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Huang Y, Wu S, Li J, He C, Cheng Y, Li N, Wang Y, Wu Y, Zhang J. Self-Amplified pH/ROS Dual-Responsive Co-Delivery Nano-System with Chemo-Photodynamic Combination Therapy in Hepatic Carcinoma Treatment. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:3737-3751. [PMID: 38699684 PMCID: PMC11063489 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s453199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Chemo-photodynamic combination therapy has demonstrated significant potential in the treatment of cancer. Triptolide (TPL), a naturally derived anticancer agent, when combined with the photosensitizer Chlorin e6 (Ce6), has shown to provide enhanced anti-tumor benefits. However, the development of stimuli-responsive nanovehicles for the co-delivery of TPL and Ce6 could further enhance the efficacy of this combination therapy. Methods In this study, we synthesized a pH/ROS dual-responsive mPEG-TK-PBAE copolymer, which contains a pH-sensitive PBAE moiety and a ROS-sensitive thioketal (TK) linkage. Through a self-assembly process, TPL and Ce6 were successfully co-loaded into mPEG-TK-PBAE nanoparticles, hereafter referred to as TPL/Ce6 NPs. We evaluated the pH- and ROS-sensitive drug release and particle size changes. Furthermore, we investigated both the in vitro suppression of cellular proliferation and induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cells, as well as the in vivo anti-tumor efficacy of TPL/Ce6 NPs in H22 xenograft nude mice. Results The mPEG-TK-PBAE copolymer was synthesized through a one-pot Michael-addition reaction and successfully co-encapsulated both TPL and Ce6 by self-assembly. Upon exposure to acid pH values and high ROS levels, the payloads in TPL/Ce6 NPs were rapidly released. Notably, the abundant ROS generated by the released Ce6 under laser irradiation further accelerated the degradation of the nanosystem, thereby amplifying the tumor microenvironment-responsive drug release and enhancing anticancer efficacy. Consequently, TPL/Ce6 NPs significantly increased PDT-induced oxidative stress and augmented TPL-induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells, leading to synergistic anticancer effects in vitro. Moreover, administering TPL/Ce6 NPs (containing 0.3 mg/kg of TPL and 4 mg/kg of Ce6) seven times, accompanied by 650 nm laser irradiation, efficiently inhibited tumor growth in H22 tumor-bearing mice, while exhibiting lower systemic toxicity. Conclusion Overall, we have developed a tumor microenvironment-responsive nanosystem for the co-delivery of TPL and Ce6, demonstrating amplified synergistic effects of chemo-photodynamic therapy (chemo-PDT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuyang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, SAR, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenglin He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- Chengdu University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Macau Center for Research and Development in Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yihan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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Huang X, Chen Y, Zhong F, Gui B, Hu Y, Guo Y, Deng Q, Zhou Q. Targeted Ultrasound Nanobubbles Therapy for Prostate Cancer via Immuno-Sonodynamic Effect. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:2793-2806. [PMID: 38525011 PMCID: PMC10959301 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s451179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PCa) poses a significant global health threaten. Immunotherapy has emerged as a novel strategy to augment the inhibition of tumor proliferation. However, the sole use of anti-PD-L1 Ab for PCa has not yielded improvements, mirroring outcomes observed in other tumor types. Methods This study employed the thin film hydration method to develop lipid nanobubbles (NBs) encapsulating chlorin e6 (Ce6) and anti-PD-L1 Ab (Ce6@aPD-L1 NBs). Our experimental approach included cellular assays and mouse immunization, providing a comprehensive evaluation of Ce6@aPD-L1 NBs' impact. Results The Ce6@aPD-L1 NBs effectively induced reactive oxygen species generation, leading to tumor cells death. In mice, they demonstrated a remarkable enhancement of immune responses compared to control groups. These immune responses encompassed immunogenic cell death induced by sonodynamic therapy and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, activating dendritic cells maturation and effectively stimulating CD8+T cells. Conclusion Ce6@aPD-L1 NBs facilitate tumor-targeted delivery, activating anti-tumor effects through direct sonodynamic therapy action and immune system reactivation in the tumor microenvironment. Ce6@aPD-L1 NBs exhibit substantial potential for achieving synergistic anti-cancer effects in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yueying Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fanglu Zhong
- Department of Ultrasound, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Gui
- Department of Ultrasound, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yugang Hu
- Department of Ultrasound, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Guo
- Department of Ultrasound, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Deng
- Department of Ultrasound, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, People’s Republic of China
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Li H, Dou Y, Yang H, Xing H, Zhu C, Wang T, Xuan Z, Yang M. Ce6-modified Fe ions-doped carbon dots as multifunctional nanoplatform for ferroptosis and photodynamic synergistic therapy of melanoma. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:100. [PMID: 38462597 PMCID: PMC10924998 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02346-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the higher sensitivity of melanoma towards ferroptosis and photodynamic therapy (PDT), the lack of efficient ferroptosis inducers and the poor solubility of photosensitizers restrict their synergistic strategies. With unique advantages, carbon dots (CDs) are expected to serve as innovative building blocks for combination therapy of cancers. RESULTS Herein, an ferroptosis/PDT integrated nanoplatform for melanoma therapy is constructed based on chlorin e6-modified Fe ions-doped carbon dots (Fe-CDs@Ce6). As a novel type of iron-carbon hybrid nanoparticles, the as-prepared Fe-CDs can selectively activate ferroptosis, prevent angiogenesis and inhibit the migration of mouse skin melanoma cells (B16), but have no toxicity to normal cells. The nano-conjugated structures facilitate not only the aqueous dispersibility of Ce6, but also the self-accumulation ability of Fe-CDs@Ce6 within melanoma area without requiring extra targets. Moreover, the therapeutic effects of Fe-CDs@Ce6 are synergistically enhanced due to the increased GSH depletion by PDT and the elevated singlet oxygen (1O2) production efficiency by Fe-CDs. When combined with laser irradiation, the tumor growth can be significantly suppressed by Fe-CDs@Ce6 through cyclic administration. The T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) capability of Fe-CDs@Ce6 also reveals their potentials for cancer diagnosis and navigation therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate the multifunctionality of Fe-CDs@Ce6 in effectively combining ferroptosis/PDT therapy, tumor targeting and MRI imaging, which enables Fe-CDs@Ce6 to become promising biocompatible nanoplatform for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiu Li
