1
|
Fei X, Li J, Wang S, Wang J, Guo C, Qisha R, Gao Y, Hu Y. The efficacy and safety of sodium nitroprusside in the treatment of schizophrenia: a meta-analysis. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1271624. [PMID: 38025431 PMCID: PMC10657871 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1271624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Schizophrenia is a serious mental disease that brings not only serious burdens to patients and their families but also serious challenges to society. More research is needed to find better drugs to treat schizophrenia. This meta-analysis investigated the efficacy and safety of sodium nitroprusside in the treatment of schizophrenia. Methods Randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy and safety of sodium nitroprusside in the treatment of schizophrenia were searched via English and Chinese databases. The outcomes, including the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), were recorded. RevMan 5.3 was used for the meta-analysis. Results A total of six randomized controlled trials (174 patients) were included. The overall quality of the included studies was good. No statistically significant benefit of sodium nitroprusside over placebo was found when combined PANSS total and BPRS-18 (95% CI: -1.40, 0.02). Except for PANSS positive (95% CI: -1.86, -0.01), there was no significant difference in the scale score after sodium nitroprusside treatment compared with the control group in PANSS total (95% CI: -4.93, 0.23), PANSS general (95% CI: -2.53, 1.33), and PANSS negative (95% CI: -4.44, 0.89). The results of the sensitivity analysis excluding the study with clinical heterogeneity showed that sodium nitroprusside had no statistical benefit for the score of PANSS positive (95% CI: -2.19, 0.46). Moreover, there was also no significant difference in the BPRS-18 (95% CI: -3.23, -0.43). Conclusion We conservatively believe that sodium nitroprusside does not alleviate the symptoms of schizophrenia compared with placebo. The subjects tolerated sodium nitroprusside well. Our findings provide a new idea for researchers to explore and solve the drug treatment of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Fei
- Department of Psychiatry, Chengdu Eighth People's Hospital (Geriatric Hospital of Chengdu Medical College), Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiyang Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Sichuan Tianfu New Area People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianxiong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Changmei Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Rizhi Qisha
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaqian Gao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hayashi R, Kuroda K, Inadomi H. Jumping to conclusions correlates with negative symptoms, poor response inhibition, and impaired functioning in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. Asian J Psychiatr 2022; 71:103068. [PMID: 35311670 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The jumping to conclusions (JTC) bias is the tendency to make immediate decisions based on little information. There are few studies that have investigated the relationship between JTC and frontal lobe function. We examined the association between JTC and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale in individuals with schizophrenia. METHODS In total, 50 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and 50 healthy control individuals were administered the beads task. Individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia were assessed using the FAB, BPRS, and GAF. RESULTS There was a significant negative correlation between JTC and the negative symptoms of the BPRS (rs=-.368, p = .008). There was a significant positive correlation between JTC and the Go/No-Go task of the FAB (rs=.319, p = .026), and the GAF (rs=.433, p = .002). CONCLUSION JTC in individuals with schizophrenia may be categorized according to several causes, including negative symptoms and poor response inhibition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hayashi
- Hannan Hospital, 277 Handaminamino-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, Japan; Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Comprehensive Rehabilitation, 3-7-30, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Kuroda
- Hannan Hospital, 277 Handaminamino-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Inadomi
