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Ciurescu IA, Lencioni R, Stemmer SM, Farbstein M, Harpaz Z, Bareket-Samish A, Silverman MH, Fishman P. A long‑term complete response to namodenoson in liver cancer with Child‑Pugh B cirrhosis: A case report. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:263. [PMID: 38756903 PMCID: PMC11097268 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Established treatments for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with Child-Pugh cirrhosis B (CPB, moderate hepatic dysfunction) are lacking. A recently published randomized phase 2 study in CPB HCC investigating the safety and efficacy of namodenoson (25 mg BID), an A3 adenosine-receptor agonist vs. placebo, suggested a favorable safety profile and a positive efficacy signal in patients with HCC with a CPB score of 7 (CPB7). The present study reports a 61-year-old woman with CPB7 HCC who received namodenoson for over 6 years through this study and its open-label extension. Computed tomography scans demonstrated partial and complete responses after 7 weeks and 4 years of treatment, respectively. Low albumin levels (31 g/l) and elevated baseline levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase (68 U/l and 44 U/l, respectively) were reported. After 4 weeks of treatment, these levels normalized and were stable for over 6 years. No treatment-emergent adverse events were noted. At the time of reporting, the response is ongoing as manifested by imaging studies and liver function evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Riccardo Lencioni
- Department of Radiology, Pisa University School of Medicine, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Radiology, Miami Cancer Institute, Miami, FL 33176, USA
| | - Salomon M. Stemmer
- Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva 4941492, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Aviv University, Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | | | - Zivit Harpaz
- Can-Fite BioPharma Ltd., Petah Tikva 49170, Israel
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Stefanini B, Bucci L, Santi V, Reggidori N, Lani L, Granito A, Pelizzaro F, Cabibbo G, Di Marco M, Ghittoni G, Campani C, Svegliati-Baroni G, Foschi FG, Giannini EG, Biasini E, Saitta C, Magalotti D, Sangiovanni A, Guarino M, Gasbarrini A, Rapaccini GL, Masotto A, Sacco R, Vidili G, Mega A, Azzaroli F, Nardone G, Brandi G, Sabbioni S, Vitale A, Trevisani F. Sorafenib and Metronomic Capecitabine in Child-Pugh B patients with advanced HCC: A real-life comparison with best supportive care. Dig Liver Dis 2024:S1590-8658(24)00242-1. [PMID: 38341377 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2024.01.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The efficacy of systemic therapy for unresectable advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (aHCC) has not been proven in patients with Child-Pugh (C-P) B cirrhosis. Nevertheless, in real-world these patients are treated both with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and with metronomic capecitabine (MC). This study aimed to compare sorafenib and MC outcomes versus best supportive care (BSC) in C-P B patients. METHOD Between 2008 and 2020, among 774 C-P B patients with aHCC not amenable/responsive to locoregional treatments, 410 underwent sorafenib, 62 MC, and 302 BSC. The propensity score matching method was used to correct the baseline unbalanced prognostic factors. RESULTS In the unmatched population, median OS was 9.7 months in patients treated with sorafenib, 8.0 with MC, and 3.9 months with BSC. In sorafenib vs. BSC-matched patients (135 couples), median OS was 7.3 (4.9-9.6) vs. 3.9 (2.6-5.2) months (p<0.001). ECOG-Performance Status, tumor size, macrovascular invasion, AFP, treatment-naive, and sorafenib were independent predictors of survival. In MC vs. BSC-matched patients (40 couples), median OS was 9.0 (0.2-17.8) vs.3.0 (2.2-3.8) months (p<0.001). Median OS did not differ (p = 0.283) in sorafenib vs. MC-matched patients (55 couples). CONCLUSION C-P B patients with aHCC undergoing BSC have poor survival. Both Sorafenib and MC treatment improve their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Stefanini
- Unit of Semeiotics, Liver and Alcohol-related diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Bucci
- Unit of Semeiotics, Liver and Alcohol-related diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Santi
- Unit of Semeiotics, Liver and Alcohol-related diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Reggidori
- Unit of Semeiotics, Liver and Alcohol-related diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Lani
- Unit of Semeiotics, Liver and Alcohol-related diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Granito
- Division of Internal Medicine, Hepatobiliary Diseases and Immunoallergology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Filippo Pelizzaro
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cabibbo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother & Child Care, Internal Medicine & Medical Specialties, PROMISE, Gastroenterology & Hepatology Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudia Campani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Edoardo G Giannini
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Gastroenterology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Biasini
- Infectious Diseases and Hepatology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Saitta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical and Molecular Hepatology Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Donatella Magalotti
- Division of Internal Medicine, Neurovascular and Hepatometabolic Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Angelo Sangiovanni
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale maggiore Policlinico and C.R.C. "A.M. & A. Migliavacca Center for Liver Disease", Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Guarino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome
| | | | - Alberto Masotto
- Gastroenterology Unit, Ospedale Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, Negrar, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Sacco
