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Takemoto K, Mikota Y, Moriuchi R, Yoneda Y, Kawai S. Cloning of three Alnus sieboldiana type III polyketide synthases and formation of polyketides in recombinant Escherichia coli using cinnamic acid analogs as substrates. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27698. [PMID: 38509908 PMCID: PMC10950652 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Alnus sieboldiana is an actinorhizal plant that coexists with the nitrogen-fixing actinomycete Frankia via nodules. It produces a variety of polyketides, including flavonoids, stilbenoids, and diarylheptanoids. These compounds have beneficial biological activities. Plant polyketides are produced by type III polyketide synthases (PKSIII). In this study, three A. sieboldiana PKSIIIs (AsPKSIII1, AsPKSIII2, and AsPKSIII3) predicted from next-generation sequencing analysis of A. sieboldiana seedling RNA were amplified and cloned. Phylogenetic tree analysis classified AsPKSIII2 and AsPKSIII3 into the chalcone synthase (CHS) group, whereas AsPKSIII1 was not classified into this group. We attempted to produce polyketides by adding cinnamic acid analogs to the culture medium of Escherichia coli, in which the respective PKSIII gene and the acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL) genes were simultaneously recombined. AsPKSIII1 is an enzyme that condensed only one molecule of malonyl-CoA to cinnamoyl-CoAs. In contrast, AsPKSIII2 and AsPKSIII3 produced chalcones as shown in a phylogenetic tree analysis, but also produced triketide pyrone. The ratio of these products differed between the two enzymes. We determined the gene and amino acid sequences as well as the substrate specificities of the two enzymes involved in flavonoid production and one enzyme potentially involved in diarylheptanoid production in A. sieboldiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konosuke Takemoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu-shi, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yuichi Mikota
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Ryota Moriuchi
- Functional Genomics Section, Shizuoka Instrumental Analysis Center, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yuko Yoneda
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Shingo Kawai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
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Takemoto K, Tsurugi-Sakurada A, Moriuchi R, Yoneda Y, Kawai S. Cloning and characterization of NADPH-dependent double-bond reductases from Alnus sieboldiana that recognize linear diarylheptanoids as substrates. Phytochemistry 2023; 215:113850. [PMID: 37659705 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Diarylheptanoids are secondary metabolites of plants that comprise a C6-C7-C6 scaffold. They can be broadly classified into linear-type and cyclic-type diarylheptanoids based on their chemical structures. Actinorhizal trees, such as Casuarina, Alnus, and Myrica, which form nodule symbiosis with actinomycetes Frankia, produce cyclic diarylheptanoids (CDHs); in Alnus sieboldiana Matsum. in particular, we have reported that the addition of CDHs leads to an increase in the number of nodules. However, the information available on the biosynthesis of CDHs is scarce. A greater number of plants CDHs (including those isolated from actinorhizal trees) with a saturated heptane chain have been isolated compared with linear, non-cyclic diarylheptanoids. To identify the genes involved in the synthesis of these compounds, genes with significant sequence similarity to existing plant double-bond reductases were screened in A. sieboldiana. This report describes the isolation and characterization of two A. sieboldiana double-bond reductases (AsDBR1 and AsDBR2) that catalyze the NADPH-dependent reduction of bisdemethoxycurcumin and curcumin. The optimum pH for the two enzymes was 5.0. The apparent Km values for bisdemethoxycurcumin and NADPH were 4.24 and 3.53 μM in the case of AsDBR1, and 2.55 and 2.13 μM for AsDBR2. The kcat value was 9.4-fold higher for AsDBR1 vs. AsDBR2 when using the bisdemethoxycurcumin substrate. Interestingly, the two AsDBRs failed to reduce the phenylpropanoid monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konosuke Takemoto
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan; The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu-shi, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Akiho Tsurugi-Sakurada
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Ryota Moriuchi
- Functional Genomics Section, Shizuoka Instrumental Analysis Center, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Yuko Yoneda
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan
| | - Shingo Kawai
- Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8529, Japan.
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Watanabe Y, Yamagishi S, Takata N, Tsuyama T, Yasue K, Ohno Y. Formation of xylem tissues and secondary cell walls is diminished by severe and consecutive insect defoliation. Am J Bot 2023; 110:e16232. [PMID: 37661818 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Insect defoliation of trees causes unusual changes to wood anatomy and slows radial growth that decreases tree value; however, the characteristics of these anatomical changes in hardwoods remain unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize the anatomy and histochemistry of the wood in trunks of Betula maximowicziana trees after severe insect defoliation. METHODS Secondary xylem tissues were sampled from trunks that had been defoliated by Caligula japonica at Naie and Furano in central Hokkaido during 2006-2012, then cross-dated and examined microscopically and stained histochemically to characterize anatomical and chemical changes in the cells. RESULTS White rings with thin-walled wood fibers and greatly reduced annual ring width in the subsequent year were observed in samples from both sites. From these results, the year that the white rings formed was determined, and severe defoliation was confirmed to trigger white ring formation. The characteristics may prove useful to detect the formation year of white rings. Scanning electron microscopy and histochemical analyses of the white rings indicated that the thickness of the S2 layer in the wall of wood fiber cells decreased, but xylan and lignin were still deposited in the cell walls of wood fibers. However, the walls of the fibers rethickened after the defoliation. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that B. maximowicziana responds to a temporary lack of carbon inputs due to insect defoliation by regulating the thickness of the S2 layer of the cell wall of wood fibers. For B. maximowicziana, insect defoliation late in the growing season has serious deleterious effects on wood formation and radial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Watanabe
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Shohei Yamagishi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, 305-8687, Japan
| | - Naoki Takata
- Forest Bio-Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Hitachi, 319-1301, Japan
| | - Taku Tsuyama
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Koh Yasue
- Institute for Mountain Science, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, 399-4598, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Ohno
- Forest Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization, Bibai, 079-0198, Japan
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Xu Y, Xu Y, Huang Z, Luo Y, Gao R, Xue J, Lin C, Pawlowski K, Zhou Z, Wei X. 3-Pentanol glycosides from root nodules of the actinorhizal plant Alnus cremastogyne. Phytochemistry 2023; 207:113582. [PMID: 36596436 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Alnus cremastogyne Burkill (Betulaceae), an actinorhizal plant, can enter a mutualistic symbiosis with Frankia species that leads to the formation of nitrogen fixing root nodules. Some primary metabolites (carbohydrates, dicarboxylic acids, amino acids, citrulline and amides) involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism in actinorhizal nodules have been identified, while specialized metabolites in A. cremastogyne root nodules are yet to be characterized. In this study, we isolated and identified three undescribed 3-pentanol glycosides, i.e., 3-pentyl α-l-arabinofuranosyl-(1''→6')-β-d-glucopyranoside, 3-pentyl α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1''→6')-β-d-glucopyranoside, and 3-pentyl 6'-(3-hydroxy3-methylglutaryl)-β-d-glucopyranoside, as well as seventeen known compounds from A. cremastogyne root nodules. 3-Pentanol glycosides are abundantly distributed in root nodules, while they are distributed in stems, roots, leaves and fruits at low/zero levels. A. cremastogyne plants treated by root nodule suspension emit 3-pentanol. This study enriches the knowledge about specialized metabolites in the actinorhizal host, and provides preliminarily information on the signal exchange in the actinorhizal symbiosis between A. cremastogyne and Frankia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingting Xu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yingchao Xu
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhengwan Huang
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yucai Luo
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruanling Gao
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Jinghua Xue
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Changli Lin
- Yunhe Forestry Bureau, Lishui, 323000, China
| | - Katharina Pawlowski
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhongyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, 510650, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Wei
- Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China; South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou, 510650, China
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Zhang M, Gao Y, Su X, Liu W, Guo Y, Jiang J, Ma W. Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Betula pendula purple rain ( betulaceae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2023; 8:281-284. [PMID: 36845004 PMCID: PMC9946319 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2023.2176182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Betula pendula purple rain is a variety of Betula pendula that is native to Europe and has important ornamental and economic value. In this study, we sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of B. pendula purple rain. This genome had a typical quadripartite structure with 160,552 bases, including a large single copy (LSC) region of 89,433 bases, a small single copy (SCC) region of 19,007 bases and two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 26,056 bases. The GC content of the chloroplast genome was 36% and contained 124 genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNA genes and 37 tRNA genes. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of reported chloroplast genomes showed that B. pendula purple rain was most closely related to Betula occidentalis and Betula platyphylla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Zhang
- Forestry College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Chemical Engineering and Resource utilization College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyue Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Weili Liu