- Department of Advanced Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Choi J, Yoon HJ, Park JH, Nakagami Y, Kubota C, Inada T, Kato TA, Yang SY, Lin SK, Chong MY, Avasthi A, Grover S, Kallivayalil RA, Tanra AJ, Chee KY, Xiang YT, Sim K, Javed A, Tan CH, Sartorius N, Kanba S, Shinfuku N, Park YC, Park SC. Network Analysis-Based Disentanglement of the Symptom Heterogeneity in Asian Patients with Schizophrenia: Findings from the Research on Asian Psychotropic Prescription Patterns for Antipsychotics. J Pers Med 2022; 12:33. [PMID: 35055348 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The symptom heterogeneity of schizophrenia is consistent with Wittgenstein's analogy of a language game. From the perspective of precision medicine, this study aimed to estimate the symptom presentation and identify the psychonectome in Asian patients, using data obtained from the Research on Asian Psychotropic Prescription Patterns for Antipsychotics. We constructed a network structure of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) items in 1438 Asian patients with schizophrenia. Furthermore, all the BPRS items were considered to be an ordered categorical variable ranging in value from 1-7. Motor retardation was situated most centrally within the BPRS network structure, followed by depressive mood and unusual thought content. Contrastingly, hallucinatory behavior was situated least centrally within the network structure. Using a community detection algorithm, the BPRS items were organized into positive, negative, and general symptom clusters. Overall, DSM symptoms were not more central than non-DSM symptoms within the symptom network of Asian patients with schizophrenia. Thus, motor retardation, which results from the unmet needs associated with current antipsychotic medications for schizophrenia, may be a tailored treatment target for Asian patients with schizophrenia. Based on these findings, targeting non-dopamine systems (glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid) may represent an effective strategy with respect to precision medicine for psychosis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Kawai H, Takaki M, Sakamoto S, Shibata T, Tsuchida A, Yoshimura B, Yada Y, Matsumoto N, Sato K, Abe K, Okahisa Y, Kishi Y, Takao S, Tsutsui K, Kanbayashi T, Tanaka K, Yamada N. Anti-NMDA-receptor antibody in initial diagnosis of mood disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2019; 29:1041-1050. [PMID: 31358437 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.07.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Anti-NMDAR encephalitis is increasingly recognized as one etiology of psychiatric symptoms, but there is not enough evidence on patients with mood disorder. We assayed anti-NR1/NR2B IgG antibodies in serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid of 62 patients initially diagnosed with mood disorder by a cell-based assay. We also investigated the specific patient characteristics and psychotic symptoms. At first admission, the patients showed only psychiatric symptoms without typical neurological signs or abnormal examination findings. Four of the 62 patients had anti-NR1/NR2B IgG antibodies. The anti-NR1/NR2B IgG antibody-positive patients showed more super- or abnormal sensitivity (P = 0.00088), catatonia (P = 0.049), and more conceptual disorganization (P < 0.0001), hostility (P = 0.0010), suspiciousness (P < 0.0001), and less emotional withdrawal (P < 0.0001) and motor retardation (P < 0.0001) on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale than the antibody-negative patients. During the clinical course, anti-NR1/NR2B IgG antibody-positive patients showed more catatonia (P = 0.0042) and met Graus's criteria for diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis, but negative patients did not. Immunotherapy was effective for anti-NR1/NR2B IgG antibody-positive patients, and there was the weak relationship (R² = 0.318) between the anti-NR1/NR2B IgG antibody titer in the cerebrospinal fluid and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale score.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kawai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Manabu Takaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Shinji Sakamoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takashi Shibata
- Department of Child Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
| | - Ayaka Tsuchida
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Bunta Yoshimura
- Department of Psychiatry, Okayama Psychiatric Medical Center, Japan
| | - Yuji Yada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Okayama Psychiatric Medical Center, Japan
| | - Namiko Matsumoto
- Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
| | - Kota Sato
- Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
| | - Koji Abe
- Department of Neurology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
| | - Yuko Okahisa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kishi
- Department of Psychiatry, Okayama Psychiatric Medical Center, Japan
| | - Soshi Takao
- Department of Epidemiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
| | - Ko Tsutsui
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanbayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Keiko Tanaka
