1
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Fu C, Gobbooru S, Martino AT, Low WK. Production of VP3-only virus-like particles of Adeno-associated virus 2 in E. coli cells. Protein Expr Purif 2024; 220:106502. [PMID: 38754753 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2024.106502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Adeno-associated Virus (AAV) is a promising vector for gene therapy. However, few studies have focused on producing virus-like particles (VLPs) of AAV in cells, especially in E. coli. In this study, we describe a method to produce empty VP3-only VLPs of AAV2 in E. coli by co-expressing VP3 and assembly-activating protein (AAP) of AAV2. Although the yields of VLPs produced with our method were low, the VLPs were able to self-assemble in E. coli without the need of in vitro capsid assembly. The produced VLPs were characterized by immunological detection and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that capsid assembly of AAV2 is possible in E. coli, and E. coli may be a candidate system for production of VLPs of AAV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Fu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Shruthi Gobbooru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Ashley T Martino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Woon-Kai Low
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY, 11439, USA.
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2
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Yang L, Gong Y, Liu F, Chen W, Wang X, Long G, Li H, Xiao F, Lu M, Hu Y, Tong X, Zuo J. A novel phthalazinone derivative as a capsid assembly modulator inhibits hepatitis B virus expression. Antiviral Res 2024; 221:105763. [PMID: 38008192 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Development of new anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) drugs that target viral capsid assembly is a very active research field. We identify a novel phthalazinone derivative, compound 5832, as a potent HBV inhibitor. In this study, we intend to elaborate the antiviral effect and mechanism of 5832 against HBV in vitro and in vivo. Compound 5832 treatment induces the formation of genome-free empty capsid by interfering with the core protein assembly domain, which significantly decreases the extracellular and intracellular HBV DNA. In the AAV-HBV transduced mouse model, 5832 suppresses serum HBV DNA after 4-week treatment, and decreases HBsAg and HBeAg levels. 5832 treatment also reduces intrahepatic HBV RNA, DNA and HBcAg levels. During the follow-up period after treatment withdrawal, serum antigen levels demonstrated no increase. We demonstrate 5832 treatment could active apoptotic signaling by elevating the expression of death receptor 5 (DR5), which participated in corresponding HBcAg-positive hepatocyte eradication. Phthalazinone derivative 5832 may serve as a promising anti-HBV drug candidate to improve the treatment options for chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microorganisms and Infection, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200000,China
| | - Ying Gong
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wuhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xinran Wang
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Guozhang Long
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Heng Li
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fuling Xiao
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - MengJi Lu
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, 45122, Germany
| | - Youhong Hu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Xiankun Tong
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jianping Zuo
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 ZuChongZhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, No.138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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3
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Hwang N, Wu S, Ban H, Luo H, Ma J, Cheng J, Zhao Q, Laney JA, Du N, Guo J, Suresh M, Shen L, Tolufashe G, Viswanathan U, Kulp J, Lam P, Chang J, Clement JA, Menne S, Guo JT, Du Y. Identification of novel tetrahydroquinoxaline derived phenyl ureas as modulators of the hepatitis B virus nucleo capsid assembly. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 259:115634. [PMID: 37499290 PMCID: PMC10753860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
A key step of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication is the selective packaging of pregenomic RNA (pgRNA) by core protein (Cp) dimers, forming a nucleocapsid where the reverse transcriptional viral DNA replication takes place. One approach in the development of new anti-HBV drugs is to disrupt the assembly of HBV nucleocapsids by misdirecting Cp dimers to assemble morphologically normal capsids devoid of pgRNA. In this study, we built upon our previous discovery of benzamide-derived HBV capsid assembly modulators by exploring fused bicyclic scaffolds with an exocyclic amide that is β, γ to the fused ring, and identified 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline derived phenyl ureas as a novel scaffold. Structure-activity relationship studies showed that a favorable hydrophobic substitution can be tolerated at the 2-position of the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline core, and the resulting compound 88 demonstrated comparable or improved antiviral potencies in mouse and human hepatocyte-derived HBV-replicating cell lines compared to our previously reported benzamide compound, 38017 (8). In addition, a novel bis-urea series based on 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxaline was also found to inhibit HBV DNA replication with sub-micromolar EC50 values. The mode of action of these compounds is consistent with specific inhibition of pgRNA encapsidation into nucleocapsids in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Hwang
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Shuo Wu
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Haiqun Ban
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA; Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1630 Dongfang Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Huixin Luo
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Julia Ma
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Junjun Cheng
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Qiong Zhao
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Jessilyn A Laney
- United States Naval Academy, 121 Blake Rd, Annapolis, MD, 21402, USA
| | - Na Du
- Pharmaron, 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Junyang Guo
- Pharmaron, 6 Taihe Road, BDA, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Manasa Suresh
- Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Liangxian Shen
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Gideon Tolufashe
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Usha Viswanathan
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - John Kulp
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Patrick Lam
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Jinhong Chang
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Jason A Clement
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA
| | - Stephan Menne
- Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Ju-Tao Guo
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA.
| | - Yanming Du
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA, 18902, USA.