- Experiment and Training Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yanli Guo
- Experiment and Training Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Forestry College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China,Jing Jiang Forestry College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin150006, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Experiment and Training Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China,CONTACT Wei Ma Pharmacy College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin150040, China
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Yang Z, Ma W, Yang X, Wang L, Zhao T, Liang L, Wang G, Ma Q. Plastome phylogenomics provide new perspective into the phylogeny and evolution of Betulaceae (Fagales). BMC Plant Biol 2022; 22:611. [PMID: 36566190 PMCID: PMC9789603 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03991-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Betulaceae is a relatively small but morphologically diverse family, with many species having important economic and ecological values. Although plastome structure of Betulaceae has been reported sporadically, a comprehensive exploration for plastome evolution is still lacking. Besides, previous phylogenies had been constructed based on limited gene fragments, generating unrobust phylogenetic framework and hindering further studies on divergence ages, biogeography and character evolution. Here, 109 plastomes (sixteen newly assembled and 93 previously published) were subject to comparative genomic and phylogenomic analyses to reconstruct a robust phylogeny and trace the diversification history of Betulaceae. RESULTS All Betulaceae plastomes were highly conserved in genome size, gene order, and structure, although specific variations such as gene loss and IR boundary shifts were revealed. Ten divergent hotspots, including five coding regions (Pi > 0.02) and five noncoding regions (Pi > 0.035), were identified as candidate DNA barcodes for phylogenetic analysis and species delimitation. Phylogenomic analyses yielded high-resolution topology that supported reciprocal monophyly between Betula and Alnus within Betuloideae, and successive divergence of Corylus, Ostryopsis, and Carpinus-Ostrya within Coryloideae. Incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization may be responsible for the mutual paraphyly between Ostrya and Carpinus. Betulaceae ancestors originated from East Asia during the upper Cretaceous; dispersals and subsequent vicariance accompanied by historical environment changes contributed to its diversification and intercontinental disjunction. Ancestral state reconstruction indicated the acquisition of many taxonomic characters was actually the results of parallel or reversal evolution. CONCLUSIONS Our research represents the most comprehensive taxon-sampled and plastome-level phylogenetic inference for Betulaceae to date. The results clearly document global patterns of plastome structural evolution, and established a well-supported phylogeny of Betulaceae. The robust phylogenetic framework not only provides new insights into the intergeneric relationships, but also contributes to a perspective on the diversification history and evolution of the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Hazelnut Industry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Wenxu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Lujun Wang
- Anhui Academy of Forestry, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Hazelnut Industry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Lisong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Hazelnut Industry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Guixi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, 100091, China
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
- National Innovation Alliance of Hazelnut Industry, Beijing, 100091, China
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Qinghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Beijing, 100091, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
- National Innovation Alliance of Hazelnut Industry, Beijing, 100091, China.
- Hazelnut Engineering and Technical Research Center of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing, 100091, China.
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Chetverikov PE, Bertone MA. First rhyncaphytoptine mite (Eriophyoidea, Diptilomiopidae) parasitizing American hazelnut (Corylus americana): molecular identification, confocal microscopy, and phylogenetic position. Exp Appl Acarol 2022; 88:75-95. [PMID: 36318416 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-022-00740-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The plant genus Corylus is an economically important crop, valued especially for its nuts. Numerous pathogens and harmful phytophagous arthropods are known to damage hazelnuts. We report on a new eriophyoid mite, Rhyncaphytoptus corylivagrans n. sp., and the first record of Coptophylla lamimani both collected from leaves of American hazelnut (Corylus americana) in North Carolina, USA. Including our new data, the complex of eriophyoids from Corylus comprises 15 species from three families: Phytoptidae (2 spp.), Eriophyidae (11 spp.), and Diptilomiopidae (2 spp.). We obtained sequences of three genes (Cox1, D1-D5 28S, and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2), applied BLAST and tree-based approaches for identification of R. corylivagrans n. sp., and performed the first molecular phylogenetic analysis focused on Rhyncaphytoptinae. Among the three genes, Cox1 showed better power when used for BLAST searches. Combined molecular phylogenetic analyses inferred R. corylivagrans n. sp. as sister to R. betulae, determined several moderately supported host-specific lineages of rhyncaphytoptines, and indicated a close relationship of the new species with members of the genus Rhinotergum. In two Rhinotergum spp. from Rosaceae, confocal microscopy revealed a new structure, the needle-like anterior process of the prodorsal shield, which is absent in R. corylivagrans n. sp. Additionally, the elements of the anal secretory apparatus presumably associated with silk-production and hypothesized as a synapomorphy of Eriophyoidea, were detected in the new species, providing the first documented report of this structure in Diptilomiopidae. Our study contributes to knowledge on the biodiversity of phytoparasites associated with hazelnuts and calls for future comparative phylogenetics of Diptilomiopidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp E Chetverikov
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia.
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, 199034,, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Matthew A Bertone
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7613, 27695, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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Zhang X, Li M, Wei Q, Xiao Y, Qin Y, Zhong L, Qin Z. Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of the Taiwan alder Alnus formosana ( Betulaceae) based on next-generation sequencing technology. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2021; 6:2841-2842. [PMID: 34514147 PMCID: PMC8425680 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.1969694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Alnus formosana (Betulaceae) is an important ecological and economic deciduous tree species widely distributed throughout subtropical regions of Taiwan province, China. At the present study, the complete chloroplast genome of A. formosana was assumbled using next-generation sequencing technology. The complete chloroplast sequence is 161,029 bp in length, which consisted of a large single copy (LSC, 89,720 bp) and a small single copy (SSC; 19,205 bp) separated a pair of inverted repeats (IRs; 26,052 bp). The overall guanine-cytosine (GC) content was 36.4%. A total of 131 genes were annotated, including 85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNAs, eight rRNAs and one pseudogene (ψycf1). The phylogenetic analysis fully resolved A. formosana in a clade with A. japonica. The plastome of A. formosana will provide informative genomic resources for further phylogenetic application and genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mimi Li
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China.,The Jiangsu Provincial Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiulan Wei
- Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Yufei Xiao
- Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | - Yufeng Qin
- Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
| | | | - Zihai Qin
- Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Nanning, China
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Yang YY, Qu XJ, Zhang R, Stull GW, Yi TS. Plastid phylogenomic analyses of Fagales reveal signatures of conflict and ancient chloroplast capture. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2021; 163:107232. [PMID: 34129935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plastid phylogenomic analyses have shed light on many recalcitrant relationships across the angiosperm Tree of Life and continue to play an important role in plant phylogenetics alongside nuclear data sets given the utility of plastomes for revealing ancient and recent introgression. Here we conduct a plastid phylogenomic study of Fagales, aimed at exploring contentious relationships (e.g., the placement of Myricaceae and some intergeneric relationships in Betulaceae, Juglandaceae, and Fagaceae) and dissecting conflicting phylogenetic signals across the plastome. Combining 102 newly sequenced samples with publically available plastomes, we analyzed a dataset including 256 species and 32 of the 34 total genera of Fagales, representing the largest plastome-based study of the order to date. We find strong support for a sister relationship between Myricaceae and Juglandaceae, as well as strongly supported conflicting signal for alternative generic relationships in Betulaceae and Juglandaceae. These conflicts highlight the sensitivity of plastid phylogenomic analyses to genic composition, perhaps due to the prevalence of uninformative loci and heterogeneity in signal across different regions of the plastome. Phylogenetic relationships were geographically structured in subfamily Quercoideae, with Quercus being non-monophyletic and its sections forming clades with co-distributed Old World or New World genera of Quercoideae. Compared against studies based on nuclear genes, these results suggest extensive introgression and chloroplast capture in the early diversification of Quercus and Quercoideae. This study provides a critical plastome perspective on Fagales phylogeny, setting the stage for future studies employing more extensive data from the nuclear genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Yang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Qu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Research, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shangdong 250014, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Gregory W Stull
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
| | - Ting-Shuang Yi
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China; CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China.
