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Shahbaz M, Patel N, Du AM, Ahmad S. From black to green: Quantifying the impact of economic growth, resource management, and green technologies on CO 2 emissions. J Environ Manage 2024; 360:121091. [PMID: 38761617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
In an exploration of environmental concerns, this groundbreaking research delves into the relationship between GDP per capita, coal rents, forest rents, mineral rents, oil rents, natural gas rents, fossil fuels, renewables, environmental tax and environment-related technologies on CO2 emissions in 30 highly emitting countries from 1995 to 2021 using instrumental-variables regression Two-Stage least squares (IV-2SLS) regression and two-step system generalized method of moments (GMM) estimates. Our results indicate a significant positive relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions across all quantiles, showcasing an EKC with diminishing marginal effects. Coal rents exhibit a statistically significant negative relationship with emissions, particularly in higher quantiles, and mineral rents show a negative association with CO2 emissions in lower and middle quantiles, reinforcing the idea of resource management in emissions reduction. Fossil fuels exert a considerable adverse impact on emissions, with a rising effect in progressive quantiles. Conversely, renewable energy significantly curtails CO2 emissions, with higher impacts in lower quantiles. Environmental tax also mitigates CO2 emissions. Environment-related technologies play a pivotal role in emission reduction, particularly in lower and middle quantiles, emphasizing the need for innovative solutions. These findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, highlighting the importance of tailoring interventions to different emission levels and leveraging diverse strategies for sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahbaz
- Department of International Trade and Finance, School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China; GUST Center for Sustainable Development (CSD), Gulf University for Science and Technology, Hawally, Kuwait.
| | - Nikunj Patel
- Institute of Management, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, 382481, India.
| | - Anna Min Du
- The Business School, Edinburgh Napier University, UK.
| | - Shabbir Ahmad
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Australia.
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2
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Savranlar B, Ertas SA, Aslan A. The role of environmental tax on the environmental quality in EU counties: evidence from panel vector autoregression approach. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33632-z. [PMID: 38740687 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33632-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
This study intends to analyze the influence of environmental taxes on pollution in EU-27 nations. Furthermore, energy from renewable sources consumption and urbanization are employed to clarify CO2 emissions in this study that tests the EKC hypothesis. According to the findings, an increase in environmental taxes reduces CO2 emissions by 0.14%. Also, the data supported the validity of the EKC concept. The findings of the causality test demonstrated that there is a bidirectional causal link between CO2 emissions and environmental taxes. These results reflect that environmental tax revenues contribute to sustainability as an effective policy tool in EU countries. Policies regarding environmental tax enforcement come to the fore in terms of both keeping the balance in economic activities and serving sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buket Savranlar
- Vocational School, Accounting and Tax Applications, Nisantaşi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seyyid Ali Ertas
- Yozgat Vocational School, Department of Property Protection and Security, Social Security Program, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Alper Aslan
- Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Department of Aviation Management, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
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3
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Solarin SA, Kundu P, Sahu PK, Law JY. The impact of aggregated and disaggregated fisheries production and licensed fishermen on fishing grounds footprint: A time series analysis. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 203:116423. [PMID: 38701602 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
This study has examined the factors of fishing grounds footprint in Malaysia during 1961-2018, which has been used as the indicator of environmental degradation. The main contribution of this paper is that we have considered the role of aggregated and disaggregated fisheries production on pollution in the fishing industry. Another contribution of this study is that the environmental impact of activities of licensed fishermen has been examined. The results suggest that the total fisheries production and its components- capture fisheries production and aquaculture production generate an increase in fishing grounds footprint in Malaysia. The results suggest that an increase in total licensed fishermen facilitate an increase in fishing grounds footprint. There is mixed evidence on the impact of local fishermen on fishing footprint. The results indicate that an increase in foreign fishermen facilitate an increase in fishing grounds footprint. The results suggest mixed evidence for Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pradip Kundu