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yichen Dou
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanlin Xing
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaopeng Xuan
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingxi Yang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130031, People's Republic of China.
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
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Sun Q, Suo Y, Lv H, Wang Q, Yin H. Porphin e6 complex loaded with gold nanorod mesoporous silica enhances photodynamic therapy in ovarian cancer cells in vitro. Lasers Med Sci 2023; 38:115. [PMID: 37133615 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03784-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A growing amount of experimental evidence has proven that the application of gold nanorods (AuNRs) in photodynamic therapy (PDT) can significantly enhance its therapeutic efficacy. The aim of this study was to establish a protocol for investigating the effect of gold nanorods loaded with the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) on photodynamic therapy in the OVCAR3 human ovarian cancer cell line in vitro and to determine whether the PDT effect was different from that of Ce6 alone. OVCAR3 cells were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, Ce6-PDT group, and AuNRs@SiO2@Ce6-PDT group. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by a fluorescence microplate reader. Cell apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of apoptotic proteins was detected by immunofluorescence and western blotting. The results showed that compared with that of the Ce6-PDT group, the cell viability of the AuNRs@SiO2@Ce6-PDT group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner, and ROS production increased significantly (P < 0.05). The flow cytometry results showed that the proportion of apoptotic cells in the AuNRs@SiO2@Ce6-PDT group was significantly higher than that in the Ce6-PDT group (P < 0.05). Immunofluorescence and western blot results showed that the protein expression levels of cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP, and Bax in the AuNRs@SiO2@Ce6-PDT-treated-OVCAR3 cells were higher than those in the Ce6-PDT-treated cells (P < 0.05), and the protein expression levels of caspase-3, caspase-9, PARP, and Bcl-2 were slightly lower than those in the Ce6-PDT group (P < 0.05). In summary, our results show that AuNRs@SiO2@Ce6-PDT has a significantly stronger effect on OVCAR3 cells than the effect of Ce6-PDT alone. The mechanism may be related to the expression of Bcl-2 family and caspase family in the mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuping Suo
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, 030012, Shanxi, China.
| | - Haoxuan Lv
- Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030012, Shanxi, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030012, Shanxi, China
| | - Hanzhen Yin
- Core Laboratory, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital (Fifth Hospital) of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030012, China
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Yu C, Wang N, Chen X, Jiang Y, Luan Y, Qin W, He W. A photodynamic-mediated glutamine metabolic intervention nanodrug for triple negative breast cancer therapy. Mater Today Bio 2023; 19:100577. [PMID: 36846308 PMCID: PMC9950525 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
"Glutamine addiction" is a unique feature of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which has a higher demand for glutamine and is more susceptible to glutamine depletion. Glutamine can be hydrolyzed to glutamate by glutaminase (GLS) for synthesis of glutathione (GSH), which is an important downstream of glutamine metabolic pathways in accelerating TNBC proliferation. Consequently, glutamine metabolic intervention suggests potential therapeutic effects against TNBC. However, the effects of GLS inhibitors are hindered by glutamine resistance and their own instability and insolubility. Therefore, it is of great interest to harmonize glutamine metabolic intervention for an amplified TNBC therapy. Unfortunately, such nanoplatform has not been realized. Herein, we reported a self-assembly nanoplatform (BCH NPs) with a core of the GLS inhibitor Bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) ethyl sulfide (BPTES) and photosensitizer Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and a shell of human serum albumin (HSA), enabling effective harmonization of glutamine metabolic intervention for TNBC therapy. BPTES inhibited the activity of GLS to block the glutamine metabolic pathways, thereby inhibiting the production of GSH to amplify the photodynamic effect of Ce6. While Ce6 not only directly killed tumor cells by producing excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), but also deplete GSH to destroy redox balance, thus enhancing the effects of BPTES when glutamine resistance occurred. BCH NPs effectively eradicated TNBC tumor and suppressed tumor metastasis with favorable biocompatibility. Our work provides a new insight for photodynamic-mediated glutamine metabolic intervention against TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cancan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Ningning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xiangwu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yuxia Luan
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Shandong University Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong, University, Jinan 250012, China,Corresponding author. Wen Qin
| | - Wenxiu He
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Technology Research and Evaluation of Drug Products, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China,Corresponding author. Wenxiu He School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China.