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Abstract
Erysiphe species (powdery mildews) on Corylus and Ostrya hosts (Betulaceae subfam. Coryloideae) in Asia and North America are widespread pathogens on these economically and ecologically valuable nut crops. An improved understanding of their phylogeny and taxonomy is of ecological and applied importance. Phylogenetic analyses and morphological reexaminations conducted in this study revealed a higher degree of diversity and cryptic speciation than reflected in earlier species concepts. North American collections on C. cornuta, which were previously assigned to E. corylacearum, proved to constitute a species of its own and are herein introduced as E. cornutae, sp. nov. Two additional North American species, E. coryli-americanae, sp. nov. and E. ostryae, sp. nov., have been detected on C. americana and O. virginiana and are described. They are morphologically similar to E. cornutae, but genetically distinct. Based on phylogenetic analyses, E. corylacearum is an Asian species confined to various Asian Corylus species. Sequence data retrieved from Japanese type material of E. corylicola revealed that this species clusters with sequences from E. elevata on Catalpa species, distant from all other Erysiphe species on Corylus. Morphologically similar, yet distinct, specimens on C. sieboldiana, which were previously assigned to E. corylicola, form a distinct, distant clade. The species involved is described herein as E. pseudocorylacearum, sp. nov. Additionally, an unusual infection of C. sieboldiana in Japan by E. syringae has been shown by means of sequence data. The phylogeny and taxonomy of Erysiphe species belonging to the Corylioideae are discussed in detail, and a key to the species concerned is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bradshaw
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Uwe Braun
- Herbarium, Bereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Institut für Biologie, Martin-Luther-Universität, Neuwerk 21, Halle (Saale) 06099, Germany
| | - Jamjan Meeboon
- Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsu, Mie 514-2392, Japan
| | - Patrick Tobin
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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11
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Iguchi T, Kuroda M, Akiyama N, Hashimoto M, Mimaki Y. Chemical constituents and aldose reductase inhibitory activities of Betula alba bark and leaves. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:1004-1008. [PMID: 33121272 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1839455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Systematic phytochemical investigation of the bark and leaves of Betula alba was independently conducted. A new cyclic diarylheptanoid glucoside (1), five diarylheptanoids (2-6), a phenylethanoid (7), a methyl salicylate glycoside (8), a dihydrobenzofuran glucoside (9), an arylbutanoid glycoside (10), two lignan glycosides (11 and 12), a flavanone glucoside (13), and a triterpene (14) were isolated from the bark of B. alba. On the other hand, two cyclic diarylheptanoids (15 and 16), five flavonoids (17-21), a phenylpropanoid (22), a phenylbutanoid glucoside (23), and a monoterpene glucoside (24) were obtained from the leaves of B. alba. The structures of the isolated compounds (1-24) were identified on the basis of one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopic data. Compounds 1-24 were subsequently examined for aldose reductase (AR) inhibitory activity. Compounds 14 and 17-20 moderately inhibited AR activity with IC50 values ranging from 6.6 to 34 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Iguchi
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo university of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minpei Kuroda
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo university of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nanami Akiyama
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo university of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Hashimoto
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo university of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Mimaki
- Department of Medicinal Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo university of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Hua D, Zhu J. Complete chloroplast genome sequence of Betula microphylla ( Betulaceae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2020; 5:2151-2152. [PMID: 33366950 PMCID: PMC7510756 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1768923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Betula microphylla (Betulaceae) is a species widely distributed in Xinjiang China and in Mongolia and Siberia of Russia. In this study, we described the complete chloroplast genome of B. microphylla based on Illumina paired-end sequencing. The chloroplast genome of B. microphylla is 160,489 bp long, including two inverted repeats (IRs, 26,070 bp), separated by a large single-copy region (LSC, 89,306 bp), and a small single-copy region (SSC, 19,045 bp). The overall GC content of the whole genome is 36.1%, and the corresponding values of the LSC, SSC, and IR regions are 33.7%, 29.7%, and 42.5%. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that B. microphylla is closely related to Betula occidentalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglai Hua
- College of Life Sciences, University of Shihezi, Shihezi, China
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, China
| | - Jianbo Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, University of Shihezi, Shihezi, China
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13
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Wang YL, Gao C, Chen L, Ji NN, Wu BW, Li XC, Lü PP, Zheng Y, Guo LD. Host plant phylogeny and geographic distance strongly structure Betulaceae-associated ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in Chinese secondary forest ecosystems. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 95:5393368. [PMID: 30889238 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental filtering and dispersal limitation are two of the primary drivers of community assembly in ecosystems, but their effects on ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungal communities associated with wide ranges of Betulaceae taxa at a large scale are poorly documented. In this study, we examined EM fungal communities associated with 23 species from four genera (Alnus, Betula, Carpinus and Corylus) of Betulaceae in Chinese secondary forest ecosystems, using Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the ITS2 region. Effects of host plant phylogeny, soil, climate and geographic distance on EM fungal community were explored. In total, we distinguished 1738 EM fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at a 97% sequence similarity level. The EM fungal communities of Alnus had significantly lower OTU richness than those associated with the other three plant genera. The EM fungal OTU richness was significantly affected by geographic distance, host plant phylogeny, soil and climate. The EM fungal community composition was significantly influenced by host plant phylogeny (12.1% of variation explained in EM fungal community), geographic distance (7.7%), soil (4.6%) and climate (1.1%). This finding highlights that environmental filtering linked to host plant phylogeny and dispersal limitation strongly influence EM fungal communities associated with Betulaceae plants in Chinese secondary forest ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Niu-Niu Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin-Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xing-Chun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Peng-Peng Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liang-Dong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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14
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Kang KB, Woo S, Ernst M, van der Hooft JJJ, Nothias LF, da Silva RR, Dorrestein PC, Sung SH, Lee M. Assessing specialized metabolite diversity of Alnus species by a digitized LC-MS/MS data analysis workflow. Phytochemistry 2020; 173:112292. [PMID: 32062198 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Alnus spp. (Betulaceae) have been used for treatments of hemorrhage, burn injuries, antipyretic fever, diarrhea, and alcoholism in traditional medicines. In this study, a digitized LC-MS/MS data analysis workflow was applied to provide an overview on chemical diversity of 15 Alnus extracts prepared from bark, twigs, leaves, and fruits of A. japonica, A. firma, A. hirsuta, and A. hirsuta var. sibirica. Most of the MS/MS spectra could be putatively annotated based on library matching, in silico fragmentation, and substructural topic modeling. The putative annotation allowed us to discriminate the extracts into three chemotypes based on dominant chemical scaffolds: diarylheptanoids, flavonoids or tannins. This high-throughput chemical annotation was correlated with α-glucosidase inhibition data of extracts, and it allowed us to identify gallic acid as the major active compound of A. firma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyo Bin Kang