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, Foggia University Hospital, Foggia, Italy
| | - Gianpaolo Vidili
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, Clinica Medica Unit, University of Sassari, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Andrea Mega
- Gastroenterology Unit, Bolzano Regional Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Francesco Azzaroli
- Gastroenterology Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gerardo Nardone
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Hepato-Gastroenterology Unit, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Brandi
- Unit of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Sabbioni
- Unit of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Vitale
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Franco Trevisani
- Unit of Semeiotics, Liver and Alcohol-related diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Unit of Semeiotics, Liver and Alcohol-related diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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Kikugawa C, Uchikawa S, Kawaoka T, Kinami T, Yano S, Amioka K, Naruto K, Ando Y, Yamaoka K, Tsuge M, Kosaka Y, Ohya K, Mori N, Takaki S, Tsuji K, Kouno H, Kohno H, Morio K, Moriya T, Nonaka M, Aisaka Y, Masaki K, Honda Y, Naeshiro N, Hiramatsu A, Aikata H, Oka S. Outcomes of Patients with Child-Pugh B and Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma Undergoing First-Line Systemic Treatment with Sorafenib, Lenvatinib, or Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab. Oncology 2023; 102:239-251. [PMID: 37729889 DOI: 10.1159/000533859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic therapy is recommended for patients with Child-Pugh A in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We analyzed the outcomes of a cohort of patients with HCC who received either sorafenib (Sor), lenvatinib (Len) or atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atezo + Bev) as first-line systemic therapy for HCC, with the aim of identifying prognostic factors for survival. METHODS A total of 825 patients with advanced HCC and Child-Pugh A or B received either Sor, Len or Atezo + Bev as first-line systemic therapy. Liver function was assessed according to the Child-Pugh score and the modified albumin-bilirubin (mALBI) grade. RESULTS Prognosis was analyzed according to liver function such as Child-Pugh classifications, scores, and mALBI grades that worsened with a decline in liver function (p <0.001 for all). A Child-Pugh score of 7 was a factor significantly associated with OS. In patients with a Child-Pugh score of 7, an mALBI grade of 3 was an independent predictor of OS. In Child-Pugh B patients with HCC, receiving Atezo + Bev was identified as a factor associated with PFS. CONCLUSION Determining the hepatic reserve of patients with unresectable HCC might be useful for identifying patents suitable for systemic treatment for HCC. Atezo + Bev might prolong the PFS of patients with a Child-Pugh score of 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Kikugawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan,
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan,
| | - Shinsuke Uchikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Kawaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kinami
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Shigeki Yano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Kei Amioka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Kensuke Naruto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuwa Ando
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenji Yamaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Masataka Tsuge
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
| | - Yumi Kosaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital and Atomic Bomb Survivors Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuki Ohya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital and Atomic Bomb Survivors Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nami Mori
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital and Atomic Bomb Survivors Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shintaro Takaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital and Atomic Bomb Survivors Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keiji Tsuji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima Red Cross Hospital and Atomic Bomb Survivors Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kouno
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kohno
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kei Morio
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chugoku Rosai Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Moriya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chugoku Rosai Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Michihiro Nonaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, JA Hiroshima General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Aisaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, JA Hiroshima General Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keiichi Masaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima City Asa Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yohji Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima City Asa Citizens Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Noriaki Naeshiro
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Higashihiroshima Medical Center, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akira Hiramatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima Memorial Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aikata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hiroshima Prefectural Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shiro Oka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
- Research Center for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