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Liao S, Cai M, Zhu R, Fu T, Du Y, Kong J, Zhang Y, Qu C, Dong X, Ni J, Yin X. Antitumor Effect of Photodynamic Therapy/Sonodynamic Therapy/Sono-Photodynamic Therapy of Chlorin e6 and Other Applications. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:875-885. [PMID: 36689197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Chlorin e6 (Ce6) has been extensively researched and developed as an antitumor therapy. Ce6 is a highly effective photosensitizer and sonosensitizer with promising future applications in photodynamic therapy, dynamic acoustic therapy, and combined acoustic and light therapy for tumors. Ce6 is also being studied for other applications in fluorescence navigation, antibacterials, and plant growth regulation. Here we review the role and research status of Ce6 in tumor therapy and the problems and challenges of its clinical application. Other biomedical effects of Ce6 are also briefly discussed. Despite the difficulties in clinical application, Ce6 has significant advantages in photodynamic therapy (PDT)/sonodynamic therapy (SDT) against cancer and offers several possibilities in clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilang Liao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Mengru Cai
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Rongyue Zhu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Tingting Fu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yuji Du
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jiahui Kong
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Changhai Qu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiaoxv Dong
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 102488, China
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Shrestha R, Lee HJ, Lim J, Gurung P, Thapa Magar TB, Kim YT, Lee K, Bae S, Kim YW. Effect of Photodynamic Therapy with Chlorin e6 on Canine Tumors. Life (Basel) 2022; 12. [PMID: 36556469 DOI: 10.3390/life12122102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This work aims to prepare pure Chlorin e6 (Ce6) and establish Ce6-mediated photodynamic therapy (Ce6-PDT) as a better therapy option for canine tumors as well as mouse tumor models. Five dogs suffering from various cancers were treated with Ce6-PDT from one to several times. After receiving the Ce6 (2.5 mg/kg) for 3 h, tumors were illuminated superficially or interstitially with 660 nm light. Two dogs underwent Ce6-guided fluorescence imaging by photodynamic diagnosis (PDD). Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by the 4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and western blot assay, respectively. Ce6-PDT efficacy was also determined using melanoma and pancreatic cancer mouse models. Two veterinary patients with mammary carcinoma and histiocytic sarcoma had their tumors significantly diminished and showed improved health after receiving Ce6-PDT. Moreover, in the cases of canine tumors, the adjunctive use of Ce6-PDD revealed cancers that were not visible with white light viewing and provided a visual contrast from surrounding tissues. Also, in vivo, Ce6-PDT remarkably reduced melanoma and pancreatic tumors in the mouse model. These findings could pave the way for a better understanding of the underlying processes of Ce6-PDT, making it an effective and safe candidate for use in human and veterinary applications to abolish various cancers.