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Sunmin Woo
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Madeleine Ernst
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Newborn Screening, Department of Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Justin J J van der Hooft
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Bioinformatics Group, Department of Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Louis-Félix Nothias
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ricardo R da Silva
- NPPNS, Physic and Chemistry Department, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sang Hyun Sung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Abstract
In the present study, we analyzed the complete chloroplast genome sequence of Betula costata using the Ion Torrent platform. The chloroplast genome of B. costata was found to be 160,547 bp in length, with a large single-copy (LSC) region of 89,385 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 19,038 bp, and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 26,062 bp each. The overall GC content of the chloroplast genome was 36.1%. It contained 132 genes, including 87 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 37 tRNA genes. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that B. costata is closely related to Betula nana and Betula pubescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Woo Lee
- Division of Forest Bioinformation, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Chul Kim
- Division of Forest Bioinformation, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jei-Wan Lee
- Division of Forest Bioinformation, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Ahn
- Division of Forest Bioinformation, National Institute of Forest Science, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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16
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Wang YL, Gao C, Chen L, Ji NN, Wu BW, Lü PP, Li XC, Qian X, Maitra P, Babalola BJ, Zheng Y, Guo LD. Community Assembly of Endophytic Fungi in Ectomycorrhizae of Betulaceae Plants at a Regional Scale. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:3105. [PMID: 32038548 PMCID: PMC6986194 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.03105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between aboveground and belowground biotic communities drives community assembly of plants and soil microbiota. As an important component of belowground microorganisms, root-associated fungi play pivotal roles in biodiversity maintenance and community assembly of host plants. The Betulaceae plants form ectomycorrhizae with soil fungi and widely distribute in various ecosystems. However, the community assembly of endophytic fungi in ectomycorrhizae is less investigated at a large spatial scale. Here, we examined the endophytic fungal communities in ectomycorrhizae of 22 species in four genera belonging to Betulaceae in Chinese forest ecosystems, using Illumina Miseq sequencing of internal transcribed spacer 2 amplicons. The relative contribution of host phylogeny, climate and soil (environmental filtering) and geographic distance (dispersal limitation) on endophytic fungal community was disentangled. In total, 2,106 endophytic fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained at a 97% sequence similarity level, dominated by Leotiomycetes, Agaricomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, and Sordariomycetes. The endophytic fungal OTU richness was significantly related with host phylogeny, geographic distance, soil and climate. The endophytic fungal community composition was significantly affected by host phylogeny (19.5% of variation explained in fungal community), geographic distance (11.2%), soil (6.1%), and climate (1.4%). This finding suggests that environmental filtering by plant and abiotic variables coupled with dispersal limitation linked to geographic distance determines endophytic fungal community assembly in ectomycorrhizae of Betulaceae plants, with host phylogeny being a stronger determinant than other predictor variables at the regional scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Niu-Niu Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin-Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng-Peng Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing-Chun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Qian
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pulak Maitra
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Busayo Joshua Babalola
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Geographical Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liang-Dong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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17
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Park KJ, Cha JM, Subedi L, Kim SY, Lee KR. Phenolic constituents from the twigs of Betula schmidtii collected in Goesan, Korea. Phytochemistry 2019; 167:112085. [PMID: 31437665 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Six undescribed phenolic derivatives along with thirty two known compounds were isolated from the twigs of Betula schmidtii. The chemical structures were characterized through extensive spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. All known compounds were first isolated in this plant. The anti-inflammatory effect of the isolates was tested by measuring nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated BV-2 cells. Isotachioside, 4-allyl-2-hydrophenyl 1-O-β-D-apiosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside, genistein 5-O-β-D-glucoside, and prunetinoside showed a slight potency to lower the NO production against LPS-activated microglia with IC50 values of 23.9, 25.3, 28.8, and 34.0 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Jin Park
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Min Cha
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Lalita Subedi
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon, 21936, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Gachon University, Incheon, 21936, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Ro Lee
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Lee S, Oh DG, Singh D, Lee HJ, Kim GR, Lee S, Lee JS, Lee CH. Untargeted Metabolomics Toward Systematic Characterization of Antioxidant Compounds in Betulaceae Family Plant Extracts. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9090186. [PMID: 31527409 PMCID: PMC6780370 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9090186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant species have traditionally been revered for their unparalleled pharmacognostic applications. We outline a non-iterative multi-parallel metabolomic-cum-bioassay-guided methodology toward the functional characterization of ethanol extracts from the Betulaceae family plants (n = 10). We performed mass spectrometry (MS)-based multivariate analyses and bioassay-guided (ABTS antioxidant activity and cytoprotective effects against H2O2-induced cell damage) analyses of SPE fractions. A clearly distinct metabolomic pattern coupled with significantly higher bioactivities was observed for 40% methanol SPE eluate. Further, the 40% SPE eluate was subjected to preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC) analysis, yielding 72 sub-fractions (1 min−1), with the highest antioxidant activities observed for the 15 min and 31 min sub-fractions. We simultaneously performed hyphenated-MS-based metabolite characterization of bioactive components for both the 40% methanol SPE fraction and its prep-HPLC sub-fraction (15 min and 31 min). Altogether, 19 candidate metabolites were mainly observed to contribute toward the observed bioactivities. In particular, ethyl gallate was mainly observed to affect the antioxidant activities of SPE and prep-HPLC fractions of Alnus firma extracts. We propose an integrated metabolomic-cum-bioassay-guided approach for the expeditious selection and characterization of discriminant metabolites with desired phenotypes or bioactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunmin Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Dong-Gu Oh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Digar Singh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- Department of Biological Resources Utilization, National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22755, Korea.
| | - Ga Ryun Kim
- Department of Biological Resources Utilization, National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22755, Korea.
| | - Sarah Lee
- Department of Biological Resources Utilization, National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22755, Korea.
| | - Jong Seok Lee
- Department of Biological Resources Utilization, National Institute of Biological Resources, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon 22755, Korea.