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, XIM University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | | | - Jie Yin Law
- School of Economics, University of Nottingham - Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Malaysia
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4
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Çatık AN, Bucak Ç, Ballı E, Manga M, Destek MA. How do energy consumption, globalization, and income inequality affect environmental quality across growth regimes? Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:10976-10993. [PMID: 38214854 PMCID: PMC10850203 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31797-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
This paper investigates the impacts of renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption, income inequality, and globalization on the ecological footprints of 49 countries for the period of 1995-2018. Panel cointegration test reveals a long-run relationship between the variables. Long-run parameter estimates derived from AMG and CCEMG, increasing income and nonrenewable energy consumption, have a significant positive impact on the ecological footprint, while countries that consume more renewable energy have seen an improvement in the quality of the environment. Conversely, neither income inequality nor globalization has a significant effect on national EFs. Evidence from the estimation of the panel threshold error correction model, where GDP growth is used as the transition variable, indicates a significant threshold effect, which supports a nonlinear relationship among the variables by identifying two distinct growth regimes: lower and upper. For the estimation sample, the positive and significant parameter estimates for economic growth in both growth regimes do not support the EKC hypothesis. The results indicate that renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption has a larger impact on the EF in the upper than lower growth regime. The threshold estimates are in line with the linear long-run estimates that do not indicate that income inequality has a significant impact on ecological footprint. However, globalization appears to negatively affect environmental quality in the lower growth regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdurrahman Nazif Çatık
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Çağla Bucak
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Esra Ballı
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Muge Manga
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Destek
- Department of Economics, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey.
- Adnan Kassar School of Business, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Research Methods Application Center of UNEC, Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC), Baku, AZ1001, Azerbaijan.
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5
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Tekin B, Dirir SA. Examination of the factors contributing to environmental degradation: does LPG consumption still matter? Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:6815-6834. [PMID: 38153576 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is one of the energy resources that deserve to be qualified as a transition fuel for developing countries that cannot abandon their dependence on non-renewable energy use and adopt renewable alternatives. The current study examines how environmental degradation is affected by financial development, LPG use, and economic growth in the BRICS-T countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and Turkiye) in the period of 1993-2018. For this purpose, four models were tested with Pedroni, Kao, PMG Panel ARDL cointegration and Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality methods. The results show that LPG consumption has a positive effect on the ecological footprint and an adverse influence on the CO2 emission of BRICS - T countries. The financial institutions exhibited to have a positive and significant impact on ecology. Economic growth displayed negative effects on environmental degradation and a positive influence on CO2. Additionally, there is significant evidence for the validity of the EKC hypothesis. Unidirectional causality exists between ecological footprint, LPG, financial market, and economic growth. The financial institution index shows bidirectional causality with the ecological footprint. There is also unidirectional causality between ecological footprint, LPG, financial market, and economic growth. Furthermore, the financial institutions' index shows a bidirectional causality with the ecological footprint. Also, economic development and financial institution index have a bidirectional relationship with CO2 emissions. On the other hand, the financial market index showed unidirectional causality with CO2 emissions. In short, our study highlights the need for a comprehensive and integrated approach to sustainable development in BRICS - T countries. Policymakers must balance economic growth with environmental protection and consider the potential trade-offs between policy options to promote sustainable and inclusive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilgehan Tekin
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Business Administration, Çankırı Karatekin University, 18100, Çankırı, Türkiye.