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Ohama H, Hiraoka A, Tada T, Hirooka M, Kariyama K, Tani J, Atsukawa M, Takaguchi K, Itobayashi E, Fukunishi S, Tsuji K, Ishikawa T, Tajiri K, Ochi H, Yasuda S, Toyoda H, Ogawa C, Nishimura T, Hatanaka T, Kakizaki S, Shimada N, Kawata K, Naganuma A, Kosaka H, Matono T, Shibata H, Aoki T, Tada F, Nouso K, Morishita A, Tsutsui A, Nagano T, Itokawa N, Okubo T, Arai T, Imai M, Koizumi Y, Nakamura S, Iijima H, Kaibori M, Hiasa Y, Kudo M, Kumada T. Comparison between Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab and Lenvatinib for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Child-Pugh Class B in Real-World Clinical Settings. Oncology 2023; 101:542-552. [PMID: 37552968 DOI: 10.1159/000530028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic treatment is generally recommended for Child-Pugh (CP) A status patients with an unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). This study aimed to elucidate differences regarding therapeutic efficacy between lenvatinib (LEN), a multi-molecular target agent, and atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Atez/Bev), a newly developed immune-combined therapeutic regimen for CP-B patients affected by uHCC. METHODS From April 2018 to July 2022, 128 patients with uHCC treated with Atez/Bev (n = 29) or LEN (n = 99) as the initial systemic treatment were enrolled (median age 71 years; males 97; CP score 7:8:9 = 94:28:6; median albumin-bilirubin score -1.71). Therapeutic response was evaluated using RECIST, version 1.1. Clinical features and prognosis were retrospectively examined. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the Atez/Bev and LEN groups in regard to best response (CR:PR:SD:PD = 0:5:12:7 vs. 5:22:25:20, p = 0.415), progression-free survival (PFS) (median 5.0 [95% CI: 2.4-7] vs. 5.5 [95% CI: 3.4-7.9] months, p = 0.332), or overall survival (OS) (5.8 [95% CI: 4.3-11] vs. 8.8 [95% CI: 6.1-12.9] months, p = 0.178). Adverse events (any grade/≥ grade 3) were observed in 72.4%/17.2% (n = 21/5) of patients treated with Atez/Bev and 78.8%/25.3% (n = 78/25) of those treated with LEN (p = 0.46/0.46). DISCUSSION This retrospective study found no significant differences regarding PFS or OS between CP-B patients given Atez/Bev or LEN as initial systemic treatment for uHCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideko Ohama
- Gastroenterology Center, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hiraoka
- Gastroenterology Center, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Tada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Himeji Hospital, Himeji, Japan
| | - Masashi Hirooka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kariyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Joji Tani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Masanori Atsukawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Takaguchi
- Department of Hepatology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Ei Itobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Asahi General Hospital, Asahi, Japan
| | - Shinya Fukunishi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Tsuji
- Center of Gastroenterology, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toru Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kazuto Tajiri
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Hironori Ochi
- Hepato-biliary Center, Japanese Red Cross Matsuyama Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Hidenori Toyoda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Chikara Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Japanese Red Cross Takamatsu Hospital, Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hatanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Gunma Saiseikai Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Satoru Kakizaki
- Department of Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Takasaki General Medical Center, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Noritomo Shimada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Otakanomori Hospital, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Kawata
- Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine II, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Atsushi Naganuma
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Takasaki General Medical Center, Takasaki, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kosaka
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Shibata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokushima Prefectural Central Hospital, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomoko Aoki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fujimasa Tada
- Gastroenterology Center, Ehime Prefectural Central Hospital, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nouso
- Department of Gastroenterology, Okayama City Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Asahiro Morishita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kagawa University, Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Akemi Tsutsui
- Department of Hepatology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Takuya Nagano
- Department of Hepatology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Takamatsu, Japan
| | - Norio Itokawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomomi Okubo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taeang Arai
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michitaka Imai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Saiseikai Niigata Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yohei Koizumi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Himeji Hospital, Himeji, Japan
| | - Hiroko Iijima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Masaki Kaibori
- Department of Surgery, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Japan
| | - Yoichi Hiasa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kudo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Kumada
- Department of Nursing, Gifu Kyoritsu University, Ogaki, Japan