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4
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Xi J, Gu Z, Sun C, Chen Z, Zhang T, Chen R, Liu T, Liao H, Zou J, Yang D, Xu Q, Wang J, Wei G, Cheng Z, Lu F, Chen X. A novel hepatitis B virus capsid assembly modulator QL-007 inhibits HBV replication and infection through altering capsid assembly. Antiviral Res 2023; 218:105715. [PMID: 37683938 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The core protein allosteric modulators (CpAMs) have shown great potential as highly effective antiviral drugs against hepatitis B virus (HBV) in preclinical studies and clinical trials. In this study, we evaluated a small molecule compound called QL-007, which could potentially influence capsid assembly, using HBV replicated and susceptible cell models as well as mice infected with rAAV-HBV. QL-007 significantly inhibited HBV replication in a dose-dependent manner both in vitro and in vivo, resulting in significant decreases in HBV DNA, 3.5 kb HBV RNA and HBeAg. Furthermore, QL-007 not only induced the formation of misshaped Cp149 capsids but also possessed the capability to disassemble HBV capsids. It is noteworthy that QL-007 effectively reduced cccDNA biosynthesis in de novo infections. Mechanistically, QL-007 blocked the encapsidation of pgRNA and induced aberrant polymers assembly at concentrations ≥100 nM, while having no impact on the stability of core proteins. In conclusion, our findings underscore the potential of QL-007 as an effective agent against HBV replication and introduce it as a novel CpAM for the antiviral treatment of chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Xi
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory Center, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gu
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Chunyan Sun
- Department of Nonclinical Development, Qilu Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, 243 Gong Ye Bei Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Zimin Chen
- R&D Department, Xiamen Innobiomax Biotechnology Co, Ltd, 126 Xin Yuan Road, Xiamen, Fujian, 361022, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ran Chen
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China; Institute of Human Virology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center, Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hao Liao
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen, 518112, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Danli Yang
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guochao Wei
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhe Cheng
- Department of Nonclinical Development, Qilu Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, 243 Gong Ye Bei Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China.
| | - Fengmin Lu
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China; Peking University Hepatology Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hepatitis C and Immunotherapy for Liver Diseases, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China.
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Microbiology & Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China.
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5
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Detta E, Corcuera A, Urban A, Goldner T, Bonsmann S, Engel F, May MM, Buschmann H, Fianchini M, Alza E, Pericàs MA, Pushkarev PA, Varenyk AO, Yakovyuk TY, Homon AA, Sokoliuk PA, Smaliy R, Donald A. Structure-based Design of Novel Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Assembly Modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 93:129412. [PMID: 37499987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule capsid assembly modulators (CAMs) have been recently recognized as promising antiviral agents for curing chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. A target-based in silico screening study is described, aimed towards the discovery of novel HBV CAMs. Initial optimization of four weakly active screening hits was performed via focused library synthesis. Lead compound 42 and close analogues 56 and 57 exhibited in vitro potency in the sub- and micromolar range along with good physico-chemical properties and were further evaluated in molecular docking and mechanism of action studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Detta
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str.475, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany; Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Angelica Corcuera
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str.475, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Andreas Urban
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str.475, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Thomas Goldner
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str.475, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Susanne Bonsmann
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str.475, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Florian Engel
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str.475, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Marina M May
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str.475, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Helmut Buschmann
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str.475, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Mauro Fianchini
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Esther Alza
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Miquel A Pericàs
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Anton A Homon
- Enamine Ltd, Chervonotkatska Street 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Radomyr Smaliy
- Enamine Ltd, Chervonotkatska Street 78, 02094 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alastair Donald
- AiCuris Anti-infective Cures AG, Friedrich-Ebert-Str.475, 42117 Wuppertal, Germany
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6
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Barbosa GM, Morando MA, Da Poian AT, Almeida FCL. The 1H, 15N and 13C resonance assignments of dengue virus capsid protein with the deletion of the intrinsically disordered N-terminal region. Biomol NMR Assign 2023; 17:23-26. [PMID: 36723824 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-022-10115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus belongs to the Flaviviridae family, being responsible for an endemic arboviral disease in humans. It is an enveloped virus, whose genome is a positive-stranded RNA packaged by the capsid protein. Dengue virus capsid protein (DENVC) forms homodimers in solution organized in 4 α-helices and an intrinsically disordered N-terminal region. The N-terminal region is involved in the binding of membranous structures in host cells and in the recognition of nucleotides. Here we report the 1H, 15N and 13C resonance assignments of the DENVC with the deletion of the first 19 intrinsically disordered residues. The backbone chemical shift perturbations suggest changes in the α1 and α2 helices between full length and the truncated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glauce M Barbosa