- Brain Research Institute, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Norihito Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lewis AS, Olincy A, Buchanan RW, Kem WR, Picciotto MR, Freedman R. Effects of a nicotinic agonist on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale five-factor subscale model in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 195:568-569. [PMID: 29050790 PMCID: PMC6476180 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan S. Lewis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ann Olincy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Robert W. Buchanan
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William R. Kem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florida School of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Marina R. Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert Freedman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Eguchi R, Onozuka D, Ikeda K, Kuroda K, Ieiri I, Hagihara A. Psychological assessment of acute schizophrenia patients who experienced seclusion either alone or in combination with restraint. Int J Psychiatry Med 2018; 53:171-188. [PMID: 29280688 DOI: 10.1177/0091217417749788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Numerous studies on the effects of seclusion and/or restraint in acute psychiatric treatment have reported both positive and negative effects. However, no studies to date have evaluated the effects of seclusion and/or restraint on schizophrenia patients using a rating scale. Thus, to examine the effects of seclusion and/or restraint on schizophrenia patients, we used the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and assessed the psychological condition of patients. Methods Factor analysis was conducted to create subscales of Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and psychiatric changes were assessed with respect to each subscale using multiple logistic regression analyses. Analyses were performed on three groups (i.e. entire, higher functioning, and lower functioning groups) involving a total of 1559 schizophrenia patients aged 18 to 65 years. Results In the entire and lower functioning groups, seclusion was a significant predictor of improvements related to the "hostility/suspiciousness" subscale. Seclusion combined with restraint was associated with improvements related to the "psychosis/thinking disorder" subscale. In the higher functioning group, there were no significant predictors. Conclusions It is implied that seclusion and/or restraint is related to improved psychiatric symptoms only among patients whose functioning is impaired. To verify the present findings, further studies involving multiple sites and additional psychiatric measures are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rika Eguchi
- 1 Department of Health Services Management and Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,2 Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Onozuka
- 1 Department of Health Services Management and Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | - Ichiro Ieiri
- 2 Department of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akihito Hagihara
- 1 Department of Health Services Management and Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schubmehl S, Barkin SH, Cort D. The role of executive functions and psychiatric symptom severity in the Allen Cognitive Levels. Psychiatry Res 2018; 259:169-75. [PMID: 29053987 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between Allen Cognitive Level (ACL) and psychiatric symptom severity, level of nursing support required to complete activities of daily living (ADLs), and post-hospitalization discharge disposition in a sample of 193 acute psychiatric inpatients. A subsample of 31 participants with acute psychotic disorders were administered three measures of executive functioning in order to examine the convergent validity between ACL and basic sequencing and shifting, phonemic fluency, and visuospatial construction. Findings indicated significant moderate positive correlations between ACL and motor processing speed, basic sequencing and shifting, and phonemic fluency, and a nonsignificant relationship with visuospatial construction. A subsample of 166 participants were administered the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale-Expanded (BPRS-E) to assess psychiatric symptom severity. Results indicated a significant weak negative correlation between ACL and total psychiatric symptomatology, as well as significant weak negative correlations with specific symptoms. In contrast with prior research, there was no significant correlation between ACL and level of nursing assistance required to complete ADLs. A logistic regression did not identify ACL as a contributing factor to post-hospitalization discharge disposition. These findings call into question the clinical utility of the ACLS-5 as an assessment of functional cognition for those experiencing acute psychiatric illness.