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Costa F, Wiedenmann B, Roderburg C, Mohr R, Abou‐Alfa GK. Systemic treatment in patients with Child-Pugh B liver dysfunction and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Med 2023; 12:13978-13990. [PMID: 37162288 PMCID: PMC10358256 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major cause of death among patients with liver cirrhosis. The rise of immuno-oncology has revolutionized treatment for advanced HCC. However, most pivotal randomized controlled trials have excluded patients with moderate liver dysfunction (Child-Pugh-Turcotte B), despite the high incidence of liver disease in patients with HCC at the time of diagnosis. Overall survival in patients with HCC and moderate liver dysfunction treated with sorafenib has been found to be only approximately 3-5 months, underlining the need for improved treatment algorithms for this increasingly important subgroup of patients. In this review, we summarize available data on the treatment of patients with HCC and moderate liver dysfunction. Opportunities, as well as clinical challenges, are discussed in detail, highlighting potential changes to the therapeutic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bertram Wiedenmann
- Department of Hepatology and GastroenterologyCharité University HospitalBerlinGermany
| | - Christoph Roderburg
- Clinic for Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious DiseasesUniversity Hospital DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Raphael Mohr
- Department of Hepatology and GastroenterologyCharité University HospitalBerlinGermany
| | - Ghassan K. Abou‐Alfa
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Weill Medical School at Cornell UniversityNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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Hiroshima Y, Wakatsuki M, Kaneko T, Makishima H, Okada NN, Yasuda S, Ishikawa H, Tsuji H. Clinical impact of carbon-ion radiotherapy on hepatocellular carcinoma with Child-Pugh B cirrhosis. Cancer Med 2023. [PMID: 37162312 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with Child-Pugh (CP)-B not eligible for surgery nor other focal therapy options due to impaired liver function, have very limited treatment options. This study aims to retrospectively investigate the toxicity and efficacy of Carbon-ion radiotherapy (C-ion RT) on HCC with CP-B patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with CP-B, no extrahepatic metastasis, and treated with C-ion RT between May 2000 and March 2020 were retrospectively extracted and included in this study. RESULTS Sixty-nine lesions of 58 patients were included. The median follow-up duration was 20.5 (2.7-108) months. During follow-up, recurrence was observed in 43 patients, including 2 local recurrences and 39 intrahepatic recurrences beyond the irradiation field. A grade 3 acute hepatotoxicity was observed in one patient during the observation period. No acute or late adverse event of grade ≥4 was observed. Overall survival was 80.4% and 46.0% at 1 and 2 years, respectively, and the median survival time was 22.6 months. Local control rate was 96.4% at both 1 and 2 years, and progression-free survival was 38.6% and 6.9% at 1 and 2 years, respectively, with a median of 9.7 months. CONCLUSION The C-ion RT showed low toxicity and good local effect in patients with HCC and CP-B. Therefore, C-ion RT could be an appropriate treatment for patients with HCC with poor liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Hiroshima
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Sciences and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masaru Wakatsuki
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Sciences and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Kaneko
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Sciences and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Makishima
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Sciences and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naomi Nagatake Okada
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Sciences and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shigeo Yasuda
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Sciences and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Chiba Rosai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishikawa
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Sciences and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuji
- QST Hospital, National Institutes for Quantum Sciences and Technology, Chiba, Japan
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Li T, Guo J, Liu Y, Du Z, Guo Z, Fan Y, Cheng L, Zhang Y, Gao X, Zhao Y, He X, Wu W, Gao N, Wu Y, Li J, Zhang Y, Kang W, Cai Z, Wang W, Li X, Zan Y, Nguyen MH, Ji F. Effectiveness and tolerability of camrelizumab combined with molecular targeted therapy for patients with unresectable or advanced HCC. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023:10.1007/s00262-023-03404-8. [PMID: 36840762 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-023-03404-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of effective programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)-targeted immunotherapy with good tolerability in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and severely compromised liver function. We assessed patient outcomes after combined camrelizumab and molecular targeted therapy in a multicenter cohort study in China. The study included 99 patients with advanced HCC (58 Child-Pugh A and 41 Child-Pugh B), 84 of them received camrelizumab combined with molecular targeted therapy from January 10, 2019, to March 31, 2021. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and adverse events (AEs) were assessed. The median follow-up was 12.1 months. For patients with Child-Pugh B, the OS probability at 12-months, ORR and DCR were 49.7%, 31.7% and 65.9%, respectively, and the median PFS was 5.1 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 3.0-7.1], which were comparable with Child-Pugh A patients, although median OS was shorter in Child-Pugh B patients (20.5 vs.13.4 months, P = 0.12). In multivariate analysis, macrovascular infiltration (MVI), but not sex, age, hepatitis B virus etiology, extrahepatic metastasis, Child-Pugh B, or AFP > 400 ng/ml, was associated with 12-months OS [hazard ratio (HR) 2.970, 95% CI 1.276-6.917, P = 0.012] and ORR (HR 2.906, 95% CI 1.18-7.16, P = 0.020). Grade 3/4 immune-related AEs occurred in 26.8% of Child-Pugh B patients, including one potentially treatment-related death. In both groups, the most common AEs were immune thrombocytopenia and hepatotoxicity. Camrelizumab combined with targeted therapy showed favorable effectiveness and tolerability with manageable toxicities in Chinese HCC patients, regardless of Child-Pugh A/B liver function. MVI was associated with suboptimal immunotherapy response and poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jiang Guo