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria A Morando
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Centro de Desenvolvimento de Tecnologia em Saúde, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-361, Brazil
| | - Andrea T Da Poian
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fabio C L Almeida
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis (IBqM), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging (CENABIO), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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7
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Kristensen T, Normann P, Belsham GJ. The N-terminal region (VP4) of the foot-and-mouth disease capsid precursor (P1-2A) is not required during its synthesis to allow subsequent processing by the 3C protease. Virology 2022; 570:29-34. [PMID: 35364457 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The capsid precursor (P1-2A) of foot-and-mouth disease virus is processed by the 3C protease (3Cpro) to VP0, VP3 and VP1 plus 2A. During capsid assembly, the VP0 is cleaved to VP4 plus VP2. Single amino acid changes in a conserved motif (YCPRP) near the C-terminus of VP1 can block processing of the capsid precursor by the 3Cpro, although the cleavage sites are located hundreds of amino acids distant from this motif, presumably due to misfolding. In contrast, we show here that the absence of the VP4 sequence during the synthesis of the capsid precursor does not affect its subsequent processing. Cleavage of this truncated precursor by 3Cpro at the VP3/VP1 and VP2/VP3 junctions occurred efficiently. Thus, in contrast to the presence of the YCPRP motif in VP1, there are no critical motifs near the N-terminus of the precursor, within VP4, required for correct cleavage by 3Cpro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Kristensen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Preben Normann
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Graham J Belsham
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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8
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Yamasaki M, Matsuda N, Matoba K, Kondo S, Kanegae Y, Saito I, Nomoto A. Acetophenone 4-nitrophenylhydrazone inhibits Hepatitis B virus replication by modulating capsid assembly. Virus Res 2021; 306:198565. [PMID: 34555437 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the causative agent of chronic liver disease and is correlated with the development of subsequent hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Current antiviral therapy using nucleos(t)ide analogs is effective in suppressing viral replication and interrupting disease progression, but HBV is rarely cured completely. Thus, there remains an unmet need for the development of novel anti-HBV drugs. Here, we report the identification of N-(4-Nitrophenyl)-1-phenylethanone hydrazone (ANPH) as a novel structural class of selective inhibitors targeting the replication of the HBV genome using adenovirus vector-mediated HBV genome transduction. ANPH inhibited viral genome replication in HepG2.2.15 cells by inducing the formation of empty capsids devoid of pregenomic RNA without affecting its transcription and translation. Biochemical assays using a truncated core protein consisting of the assembly domain showed that ANPH accelerates the formation of morphologically intact capsids. Taken together, we propose that ANPH might provide a new structural scaffold to design a new anti-HBV drug in medicinal chemistry as well as chemical probes for HBV core protein functions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Yamasaki
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Norie Matsuda
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Matoba
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saki Kondo
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Kanegae
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Core Research Facilities of Basic Science (Molecular Genetics), Research Center for Medical Science, Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Izumu Saito
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Nomoto
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Luo Y, Cheng J, Hu Z, Ban H, Wu S, Hwang N, Kulp J, Li Y, Du Y, Chang J, Viswanathan U, Guo JT. Identification of hepatitis B virus core protein residues critical for capsid assembly, pgRNA encapsidation and resistance to capsid assembly modulators. Antiviral Res 2021; 191:105080. [PMID: 33933516 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Assembly of hepatitis B virus (HBV) capsids is driven by the hydrophobic interaction of core protein (Cp) at dimer-dimer interface. Binding of core protein allosteric modulators (CpAMs) to a hydrophobic "HAP" pocket formed between the inter-dimer interface strengths the dimer-dimer interaction and misdirects the assembly of Cp dimers into non-capsid Cp polymers or morphologically normal capsids devoid of viral pregenomic (pg) RNA and DNA polymerase. In this study, we performed a systematic mutagenesis analysis to identify Cp amino acid residues at Cp dimer-dimer interface that are critical for capsid assembly, pgRNA encapsidation and resistance to CpAMs. By analyzing 70 mutant Cp with a single amino acid substitution of 25 amino acid residues around the HAP pocket, our study revealed that residue W102 and Y132 are critical for capsid assembly. However, substitution of many other residues did not significantly alter the amount of capsids, but reduced the amount of encapsidated pgRNA, suggesting their critical roles in pgRNA packaging. Interestingly, several mutant Cp with a single amino acid substitution of residue P25, T33 or I105 supported high levels of DNA replication, but conferred strong resistance to multiple chemotypes of CpAMs. In addition, we also found that WT Cp, but not the assembly incompetent Cp, such as Y132A Cp, interacted with HBV DNA polymerase (Pol). This later finding implies that encapsidation of viral DNA polymerase may depend on the interaction of Pol with a capsid assembly intermediate, but not free Cp dimers. Taking together, our findings reported herein shed new light on the mechanism of HBV nucleocapsid assembly and mode of CpAM action.