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim GH, Lee HD, Kim M, Kim K, Jeong Y, Hong YJ, Kang ES, Han JH, Choi JW, Park SM. Fate of dyspeptic or colonic symptoms after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014; 20:253-60. [PMID: 24840378 PMCID: PMC4015198 DOI: 10.5056/jnm.2014.20.2.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Gallbladder diseases can give rise to dyspeptic or colonic symptoms in addition to biliary pain. Although most biliary pain shows improvement after cholecystectomy, the fates of dyspeptic or colonic symptoms still remain controversial. This study as-sessed whether nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms improved after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and identified the char-acteristics of patients who experienced continuing or exacerbated symptoms following surgery. METHODS Sixty-five patients who underwent LC for uncomplicated gallbladder stones or gallbladder polyps were enrolled. The patients were surveyed on their dyspeptic or colonic symptoms before surgery and again at 3 and 6 months after surgery. Patients' mental sanity was also assessed using a psychological symptom score with the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised questionnaire. RESULTS Forty-four (67.7%) patients showed one or more dyspeptic or colonic symptoms before surgery. Among these, 31 (47.7%) and 36 (55.4%) patients showed improvement at 3 and 6 months after surgery, respectively. However, 18.5% of patients showed continuing or exacerbated symptoms at 6 months after surgery. These patients did not differ with respect to gallstone or gall-bladder polyps, but differed in frequency of gastritis. These patients reported lower postoperative satisfaction. Patients with ab-dominal symptoms showed higher psychological symptom scores than others. However, poor mental sanity was not related to the symptom exacerbation. CONCLUSIONS Elective LC improves dyspeptic or colonic symptoms. Approximately 19% of patients reported continuing or exacerbated symp-toms following LC. Detailed history-taking regarding gastritis before surgery can be helpful in predicting patients' outcome after LC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gi Hyun Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
| | - Hyo Deok Lee
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
| | - Min Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
| | - Kyeongmin Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
| | - Yusook Jeong
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
| | - Yong Joo Hong
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
| | - Eun Seok Kang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
| | - Joung-Ho Han
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
| | - Jae-Woon Choi
- Departments of Surgery, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
| | - Seon Mee Park
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee E, Rosner R, Harmon R. Mental illness and legal fitness (competence) to stand trial in New York State: expert opinion and criminal defendants' psychiatric symptoms. J Forensic Sci 2014; 59:1008-15. [PMID: 24820936 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.12429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fitness to Stand Trial is a critical concept in the adjudication of justice-involved persons. A retrospective study was conducted to examine criminal defendants' specific psychiatric symptoms and those symptoms' associations with expert opinions on Competence to Stand Trial. One hundred charts were reviewed: 50 Cases (opined as Not Fit) were compared against 50 Controls (opined as Fit) with respect to ratings on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). A significance level of 0.001 was selected a priori. Statistically significant differences were found in seven of the eighteen BPRS symptom constructs (with the highest differences in Conceptual Disorganization and Unusual Thought Content) and two of the four BPRS higher-order syndrome factors (Thinking Disorder and Hostile-Suspiciousness). Consistent with previous reports, psychotic symptoms are found in this study to be inversely associated with Fitness. Validity, reliability, and limitations of this study, as well as directions for future research, are discussed herein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Lee
- University of Arkansas School of Law & University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 118 West Spring Street, Fayetteville, AR, 72701
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ayesa-Arriola R, Rodriguez-Sanchez JM, Gomez-Ruiz E, Roiz-Santiáñez R, Reeves LL, Crespo-Facorro B. No sex differences in neuropsychological performance in first episode psychosis patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 48:149-54. [PMID: 24075821 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to verify whether male patients with psychosis have greater neurocognitive impairment than female patients at illness onset. METHOD Participants with a first episode of psychosis (74 women/86 men) and healthy controls (62 women/97 men) were assessed with an extensive neuropsychological test battery. RESULTS Women in the clinical group were older at illness onset and had achieved higher formal education than men. This trend was the same for the control group. The patient group presented with lower premorbid IQ compared to healthy controls, and performed below for most neuropsychological tests. Women scored higher than men on a test of verbal memory, whereas men scored higher than women on a test of reaction time, visual memory, and a planning task. There were no group-by-sex interactions for any of the neuropsychological tests. CONCLUSION The present study shows that at the onset of psychosis there are no differences between males and females in neuropsychological performance. The differential pattern of cognitive performance observed is similar to that in healthy males and females. Furthermore, females with a late onset of psychosis may represent a subgroup with specific visuospatial and problem solving impairments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IFIMAV, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Totonchi