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Vieira P, Jesus V, Cândido MA, Pacheco-Soares C, Castilho M, Raniero L. Specific nanomarkers fluorescence in vitro analysis for EGFR overexpressed cells in triple-negative breast cancer and malign glioblastoma. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102997. [PMID: 35781094 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR receptor) is encoded by the EGFR gene. EGFR receptor signaling pathways are activated by EGF protein, regulating cell actions. Overexpression of EGFR receptor may be linked to malignancies with a poor prognosis. As a result, EGFR receptor is being studied for a variety of tumor diagnostics, spurring the development of innovative approaches to increase quality and efficiency. Nanomaterials can recognize cancer cells by specifically targeting of molecular pathways, underscoring the importance of nanomedicine. In this study, we synthesized EGFR-specific nanomarkers by functionalizing EGF protein and Chlorin e6 in gold nanoparticles. These nanoparticles use active targeting to deliver EGF protein to EGFR receptor, and Chlorin e6 serves as a fluorescent marker molecule METHODS: : Nanomarkers were examined in vitro in MDA-MB-468 and M059J cell lines. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry were used to examine the distribution, uptake, internalization, and fluorescence intensity of nanomarkers in vitro RESULTS: : The results show that both lines examined accumulate nanomarkers. However, MDA-MB-468 had the highest intensity due to its EGFR receptor overexpression properties CONCLUSION: : The findings point to ideal properties for detecting EGFR receptor overexpressed cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Vieira
- Nanosensors Laboratory, Research & Development Institute, Vale do Paraíba University, 12244-000, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Viviane Jesus
- Nanosensors Laboratory, Research & Development Institute, Vale do Paraíba University, 12244-000, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcela Aparecida Cândido
- Nanosensors Laboratory, Research & Development Institute, Vale do Paraíba University, 12244-000, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Cristina Pacheco-Soares
- Dynamics of Cellular Compartments Laboratory, Research & Development Institute, Vale do Paraíba University, 12244-000, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Maiara Castilho
- Bionanotechnology Laboratory, Research & Development Institute, Vale do Paraíba University, 12244-000, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Leandro Raniero
- Nanosensors Laboratory, Research & Development Institute, Vale do Paraíba University, 12244-000, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Yu L, Wang Z, Mo Z, Zou B, Yang Y, Sun R, Ma W, Yu M, Zhang S, Yu Z. Synergetic delivery of triptolide and Ce6 with light-activatable liposomes for efficient hepatocellular carcinoma therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2004-2015. [PMID: 34386334 PMCID: PMC8343191 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been known as the second common leading cancer worldwide, as it responds poorly to both chemotherapy and medication. Triptolide (TP), a diterpenoid triepoxide, is a promising treatment agent for its effective anticancer effect on multiple cancers including HCC. However, its clinical application has been limited owing to its severe systemic toxicities, low solubility, and fast elimination in the body. Therefore, to overcome the above obstacles, photo-activatable liposomes (LP) integrated with both photosensitizer Ce6 and chemotherapeutic drug TP (TP/Ce6-LP) was designed in the pursuit of controlled drug release and synergetic photodynamic therapy in HCC therapy. The TP encapsulated in liposomes accumulated to the tumor site due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Under laser irradiation, the photosensitizer Ce6 generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and further oxidized the unsaturated phospholipids. In this way, the liposomes were destroyed to release TP. TP/Ce6-LP with NIR laser irradiation (TP/Ce6-LP+L) showed the best anti-tumor effect both in vitro and in vivo on a patient derived tumor xenograft of HCC (PDXHCC). TP/Ce6-LP significantly reduced the side effects of TP. Furthermore, TP/Ce6-LP+L induced apoptosis through a caspase-3/PARP signaling pathway. Overall, TP/Ce6-LP+L is a novel potential treatment option in halting HCC progression with attenuated toxicity.
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Key Words
- ALT, liver-related alanine aminotransferase
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- BCA, bicinchoninic acid
- BUN, blood urea nitrogen
- CK, creatine kinase
- CK-MB, creatine kinase-MB
- CLSM, confocal laser scanning microscopy
- Ce6
- Chol, cholesterol
- Cr, creatinine
- DEE, drug encapsulation efficiency
- DLC, drug loading content
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- DSPG, distearoyl phosphatidylglycerole
- Dox, doxorubicin
- EPR, enhanced permeability and retention
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FCM, flow cytometry
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- Hepatocellular carcinoma
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- LP, liposomes
- NIR, near-infrared
- PDT, photodynamic therapy
- PDX model
- PDX, patient-derived xenograft
- PDXHCC, patient derived tumor xenograft of HCC
- PI, propidium iodide
- Photo-activatable liposomes
- Photosensitizer
- Process of photodynamic therapy
- Pt, platinum
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- So, sorafenib
- Synergetic delivery
- TEM, transmission electron microscope
- TP, triptolide
- TP/Ce6-LP, liposomes integrated with both photosensitizer Ce6 and chemotherapeutic drug TP
- TUNEL, dT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling
- Triptolide
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhenjie Wang
- The People's Hospital of Gaozhou, Maoming 525200, China
| | - Zhuomao Mo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Binhua Zou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Rui Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wen Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Meng Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
- Corresponding authors.
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10
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Lin C, Tong F, Liu R, Xie R, Lei T, Chen Y, Yang Z, Gao H, Yu X. GSH-responsive SN38 dimer-loaded shape-transformable nanoparticles with iRGD for enhancing chemo-photodynamic therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:2348-2361. [PMID: 33354506 PMCID: PMC7745177 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate tumor targeting, deep penetration and superb retention are still the main pursuit of developing excellent nanomedicine. To achieve these requirements, a stepwise stimuli-responsive strategy was developed through co-administration tumor penetration peptide iRGD with shape-transformable and GSH-responsive SN38-dimer (d-SN38)-loaded nanoparticles (d-SN38@NPs/iRGD). Upon intravenous injection, d-SN38@NPs with high drug loading efficiency (33.92 ± 1.33%) could effectively accumulate and penetrate into the deep region of tumor sites with the assistance of iRGD. The gathered nanoparticles simultaneously transformed into nanofibers upon 650 nm laser irradiation at tumor sites so as to promote their retention in the tumor and burst release of reactive oxygen species for photodynamic therapy. The loaded d-SN38 with disulfide bond responded to the high level of GSH in tumor cytoplasm, which consequently resulted in SN38 release and excellent chemo-photodynamic effect on tumor. In vitro, co-administering iRGD with d-SN38@NPs+laser showed higher cellular uptake, apoptosis ratio and multicellular spheroid penetration. In vivo, d-SN38@NPs/iRGD+laser displayed advanced penetration and accumulation in tumor, leading to 60.89% of tumor suppression in 4T1 tumor-bearing mouse model with a favorable toxicity profile. Our new strategy combining iRGD with structural transformable nanoparticles greatly improves tumor targeting, penetrating and retention, and empowers anticancer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congcong Lin
- Department of Radiology, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Medicine Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Fan Tong
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Rou Xie
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yuxiu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhihang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 28 85502532.