| | - Choong Hwan Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
- Research Institute for Bioactive-Metabolome Network, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
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19
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Smeriglio A, D'Angelo V, Denaro M, Trombetta D, Raimondo FM, Germanò MP. Polyphenol Characterization, Antioxidant and Skin Whitening Properties of Alnus cordata Stem Bark. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900314. [PMID: 31397975 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the phenolic composition of the crude extract (MeOH 80 %) of Alnus cordata (Loisel.) Duby stem bark (ACE) and its antioxidant and skin whitening properties. RP-LC-DAD analysis showed a high content of hydroxycinnamic acids (47.64 %), flavanones (26.74 %) and diarylheptanoids (17.69 %). Furthermore, ACE exhibited a dose-dependent antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activity, expressed as half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ): Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC, IC50 1.78 μg mL-1 )>Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC, IC50 3.47 μg mL-1 )>2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, IC50 5.83 μg mL-1 )>β-carotene bleaching (IC50 11.58 μg mL-1 )>Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP, IC50 17.28 μg mL-1 ). Moreover, ACE was able to inhibit in vitro tyrosinase activity (IC50 77.44 μg mL-1 ), l-DOPA auto-oxidation (IC50 39.58 μg mL-1 ) and in an in vivo model it exhibited bleaching effects on the pigmentation of zebrafish embryos (72 h post fertilization) without affecting their development and survival. In conclusion, results show that A. cordata stem bark may be considered a potential source of agents for the treatment of skin disorders due to its bleaching properties and favorable safety profiles, associated to a good antioxidant power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Smeriglio
- Foundation Prof. Antonio Imbesi, University of Messina, P.zza Pugliatti 1, 98122, Messina, Italy.,Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Valeria D'Angelo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Marcella Denaro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Trombetta
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Maria Raimondo
- Department STEBICEF/Section of Botany and Plant Ecology, University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 38, 90123, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Germanò
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Via Giovanni Palatucci, 98168, Messina, Italy
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20
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Yin M, Guo J, Zeng J. Complete chloroplast genome sequence of Betula alnoides ( Betulaceae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2019; 4:2409-2410. [PMID: 33365566 PMCID: PMC7687603 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1637790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Betula alnoides (Betulaceae) is a species widely distributed in north tropical and warm subtropical zones in South-East Asia and southern China. In this study, we described the complete chloroplast genome of B. alnoides based on Illumina paired-end sequencing. The chloroplast genome of B. alnoides is 160,990 bp long, including two inverted repeats (IRs, 26,022 bp), separated by a large single-copy region (LSC, 89,719 bp) and a small single-copy region (SSC, 19,227 bp). The genome contains 113 genes, including 79 protein-codon genes (PCGs), four rRNA genes, and 30 tRNA genes. The overall GC content of the chloroplast genome was 35.9%. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that B. alnoides of Sect. Betulaster (Spach) Regel was quite different from species of Sect. Betula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Yin
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Junjie Guo
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zeng
- Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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21
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Yang Z, Wang G, Ma Q, Ma W, Liang L, Zhao T. The complete chloroplast genomes of three Betulaceae species: implications for molecular phylogeny and historical biogeography. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6320. [PMID: 30701138 PMCID: PMC6348958 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous phylogenetic conclusions on the family Betulaceae were based on either morphological characters or traditional single loci, which may indicate some limitations. The chloroplast genome contains rich polymorphism information, which is very suitable for phylogenetic studies. Thus, we sequenced the chloroplast genome sequences of three Betulaceae species and performed multiple analyses to investigate the genome variation, resolve the phylogenetic relationships, and clarify the divergence history. Methods Chloroplast genomes were sequenced using the high-throughput sequencing. A comparative genomic analysis was conducted to examine the global genome variation and screen the hotspots. Three chloroplast partitions were used to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference approaches. Then, molecular dating and biogeographic inferences were conducted based on the whole chloroplast genome data. Results Betulaceae chloroplast genomes consisted of a small single-copy region and a large single copy region, and two copies of inverted repeat regions. Nine hotspots can be used as potential DNA barcodes for species delimitation. Phylogenies strongly supported the division of Betulaceae into two subfamilies: Coryloideae and Betuloideae. The phylogenetic position of Ostryopsis davidiana was controversial among different datasets. The divergence time between subfamily Coryloideae and Betuloideae was about 70.49 Mya, and all six extant genera were inferred to have diverged fully by the middle Oligocene. Betulaceae ancestors were probably originated from the ancient Laurasia. Discussions This research elucidates the potential of chloroplast genome sequences in the application of developing molecular markers, studying evolutionary relationships and historical dynamic of Betulaceae.It also reveals the advantages of using chloroplast genome data to illuminate those phylogenies that have not been well solved yet by traditional approaches in other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Guixi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Lisong Liang
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, China
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Panchen ZA, Johnston MO. Shifts in pollen release envelope differ between genera with non-uniform climate change. Am J Bot 2018; 105:1568-1576. [PMID: 30216409 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Plant phenological responses to climate change now constitute one of the best studied areas of the ecological impacts of climate change. Flowering time responses to climate change of wind-pollinated species have, however, been less well studied. A novel source of flowering time data for wind-pollinated species is allergen monitoring records. METHODS We studied the male flowering time response to climatic variables of two wind-pollinated genera, Betula (Betulaceae) and Populus (Salicaceae), using pollen count records over a 17-year period. KEY RESULTS We found that changes in the pollen release envelope differed between the two genera. Over the study period, the only month with a significant rise in temperature was April, resulting in the duration of pollen release of the April-flowering Populus to shorten and the start and peak of the May-flowering Betula to advance. The quantity of pollen released by Betula has increased and was related to increases in the previous year's August precipitation, while the quantity of pollen released by Populus has not changed and was related to the previous year's summer and autumn temperatures. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that taxa differ in the reproductive consequences of environmental change. Differing shifts in phenology among species may be related to different rates of change in climatic variables in different months of the year. While our study only considers two genera, the results underscore the importance of understanding non-uniform intra-annual variation in climate when studying the ecological implications of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe A Panchen
- Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St., P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
| | - Mark O Johnston
- Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St., P.O. Box 15000, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, B3H 4R2
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Park KJ, Subedi L, Kim SY, Choi SU, Lee KR. Bioactive triterpenoids from twigs of Betula schmidtii. Bioorg Chem 2018; 77:527-533. [PMID: 29454829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Investigation of the MeOH extract of Betula schmidtii twigs resulted in the isolation and identification of three new triterpenoids (1-3), along with ten known ones (4-13). The structures of new compounds (1-3) were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including 1D, 2D NMR (1H and 13C NMR, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY), HR-MS, and chemical methods. All the isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and HCT-15 cell lines. Compound 11 exhibited potent cytotoxic activities against four cell lines, and compounds 5 and 13 significantly induced nerve growth factor secretion in a C6 rat glioma cell line. Their anti-inflammatory effects were also assessed by measuring nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated BV-2 cells. Compounds 7 and 12 displayed potent inhibition of nitric oxide production, without significant cell toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Jin Park
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Lalita Subedi
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Un Choi
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Ro Lee
