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Caddeo A, Maurotti S, Kovooru L, Romeo S. 3D culture models to study pathophysiology of steatotic liver disease. Atherosclerosis 2024:117544. [PMID: 38677899 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Steatotic liver disease (SLD) refers to a spectrum of diseases caused by hepatic lipid accumulation. SLD has emerged as the leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Despite this burden and many years, understanding the pathophysiology of this disease is challenging due to the inaccessibility to human liver specimens. Therefore, cell-based in vitro systems are widely used as models to investigate the pathophysiology of SLD. Culturing hepatic cells in monolayers causes the loss of their hepatocyte-specific phenotype and, consequently, tissue-specific function and architecture. Hence, three-dimensional (3D) culture models allow cells to mimic the in vivo microenvironment and spatial organization of the liver unit. The utilization of 3D in vitro models minimizes the drawbacks of two-dimensional (2D) cultures and aligns with the 3Rs principles to alleviate the number of in vivo experiments. This article provides an overview of liver 3D models highlighting advantages and limitations, and culminates by discussing their applications in pharmaceutical and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Caddeo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Oncology and Molecular Pathology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Samantha Maurotti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lohitesh Kovooru
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Wallenberg Laboratory, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Meda NR, Stevanovic T, Poubelle PE. Anhydroglucitol-core gallotannins from red maple buds modulate viability of human blood neutrophils. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 60:76-86. [PMID: 31100377 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis of neutrophils is an essential checkpoint for the resolution of inflammation by shutting down the deleterious functions of these immune cells. This study investigated the role of anhydroglucitol-core gallotannins (ACGs) in apoptosis increase of human blood neutrophils treated by the hot water extract from red maple buds (RMB). Fractions obtained by liquid-liquid partitioning (ethyl acetate, butanol and water-remaining fractions) of the hot water extract from RMB were assessed for their effects on neutrophil viability by using flow cytometry. These fractions were then phytochemically analyzed to investigate the ability of major compounds to induce neutrophil apoptosis individually. Ethyl acetate and butanol fractions that contained the major ACGs ginnalin A, ginnalin 3,6 and ginnalin C stimulated the apoptosis of neutrophils. The three ACGs at 100 μM significantly increased the rate of the late apoptotic cells. When differentially combined, these ACGs have additive or antagonist effects. These effects are related to the concentrations of the constituents in the mixtures studied, especially so for ginnalin C. GinA increased FADD, phospho-Rad17, SMAC/Diablo and cytochrome C, while decreasing the anti-apoptotic protein catalase. These compounds could be useful for the development of novel therapeutic approaches that facilitate resolution of neutrophil-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naamwin R Meda
- Département des Sciences du Bois et de la Forêt, Faculté de Foresterie et Géomatique, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Renouvelables (CRMR), Université Laval, 2425 rue de la Terrasse, Pavillon G-H Kruger, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Institut des Nutraceutiques et des Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, 1065 avenue de la médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Département de Médecine, Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Tatjana Stevanovic
- Département des Sciences du Bois et de la Forêt, Faculté de Foresterie et Géomatique, Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Renouvelables (CRMR), Université Laval, 2425 rue de la Terrasse, Pavillon G-H Kruger, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Institut des Nutraceutiques et des Aliments Fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (CERMA), Université Laval, 1065 avenue de la médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Patrice E Poubelle
- Département de Médecine, Centre de Recherche en Rhumatologie et Immunologie, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, 2705 Boulevard Laurier, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada.
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Lavola A, Maukonen M, Julkunen-Tiitto R. Variability in the composition of phenolic compounds in winter-dormant Salix pyrolifolia in relation to plant part and age. Phytochemistry 2018; 153:102-110. [PMID: 29906656 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The phenolic phytochemicals of winter-dormant Salix pyrolifolia were determined from the vegetative buds, and the bark and wood of different-aged twigs by HPLC-DAD and UHPLC-QTOF-MS analyses. All the plant parts were composed of salicylate glucosides and the other Salix-specific, simple phenolic glucosides as well as of phenolic acids, flavonoids and the high molecular-weight condensed tannins. The flavonoid composition was most diverse in buds and they also contained a large amount of chlorogenic acid (5-caffeoylquinic acid IUPAC), while salicylate glucosides and simple phenolic glucosides predominated in bark. The wooden interior part of the twigs contained fewer components and the lowest concentrations of compounds. Salicortin was the main compound in winter-dormant S. pyrolifolia (over 10% of bark biomass), but the concentrations of picein, salireposide, isosalipurposide, catechin and condensed tannins were also high. The flavonoid composition was highly naringenin- and quercetin-biassed. The composition of phytochemicals was organ-specific and remained relatively similar between different-aged trees. However, there were compound-specific fluctuations in the concentrations of phytochemicals with the age of the trees and within plant parts. Generally, the one-year-old plants differed from the older trees in their high concentration of condensed tannins in all the plant parts studied and in the highest concentration of isosalipurposide in bark, while the total amounts of salicylate glucosides in plant parts, and of naringenin glucosides in buds, tended to be highest in 20 year-old-trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Lavola
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Natural Product Research Laboratories, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 111 FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Merja Maukonen
- Department of Geographical and Historical Studies, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 111 FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Natural Product Research Laboratories, University of Eastern Finland (UEF), P.O. Box 111 FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland.