| | - Xiangrong Yu
- Department of Radiology, Zhuhai People's Hospital, Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Corresponding authors. Tel./fax: +86 28 85502532.
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11
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Jia T, Wang Z, Sun Q, Dong S, Xu J, Zhang F, Feng L, He F, Yang D, Yang P, Lin J. Intelligent Fe-Mn Layered Double Hydroxides Nanosheets Anchored with Upconversion Nanoparticles for Oxygen-Elevated Synergetic Therapy and Bioimaging. Small 2020; 16:e2001343. [PMID: 33107221 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Multimodal synergistic therapy based on photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has attracted increasing attention in cancer therapy. However, the scant therapeutic efficiency is always a barrier for further application. Herein, a smart tumor microenvironment (TME) responsive nanocatalysts are developed by adopting Fe-Mn layered double hydroxides (FeMn-LDH) as an effective photothermal nanocarrier to load mesoporous silica and chlorin e6 (Ce6)-covalently coated upconversion nanoparticles (UCSP) for multimodal imaging for directed therapy. Under acidic TME, FeMn-LDH degrades into Fe3+ and Mn2+ ions to initiate a Fenton-like reaction inducing CDT and enhancing magnetic resonance imaging. Additionally, Fe3+ can decompose H2 O2 to oxygen (O2 ), enhancing PDT guided by UCSP. As a representative noninvasive imaging probe, the upconversion luminescence will recover after decomposition of FeMn-LDH, and provide high-resolution upconversion luminescent imaging guidance for pinpointed PDT. Moreover, the photothermal properties of FeMn-LDH can further enhance CDT effects. The synergistic therapy and multifunctional imaging can realize the integration of diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shuming Dong
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jiating Xu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Fangmei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Lili Feng
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Fei He
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Dan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Piaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Jun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
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12
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Ni J, Song J, Wang B, Hua H, Zhu H, Guo X, Xiong S, Zhao Y. Dendritic cell vaccine for the effective immunotherapy of breast cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 126:110046. [PMID: 32145586 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer vaccine is widely considered as a powerful tool in immunotherapy. In particular, the effective antigen processing and presentation natures of dendritic cell (DC) have made it a promising target for the development of therapeutic vaccine for cancer treatment. Here in our study, a versatile cancer cell membrane (CCM) coated calcium carbonate (CC) nanoparticles (MC) that capable of generating in situ tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) for DC vaccination is developed. Low-dose doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox) could be encapsulated in the CC core of MC to trigger immunogenic cell death (ICD) while chlorins e6 (Ce6), a commonly adopted photosensitizer, was loaded in the CCM of MC for effective photodynamic therapy (PDT) through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to finally construct the vaccine (MC/Dox/Ce6). Most importantly, our in-depth study revealed the treatment of MC/Dox/Ce6 was able to elicit TAAs population and DC recruitment, triggering the following immune response cascade. In particular, the recruited DC cells could be stimulated in situ for effective vaccinations. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments suggested the capability of this all-in-one DDS to enhance DCs maturation to finally result in effective inhibition of both primary and distant growth of breast cancer upon single administration of low dose Dox and Ce6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Ni
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University (Original Area of Wuxi Third People's Hospital), China
| | - Jinfang Song
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University (Original Area of Wuxi Third People's Hospital), China
| | - Bei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University (Original Area of Wuxi Third People's Hospital), China
| | - Haiying Hua
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University (Original Area of Wuxi Third People's Hospital), China
| | - Huanhuan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University (Original Area of Wuxi Third People's Hospital), China
| | - Xiaoqiang Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University (Original Area of Wuxi Third People's Hospital), China
| | - Shuming Xiong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University (Original Area of Wuxi Third People's Hospital), China
| | - Yiqing Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University (Original Area of Wuxi Third People's Hospital), China.