- Natural Products Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Igarashi Y, Aihara H, Handa Y, Katsumata H, Fujii M, Nakano K, Hirao T. Development and evaluation of microsatellite markers for the critically endangered birch Betula chichibuensis ( Betulaceae). Appl Plant Sci 2017; 5:apps1700016. [PMID: 28529833 PMCID: PMC5435406 DOI: 10.3732/apps.1700016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Microsatellite markers were developed and characterized for the critically endangered birch Betula chichibuensis (Betulaceae) to investigate the genetic structure of this species for conservation purposes. METHODS AND RESULTS Sixteen microsatellite markers with di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide repeat motifs were developed and optimized using MiSeq paired-end sequencing. Of these, 14 were polymorphic, with two to five alleles per locus, in 47 individuals from two newly discovered populations of B. chichibuensis in Japan. Observed and unbiased expected heterozygosities per locus ranged from 0.000 to 0.617 and from 0.000 to 0.629, respectively. These markers were tested for cross-species amplification in B. maximowicziana, B. platyphylla var. japonica, and B. schmidtii. CONCLUSIONS This set of microsatellite markers, the first developed for B. chichibuensis, will help elucidate spatial patterns of gene flow and levels of inbreeding in this species to aid its conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Igarashi
- The University of Tokyo Chichibu Forest, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-49 Hinoda-machi, Chichibu, Saitama 368-0034, Japan
| | - Hiroki Aihara
- FASMAC Co. Ltd., 5-1-3 Midorigaoka, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0041, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Handa
- FASMAC Co. Ltd., 5-1-3 Midorigaoka, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0041, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katsumata
- FASMAC Co. Ltd., 5-1-3 Midorigaoka, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0041, Japan
| | - Masanori Fujii
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, 1-7 Ienomae, Obuchi, Rokkasho, Kamikita, Aomori 039-3212, Japan
| | - Koichiro Nakano
- FASMAC Co. Ltd., 5-1-3 Midorigaoka, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0041, Japan
| | - Toshihide Hirao
- The University of Tokyo Chichibu Forest, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-49 Hinoda-machi, Chichibu, Saitama 368-0034, Japan
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Eom HJ, Kang HR, Choi SU, Kim KH. Cytotoxic Triterpenoids from the Barks of Betula platyphylla var. japonica. Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [PMID: 28052515 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation on the barks of Betula platyphylla var. japonica (Betulaceae) was carried out, resulting in the isolation and identification of three new triterpenoids, 27-O-cis-caffeoylcylicodiscic acid (1), 27-O-cis-feruloylcylicodiscic acid (2), and 27-O-cis-caffeoylmyricerol (3), along with six known triterpenoids, obtusilinin (4), winchic acid (5), 27-O-trans-caffeoylcylicodiscic acid (6), uncarinic acid E (7), myriceric acid B (8), and 3-O-trans-caffeoyloleanolic acid (9). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, including 1D- and 2D-NMR, and HR-ESI-MS. All of the isolated compounds were evaluated for cytotoxicity against four human tumor cell lines (A549, SK-OV-3, SK-MEL-2, and Bt549). Compounds 2, 6, 8, and 9 exhibited potent cytotoxicity against all of the tumor cells tested (IC50 < 10.0 μm), while compounds 3, 4, 5, and 7 showed moderate cytotoxicity against all of the tumor cells tested (IC50 < 20.0 μm).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Jeong Eom
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Korea
| | - Hee Rae Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Korea
| | - Sang Un Choi
- Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Deajeon, 305-600, Korea
| | - Ki Hyun Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Korea
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Altınyay Ç, Süntar I, Altun L, Keleş H, Küpeli Akkol E. Phytochemical and biological studies on Alnus glutinosa subsp. glutinosa, A. orientalis var. orientalis and A. orientalis var. pubescens leaves. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 192:148-160. [PMID: 27381042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Alnus species have been used for the treatment of rheumatism, hemorrhoids and for wound healing in folk medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous and methanol extracts of A. glutinosa (L.) Gaertner subsp. glutinosa, A. orientalis Decne. var. orientalis and A. orientalis var. pubescens Dippel leaves were evaluated for their wound healing, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. In vivo wound models of linear incision and circular excision were performed. "Inhibition of acetic acid-induced capillary permeability", "carrageenan-induced hind paw edema" and T"PA-induced ear edema" assays were applied to determine the anti-inflammatory effects. For the antioxidant activity assessment, DPPH and ABTS radicals scavenging effect, reducing power and denaturation of nonspecific hydroxyl radical-targeted 2-deoxyribose were used. In vitro inhibitory effects on enzymes hyaluronidase, collagenase and elastase were evaluated. The methanol extract of the leaves of A. glutinosa subsp. glutinosa (MB), the most potent extract, was fractionated by bioassay-guided fractionation technique. The structure of the isolated compound was determined as shikimic acid by using NMR and IR analyses. RESULTS MB increased the wound tension by 42.79% value and provided a contraction by 51.58%. Wound tension, contraction capacity and tissue hydroxyproline levels were increased with the application of the fraction EtOAc: MeOH (Fr. D), subfraction D27-38 and shikimic acid. In the "inhibition of acetic acid-induced capillary permeability" assay, MB, Fr. D, subfraction D27-38 and shikimic acid inhibited the permeability with significant inhibition values of 30.22%, 32.46%, 38.24% and 27.19%, respectively. In carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model, MB displayed 29.1% inhibition. Likewise, Fr. D, subfraction D27-38, and shikimic acid were found to exhibit remarkable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Shikimic acid exhibited significant inhibitory effect (38.24%) on the hyaluronidase enzyme. CONCLUSIONS This is the first and unique study that investigates wound healing, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of some Alnus taxons growing in Turkey. According to the results, shikimic acid was found to be the major compound responsible from the activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çiğdem Altınyay
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey; Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency, 06520 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ipek Süntar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Levent Altun
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hikmet Keleş
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, 03200 Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
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Masullo M, Mari A, Cerulli A, Bottone A, Kontek B, Olas B, Pizza C, Piacente S. Quali-quantitative analysis of the phenolic fraction of the flowers of Corylus avellana, source of the Italian PGI product "Nocciola di Giffoni": Isolation of antioxidant diarylheptanoids. Phytochemistry 2016; 130:273-281. [PMID: 27372151 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
There is only limited information available on the chemical composition of the non-edible parts of Corylus avellana, source of the Italian PGI product "Nocciola di Giffoni" (hazelnut). An initial LC-MS profile of the methanolic extract of the male flowers of C. avellana, cultivar 'Tonda di Giffoni' led to the isolation of 12 compounds, of which the structures were elucidated by NMR spectroscopy. These were identified as three previously undescribed diarylheptanoids, named giffonins Q-S, along with nine known compounds. Furthermore, the quantitative determination of the main compounds occurring in the methanolic extract of C. avellana flowers was carried out by an analytical approach based on LC-ESI(QqQ)MS, using the Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) experiment. In order to explore the antioxidant ability of C. avellana flowers, the methanolic extract and the isolated compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on human plasma lipid peroxidation induced by H2O2 and H2O2/Fe(2+), by measuring the concentration of TBARS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Masullo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Angela Mari
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Antonietta Cerulli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; PhD Program in Drug Discovery and Development, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Alfredo Bottone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Bogdan Kontek
- Department of General Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/3, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Olas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/3, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Cosimo Pizza
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II n. 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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Nowosad J. Spatiotemporal models for predicting high pollen concentration level of Corylus, Alnus, and Betula. Int J Biometeorol 2016; 60:843-55. [PMID: 26487352 PMCID: PMC4879172 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-015-1077-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Corylus, Alnus, and Betula trees are among the most important sources of allergic pollen in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere and have a large impact on the quality of life and productivity of allergy sufferers. Therefore, it is important to predict high pollen concentrations, both in time and space. The aim of this study was to create and evaluate spatiotemporal models for predicting high Corylus, Alnus, and Betula pollen concentration levels, based on gridded meteorological data. Aerobiological monitoring was carried out in 11 cities in Poland and gathered, depending on the site, between 2 and 16 years of measurements. According to the first allergy symptoms during exposure, a high pollen count level was established for each taxon. An optimizing probability threshold technique was used for mitigation of the problem of imbalance in the pollen concentration levels. For each taxon, the model was built using a random forest method. The study revealed the possibility of moderately reliable prediction of Corylus and highly reliable prediction of Alnus and Betula high pollen concentration levels, using preprocessed gridded meteorological data. Cumulative growing degree days and potential evaporation proved to be two of the most important predictor variables in the models. The final models predicted not only for single locations but also for continuous areas. Furthermore, the proposed modeling framework could be used to predict high pollen concentrations of Corylus, Alnus, Betula, and other taxa, and in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Nowosad
- Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation, Adam Mickiewicz University, Dzięgielowa 27, 61-680, Poznań, Poland.
