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Pharmacological properties of betabeta-di-methyl-acryloylcholine and some other beta-substituted acryloylcholines. BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND CHEMOTHERAPY 2000; 13:308-14. [PMID: 13584734 PMCID: PMC1481777 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1958.tb00908.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian pharmacology of a new naturally occurring ester of choline, betabeta-dimethylacryloylcholine (DMAC), has been studied, mainly in the cat, together with that of two synthetic beta-substituted acryloylcholines, crotonoylcholine and pent-2-enoylcholine. Comparisons have been made with the reduced form of DMAC, isovalerylcholine, with another naturally ocurring beta-substituted acryloylcholine, murexine (urocanoylcholine), and with suxamethonium. DMAC has been shown to be a ganglion stimulating and neuromuscular blocking agent generally similar, in potency and properties, to murexine. It is also a powerful respiratory stimulant. The other unsaturated esters behaved similarly but were less potent.
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The antagonism of cocaine to the action of choline 2,6-xylyl ether bromide at sympathetic nerve endings. BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND CHEMOTHERAPY 1998; 14:477-83. [PMID: 14426099 PMCID: PMC1481892 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1959.tb00951.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Choline 2,6-xylyl ether bromide (TM10) prevents contraction of the nictitating membrane and of the spleen in response to sympathetic nerve stimulation. It was confirmed that this effect was due to prevention of the release of noradrenaline ("sympathin") at the nerve endings. The intravenous injection of cocaine before choline xylyl ether blocked the action of the latter drug. However, when atropine was injected before the cocaine the effects of large doses of choline xylyl ether were not completely blocked. After block had been produced by choline xylyl ether the injection of cocaine partially restored both the secretion at the sympathetic nerve endings and the responses of the organs supplied by the nerves. Phenoxybenzamine did not restore the secretion at the nerve endings after it had been inhibited by choline xylyl ether, indicating that the latter did not cause an increased uptake of sympathin by the receptors.
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The distribution 5-hydroxytryptamine, tetramethyammonium, homarine, and other substances in sea anemones. J Physiol 1998; 151:296-311. [PMID: 14422292 PMCID: PMC1363239 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.1960.sp006439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Effect of sympathomimetic amines on the blocking action of guanethidine, bretylium and xylocholine. BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND CHEMOTHERAPY 1998; 18:421-39. [PMID: 13884064 PMCID: PMC1482112 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1962.tb01421.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Experiments were carried out in which the adrenergic neurone blocking activity of xylocholine, bretylium and guanethidine was studied by the use of the inhibitory responses of the isolated rabbit ileum to lumbar sympathetic nerve stimulation, and the contractions of the nictitating membrane of the anaesthetized cat in response to stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerves. In both these preparations, after blockade of the effects of sympathetic nerve stimulation had been produced with xylocholine, bretylium or guanethicdine, the sympathomimetic amines, dexamphetamine, mephentermine, hydroxyamphetamine, ephedrine and phenethylamine, reversed the blockade; if these amines were given first, then the adrenergic neurone blocking agents were ineffective. Tyramine and dopamine were effective on the isolated rabbit ileum but not on the cat's nictitating membrane. Effective antagonism of the adrenergic neurone blocking drugs was also shown by some substances which inhibit mono-amine oxidase but only those which in addition possess sympathomimetic effects. Thus phenelzine, pheniprazine and tranylcypromine were effective whereas iproniazid and nialamide were not. Since xylocholine, bretylium and guanethidine were all antagonized by the same agents, it seems likely that they all produce sympathetic blockade by a similar mechanism. The possibility is discussed that the sympathomimetic amines which antagonize the adrenergic neurone blocking drugs are competing with these substances for the same receptor sites.