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13
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Zeng D, Wang L, Tian L, Zhao S, Zhang X, Li H. Synergistic photothermal/photodynamic suppression of prostatic carcinoma by targeted biodegradable MnO 2 nanosheets. Drug Deliv 2019; 26:661-672. [PMID: 31257941 PMCID: PMC6610525 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2019.1631409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The biodegradability and clearance of metal-based nanomaterials have been questioned worldwide, which have greatly limited their clinical translation. Herein, ultrathin manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanosheets with broad near-infrared (NIR) absorption and pH-dependent degradation properties were prepared. After being modified with polyethylene glycol-cyclic arginine-glycineaspartic acid tripeptide (PEG-cRGD), the MnO2 nanosheets were then used as photothermal agent and nanocarrier to encapsulate chlorin e6 (Ce6) for targeted photothermal (PTT) and photodynamic (PDT) of cancer. As expected, the MnO2-PEG-cRGD nanosheets show high Ce6 loading capacity (351 mg/g), superb photothermal conversion performance (37.2%) and excellent colloidal stability. These nanosheets also exhibit pH-dependent and NIR-induced Ce6 release. Furthermore, the MnO2 nanosheets can be degraded by reacting with hydrogen peroxide in the acidic microenvironment, which are able to elevate the oxygen concentration in situ and thus reverses the tumor hypoxia. Thanks to these favorable properties and the cRGD-mediated tumor-targeted ability, the fabricated MnO2-PEG-cRGD/Ce6 nanocomposites can be effectively up taken by alpha-v beta-3 (αvβ3) integrin over-expressed prostatic carcinoma PC3 cells and achieve favorable therapeutic outcomes under a single 660 nm NIR laser, which is also verified by in vitro studies. The biodegradable MnO2-PEG-cRGD/Ce6 nanosheets developed in this work can be a promising nanoplatform for synergetic PTT/PDT cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewang Zeng
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Guizhou Population and Family Planning Science Research and Technology Guidance Institute, Guiyang, China
| | - Lu Tian
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shili Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianfeng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Yue J, Liang L, Shen Y, Guan X, Zhang J, Li Z, Deng R, Xu S, Liang C, Shi W, Xu W. Investigating Dynamic Molecular Events in Melanoma Cell Nucleus During Photodynamic Therapy by SERS. Front Chem 2019; 6:665. [PMID: 30746359 PMCID: PMC6360157 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the uptake of photosensitizers by cancer cells and the irradiation of a light with a specific wavelength to trigger a series of photochemical reactions based on the generation of reactive oxygen, leading to cancer cell death. PDT has been widely used in various fields of biomedicine. However, the molecular events of the cancer cell nucleus during the PDT process are still unclear. In this work, a nuclear-targeted gold nanorod Raman nanoprobe combined with surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy (SERS) was exploited to investigate the dynamic intranuclear molecular changes of B16 cells (a murine melanoma cell line) treated with a photosensitizer (Chlorin e6) and the specific light (650 nm). The SERS spectra of the cell nucleus during the PDT treatment were recorded in situ and the spectroscopic analysis of the dynamics of the nucleus uncovered two main events in the therapeutic process: the protein degradation and the DNA fragmentation. We expect that these findings are of vital significance in having a better understanding of the PDT mechanism acting on the cancer cell nucleus and can further help us to design and develop more effective therapeutic platforms and methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lijia Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Guan
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- Key Lab for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chongyang Liang
- Institute of Frontier Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Key Lab for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weiqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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15
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Hu X, Tian H, Jiang W, Song A, Li Z, Luan Y. Rational Design of IR820- and Ce6-Based Versatile Micelle for Single NIR Laser-Induced Imaging and Dual-Modal Phototherapy. Small 2018; 14:e1802994. [PMID: 30474224 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201802994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phototherapy as a promising cancer diagnostic and therapeutic strategy has aroused extensive attention. However, single-wavelength near-infrared (NIR) light-triggered combinational treatment of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) is still a great challenge. Herein, a multifunctional micelle activated by a single-wavelength laser for simultaneous PTT and PDT as well as fluorescence imaging is developed. Briefly, new indocyanine green (IR820) is conjugated to d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) via the linker 6-aminocaproic acid, and then, chlorin e6 (Ce6) is encapsulated into the micelles formed by TPGS-IR820 conjugates to fabricate TPGS-IR820/Ce6 micelles. As the well-designed TPGS-IR820 conjugate shares a similar peak absorption wavelength with Ce6, this micelle can be applied with a single NIR laser (660 nm). The stable micelles exhibit excellent photothermal conversion efficiency in vitro and in vivo as well as high singlet oxygen generation capacity in tumor cells. After efficient cellular internalization, the as-prepared micelles display outstanding anticancer activity upon single NIR laser irradiation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, TPGS-IR820/Ce6 micelles show negligible systemic toxicity. The highly safe and effective TPGS-IR820/Ce6 micelles can offer an innovative strategy to construct single NIR light-induced PTT and PDT combined phototherapy nanoplatforms via suitable modification of organic phototherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Hailong Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Wei Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Aixin Song
- Key Laboratory of Colloid & Interface Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghao Li
- Key Laboratory of Colloid & Interface Chemistry (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yuxia Luan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, P. R. China
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16