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Nowosad J, Stach A, Kasprzyk I, Weryszko-Chmielewska E, Piotrowska-Weryszko K, Puc M, Grewling Ł, Pędziszewska A, Uruska A, Myszkowska D, Chłopek K, Majkowska-Wojciechowska B. Forecasting model of Corylus, Alnus, and Betula pollen concentration levels using spatiotemporal correlation properties of pollen count. Aerobiologia (Bologna) 2016; 32:453-468. [PMID: 27616811 PMCID: PMC4996891 DOI: 10.1007/s10453-015-9418-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 12/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to create and evaluate models for predicting high levels of daily pollen concentration of Corylus, Alnus, and Betula using a spatiotemporal correlation of pollen count. For each taxon, a high pollen count level was established according to the first allergy symptoms during exposure. The dataset was divided into a training set and a test set, using a stratified random split. For each taxon and city, the model was built using a random forest method. Corylus models performed poorly. However, the study revealed the possibility of predicting with substantial accuracy the occurrence of days with high pollen concentrations of Alnus and Betula using past pollen count data from monitoring sites. These results can be used for building (1) simpler models, which require data only from aerobiological monitoring sites, and (2) combined meteorological and aerobiological models for predicting high levels of pollen concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Nowosad
- Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation, Adam Mickiewicz University, Dzięgielowa 27, 61-680 Poznań, Poland
| | - Alfred Stach
- Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation, Adam Mickiewicz University, Dzięgielowa 27, 61-680 Poznań, Poland
| | - Idalia Kasprzyk
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rzeszów, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
| | | | | | - Małgorzata Puc
- Department of Botany and Nature Conservation, University of Szczecin, Felczaka 3c, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Grewling
- Laboratory of Aeropalynology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Pędziszewska
- Department of Plant Ecology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Uruska
- Department of Plant Ecology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dorota Myszkowska
- Department of Clinical and Environmental Allergology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Śniadeckich 10, 31-531 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kazimiera Chłopek
- Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Barbara Majkowska-Wojciechowska
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Pomorska 251, 92-215 Łódź, Poland
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Prinz K, Finkeldey R. Characterization and transferability of microsatellite markers developed for Carpinus betulus ( Betulaceae)(1). Appl Plant Sci 2015; 3:apps1500053. [PMID: 26504678 PMCID: PMC4610309 DOI: 10.3732/apps.1500053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Carpinus betulus (Betulaceae) is an octoploid, ecologically important, common tree species in European woodlands. We established 11 nuclear microsatellite loci allowing for detailed analyses of genetic diversity and structure. METHODS AND RESULTS A microsatellite-enriched library was used to develop primers for 11 microsatellite loci that revealed high allele numbers and genetic diversity in a preliminary study. CONCLUSIONS All of the loci developed here are informative for C. betulus. In addition, the loci are transferable to several species within the genus, and almost all loci cross-amplified in species of different genera of the Betulaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Prinz
- Institute for Systematic Botany with Herbarium Haussknecht and Botanical Garden, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Jena, Germany
- Section Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Reiner Finkeldey
- Section Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Sung SH, Lee M. Anti-adipogenic activity of a new cyclic diarylheptanoid isolated from Alnus japonica on 3T3-L1 cells via modulation of PPARγ, C/EBPα and SREBP1c signaling. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:4648-51. [PMID: 26341132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Total methanolic extract of Alnus japonica fruits exhibited significant anti-adipogenic activities in 3T3-L1 cells. A new cyclic diarylheptanoid (1) along with ten known compounds (2-11) were isolated by activity-guided fractionation. Compound 1, determined to be 4-hydroxy-alnus-3,5-dione, showed the most potent anti-adipogenic effect. Compound 1 significantly down-regulated expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1c) in 3T3-L1 cells, as determined by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis. Furthermore, compound 1 suppressed mRNA expression of C/EBPβ and C/EBPδ during the early stage of adipogenesis as well as stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD-1) and fatty acid synthase (FAS), target genes of SREBP1c. Upon investigating the mechanism of natural products, we propose that cyclic diarylheptanoid (1), the most potent constituent of A. japonica, can be a potent therapeutic agent against obesity through anti-adipogenesis via down-regulation of PPARγ, C/EBPα, and SREBP1c signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyun Sung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mina Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Suncheon-si, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
The name Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC., based on Betula viridis Chaix (1785), has traditionally been attributed to green alders although it is based on a later basionym. Alnus alnobetula (Ehrh.) K. Koch based on Betula alnobetula Ehrh. (1783) is the correct name for green alders. In light of the increasing use and recognition of the name Alnus alnobetula (Ehrh.) K. Koch in the literature. I herein propose new nomenclatural combinations to account for the Japanese and Chinese subspecies respectively: Alnus alnobetula subsp. maximowiczii (Callier ex C.K. Schneid.) J. Chery and Alnus alnobetula subsp. mandschurica (Callier ex C.K. Schneid.) J. Chery. Recent phylogenetic analyses place these two taxa in the green alder species complex, suggesting that they should be treated as infraspecific taxa under the polymorphic Alnus alnobetula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Chery
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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Nowosad J, Stach A, Kasprzyk I, Grewling Ł, Latałowa M, Puc M, Myszkowska D, Weryszko- Chmielewska E, Piotrowska-Weryszko K, Chłopek K, Majkowska-Wojciechowska B, Uruska A. Temporal and spatiotemporal autocorrelation of daily concentrations of Alnus, Betula, and Corylus pollen in Poland. Aerobiologia (Bologna) 2015; 31:159-177. [PMID: 26346759 PMCID: PMC4555345 DOI: 10.1007/s10453-014-9354-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the characteristics of temporal and space-time autocorrelation of pollen counts of Alnus, Betula, and Corylus in the air of eight cities in Poland. Daily average pollen concentrations were monitored over 8 years (2001-2005 and 2009-2011) using Hirst-designed volumetric spore traps. The spatial and temporal coherence of data was investigated using the autocorrelation and cross-correlation functions. The calculation and mathematical modelling of 61 correlograms were performed for up to 25 days back. The study revealed an association between temporal variations in Alnus, Betula, and Corylus pollen counts in Poland and three main groups of factors such as: (1) air mass exchange after the passage of a single weather front (30-40 % of pollen count variation); (2) long-lasting factors (50-60 %); and (3) random factors, including diurnal variations and measurements errors (10 %). These results can help to improve the quality of forecasting models.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Nowosad
- Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation, Adam Mickiewicz University, Dzięgielowa 27, 61-680 Poznań, Poland
| | - A. Stach
- Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation, Adam Mickiewicz University, Dzięgielowa 27, 61-680 Poznań, Poland
| | - I. Kasprzyk
- Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rzeszów, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Ł. Grewling
- Laboratory of Aeropalynology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - M. Latałowa
- Department of Plant Ecology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - M. Puc
- Department of Botany and Nature Conservation, University of Szczecin, Felczaka 3c, 71-412 Szczecin, Poland
| | - D. Myszkowska
- Department of Clinical and Environmental Allergology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Śniadeckich 10, 31-531 Kraków, Poland
| | - E. Weryszko- Chmielewska
- Department of Botany, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - K. Piotrowska-Weryszko
- Department of General Ecology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - K. Chłopek
- Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - B. Majkowska-Wojciechowska
- Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Pomorska 251, 92-215 Łódź, Poland
| | - A. Uruska
- Department of Plant Ecology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