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Zhou Y, Li L, Sun L, Zhou L, Xu Y. In comparison with vitamin C and butylated hydroxytoluene, the antioxidant capacity of aqueous extracts from buds and flowers of Lonicera japonica Thunb. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2018; 38:373-379. [PMID: 32185969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the antioxidant capacity of aqueous extracts of buds and flowers of Lonicera japonica Thunb. (BLJ and FLJ) using in vitro assays. METHODS We assessed the in vitro antioxidant activities of aqueous extracts of BLJ and FLJ and compared with that of classical antioxidants vitamin C and butylated hydroxytoluene, using several well-established methods including the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl assay, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assay, reducing power assay, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching assay, ¦Â-carotene bleaching assay, ferric thiocyanate assay, and thiobarbituric acid method. RESULTS The aqueous extracts of both BLJ and FLJ had similarly potent antioxidant capacity. There were no significance differences between BLJ and FLJ in all the assays. CONCLUSION The aqueous extracts of both BLJ and FLJ have antioxidant activity with comparable efficacy. These findings suggest that both BLJ and FLJ may have the potential as natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Zhou
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lin Li
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lan Sun
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lidong Zhou
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development (IMPLAD), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
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Rosmana A, Nasaruddin N, Hendarto H, Hakkar AA, Agriansyah N. Endophytic Association of Trichoderma asperellum within Theobroma cacao Suppresses Vascular Streak Dieback Incidence and Promotes Side Graft Growth. Mycobiology 2016; 44:180-186. [PMID: 27790069 PMCID: PMC5078131 DOI: 10.5941/myco.2016.44.3.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Trichoderma species are able to persist on living sapwood and leaves of cacao (Theobroma cacao) in an endophytic relationship. In this research, we evaluated the ability of Trichodema asperellum introduced at the incision site in the bark for side grafting with the concentration of 4 g/10 mL, 4 g/100 mL, and 4 g/1,000 mL (suspended in water) in suppressing vascular streak dieback (VSD) incidence and promoting growth of side grafts in the field. The incidence of VSD in two local clones of cacao, MCC1 and M04, without application of T. asperellum was 71.2% and 70.1% at 21 wk after grafting, respectively. However, when the two clones were treated with a concentration of 4 g/10 mL T. asperellum, the incidence was 20.6% and 21.7%, respectively, compared to 29.1% and 20.9% at 4 g/100 mL and 18.2% and 15.6% at 4 g/1,000 mL. By comparing to the control, the treatment with the same concentrations of T. asperellum listed above, the total number of stomata in MCC1 decreased by 41.9%, 30.2%, and 14.0% and in M04 by 30.5%, 21.9%, and -2.5% (exception), respectively. Otherwise, the total area of stomata opening increased by 91.4%, 99.7%, and 28.6% in MCC1 and by 203.8%, 253.5%, and 35.9% in M04, respectively. Furthermore, the number of buds and branches treated with a mixture concentration on the the two clones increased by 90.7% and 21.7%, respectively. These data showed that the application of T. asperellum to cacao scions while grafting can decrease VSD incidence in side grafts and increase growth of grafts in addition to decreasing total number of stomata, increasing total area of opened stomata, and increasing number of buds and branches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ade Rosmana
- Cocoa Research Group, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Nasaruddin Nasaruddin
- Cocoa Research Group, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Hendarto Hendarto
- Cocoa Research Group, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Andi Akbar Hakkar
- Cocoa Research Group, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Nursalim Agriansyah
- Cocoa Research Group, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
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Vergara R, Noriega X, Parada F, Dantas D, Pérez FJ. Relationship between endodormancy, FLOWERING LOCUS T and cell cycle genes in Vitis vinifera. Planta 2016; 243:411-419. [PMID: 26438218 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-015-2415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In grapevines, the increased expression of VvFT , genes involved in the photoperiodic control of seasonal growth ( VvAP1, VvAIL2 ) and cell cycle genes ( VvCDKA, VvCDKB2, VvCYCA1, VvCYCB, VvCYCD3.2 ) in the shoot apex relative to the latent bud, suggests a high mitotic activity of the apex which could prevent them to enter into endodormancy. Additionally, the up-regulation of these genes by the dormancy-breaking compound hydrogen cyanamide (H 2 CN 2 ) strongly suggests that VvFT plays a key role in regulating transcriptionally cell cycle genes. At the end of the growing season, short-day (SD) photoperiod induces the transition of latent grapevine buds (Vitis vinifera L) from paradormancy (PD) to endodormancy (ED), which allows them to survive the cold temperatures