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10
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Tsurumi S, Watanabe T, Iwaisako Y, Suzuki Y, Nakano T, Fujimuro M. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus ORF17 plays a key role in capsid maturation. Virology 2021; 558:76-85. [PMID: 33735753 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus is a human rhadinovirus of the gammaherpesvirus sub-family. Although herpesviruses are well-studied models of capsid formation and its processes, those of KSHV remain unknown. KSHV ORF17 encoding the viral protease precursor (ORF17-prePR) is thought to contribute to capsid formation; however, functional information is largely unknown. Here, we evaluated the role of ORF17 during capsid formation by generating ORF17-deficient and ORF17 protease-dead KSHV. Both mutants showed a decrease in viral production but not DNA replication. ORF17 R-mut, with a point-mutation at the restriction or release site (R-site) by which ORF17-prePR can be functionally cleaved into a protease (ORF17-PR) and an assembly region (ORF17-pAP/-AP), failed to play a role in viral production. Furthermore, wild type KSHV produced a mature capsid, whereas ORF17-deficient and protease-dead KSHV produced a B-capsid, (i.e., a closed body possessing a circular inner structure). Therefore, ORF17 and its protease function are essential for appropriate capsid maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Tsurumi
- Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 Misasagi-Shichono, Yamashina, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Tadashi Watanabe
- Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 Misasagi-Shichono, Yamashina, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan; Department of Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Nakagami, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Yuki Iwaisako
- Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 Misasagi-Shichono, Yamashina, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan
| | - Youichi Suzuki
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fujimuro
- Department of Cell Biology, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, 1 Misasagi-Shichono, Yamashina, Kyoto, 607-8412, Japan.
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Hwang N, Ban H, Chen J, Ma J, Liu H, Lam P, Kulp J, Menne S, Chang J, Guo JT, Du Y. Synthesis of 4-oxotetrahydropyrimidine-1(2H)-carboxamides derivatives as capsid assembly modulators of hepatitis B virus. Med Chem Res 2021; 30:459-472. [PMID: 33456291 PMCID: PMC7797712 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02677-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the synthesis and evaluation of phenyl ureas derived from 4-oxotetrahydropyrimidine as novel capsid assembly modulators of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Among the derivatives, compound 27 (58031) and several analogs showed an activity of submicromolar EC50 against HBV and low cytotoxicities (>50 μM). Structure–activity relationship studies revealed a tolerance for an additional group at position 5 of 4-oxotetrahydropyrimidine. The mechanism study indicates that compound 27 (58031) is a type II core protein allosteric modulator (CpAMs), which induces core protein dimers to assemble empty capsids with fast electrophoresis mobility in native agarose gel. These compounds may thus serve as leads for future developments of novel antivirals against HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Hwang
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902 USA
| | - Haiqun Ban
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902 USA.,Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 1630 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127 Pudong New District China
| | - Junjun Chen
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902 USA
| | - Julia Ma
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902 USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902 USA.,Department of Pathogen Biology, Peking University Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Patrick Lam
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902 USA
| | - John Kulp
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902 USA
| | - Stephan Menne
- Georgetown University Medical Center, 3900 Reservoir Road, Washington, DC 20057 USA
| | - Jinhong Chang
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902 USA
| | - Ju-Tao Guo
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902 USA
| | - Yanming Du
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, PA 18902 USA
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12
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Wang J, Liu Y, Chen Y, Zhang T, Wang A, Wei Q, Liu D, Wang F, Zhang G. Capsid assembly is regulated by amino acid residues asparagine 47 and 48 in the VP2 protein of porcine parvovirus. Vet Microbiol 2021; 253:108974. [PMID: 33433338 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is a major cause of reproductive failure in swine and has caused substantial losses throughout the world. Viral protein 2 (VP2) of PPV is a major structural protein that can self-assemble into virus-like particles (VLP) with hemagglutination (HA) activity. In order to identify the essential residues involved in the mechanism of capsid assembly and to further understand the function of HA, we analyzed a series of deletion mutants and site-directed mutations within the N-terminal of VP2 using the Escherichia coli system. Our results showed that deletion of the first 47 amino acids from the N-terminal of the VP2 protein did not affect capsid assembly, and further truncation to residue 48 Asparagine (Asn, N) caused detrimental effects. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that residue 47Asn reduced the assembly efficiency of PPV VLP, while residue 48Asn destroyed the stability, hemagglutination, and self-assembly characteristics of the PPV VP2 protein. Results from native PAGE inferred that macromolecular polymers were critical intermediates of the VP2 protein during the capsid assembly process. Site-directed mutation at 48Asn did not affect the ability of monomers to form into oligomers, but destroyed the ability of oligomers to assemble into macromolecular particles, influencing both capsid assembly and HA activity. Our findings provide valuable information on the mechanisms of PPV capsid assembly and the possibility of chimeric VLP vaccine development by replacing the first 47 amino acids at the N-terminal of the VP2 protein.