- Department of Oncology Interventional Radiology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Yushen Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Zhaoqing Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Zhaoyang Guo
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yangwei Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Long Cheng
- Department of Oncology Interventional Radiology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yunyu Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xinyuan He
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wenhua Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ning Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yinying Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Wen Kang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710038, China
| | - Zhifang Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Ying Zan
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.157 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Mindie H Nguyen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University Medical Center, 750 Welch Road, Suite 210, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
| | - Fanpu Ji
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 157 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi Province, China. .,National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China. .,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, China.
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Huynh J, Cho MT, Kim EJH, Ren M, Ramji Z, Vogel A. Lenvatinib in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma who progressed to Child-Pugh B liver function. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221116608. [PMID: 36051472 PMCID: PMC9425881 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221116608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lenvatinib is an approved first-line treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC). We evaluated the safety and efficacy of lenvatinib versus sorafenib in patients with uHCC who deteriorated to Child-Pugh class B (CP-B) on treatment. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients from REFLECT who deteriorated to CP-B versus those who remained Child-Pugh class A (CP-A) within 8 weeks after randomization. Best overall response and objective response rate (ORR) per modified Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (mRECIST) were assessed from baseline. Progression-free survival (PFS) per mRECIST and overall survival (OS) were assessed beginning at week 8. Results: Patients with CP-B versus CP-A classification receiving lenvatinib had ORRs of 28.3 and 42.9%, respectively; patients with CP-B versus CP-A classification receiving sorafenib had ORRs of 8.5 and 12.9%, respectively. Median PFS and OS (landmark analyses beginning at week 8) in patients receiving lenvatinib were 3.7 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.8–7.4] and 6.8 months (95% CI: 2.6–10.3) in the CP-B subgroup versus 6.5 months (95% CI: 5.6–7.4) and 13.3 months (95% CI: 11.6–16.1) in the CP-A subgroup, respectively. Median PFS and OS in patients receiving sorafenib were 0.5 months (95% CI: 0.1–3.6) and 4.5 months (95% CI: 2.9–6.1) in the CP-B subgroup versus 3.6 months (95% CI: 2.7–3.7) and 12.0 months (95% CI: 10.2–14.0) in the CP-A subgroup, respectively. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events in the lenvatinib cohort were hypertension (both subgroups) and decreased appetite (CP-B subgroup). Conclusion: Results suggest that patients with uHCC whose liver function deteriorates to CP-B after initiation of therapy may continue to receive lenvatinib. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01761266, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01761266.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Huynh
- University of California Davis Comprehensive Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - May Thet Cho
- University of California Irvine Health, Orange, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Arndt Vogel
- Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg- Straße 1, Hannover 30625, Germany
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Rimassa L, Personeni N, Czauderna C, Foerster F, Galle P. Systemic treatment of HCC in special populations. J Hepatol 2021; 74:931-43. [PMID: 33248171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have seen significant progress in the systemic treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including the advent of immunotherapy. While several large phase III trials have provided the evidence for a multi-line treatment paradigm, they have focused on a highly selected group of patients by excluding potentially confounding comorbidities. As a result, high quality evidence for the systemic treatment of HCC in patients with various comorbidities is missing. This review summarises current knowledge on the use of approved medicines in patients with HIV, autoimmune disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, fibrolamellar HCC, mixed HCC-cholangiocarcinoma, decompensated cirrhosis (Child-Pugh B and C), a significant bleeding history, vascular invasion or portal vein thrombosis, as well as the elderly, those on haemodialysis, and those after solid organ transplantation. The article highlights relevant knowledge gaps and current clinical challenges. To improve the safety and efficacy of HCC treatment in these subgroups, future trials should be designed to specifically include patients with comorbidities.