of winter. Meanwhile, the shoot apex gradually decreases its growth without entering into ED, and as a result of the fall of temperatures at the beginning of autumn, dies. To understand developmental differences and contrasting responses to environmental cues between both organs, the expression of cell cycle genes, and of genes involved in photoperiodic control of seasonal growth in trees, such as FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), APETALA1 (AP1) and AINTEGUMENTA-like (AIL) was analyzed at the shoot apex and latent buds of vines during the transition from PD to ED. After shift to SD photoperiod, increased expression of cell cycle genes in the shoot apex suggests a high mitotic activity in this organ which could prevent them from entering into ED. Additionally, the increased expression of VvFT, VvAP1and VvAIL2 in the shoot apex, and the up-regulation of VvFT, VvAP1and cell cycle genes VvCDKA, VvCDKB2, VvCYCA.1, by the dormancy-breaking compound hydrogen cyanamide (H2CN2), strongly suggests that VvFT plays a key role in regulating transcriptionally cell cycle genes, giving thus, more support to the model for photoperiodic control of seasonal growth in trees. Furthermore, downregulation of VvFT by the SD photoperiod detected in leaves and buds of grapevines highlights the importance of VvFT in the induction of growth cessation and in ED development, probably by regulating the expression of cell cycle genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Vergara
- Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Bioquímica Vegetal, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
- Programa Doctorado en Ciencias Silvoagropecuarias y Veterinarias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Noriega
- Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Bioquímica Vegetal, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Parada
- Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Bioquímica Vegetal, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
| | - Débora Dantas
- Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologías Agropecuarias, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Avda Alberto Lamego 2000, Campos Dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Francisco J Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Bioquímica Vegetal, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
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Allio A, Calorio C, Franchino C, Gavello D, Carbone E, Marcantoni A. Bud extracts from Tilia tomentosa Moench inhibit hippocampal neuronal firing through GABAA and benzodiazepine receptors activation. J Ethnopharmacol 2015; 172:288-296. [PMID: 26144285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tilia tomentosa Moench bud extracts (TTBEs) is used in traditional medicine for centuries as sedative compound. Different plants belonging to the Tilia genus have shown their efficacy in the treatment of anxiety but still little is known about the mechanism of action of their bud extracts. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the action of TTBEs as anxiolytic and sedative compound on in vitro hippocampal neurons. MATERIAL AND METHODS The anxiolytic effect of TTBEs was assayed by testing the effects of these compounds on GABAA receptor-activated chloride current of hippocampal neurons by means of the patch-clamp technique and microelectrode-arrays (MEAs). RESULTS TTBEs acutely administered on mouse hippocampal neurons, activated a chloride current comparable to that measured in the presence of GABA (100 µM). Bicuculline (100 µM) and picrotoxin (100 µM) blocked about 90% of this current, while the remaining 10% was blocked by adding the benzodiazepine (BDZ) antagonist flumazenil (30 µM). Flumazenil alone blocked nearly 60% of the TTBEs activated current, suggesting that TTBEs binds to both GABAA and BDZ receptor sites. Application of high-doses of TTBEs on spontaneous active hippocampal neurons grown for 3 weeks on MEAs blocked the synchronous activity of these neurons. The effects were mimicked by GABA and prevented by picrotoxin (100µM) and flumazenil (30 µM). At minimal doses, TTBEs reduced the frequency of synchronized bursts and increased the cross-correlation index of synchronized neuronal firing. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that TTBEs mimics GABA and BDZ agonists by targeting hippocampal GABAergic synapses and inhibiting network excitability by increasing the strength of inhibitory synaptic outputs. Our results contribute toward the validation of TTBEs as effective sedative and anxiolytic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Allio
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Chiara Calorio
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Claudio Franchino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Daniela Gavello
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Emilio Carbone
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Andrea Marcantoni