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A new method for synthesis of cytidine diphosphate-ethanolamine and cytidine diphosphatecholine. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1998; 10:231-7. [PMID: 14496973 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.10.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Triethylcholine compared with other substances affecting neuromuscular transmission. BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND CHEMOTHERAPY 1998; 19:198-218. [PMID: 13872106 PMCID: PMC1482233 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1962.tb01440.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Triethylcholine (triethyl-2-hydroxyethyl ammonium) has been compared, in its actions on neuromuscular transmission, with the motor end-plate blocking drugs tubocurarine and decamethonium, with the anticholinesterase neostigmine, and with the closely related drug tetraethylammonium. The experiments were carried out on conscious rabbits and mice, on the tibialis anterior muscle of cats under chloralose anaesthesia and on the isolated phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation of the rat. Anticholinesterase activity was determined manometrically using the Warburg apparatus. Triethylcholine possessed a slight curare-like action, but this effect was shown to be too weak and transient to contribute to the slowly developing and long-lasting transmission failure which occurs selectively in frequently excited nervemuscle preparations and in exercised conscious animals. It was confirmed that the site of the blocking action of triethylcholine was pre-junctional. Triethylcholine often produced a slight potentiation of the contractions before blocking them. This effect was not due to a depolarizing or an anticholinesterase action, and it was concluded that the slight initial facilitating action of triethylcholine on neuromuscular transmission was due to an increase in the quantity of acetylcholine released by the nerve impulse. Tetraethylammonium was much more powerful than triethylcholine in this respect. The pre-junctional transmission failure produced by triethylcholine could not be explained simply on the basis that an initial excessive release led to exhaustion of transmitter.
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Effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), gamma-aminobutyryl choline (GABA-CH) and their related substances on the cortical activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998; 9:257-65. [PMID: 13836632 DOI: 10.2170/jjphysiol.9.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Newer agents which inhibit sympathetic nerve activity. WISCONSIN MEDICAL JOURNAL 1962; 61:429-30. [PMID: 14467322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
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15
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Sensitivity of the nictitating membrane after various procedures and agents. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1962; 136:152-61. [PMID: 13922408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
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The reaction sequence in ergothioneine biosynthesis: hercynine as an intermediate. J Biol Chem 1962; 237:1615-8. [PMID: 13862898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
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Sympatholytic agent SKF No. 6890. Effects on rabbit, normal human, and glaucomatous eyes. ARCHIVES OF OPHTHALMOLOGY (CHICAGO, ILL. : 1960) 1962; 67:600-7. [PMID: 14459694 DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960020600014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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[Therapeutic results obtained with Enfisin]. MEDICINA ESPANOLA 1962; 47:319-24. [PMID: 14485663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
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[Pharmacodynamic action of sphingosinphosphorylcholine]. ARCHIVES INTERNATIONALES DE PHARMACODYNAMIE ET DE THERAPIE 1962; 136:12-25. [PMID: 14453325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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[Influence of Mg, Zn and Be ions on the nonenzymatic hydrolysis of cholinephosphoric acid]. COMPTES RENDUS HEBDOMADAIRES DES SEANCES DE L'ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES 1962; 254:1166-8. [PMID: 13863137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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[Observations on the therapeutic effect of a new bronchodilator]. PRAXIS 1962; 51:127-129. [PMID: 13869791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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The influence of pentobarbital and ether narcosis on the brain concentration of various esters with acetylcholine activity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1962; 135:230-2. [PMID: 14449149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
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[Electrometric titration of cholinephosphoric acid. Influence of Mg, Ca and Zn ions]. COMPTES RENDUS HEBDOMADAIRES DES SEANCES DE L'ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES 1962; 254:946-8. [PMID: 13863136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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24
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[The influence of gama-butyrobetaine, crotonic acid betaine and isomeric carnitine on the growth of a mouse sarcoma]. ACTA BIOLOGICA ET MEDICA GERMANICA 1962; 8:598-601. [PMID: 13920852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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[Studies on tropane alkaloids. I. Paper chromatography of tropane alkaloids, hygrine, betaines, and xanthine]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 1961; 81:1699-702. [PMID: 14456032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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26
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[Study of the pharmacological properties of the ethyl and methyl esters of gamma-butyrobetaine chloride]. ARCHIVES INTERNATIONALES DE PHARMACODYNAMIE ET DE THERAPIE 1961; 133:333-7. [PMID: 13877869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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Treatment of catarrhal symptoms in measles... Evaluation of a non-narcotic therapeutic agent. ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRICS 1961; 78:390-5. [PMID: 13888099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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[Pharmacological evaluation of a new hepato-protective agent]. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA 1961; 120:359-61. [PMID: 14470740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