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Abstract
Mycoviruses are a diverse group that includes ssRNA, dsRNA, and ssDNA viruses, with or without a protein capsid, as well as with a complex envelope. Most mycoviruses are transmitted by cytoplasmic interchange and are thought to lack an extracellular phase in their infection cycle. Structural analysis has focused on dsRNA mycoviruses, which usually package their genome in a 120-subunit T=1 icosahedral capsid, with a capsid protein (CP) dimer as the asymmetric unit. The atomic structure is available for four dsRNA mycovirus from different families: Saccharomyces cerevisiae virus L-A (ScV-L-A), Penicillium chrysogenum virus (PcV), Penicillium stoloniferum virus F (PsV-F), and Rosellinia necatrix quadrivirus 1 (RnQV1). Their capsids show structural variations of the same framework, with asymmetric or symmetric CP dimers respectively for ScV-L-A and PsV-F, dimers of similar domains of a single CP for PcV, or of two different proteins for RnQV1. The CP dimer is the building block, and assembly proceeds through dimers of dimers or pentamers of dimers, in which the genome is packed as ssRNA by interaction with CP and/or viral polymerase. These capsids remain structurally undisturbed throughout the viral cycle. The T=1 capsid participates in RNA synthesis, organizing the viral polymerase (1-2 copies) and a single loosely packaged genome segment. It also acts as a molecular sieve, to allow the passage of viral transcripts and nucleotides, but to prevent triggering of host defense mechanisms. Due to the close mycovirus-host relationship, CP evolved to allocate peptide insertions with enzyme activity, as reflected in a rough outer capsid surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos P Mata
- Department of Structure of Macromolecules, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain; Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Javier M Rodríguez
- Department of Structure of Macromolecules, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - José R Castón
- Department of Structure of Macromolecules, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) remains one of the most economically important infectious diseases of production animals. Six (out of 7 that have been identified) different serotypes of the FMD virus continue to circulate in different parts of the world. Within each serotype there is also extensive diversity as the virus constantly changes. Vaccines need to be “matched” to the outbreak strain, not just to the serotype, to confer protection. Vaccination has been used successfully to assist in the eradication of the disease from Europe but is no longer employed there unless outbreaks occur. Thus the animal population in Europe, as in North America, is fully susceptible to the virus if it is accidentally (or deliberately) introduced. Almost 3 billion doses of the vaccine are made each year to control the disease elsewhere. Current vaccines are produced from chemically inactivated virus that has to be grown, on a large scale, under high containment conditions. The vaccine efficiently prevents disease but the duration of immunity is rather limited (about 6 months) and vaccination does not provide sterile immunity or block the development of carriers. Furthermore, the vaccine is quite unstable and a cold chain needs to be maintained to preserve the efficacy of the vaccine. This can be a challenge in the parts of the world where the disease is endemic. There is a significant interest in developing improved vaccines and significant progress in this direction has been made using a variety of approaches. However, no alternative vaccines are yet available commercially. Improved disease control globally is clearly beneficial to all countries as it reduces the risk of virus incursions into disease free areas.
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Belsham GJ, Kristensen T, Jackson T. Foot-and-mouth disease virus: Prospects for using knowledge of virus biology to improve control of this continuing global threat. Virus Res 2020; 281:197909. [PMID: 32126297 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.197909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of the biology of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) has grown considerably since the nucleotide sequence of the viral RNA was determined. The ability to manipulate the intact genome and also to express specific parts of the genome individually has enabled detailed analyses of viral components, both RNA and protein. Such studies have identified the requirements for specific functional elements for virus replication and pathogenicity. Furthermore, information about the functions of individual virus proteins has enabled the rational design of cDNA cassettes to express non-infectious empty capsid particles that can induce protective immunity in the natural host animals and thus represent new vaccine candidates. Similarly, attempts to block specific virus activities using antiviral agents have also been performed. However, currently, only the well-established, chemically inactivated FMDV vaccines are commercially available and suitable for use to combat this important disease of livestock animals. These vaccines, despite certain shortcomings, have been used very successfully (e.g. in Europe) to control the disease but it still remains endemic in much of Africa, southern Asia and the Middle East. Hence there remains a significant risk of reintroduction of the disease into highly susceptible animal populations with enormous economic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J Belsham
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Thea Kristensen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Grønnegårdsvej 15, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Terry Jackson
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 0NF. UK
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Vandenbossche J, Jessner W, van den Boer M, Biewenga J, Berke JM, Talloen W, De Zwart L, Snoeys J, Yogaratnam J. Pharmacokinetics, Safety and Tolerability of JNJ-56136379, a Novel Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Assembly Modulator, in Healthy Subjects. Adv Ther 2019; 36:2450-2462. [PMID: 31267367 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-019-01017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis B viral capsid assembly is an attractive target for new antiviral treatments. JNJ-56136379 (JNJ-6379) is a potent capsid assembly modulator in vitro with a dual mode of action. In Part 1 of this first-in-human study in healthy adults, the pharmacokinetics (PK), safety and tolerability of JNJ-6379 were evaluated following single ascending and multiple oral doses. METHODS This was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study in 30 healthy adults. Eighteen subjects were randomized to receive single doses of JNJ-6379 (25 to 600 mg) or placebo. Twelve subjects were randomized to receive 150 mg JNJ-6379 or placebo twice daily for 2 days, followed by 100 mg JNJ-6379 or placebo daily for 10 days. RESULTS The maximum observed plasma concentration and the area under the curve increased dose proportionally from 25 to 300 mg JNJ-6379. Following multiple dosing, steady-state conditions were achieved on day 8. Steady-state clearance was similar following single and multiple dosing, suggesting time-linear PK. All adverse events (AEs) reported were mild to moderate in severity. There were no serious AEs or dose-limiting toxicities and no apparent relationship to dose for any AE. CONCLUSION JNJ-6379 was well tolerated in this study. Based on the safety profile and plasma exposures of JNJ-6379 in healthy subjects, a dosing regimen was selected for Part 2 of this study in patients with chronic hepatitis B. This is anticipated to achieve trough plasma exposures of JNJ-6379 at steady state of more than three times the 90% effective concentration of viral replication determined in vitro. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov identifier, NCT02662712. FUNDING Janssen Pharmaceutica.