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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Malandrino M, Giacomino A, Abollino O, Allio A, Toniolo R, Colombo ML. Determination of major, minor and trace elements in Glyceric Macerates and Mother Tinctures and in the starting plant materials. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 106:167-78. [PMID: 25554479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Glyceric Macerates (GMs) and Mother Tinctures (MTs) are liquid preparations obtained from plant buds (for GMs) and flowers, leaves or roots (for MT) by extraction with a mixture of solvents. Their quality depends on the quality of the plant materials and on the preparation procedures. In this work we determined the concentrations of major, minor and trace elements in buds, flowers and other plant components and in the GMs and MTs obtained from them by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) after microwave mineralization. To the best of our knowledge, this procedure has been applied for the first time here to the analysis of buds. We have taken into account spectral interferences and other causes of errors. Analogies and differences with regard to the method reported by European Pharmacopoeia for heavy metal determination in herbal drugs have been highlighted. The experimental results have been interpreted with chemometric techniques. No significant contamination was detected during the manufacturing step. Element concentrations in GMs and MTs, taking into account their daily dosages, are lower than acceptable intake levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mery Malandrino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Giuria 5, Torino, Italy
| | - Agnese Giacomino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Giuria 9, Torino, Italy
| | - Ornella Abollino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Giuria 5, Torino, Italy.
| | - Arianna Allio
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Giuria 9, Torino, Italy
| | - Rosanna Toniolo
- Department of Food Science, University of Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, Udine, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Colombo
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Torino, Via Giuria 9, Torino, Italy
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Liu P, Kallio H, Yang B. Flavonol glycosides and other phenolic compounds in buds and leaves of different varieties of black currant (Ribes nigrum L.) and changes during growing season. Food Chem 2014; 160:180-9. [PMID: 24799225 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds in buds and leaves of three varieties of black currant in Finland were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. Forty-three phenolic compounds of flavonol glycosides, proanthocyanidins and phenolic acids were found in variety "Mikael" whereas only thirty-five in "Mortti" and "Jaloste n:o 15". Glycosides of quercetin and kaempferol were the major phenolics. Rutin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoise, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, quercetin-3-O-(6″-malonyl)-glucoside and a kaempferol-malonylhexoside were the most abundant flavonol glycosides. The contents of flavonol glycosides ranged from 1 to 7 mg/g fresh weight in leaves showing typically an increasing trend from July to August, reaching the highest values in early October in "Mikael" and the end of August in "Mortti" and "Jaloste n:o 15". This is the first systematic report of the composition and content of phenolic compounds in buds and leaves of black currant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengzhan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Heikki Kallio
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; The Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Baoru Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
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Muñoz-Fambuena N, Mesejo C, Reig C, Agustí M, Tárraga S, Lisón P, Iglesias DJ, Primo-Millo E, González-Mas MC. Proteomic study of 'Moncada' mandarin buds from on- versus off-crop trees. Plant Physiol Biochem 2013; 73:41-55. [PMID: 24056126 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A proteomic analysis of buds from mandarin trees with contrasting fruit load (on- and off-crop trees) was carried out during the onset of low-temperature induction. The aim of the study was to find out more about the molecular mechanism relating to alternate bearing in Citrus and its relationship with flowering. The 'Moncada' variety (Clementine 'Oroval'x'Kara' mandarin), displaying remarkable behaviour in alternate production, was used in this study. From 2D DIGE gel, 192 spots were isolated: 97 showed increased expression in the off-crop buds as compared to the on-crop buds, while 95 exhibited enhanced expression in the on-crop buds versus the off-crop buds. These spots were identified by MALDI-MS or LC-MS-MS. The largest groups of proteins up-expressed in the off-crop buds were the proteins involved in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, and the proteins expressed in response to stimuli such as reactive oxygen species. The largest groups of proteins up-expressed in the on-crop buds were related to primary metabolism, oxidative stress and defence responses. Depending on their function, some of these proteins can stimulate the flowering, such as fructose-bisphosphate aldolase or leucine-rich repeat transmembrane protein kinase, while others can inhibit it, such as cytochrome c oxidase subunit II. Twenty-two other proteins with unknown functions were up-expressed in the on- or off-crop buds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Muñoz-Fambuena
- Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, C/Ingeniero Fausto Elio, E-46022 Valencia, Spain
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