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Paul S, Heng PWS, Chan LW. Improvement in dissolution rate and photodynamic efficacy of chlorin e6 by sucrose esters as drug carrier in nanosuspension formulation: optimisation and in vitro characterisation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 70:1152-1163. [PMID: 29943465 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chlorin e6 is a poorly water-soluble photoactive drug. Its monomers form aggregates at the tumour physiological pH, which drastically reduces its photodynamic efficacy. This study aimed to improve the dissolution rate and photodynamic efficacy of chlorin e6 by nanosuspension formulation using biodegradable sucrose esters as drug carrier. METHODS A modified emulsion-solvent diffusion method was used to prepare the nanosuspension, where amount of Ce6, ratio of sucrose monopalmitate to sucrose monolaurate as carrier and ratio of dichloromethane to acetone as solvent, were varied using central composite design. Particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug release characteristics of the nanosuspensions were evaluated. The formulation was optimised by response surface methodology and its photodynamic efficacy evaluated. KEY FINDINGS The optimised nanosuspension had mean particle size of ~200 nm, 88% drug encapsulation efficiency and faster drug release compared to pure Ce6. Spectroscopic studies showed that Ce6 exists in monomeric form in the carrier, which facilitated a remarkable increase in cellular uptake, in vitro singlet oxygen generation and cytotoxicity to oral squamous carcinoma cells. CONCLUSIONS The dissolution rate and photodynamic efficacy of Ce6 were markedly improved by formulating the drug as a nanosuspension with sucrose esters as drug carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhajit Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Paul Wan Sia Heng
- GEANUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lai Wah Chan
- GEANUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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17
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Yang X, Wang D, Shi Y, Zou J, Zhao Q, Zhang Q, Huang W, Shao J, Xie X, Dong X. Black Phosphorus Nanosheets Immobilizing Ce6 for Imaging-Guided Photothermal/Photodynamic Cancer Therapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:12431-12440. [PMID: 29564897 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In preclinical and clinical research, to destroy cancers, particularly those located in deep tissues, is still a great challenge. Photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy are promising alternative approaches for tissue cancer curing. Black phosphorus (BP)-based nanomaterials, with broad UV-vis near-infrared absorbance and excellent photothermal effect, have shown great potential in biomedical applications. Herein, a biocompatible therapeutic platform, chlorin e6 (Ce6)-decorated BP nanosheets (NSs), has been developed for fluorescence and thermal imaging-guided photothermal and photodynamic synergistic cancer treatment. Taking advantage of the relatively high surface area of exfoliated BP NSs, the PEG-NH2-modified BP NSs (BP@PEG) are loaded with a Ce6 photosensitizer. The resulted BP@PEG/Ce6 NSs not only have good biocompatibility, physiological stability, and tumor-targeting property but also exhibit enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency (43.6%) compared with BP@PEG NSs (28.7%). In addition, BP@PEG/Ce6 NSs could efficiently generate reactive oxygen species because of the release of the Ce6 photosensitizer, which is also verified by in vitro studies. In vivo fluorescence imaging suggests that BP@PEG/Ce6 NSs can accumulate in the tumor targetedly through the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Both in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that BP@PEG/Ce6 can be a promising nanotheranostic agent for synergetic photothermal/photodynamic cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Wei Huang
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE) , Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU) , 127 West Youyi Road , Xi'an 710072 , China
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18
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Jalde SS, Chauhan AK, Lee JH, Chaturvedi PK, Park JS, Kim YW. Synthesis of novel Chlorin e6-curcumin conjugates as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy against pancreatic carcinoma. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 147:66-76. [PMID: 29421571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.01.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin (cur) has been comprehensively studied for its various biological properties, more precisely for its antitumor potential and it has shown the promising results as well. On the other hand, Chlorin e6 (Ce6) has mostly been used as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT) against a variety of carcinomas. In the present study, we have synthesized a series of Chlorin e6-curcumin (Ce6-cur) conjugates and investigated their photosensitizing potential against pancreatic cancer cell lines. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by UV, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and LC-MS. These Ce6-cur conjugates showed better physicochemical properties and higher singlet oxygen generation capability. The cellular uptake was studied in AsPC-1 cells using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Compound 17 was rapidly internalized within 30 min and sustained for 24 h. Compound 17 showed excellent PDT efficacy with IC50 of 40, 35 and 41 nM against AsPC-1, MIA PaCa-2 and PANC-1 respectively with exceptional dark/phototoxicity ratio in the range of 2371-7500. Moreover, the treatment of compound 17 upregulated the expression of BAX, Cytochrome-C and cleaved caspase 9 while downregulating the Bcl-2 expression an anti-apoptotic protein marker. These results demonstrate outstanding capability of compound 17 as a potent photosensitizer which could improve the PDT efficacy in pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivakumar S Jalde
- Daegu Cancer Center, Research and Development Unit of Dongsung Pharmaceuticals Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Anil Kumar Chauhan
- Daegu Cancer Center, Research and Development Unit of Dongsung Pharmaceuticals Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Lee
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Pankaj Kumar Chaturvedi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chungbuk National University, College of Medicine, Cheongju, 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon-Suk Park
- Laboratory Animal Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Wan Kim
- Daegu Cancer Center, Research and Development Unit of Dongsung Pharmaceuticals Daegu, 41061, Republic of Korea.