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Abstract
Over the last 20 years, mass spectrometry (MS), with its ability to analyze small sample amounts with high speed and sensitivity, has more and more entered the field of structural virology, aiming to investigate the structure and dynamics of viral proteins as close to their native environment as possible. The use of non-perturbing labels in hydrogen-deuterium exchange MS allows for the analysis of interactions between viral proteins and host cell factors as well as their dynamic responses to the environment. Cross-linking MS, on the other hand, can analyze interactions in viral protein complexes and identify virus-host interactions in cells. Native MS allows transferring viral proteins, complexes and capsids into the gas phase and has broken boundaries to overcome size limitations, so that now even the analysis of intact virions is possible. Different MS approaches not only inform about size, stability, interactions and dynamics of virus assemblies, but also bridge the gap to other biophysical techniques, providing valuable constraints for integrative structural modeling of viral complex assemblies that are often inaccessible by single technique approaches. In this review, recent advances are highlighted, clearly showing that structural MS approaches in virology are moving towards systems biology and ever more experiments are performed on cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Dülfer
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alan Kadek
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany; European XFEL GmbH, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Janine-Denise Kopicki
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Boris Krichel
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Uetrecht
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany; European XFEL GmbH, Schenefeld, Germany.
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Toyama M, Sakakibara N, Takeda M, Okamoto M, Watashi K, Wakita T, Sugiyama M, Mizokami M, Ikeda M, Baba M. Pyrimidotriazine derivatives as selective inhibitors of HBV capsid assembly. Virus Res 2019; 271:197677. [PMID: 31376401 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2019.197677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is currently treated with nucleoside/nucleotides analogs. They are potent inhibitors of HBV DNA polymerase, which also functions as reverse transcriptase. Although nucleoside/nucleotide analogs efficiently suppress HBV replication in liver cells, they cannot eradicate HBV DNA from liver cells and cure the disease. Therefore, it is still mandatory to identify and develop effective inhibitors that target a step other than reverse transcription in the viral replication cycle. HBV capsid assembly is a critical step for viral replication and an attractive target for inhibition of HBV replication. We conducted in silico screening of compounds expected to bind to the HBV capsid dimer-dimer interaction site. The selected compounds were further examined for their anti-HBV activity in vitro. Among the test compounds, novel pyrimidotriazine derivatives were found to be selective inhibitors of HBV replication in HepG2.2.15.7 cells. Among the compounds, 2-[(2,3-dichlorophenyl)amino]-4-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-8-methyl-4H,9H-pyrimido[1,2-a][1,3,5]triazin-6-one was the most active against HBV replication. Studies on its mechanism of action revealed that the compound interfered with HBV capsid assembly determined by a cell-free capsid assembly system. Thus, the pyrimidotriazine derivatives are considered to be potential leads for novel HBV capsid assembly inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Toyama
- Division of Antiviral Chemotherapy, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Norikazu Sakakibara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Japan
| | - Midori Takeda
- Division of Biological Information Technology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mika Okamoto
- Division of Antiviral Chemotherapy, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Koichi Watashi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaji Wakita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Sugiyama
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Mizokami
- The Research Center for Hepatitis and Immunology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Ichikawa, Japan
| | - Masanori Ikeda
- Division of Biological Information Technology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masanori Baba
- Division of Antiviral Chemotherapy, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang J, Guo H. Naturally occurring core protein mutations compensate for the reduced replication fitness of a lamivudine-resistant HBV isolate. Antiviral Res 2019; 165:47-54. [PMID: 30902704 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) replicates its DNA genome through reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate. The lack of proofreading capacity of the viral DNA polymerase results in a high mutation rate of HBV genome. Under the selective pressure created by the nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) antiviral drugs, viruses with resistance mutations are selected. However, the replication fitness of NA-resistant mutants is markedly reduced compared to wild-type. Compensatory mutations in HBV polymerase, which restore the viral replication capacity, have been reported to arise under continuous treatment with lamivudine (LMV). We have previously identified a highly replicative LMV-resistant HBV isolate from a chronic hepatitis B patient experiencing acute disease exacerbation. Besides the common YMDD drug-resistant mutations, this isolate possesses multiple additional mutations in polymerase and core regions. The transcomplementation assay demonstrated that the enhanced viral replication is due to the mutations of core protein. Further mutagenesis study revealed that the P5T mutation of core protein plays an important role in the enhanced viral replication through increasing the levels of capsid formation and pregenomic RNA encapsidation. However, the LMV-resistant virus harboring compensatory core mutations remains sensitive to capsid assembly modulators (CpAMs). Taken together, our study suggests that the enhanced HBV nucleocapsid formation resulting from core mutations represents an important viral strategy to surmount the antiviral drug pressure and contribute to viral pathogenesis, and CpAMs hold promise for developing the combinational antiviral therapy for hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Junjie Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jiming Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOH & MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Haitao Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Seo HW, Seo JP, Jung G. Heat shock protein 70 and heat shock protein 90 synergistically increase hepatitis B viral capsid assembly. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2892-2898. [PMID: 30115382 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can cause chronic liver diseases, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are important factors in the formation of the HBV capsid and in genome replication during the viral life cycle. Hsp90 is known to promote capsid assembly. However, the functional roles of Hsp70 in HBV capsid assembly with Hsp90 have not been studied so far. Using microscale thermophoresis analyses and in vitro nucleocapsid formation assays, we found that Hsp70 bound to a HBV core protein dimer and facilitated HBV capsid assembly. Inhibition of Hsp70 by methylene blue (MB) led to a decrease in capsid assembly. Moreover, Hsp70 inhibition reduced intracellular capsid formation and HBV virus particle number in HepG2.2.15 cells. Furthermore, we examined synergism between Hsp70 and Hsp90 on HBV capsid formation in vitro. Our results clarify the role of Hsp70 in HBV capsid formation via an interaction with core dimers and in synergistically promoting capsid assembly with Hsp90.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Wook Seo
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-747, South Korea
| | - Joon Pyung Seo
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-747, South Korea
| | - Guhung Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-747, South Korea.
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21
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de Souza TLF, de Lima SMB, Braga VLDA, Peabody DS, Ferreira DF, Bianconi ML, Gomes AMDO, Silva JL, de Oliveira AC. Charge neutralization as the major factor for the assembly of nucleocapsid-like particles from C-terminal truncated hepatitis C virus core protein. PeerJ 2016; 4:e2670. [PMID: 27867765 PMCID: PMC5111903 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein, in addition to its structural role to form the nucleocapsid assembly, plays a critical role in HCV pathogenesis by interfering in several cellular processes, including microRNA and mRNA homeostasis. The C-terminal truncated HCV core protein (C124) is intrinsically unstructured in solution and is able to interact with unspecific nucleic acids, in the micromolar range, and to assemble into nucleocapsid-like particles (NLPs) in vitro. The specificity and propensity of C124 to the assembly and its implications on HCV pathogenesis are not well understood. METHODS Spectroscopic techniques, transmission electron microscopy and calorimetry were used to better understand the propensity of C124 to fold or to multimerize into NLPs when subjected to different conditions or in the presence of unspecific nucleic acids of equivalent size to cellular microRNAs. RESULTS The structural analysis indicated that C124 has low propensity to self-folding. On the other hand, for the first time, we show that C124, in the absence of nucleic acids, multimerizes into empty NLPs when subjected to a pH close to its isoelectric point (pH ≈ 12), indicating that assembly is mainly driven by charge neutralization. Isothermal calorimetry data showed that the assembly of NLPs promoted by nucleic acids is enthalpy driven. Additionally, data obtained from fluorescence correlation spectroscopy show that C124, in nanomolar range, was able to interact and to sequester a large number of short unspecific nucleic acids into NLPs. DISCUSSION Together, our data showed that the charge neutralization is the major factor for the nucleocapsid-like particles assembly from C-terminal truncated HCV core protein. This finding suggests that HCV core protein may physically interact with unspecific cellular polyanions, which may correspond to microRNAs and mRNAs in a host cell infected by HCV, triggering their confinement into infectious particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Luiz Ferraz de Souza
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa L. de Azevedo Braga
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - David S. Peabody
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Cancer Research and Treatment Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, United States
| | - Davis Fernandes Ferreira
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M. Lucia Bianconi
- Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andre Marco de Oliveira Gomes
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jerson Lima Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andréa Cheble de Oliveira
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Abstract
Viruses and their protein capsids can be regarded as biologically evolved nanomachines able to perform multiple, complex biological functions through coordinated mechano-chemical actions during the infectious cycle. The advent of nanoscience and nanotechnology has opened up, in the last 10 years or so, a vast number of novel possibilities to exploit engineered viral capsids as protein-based nanoparticles for multiple biomedical, biotechnological or nanotechnological applications. This chapter attempts to provide a broad, updated overview on the self-assembly and engineering of virus capsids, and on applications of virus-based nanoparticles. Different sections provide outlines on: (i) the structure, functions and properties of virus capsids; (ii) general approaches for obtaining assembled virus particles; (iii) basic principles and events related to virus capsid self-assembly; (iv) genetic and chemical strategies for engineering virus particles; (v) some applications of engineered virus particles being developed; and (vi) some examples on the engineering of virus particles to modify their physical properties, in order to improve their suitability for different uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio G Mateu