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Kim HD, Bang Y, Lee MA, Kim JW, Kim JH, Chon HJ, Kang B, Kang MJ, Kim I, Cheon J, Hwang JE, Kang JH, Byeon S, Hong JY, Ryoo BY, Lim HY, Yoo C. Regorafenib in patients with advanced Child-Pugh B hepatocellular carcinoma: A multicentre retrospective study. Liver Int 2020; 40:2544-2552. [PMID: 32563213 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regorafenib is an approved agent in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who progressed on sorafenib, but little is known about its clinical outcomes in Child-Pugh B patients. We aimed to investigate the safety and effectiveness of regorafenib in Child-Pugh B HCC patients. METHODS This multicentre retrospective study included 59 patients with Child-Pugh B HCC who received regorafenib. Comparative analyses were performed with an independent cohort of Child-Pugh class A patients from the same registry (n = 440). RESULTS The median age was 58 years (range, 19-83). All patients had progression on prior sorafenib. Regorafenib was given as 2nd line, and 3rd-4th line systemic therapy in 37 (62.7%) and 22 (37.3%) patients respectively. Compared to Child-Pugh A cohort, grade 3-4 AEs were more common in the Child-Pugh B cohort (27.1% vs 14.1%, P = .017). The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 1.8 and 4.6 months, respectively, and these were significantly poorer than the Child-Pugh A cohort (P = .008 and P < .001 respectively). Child-Pugh B patients with albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade 3 had a significantly higher frequency of increased bilirubin (P = .01 for any grade and P = .01 for grade 3-4) and showed significantly poorer OS (P = .021), compared to those with ALBI grade 1 or 2. CONCLUSION Regorafenib's poor clinical outcomes and increased frequency of severe adverse events lead us to discourage its use in the Child-Pugh B population. In particular, regorafenib should not be used in Child-Pugh B patients with ALBI grade 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Don Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeonghak Bang
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Ah Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Won Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hong Jae Chon
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bundang CHA Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Beodeul Kang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bundang CHA Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Myoung Joo Kang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Ilhwan Kim
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University College of Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea
| | - Jaekyung Cheon
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, Korea
| | - Jun-Eul Hwang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jung Hun Kang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Seonggyu Byeon
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Yong Hong
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Baek-Yeol Ryoo
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ho Yeong Lim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Changhoon Yoo
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Berardi G, Morise Z, Sposito C, Igarashi K, Panetta V, Simonelli I, Kim S, Goh BKP, Kubo S, Tanaka S, Takeda Y, Ettorre GM, Wilson GC, Cimino M, Chan CY, Torzilli G, Cheung TT, Kaneko H, Mazzaferro V, Geller DA, Han HS, Kanazawa A, Wakabayashi G, Troisi RI. Development of a nomogram to predict outcome after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in Child-Pugh B cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2020; 72:75-84. [PMID: 31499131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Treatment allocation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on a background of Child-Pugh B (CP-B) cirrhosis is controversial. Liver resection has been proposed in small series with acceptable outcomes, but data are limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of patients undergoing liver resection for HCC in CP-B cirrhosis, focusing on the surgical risks and survival. METHODS Patients were retrospectively pooled from 14 international referral centers from 2002 to 2017. Postoperative and oncological outcomes were investigated. Prediction models for surgical risks, disease-free survival and overall survival were constructed. RESULTS A total of 253 patients were included, of whom 57.3% of patients had a preoperative platelet count <100,000/mm3, 43.5% had preoperative ascites, and 56.9% had portal hypertension. A minor hepatectomy was most commonly performed (84.6%) and 122 (48.2%) were operated on by minimally invasive surgery (MIS). Ninety-day mortality was 4.3% with 6 patients (2.3%) dying from liver failure. One hundred and eight patients (42.7%) experienced complications, of which the most common was ascites (37.5%). Patients undergoing major hepatectomies had higher 90-day mortality (10.3% vs. 3.3%; p = 0.04) and morbidity rates (69.2% vs. 37.9%; p <0.001). Patients undergoing an open hepatectomy had higher morbidity (52.7% vs. 31.9%; p = 0.001) than those undergoing MIS. A prediction model for surgical risk was constructed (https://childb.shinyapps.io/morbidity/). The 5-year overall survival rate was 47%, and 56.9% of patients experienced recurrence. Prediction models for overall survival (https://childb.shinyapps.io/survival/) and disease-free survival (https://childb.shinyapps.io/DFsurvival/) were constructed. CONCLUSIONS Liver resection should be considered for patients with HCC and CP-B cirrhosis after careful selection according to patient characteristics, tumor pattern and liver function, while aiming to minimize surgical stress. An estimation of the surgical risk and survival advantage may be helpful in treatment allocation, eventually improving postoperative morbidity and achieving safe oncological outcomes. LAY SUMMARY Liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma in advanced cirrhosis (Child-Pugh B score) is associated with a high rate of postoperative complications. However, due to the limited therapeutic alternatives in this setting, recent studies have shown promising results after accurate patient selection. In our international multicenter study, we provide 3 clinical models to predict postoperative surgical risks and long-term survival following liver resection, with the aim of improving treatment allocation and eventually clinical outcomes.