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Chu WY, Tsai MH, Peng CL, Shih YH, Luo TY, Yang SJ, Shieh MJ. pH-Responsive Nanophotosensitizer for an Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy of Colorectal Cancer Overexpressing EGFR. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:1432-1444. [PMID: 29498860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been shown to kill cancer cells and improve survival and quality of life in cancer patients, and numerous new approaches have been considered for maximizing the efficacy of PDT. In this study, a new multifunctional nanophotosensitizer Ce6/GE11-(pH)micelle was developed to target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpressing colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. This nanophotosensitizer was synthesized using a micelle comprising pH-responsive copolymers (PEGMA-PDPA), biodegradable copolymers (mPEG-PCL), and maleimide-modified biodegradable copolymers (Mal-PEG-PCL) to entrap the potential hydrophobic photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) and to present EGFR-targeting peptides (GE11) on its surface. In the presence of Ce6/GE11-(pH)micelles, Ce6 uptake by EGFR-overexpressing CRC cells significantly increased due to GE11 specificity. Moreover, Ce6 was released from Ce6/GE11-(pH)micelles in tumor environments, leading to improved elimination of cancer cells in PDT. These results indicate enhanced efficacy of PDT using Ce6/GE11-(pH)micelle, which is a powerful nanophotosensitizer with high potential for application to future PDT for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Chu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Tsai
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Liang Peng
- Isotope Application Division , Institute of Nuclear Energy Research , P.O. Box 3-27, Longtan, Taoyuan 325 , Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hsia Shih
- Isotope Application Division , Institute of Nuclear Energy Research , P.O. Box 3-27, Longtan, Taoyuan 325 , Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Yueh Luo
- Isotope Application Division , Institute of Nuclear Energy Research , P.O. Box 3-27, Longtan, Taoyuan 325 , Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jyuan Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road , Taipei 100 , Taiwan.,Gene'e Tech Co. Ltd. 2F., No. 661, Bannan Road , Zhonghe Dist., New Taipei City 235 , Taiwan.,Apius Bio Inc. 1F., No. 92, Daxin Street , Yonghe Dist., New Taipei City 234 , Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jium Shieh
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine and College of Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Section 1, Jen-Ai Road , Taipei 100 , Taiwan.,Department of Oncology , National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine , No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
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Zhang C, Cheng X, Chen M, Sheng J, Ren J, Jiang Z, Cai J, Hu Y. Fluorescence guided photothermal/photodynamic ablation of tumours using pH-responsive chlorin e6-conjugated gold nanorods. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 160:345-54. [PMID: 28961542 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal/photodynamic therapies (PTT/PDT) have been widely accepted as non-invasive therapeutic modalities to erase tumours. However, both therapies face the problem of precisely locating tumours and reducing their side effects. Herein, chlorin e6 conjugated gold nanorod, (Ce6-PEG-AuNR), a type of gold nanorod-photosensitizer conjugate, is designed as a kind of nano-therapeutic agent to simultaneously realize combined PTT/PDT. Compared to free Ce6, the fluorescence of Ce6 adhered to the conjugate is effectively quenched by the longitudinal surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of in the Ce6-PEG-AuNR. However, the specific fluorescence of Ce6 can be recovered in tumour tissue when Ce6 is separated from the conjugate owing to the cleavage of hydrazone bond between Ce6 and PEG caused by intracellular acidic conditions in tumour tissue. Based on this effect, we can precisely locate tumours and further kill cancer cells by combined PTT/PDT. In addition, the combined therapy (PTT/PDT) function is more efficient in cancer treatment than that of PTT or PDT alone. Therefore, Ce6-PEG-AuNR can serve as a promising dual-modal phototherapeutic agent as well as a tumour-sensitive fluorescent probe to diagnose and treat cancer.
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Wong BS, Yoong SL, Jagusiak A, Panczyk T, Ho HK, Ang WH, Pastorin G. Carbon nanotubes for delivery of small molecule drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2013; 65:1964-2015. [PMID: 23954402 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the realm of drug delivery, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have gained tremendous attention as promising nanocarriers, owing to their distinct characteristics, such as high surface area, enhanced cellular uptake and the possibility to be easily conjugated with many therapeutics, including both small molecules and biologics, displaying superior efficacy, enhanced specificity and diminished side effects. While most CNT-based drug delivery system (DDS) had been engineered to combat cancers, there are also emerging reports that employ CNTs as either the main carrier or adjunct material for the delivery of various non-anticancer drugs. In this review, the delivery of small molecule drugs is expounded, with special attention paid to the current progress of in vitro and in vivo research involving CNT-based DDSs, before finally concluding with some consideration on inevitable complications that hamper successful disease intervention with CNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sheng Wong
- Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, S4 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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