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Gulati A, Alapati K, Murthy A, Savithri HS, Murthy MR. Structural studies on tobacco streak virus coat protein: Insights into the pleomorphic nature of ilarviruses. J Struct Biol 2016; 193:95-105. [PMID: 26706030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco streak virus (TSV), the type member of Ilarvirus genus, is a major plant pathogen. TSV purified from infected plants consists of a ss-RNA genome encapsidated in spheroidal particles with diameters of 27, 30 and 33nm constructed from multiple copies of a single species of coat protein (CP) subunits. Apart from protecting the viral genome, CPs of ilarviruses play several key roles in the life cycle of these viruses. Unlike the related bromo and cucumoviruses, ilarvirus particles are labile and pleomorphic, which has posed difficulties in their crystallization and structure determination. In the current study, a truncated TSV-CP was crystallized in two distinct forms and their structures were determined at resolutions of 2.4Å and 2.1Å, respectively. The core of TSV CP was found to possess the canonical β-barrel jelly roll tertiary structure observed in several other viruses. Dimers of CP with swapped C-terminal arms (C-arm) were observed in both the crystal forms. The C-arm was found to be flexible and is likely to be responsible for the polymorphic and pleomorphic nature of TSV capsids. Consistent with this observation, mutations in the hinge region of the C-arm that reduce the flexibility resulted in the formation of more uniform particles. TSV CP was found to be structurally similar to that of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) accounting for similar mechanism of genome activation in alfamo and ilar viruses. This communication represents the first report on the structure of the CP from an ilarvirus.
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Qiao X, Jeon J, Weber J, Zhu F, Chen B. Construction of a novel coarse grain model for simulations of HIV capsid assembly to capture the backbone structure and inter-domain motions in solution. Data Brief 2015; 5:506-12. [PMID: 26629495 PMCID: PMC4631880 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2015.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We show the construction of a novel coarse grain model for simulations of HIV capsid assembly based on four structural models of HIV capsid proteins: isolated hexamer 3H47.pdb, tubular assembly 3J34.pdb, isolated pentamer 3P05.pdb and C-terminus dimer 2KOD.pdb. The data demonstrates the derivation of inter-domain motions from all atom Molecular Dynamics simulations and comparison with the motions derived from the analysis of solution NMR results defined in 2M8L.pdb. Snapshots from a representative Monte Carlo simulation with 128 dimeric subunit proteins based on 3J34.pdb are shown in addition to the quantitative analysis of its assembly pathway. Movies of the assembly process are compiled with snapshots of representative simulations of four structural models. The methods and data in this article were utilized in Qiao et al. (in press) [1] to probe the mechanism of polymorphism and curvature control of HIV capsid assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qiao
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Jaekyun Jeon
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Jeff Weber
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Fangqiang Zhu
- Department of Physics, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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Qiao X, Jeon J, Weber J, Zhu F, Chen B. Mechanism of polymorphism and curvature of HIV capsid assemblies probed by 3D simulations with a novel coarse grain model. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:2353-67. [PMID: 26318016 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the maturation process, HIV capsid proteins self-assemble into polymorphic capsids. The strong polymorphism precludes high resolution structural characterization under in vivo conditions. In spite of the determination of structural models for various in vitro assemblies of HIV capsid proteins, the assembly mechanism is still not well-understood. METHODS We report 3D simulations of HIV capsid proteins by a novel coarse grain model that captures the backbone of the rigid segments in the protein accurately. The effects of protein dynamics on assembly are emulated by a static ensemble of subunits in conformations derived from molecular dynamics simulation. RESULTS We show that HIV capsid proteins robustly assemble into hexameric lattices in a range of conditions where trimers of dimeric subunits are the dominant oligomeric intermediates. Variations of hexameric lattice curvatures are observed in simulations with subunits of variable inter-domain orientations mimicking the conformation distribution in solution. Simulations with subunits based on pentameric structural models lead to assembly of sharp curved structures resembling the tips of authentic HIV capsids, along a distinct pathway populated by tetramers and pentamers with the characteristic quasi-equivalency of viral capsids. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the polymorphism assembly is triggered by the inter-domain dynamics of HIV capsid proteins in solution. The assembly of highly curved structures arises from proteins in conformation with a highly specific inter-domain orientation. SIGNIFICANCE Our work proposes a mechanism of HIV capsid assembly based on available structural data, which can be readily verified. Our model can be applied to other large biomolecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Qiao
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Jaekyun Jeon
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Jeff Weber
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Fangqiang Zhu
- Department of Physics, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, 4000 Central Florida Blvd, Orlando, FL 32816, USA.
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