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Fuji H, Seo S, Toda R, Yoh T, Ikeno Y, Fukumitsu K, Ishii T, Taura K, Hatano E, Kaido T, Uemoto S. Optimal introduction of laparoscopic liver resection for Child-Pugh B. Asian J Endosc Surg 2019; 12:287-293. [PMID: 30133178 DOI: 10.1111/ases.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Surgery for Child-Pugh B liver function is considered risky because of its high morbidity rate and the acceptable indication criteria for laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) for Child-Pugh B patients have not been identified. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to determine the optimal introduction of LLR for Child-Pugh B patients based on our single-institute experience. METHODS A total of 17 Child-Pugh B patients underwent LLR between 2005 and 2017. Their clinical outcomes were compared to those of LLR for Child-Pugh A patients (103 cases), conventional open liver resection for Child-Pugh B patients (19 cases), and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for Child-Pugh B patients (20 cases) during the same period. RESULTS LLR for Child-Pugh B patients had a significantly higher conversion rate than LLR for Child-Pugh A patients (Child-Pugh A vs B: 3.9% vs 35.3%, P < 0.01). However, patients who successfully underwent laparoscopic resection (11 cases) had fewer postoperative ascites and shorter postoperative hospital stays compared to patients who underwent conventional open liver resection. In comparison to the RFA group, the LLR group more frequently had lesions in the left lateral segment (LLR vs RFA: 50.0% vs 10.0%, P = 0.02) and exophytic tumor (21.4% vs 0%, P = 0.02) than did the RFA group. Also, compared to the RFA group, the LLR group had a lower local recurrence rate (0% vs 15%, P = 0.25) and a longer recurrence-free survival (P = 0.049), but the overall survival was similar between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS In the treatment of Child-Pugh B liver malignancy, the minimal invasiveness of LLR was revealed. Our results suggest that lesions in the left lateral segment and exophytic tumors are good indications for LLR for Child-Pugh B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Fuji
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoru Seo
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rei Toda
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Yoh
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Ikeno
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Fukumitsu
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takamichi Ishii
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kojiro Taura
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Etsuro Hatano
- Department of Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Toshimi Kaido
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinji Uemoto
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Bae SH, Park HC, Yoon WS, Yoon SM, Jung IH, Lee IJ, Kim JW, Seong J, Kim TH, Nam TK, Choi Y, Lee SY, Jang HS, Lee DS, Kim JH. Treatment Outcome after Fractionated Conformal Radiotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Child-Pugh Classification B in Korea (KROG 16-05). Cancer Res Treat 2019; 51:1589-1599. [PMID: 30971065 PMCID: PMC6790850 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2018.687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose There is limited data on radiotherapy (RT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with Child-Pugh classification B (CP-B). This study aimed to evaluate the treatment outcomes of fractionated conformal RT in HCC patients with CP-B. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the data of HCC patients with CP-B treated with RT between 2009 and 2014 at 13 institutions in Korea. HCC was diagnosed by the Korea guideline of 2009, and modern RT techniques were applied. Fraction size was ≤ 5 Gy and the biologically effective dose (BED) ≥ 40 Gy10 (α/β = 10 Gy). A total of 184 patients were included in this study. Results Initial CP score was seven in 62.0% of patients, eight in 31.0%, and nine in 7.0%. Portal vein tumor thrombosis was present in 66.3% of patients. The BED ranged from 40.4 to 89.6 Gy10 (median, 56.0 Gy10). After RT completion, 48.4% of patients underwent additional treatment. The median overall survival (OS) was 9.4 months. The local progression-free survival and OS rates at 1 year were 58.9% and 39.8%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, non-classic radiation-induced liver disease (RILD) (p < 0.001) and additional treatment (p < 0.001) were the most significant prognostic factors of OS. Among 132 evaluable patients without progressive disease, 19.7% experienced non-classic RILD. Normal liver volume was the most predictive dosimetric parameter of non-classic RILD. Conclusion Fractionated conformal RT showed favorable OS with a moderate risk non-classic RILD. The individual radiotherapy for CP-B could be cautiously applied weighing the survival benefits and the RILD risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Hyun Bae
