and a shallow lake will form or not. The optimised radius of influence was estimated which is considered as crucial information in relation to the engineering aspects of mine planning and sustainable development of the mine area. Time-transient inflow over a period of time was estimated using solutions, including analytical element method (AEM). Their primary value is in providing estimates of pit inflow rates to be used in the mine dewatering. Inflow estimation and recovery helps whether there is water to supplement the demand and if there is any recovery issue to be dealt with in relation to surface and groundwater quality/eco-system, environmental evaluations and mitigation. Therefore, this method is good at informing decision makers in assessing the effects of mining operations and developing an appropriate water management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Yihdego
- Snowy Mountains Engineering Corporation (SMEC), Sydney, NSW, 2060, Australia.
| | - Len Drury
- Snowy Mountains Engineering Corporation (SMEC), Sydney, NSW, 2060, Australia
- Snowy Mountains Engineering Corporation (SMEC), Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Beccati D, Lech M, Ozug J, Gunay NS, Wang J, Sun EY, Pradines JR, Farutin V, Shriver Z, Kaundinya GV, Capila I. An integrated approach using orthogonal analytical techniques to characterize heparan sulfate structure. Glycoconj J 2016; 34:107-117. [PMID: 27771794 PMCID: PMC5266780 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9734-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS), a glycosaminoglycan present on the surface of cells, has been postulated to have important roles in driving both normal and pathological physiologies. The chemical structure and sulfation pattern (domain structure) of HS is believed to determine its biological function, to vary across tissue types, and to be modified in the context of disease. Characterization of HS requires isolation and purification of cell surface HS as a complex mixture. This process may introduce additional chemical modification of the native residues. In this study, we describe an approach towards thorough characterization of bovine kidney heparan sulfate (BKHS) that utilizes a variety of orthogonal analytical techniques (e.g. NMR, IP-RPHPLC, LC-MS). These techniques are applied to characterize this mixture at various levels including composition, fragment level, and overall chain properties. The combination of these techniques in many instances provides orthogonal views into the fine structure of HS, and in other instances provides overlapping / confirmatory information from different perspectives. Specifically, this approach enables quantitative determination of natural and modified saccharide residues in the HS chains, and identifies unusual structures. Analysis of partially digested HS chains allows for a better understanding of the domain structures within this mixture, and yields specific insights into the non-reducing end and reducing end structures of the chains. This approach outlines a useful framework that can be applied to elucidate HS structure and thereby provides means to advance understanding of its biological role and potential involvement in disease progression. In addition, the techniques described here can be applied to characterization of heparin from different sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Beccati
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc., 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Miroslaw Lech
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc., 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jennifer Ozug
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc., 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Nur Sibel Gunay
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc., 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc., 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Elaine Y Sun
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc., 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Joël R Pradines
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc., 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Victor Farutin
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc., 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Zachary Shriver
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc., 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Ganesh V Kaundinya
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc., 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Ishan Capila
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc., 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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Pan SY, Chang EE, Kim H, Chen YH, Chiang PC. Validating carbonation parameters of alkaline solid wastes via integrated thermal analyses: Principles and applications. J Hazard Mater 2016; 307:253-262. [PMID: 26785217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Accelerated carbonation of alkaline solid wastes is an attractive method for CO2 capture and utilization. However, the evaluation criteria of CaCO3 content in solid wastes and the way to interpret thermal analysis profiles were found to be quite different among the literature. In this investigation, an integrated thermal analyses for determining carbonation parameters in basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS) were proposed based on thermogravimetric (TG), derivative thermogravimetric (DTG), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. A modified method of TG-DTG interpretation was proposed by considering the consecutive weight loss of sample with 200-900°C because the decomposition of various hydrated compounds caused variances in estimates by using conventional methods of TG interpretation. Different quantities of reference CaCO3 standards, carbonated BOFS samples and synthetic CaCO3/BOFS mixtures were prepared for evaluating the data quality of the modified TG-DTG interpretation, in terms of precision and accuracy. The quantitative results of the modified TG-DTG method were also validated by DSC analysis. In addition, to confirm the TG-DTG results, the evolved gas analysis was performed by mass spectrometer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for detection of the gaseous compounds released during heating. Furthermore, the decomposition kinetics and thermodynamics of CaCO3 in BOFS was evaluated using Arrhenius equation and Kissinger equation. The proposed integrated thermal analyses for determining CaCO3 content in alkaline wastes was precise and accurate, thereby enabling to effectively assess the CO2 capture capacity of alkaline wastes for mineral carbonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yuan Pan
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10673, Taiwan
| | - E-E Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Hyunook Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Seoul, Seoul 130-743, South Korea
| | - Yi-Hung Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Pen-Chi Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10673, Taiwan.
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Monneret D, Cracowski JL, Bonnefont-Rousselot D. Isoprostane as a promising prognostic biomarker in pulmonary arterial hypertension: pre analytical and analytical viewpoints. Int J Cardiol 2014; 177:527-8. [PMID: 25183532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.08.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hausner EA, Hicks KA, Leighton JK, Szarfman A, Thompson AM, Harlow P. Qualification of cardiac troponins for nonclinical use: a regulatory perspective. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 67:108-14. [PMID: 23876748 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Biomarker Qualification Review Team presents its perspective on the recent qualification of cardiac troponins for use in nonclinical safety assessment studies. The goal of this manuscript is to provide greater transparency into the qualification process and factors that were considered in reaching a regulatory decision. This manuscript includes an overview of the data that were submitted and a discussion of the strengths and shortcomings of these data supporting the qualification decision. The cardiac troponin submission is the first literature-based biomarker application to be reviewed by the FDA and insights gained from this experience may aid future submissions and help streamline the characterization and qualification of future biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Hausner
- Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, US Food and Drug Administration, United States.
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Goswami B, Singh B, Chawla R, Gupta VK, Mallika V. Turn Around Time (TAT) as a Benchmark of Laboratory Performance. Indian J Clin Biochem 2010; 25:376-9. [PMID: 21966108 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-010-0056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory analytical turnaround time is a reliable indicator of laboratory effectiveness. Our study aimed to evaluate laboratory analytical turnaround time in our laboratory and appraise the contribution of the different phases of analysis towards the same. The turn around time (TAT) for all the samples (both routine and emergency) for the outpatient and hospitalized patients were evaluated for one year. TAT was calculated from sample reception to report dispatch. The average TAT for the clinical biochemistry samples was 5.5 h for routine inpatient samples while the TAT for the outpatient samples was 24 h. The turnaround time for stat samples was 1 h. Pre- and Post-analytical phases were found to contribute approximately 75% to the total TAT. The TAT demonstrates the need for improvement in the pre- and post-analytical periods. We need to tread the middle path to perform optimally according to clinician expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binita Goswami
- Department of Biochemistry, G B Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India
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