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Pharmacodynamic characteristics and biological properties of betaine ascorbate. LA CLINICA TERAPEUTICA 1961; 21:144-53. [PMID: 13733232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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[Electromyographic studies on the effects of Bordetella pertussis on the central nervous system. 3. Effects of drugs on the electromyogram of the intercostal muscles]. PAEDIATRIA JAPONICA 1961; 65:688-93. [PMID: 13787170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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31
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[Analytical separation by paper electrophoresis of several betaines and quaternary ammonium derivatives]. Ann Biol Clin (Paris) 1961; 19:533-47. [PMID: 13873351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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32
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Pharmacology of senecioyl-choline. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1961; 132:171-5. [PMID: 13749851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
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TM 10 activity in cholinergic compounds. ARCHIVES INTERNATIONALES DE PHARMACODYNAMIE ET DE THERAPIE 1961; 131:368-78. [PMID: 13694911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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[Treatment of human atherosclerosis with betaine]. Minerva Med 1961; 52:1511-6. [PMID: 13698469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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[Phosphorylcholamine and phosphorylcholamincholine]. LA CLINICA TERAPEUTICA 1961; 20:318-20. [PMID: 13689842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
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36
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Quantitative evaluation of the thiocholine method for cholinesterase as applied to single end-plates from mouse gastrocnemius muscle. COMPTES-RENDUS DES TRAVAUX DU LABORATOIRE CARLSBERG 1961; 32:139-53. [PMID: 13874167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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The incorporation of 32P-labelled phosphoric esters of glycerol, choline, ethanolamine, and serine into phospholipids of guinea pigs tissues in vitro. Acta Biochim Pol 1961; 8:111-22. [PMID: 14448697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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38
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[Biosynthesis of phospholipids in insects. I. Incorporation of phosphocholine-P32 into phospholipids in Celerio euphorbiae]. Acta Biochim Pol 1961; 8:157-65. [PMID: 14448698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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Relationships between the chemical constitution and biological response of D(-)-, L- and DL-lactoylcholines, and related compounds. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1960; 130:346-55. [PMID: 13746690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
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Histological evidence for a neural role in the depletion of adrenal catecholamines by deserpidine and TM-10. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1960; 130:119-25. [PMID: 13708263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
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[Activity of the alpha-glycerophosphorylcholine esters of essential fatty acids on the plasma lipoprotein picture after a fatty meal in normal subjects and in patients with atherosclerosis. I. Research on the turbidimetric curve after loading]. GIORNALE DI GERONTOLOGIA 1960; 8:883-90. [PMID: 13768787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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Hemodynamic effects of beta methyl 2, 6-dimethylphenylether of choline (SKF 6890) on the systemic and coronary circulations. THE JOURNAL OF LABORATORY AND CLINICAL MEDICINE 1960; 56:409-12. [PMID: 13744129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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Aminoaciduria in rats after treatment with the ethyl ester of gamma-butyrobetaine. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 1960; 38:837-43. [PMID: 14403288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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[Phenylethylacetates of sodium and of betaine: comparative experimental studies of the hypocholesterolemic, choleretic, liver-protective and cardiovascular effects]. LA CLINICA TERAPEUTICA 1960; 19:12-44. [PMID: 13763584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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45
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[Modifications induced by phosphorylcholine on the serological test of liver function in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. BOLLETTINO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI BIOLOGIA SPERIMENTALE 1960; 36:357-60. [PMID: 14445170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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Preliminary observations concerning the use of choline salicylate in various types of arthritis. AMERICAN PRACTITIONER AND DIGEST OF TREATMENT 1960; 11:305-8. [PMID: 13804760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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47
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[Studies on an iodocholine-xanthine preparation in treatment of arteriosclerosis]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR DIE GESAMTE INNERE MEDIZIN UND IHRE GRENZGEBIETE 1960; 15:273-6. [PMID: 13836411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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The nicotinic effect of thiocholine esters on the guinea-pig intestine. ARCHIVES INTERNATIONALES DE PHARMACODYNAMIE ET DE THERAPIE 1960; 124:330-5. [PMID: 13846250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
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[Research on unsaturated amine compounds. On the parasympathomimetic activity of trimethyltetrolebetaine and its esters]. COMPTES RENDUS HEBDOMADAIRES DES SEANCES DE L'ACADEMIE DES SCIENCES 1960; 250:1143-5. [PMID: 14406333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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[Comparative studies on the effect of choline analogues on choline-requiring mutants 34,486 and 47,904 of Neurospora crassa]. ACTA BIOLOGICA ET MEDICA GERMANICA 1960; 4:380-93. [PMID: 14424877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
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