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Hee Chul Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Sup Yoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - Sang Min Yoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Hye Jung
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ik Jae Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Won Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinsil Seong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hyun Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Center for Liver Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Taek-Keun Nam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Youngmin Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sun Young Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Hong Seok Jang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Leal CRG, Magalhães C, Barbosa D, Aquino D, Carvalho B, Balbi E, Pacheco L, Perez R, de Tarso Pinto P, Setubal S. Survival and tolerance to sorafenib in Child-Pugh B patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective study. Invest New Drugs 2018; 36:911-8. [PMID: 29948358 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-018-0621-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sorafenib has been widely used to treat unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) but most studies have been done in Child-Pugh A (CP-A) patients with well-preserved liver function. We evaluated the overall survival (OS) and tolerance to sorafenib in a large cohort of Child-Pugh B (CP-B) HCC patients as compared to CP-A HCC patients. We prospectively studied 130 patients with advanced HCC who started sorafenib between January 2011 and December 2015. Patients were classified as CP-A (n = 65) or CP-B (n = 65). The average OS for all 130 patients was 10 months. CP-A patients had a median survival rate significantly longer than CP-B patients: 12 months vs. 6 months. The OS found in our group of CP-B patients was 6.5 months, which is higher than that found in most studies done so far. When stratified, our CP-B patients had better OS than ever reported. The dose of the drug was interrupted due to adverse events (AEs) in 38 (29%) of the patients, of whom 20 (30%) were CP-A patients and 18 (28%) were CP-B patients. This real-life cohort of CP-B HCC patients treated with sorafenib had a higher survival than that described in the literature, with a satisfactory safety profile. Despite the high prevalence of severe AEs in CP-B patients, there were fewer treatment interruptions in this group, indicating that Child-Pugh B patients can tolerate treatment and may benefit from sorafenib.
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Culleton S, Jiang H, Haddad CR, Kim J, Brierley J, Brade A, Ringash J, Dawson LA. Outcomes following definitive stereotactic body radiotherapy for patients with Child-Pugh B or C hepatocellular carcinoma. Radiother Oncol 2014; 111:412-7. [PMID: 24906626 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report outcomes in patients with Child-Pugh B or C (CP B/C) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). METHODS AND MATERIALS A prospective study of SBRT was developed for patients with CP B7 or B8 unresectable HCC, <10 cm. Selected ineligible patients (e.g. CP>B8, >10 cm) treated off-study from 2004 to July 2012 were also reviewed. Patients were excluded if they were treated as a bridge-to-liver-transplant. RESULTS 29 patients with CP B/C HCC were treated with SBRT (median dose 30 Gy in 6 fractions) from 2004 to December 2012. The majority had CP B7 liver function (69%) and portal vein tumor thrombosis (76%). The median survival was 7.9 months (95% CI: 2.8-15.1). Survival was significantly better in patients with CP=B7 and AFP≤4491 ng/mL. Of 16 evaluable patients, 63% had a decline in CP score by ≥2 points at 3 months. CONCLUSION SBRT is a treatment option for selected HCC patients with small HCCs and modestly impaired (CP B7) liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaelyn Culleton
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Haiyan Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Carol R Haddad
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - John Kim
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Jim Brierley
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Anthony Brade
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Jolie Ringash
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Laura A Dawson
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Canada.
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