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Liu X, Manchester SR, Jin J. Alnus subgenus Alnus in the Eocene of western North America based on leaves, associated catkins, pollen, and fruits. Am J Bot 2014; 101:1925-1943. [PMID: 25366858 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1400228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY The fossil record of alder (Alnus) is well known in the Cenozoic deposits throughout the northern hemisphere, based on numerous reports of the distinctive pollen, cone-like infructescences, staminate inflorescences, and leaves. However, our understanding of the systematic position of these fossils relative to the modern phylogeny of the genus has been limited because most fossils were described from only one organ. METHODS We examined well-preserved leaves and associated fruiting and staminate catkins from the middle Eocene, Clarno Formation, Oregon, USA by stereomicroscopy. In situ and dispersed pollen were cleaned with HF and acetolized for light and scanning electron microscopy. KEY RESULTS We reconstructed a new extinct species based on multiple organs and discuss significant phytogeographic and phylogenetic implications for Alnus. Alnus clarnoensis sp. nov. is described based on serrate leaves with 1-4 small teeth between each primary tooth, associated cone-like fruiting catkins with fruits in situ, and associated slender pollen catkins bearing in situ 3- to 6-pored pollen with arci between the pores. Combined investigations of each organ indicate that they probably derive from the same species and can be confidently attributed to subgenus Alnus Furlow based on leaf architecture and pollen pore number frequency. CONCLUSIONS The Clarno fossils are most similar to the extant North American species of subgenus Alnus rather than to those from Asia and Europe, indicating that this modern subgenus was already distinct by the middle Eocene and that the intercontinental migration likely occurred earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7800 USA
| | - Steven R Manchester
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7800 USA
| | - Jianhua Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Smith M, Jäger S, Berger U, Šikoparija B, Hallsdottir M, Sauliene I, Bergmann KC, Pashley CH, de Weger L, Majkowska-Wojciechowska B, Rybníček O, Thibaudon M, Gehrig R, Bonini M, Yankova R, Damialis A, Vokou D, Gutiérrez Bustillo AM, Hoffmann-Sommergruber K, van Ree R. Geographic and temporal variations in pollen exposure across Europe. Allergy 2014; 69:913-23. [PMID: 24816084 DOI: 10.1111/all.12419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EC-funded EuroPrevall project examined the prevalence of food allergy across Europe. A well-established factor in the occurrence of food allergy is primary sensitization to pollen. OBJECTIVE To analyse geographic and temporal variations in pollen exposure, allowing the investigation of how these variations influence the prevalence and incidence of food allergies across Europe. METHODS Airborne pollen data for two decades (1990-2009) were obtained from 13 monitoring sites located as close as possible to the EuroPrevall survey centres. Start dates, intensity and duration of Betulaceae, Oleaceae, Poaceae and Asteraceae pollen seasons were examined. Mean, slope of the regression, probability level (P) and dominant taxa (%) were calculated. Trends were considered significant at P < 0.05. RESULTS On a European scale, Betulaceae, in particular Betula, is the most dominant pollen exposure, two folds higher than to Poaceae, and greater than five folds higher than to Oleaceae and Asteraceae. Only in Reykjavik, Madrid and Derby was Poaceae the dominant pollen, as was Oleaceae in Thessaloniki. Weed pollen (Asteraceae) was never dominant, exposure accounted for >10% of total pollen exposure only in Siauliai (Artemisia) and Legnano (Ambrosia). Consistent trends towards changing intensity or duration of exposure were not observed, possibly with the exception of (not significant) decreased exposure to Artemisia and increased exposure to Ambrosia. CONCLUSIONS This is the first comprehensive study quantifying exposure to the major allergenic pollen families Betulaceae, Oleaceae, Poaceae and Asteraceae across Europe. These data can now be used for studies into patterns of sensitization and allergy to pollen and foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Smith
- University Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - S. Jäger
- University Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - U. Berger
- University Department of Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases; Medical University of Vienna; Vienna Austria
| | - B. Šikoparija
- Laboratory for Palynology; Department of Biology and Ecology; Faculty of Sciences; University of Novi Sad; Novi Sad Serbia
| | - M. Hallsdottir
- Icelandic Institute of Natural History; Reykjavik Iceland
| | | | - K-C. Bergmann
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - C. H. Pashley
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation; Institute for Lung Health; University of Leicester; Leicester UK
| | - L. de Weger
- Department of Pulmonology; Leiden University Medical Center; Leiden the Netherlands
| | | | - O. Rybníček
- Faculty of Medicine; Masaryk University; Brno Czech Republic
| | - M. Thibaudon
- Réseau National de Surveillance Aérobiologique (R.N.S.A.); Brussieu France
| | - R. Gehrig
- Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology Meteo Swiss; Zürich Switzerland
| | | | - R. Yankova
- Clinical Center of Allergology; University Hospital Sofia; Sofia Bulgaria
| | - A. Damialis
- University of Ioannina; Ioannina Greece
- Department of Ecology; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - D. Vokou
- Department of Ecology; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki; Thessaloniki Greece
| | - A. M. Gutiérrez Bustillo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal II; Facultad de Farmacia; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | | | - R. van Ree
- Departments of Experimental Immunology and Otorhinolaryngology; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
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Liu BB, Tian B, Ma H, Lu ZQ, Qiu Q, Mao KS, Liu JQ. Development and characterization of EST-SSR markers in Ostryopsis ( Betulaceae). Appl Plant Sci 2014; 2:apps1300062. [PMID: 25202600 PMCID: PMC4103604 DOI: 10.3732/apps.1300062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY A set of expressed sequence tag (EST) microsatellite markers were developed and characterized using next-generation sequencing technology for the Chinese genus Ostryopsis (Betulaceae). • METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 38 high-quality simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers were identified, of which 15 could be successfully amplified. Subsequently, we selected 80 individuals to represent the three species of the genus to evaluate the efficacy of these markers for examining genetic diversity of each species in the future. We found that the number of alleles per locus ranged from one to nine, with an average of 3.8. The expected heterozygosity and observed heterozygosity per locus varied from 0 to 0.829 and from 0 to 1, respectively, with their respective mean values as 0.483 and 0.416. • CONCLUSIONS These EST-SSR markers will be useful for evaluating the range-wide genetic diversity of each species and examining genetic divergence and gene flow between the three species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation in Southwest China, State Forestry Administration, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kang-Shan Mao
- Key Laboratory for Bio-resources and Eco-environment, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Quan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People’s Republic of China
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Mejía L, Castlebury L, Rossman A, Sogonov M, White J. A systematic account of the genus Plagiostoma (Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales) based on morphology, host-associations, and a four-gene phylogeny. Stud Mycol 2011; 68:211-35. [PMID: 21523196 PMCID: PMC3065992 DOI: 10.3114/sim.2011.68.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Plagiostoma inhabit leaves, stems, twigs, and branches of woody and herbaceous plants predominantly in the temperate Northern Hemisphere. An account of all known species of Plagiostoma including Cryptodiaporthe is presented based on analyses of morphological, cultural, and DNA sequence data. Multigene phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from four genes (β-tubulin, ITS, rpb2, and tef1-α) revealed eight previously undescribed phylogenetic species and an association between a clade composed of 11 species of Plagiostoma and the host family Salicaceae. In this paper these eight new species of Plagiostoma are described, four species are redescribed, and four new combinations are proposed. A key to the 25 accepted species of Plagiostoma based on host, shape, and size of perithecia, perithecial arrangement in the host, and microscopic characteristics of the asci and ascospores is provided. Disposition of additional names in Cryptodiaporthe and Plagiostoma is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.C. Mejía
- Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Rm. 304,
B010A, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New
Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Apartado 0843-03092 Balboa, Ancon,
Republic of Panama
| | - L.A. Castlebury
- Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Rm. 304,
B010A, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - A.Y. Rossman
- Systematic Mycology & Microbiology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Rm. 304,
B010A, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - M.V. Sogonov
- EMSL Analytical, Inc., 10768 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705,
USA
| | - J.F. White
- Department of Plant Biology and Pathology, Rutgers University, New
Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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