Z, Seifi S, Chitsazan M, Alizadeh Ghavidel A, Baazm F, Faritus SZ. Pain location and intensity during the first week following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Anesth Pain Med 2013; 4:e10386. [PMID: 24660142 PMCID: PMC3961017 DOI: 10.5812/aapm.10386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the advances in pain control following surgery, data on the location and distribution of pain following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are lacking. OBJECTIVES This study was intended to investigate the location, distribution, and intensity of pain in patients undergoing CABG during their postoperative hospital stay from the operation to the end of the first postoperative week. Factors that could affect pain intensity and distribution were analyzed as well. PATIENTS AND METHODS The present study was conducted on 138 patients who underwent CABG surgery at Rajaei cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center during May and July 2011. Location and intensity of pain were assessed using numeric rating scale (NRS) over time: every six hours after the operation on the first day (T1-T4, respectively), and on two (POD2), three (POD3), and seven days after the operation (POD7). RESULTS Among 138 patients assessed in the study, the greatest severity of pain was reported on T2, with the mean severity of 3.4, followed by POD2 with the mean severity of 2.9 (P < 0.01). The location of the surgical incision had the most severity of pain in all patients (P < 0.01). On the site of surgical incision, a negative correlation was seen between the age and the severity of pain on T1 (P = 0.03, r = -0.180). Women experienced more severe pain compared to men at POD7. A significant correlation was seen between the severity of pain on POD7 and body mass index (BMI) (P < 0.01, r = 0.23). In patients who had the longer duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (CBD), the most pain intensity was reported on T1 (P < 0.01, r = 0.18). A significant correlation was seen on the pain intensity on T4 and chest tube drainage (P < 0.01, r = 0.24). The correlation between the pain severity pain and duration of admission in intensive care unit (ICU), was significant on T1 (P < 0.05, r = 0.18), T4 (P < 0.01, r = 0.29), POD2 (P < 0.01, r = 0.35) and POD7 (P < 0.05, r = 0.18). CONCLUSIONS Following CABG, the most severity of pain was reported at surgical incision on time T2. Pain began to decrease from the third day following the operation. Age, sex and BMI along with operation-related factors such as duration of CBP or chest tube drainage may affect the pain pattern following CABG surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziae Totonchi
- Rajaei Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Seifi
- Rajaei Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Chitsazan
- Rajaei Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding author: Mitra Chitsazan, Rajaei Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-9122210385, Fax: +98-2122042026,
| | - Alireza Alizadeh Ghavidel
- Rajaei Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farah Baazm
- Rajaei Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Zahra Faritus
- Rajaei Cardiovascular, Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhang XY, Yao JK. Oxidative stress and therapeutic implications in psychiatric disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 46:197-9. [PMID: 23523744 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that disturbances of antioxidant defense system and presence of oxidative stress can play a part in a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression, as well as antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia (TD). Moreover, researchers have embarked on using antioxidant treatment as adjunct therapy for psychiatry disorders. Evidence from clinical, pre-clinical and epidemiological studies suggests that a benefit of using antioxidant compounds should be considered as an adjunctive therapy in these patients. These are some of the main perspectives that are reviewed by four articles in this special section. Overall, there has been growing recognition of the importance of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders and the development of TD. The collection of articles in this special section will contribute to providing more efficacious treatments arising from a better appreciation of the roles of oxidative stress in these psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yang Zhang
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA; Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Hui Long Guan Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pandya CD, Howell KR, Pillai A. Antioxidants as potential therapeutics for neuropsychiatric disorders. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2013; 46:214-23. [PMID: 23123357 PMCID: PMC3615047 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression etc. Both genetic and non-genetic factors have been found to cause increased cellular levels of reactive oxygen species beyond the capacity of antioxidant defense mechanism in patients of psychiatric disorders. These factors trigger oxidative cellular damage to lipids, proteins and DNA, leading to abnormal neural growth and differentiation. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies such as supplementation with antioxidants can be effective for long-term treatment management of neuropsychiatric disorders. The use of antioxidants and PUFAs as supplements in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders has provided some promising results. At the same time, one should be cautious with the use of antioxidants since excessive antioxidants could dangerously interfere with some of the protective functions of reactive oxygen species. The present article will give an overview of the potential strategies and outcomes of using antioxidants as therapeutics in psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chirayu D Pandya
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Behavior, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Health Sciences University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|