| | - Sadik Aden Dirir
- Faculty of Law, Economics and Management, Department of Business, University of Djibouti, Djibouti City, Djibouti
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6
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Sui Y. Analyzing the impact of industrial growth and agricultural development on environmental degradation in South and East Asia. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:121090-121106. [PMID: 37950120 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30766-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to examine the impact of industrial growth, agricultural value added, economic growth, and renewable energy consumption on environmental pollution in South and East Asian countries using panel ARDL approach over the period 1970-2020. Furthermore, the impact of institutional quality in this relationship is uniquely explored. Baseline model suggests that environmental damage is exacerbated by agricultural value added and industrial growth in the long run, but not in the short run. The relationship between economic growth and carbon emissions is an obvious inverted U-shaped link in the long run, but it is a U-shaped association in the short run. Renewable energy consumption has significant adverse effects on environmental pollution both in the short and long term. In the long run, institutional quality plays a stronger moderating role in the association between baseline regressors and environmental pollution. Also, institutional quality helps to expand the ability of industry and agriculture to improve environmental quality. Lastly, the threshold results reflect that the impact of regressors on environmental degradation is penetrating into the level of institutional quality. The strong progressive effects of agricultural and industrial growth on environmental degradation are more similar to the existing literature in the long term, but not in the short term. In addition, the long-term condensation effect of renewable energy on CO2 emissions and the enhancing effect of economic growth on CO2 emissions are relatively similar to existing literature. In contrast to weak institutional quality, strong institutions can improve the ability of agriculture and industry to reduce environmental damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sui
- Major of Trade and Management, Woosuk University, 55338, Wanju-Gun, South Korea.
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7
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Zheng Y, Wei W, Murshed M, Khan S, Mahmood H, Das N. Repercussions of Hydroelectricity use on Carbon Emissions in Bangladesh: Evidence using Novel Fourier-Bootstrapped ARDL and Fourier-Gradual Shift Causality analyses. Eval Rev 2023; 47:1025-1065. [PMID: 36282092 DOI: 10.1177/0193841x221135674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bangladesh has recently pledged at the 26th Conference of Parties (COP26) to reduce its carbon dioxide emission figures by 22% at the end of 2030. However, since this South Asian country has always turned to fossil fuels for electricity generation purposes, achieving this emission reduction goal is a challenging task for the Bangladesh government. Nevertheless, considering the negative environmental implications associated with the generation and consumption of unclean energy, particularly electricity, it is critically important for Bangladesh to expedite the process of clean transformation of its traditional pollution-intensive power system. Hence, the objective of this study is to dissect the repercussions of hydroelectricity use on Bangladesh's fossil fuel consumption-related carbon dioxide As opposed to the traditional method of quantifying environmental quality using total carbon dioxide emissions, this study considers Bangladesh's annual carbon dioxide emissions generated from the combustion of gas, oil, and coal. Besides, novel Fourier-based econometric methods that effectively handle structural break problems in data are utilized in this study. Based on the results, it is found that up-scaling hydroelectricity consumption levels exert emission-inhibiting effects while greater economic globalization activities are witnessed to boost the emissions. More importantly, hydroelectricity consumption and economic globalization are observed to jointly curb fossil fuel consumption-based emissions of carbon dioxide. Additionally, the results verify the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for Bangladesh. Furthermore, financial sector development is found to be effective in reducing the natural gas consumption-related carbon dioxide emissions while urbanization is held responsible for amplifying emissions generated from all three types of fossil fuels. Therefore, considering these findings, the Bangladesh government needs to particularly emphasize scaling up production and consumption of hydroelectricity to decarbonize its economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Zheng
- School of Economics and Finance, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Wei
- School of Economics and Finance, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Muntasir Murshed
- School of Business and Economics, North South University, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
- Department of Journalism, Media and Communications, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Samiha Khan
- School of Business and Economics, North South University, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh
| | - Haider Mahmood
- Department of Finance, College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj Saudi Arabia
| | - Narasingha Das
- Economists for Peace and Security-Australia Chapter, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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8
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Fei H, Hanif MH, Hanif I. How flare-up of small and medium enterprises intensifies carbon emissions in Asian and European regions: a panel analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:104742-104752. [PMID: 37704816 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29755-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
SMEs (small and medium enterprises) contribute substantially to the global and national economies. So, their activities can significantly affect the ecosystem; however, environmental performance is primarily targeted at larger corporations. Therefore, this study measures the SMEs' impact on environmental quality through CO2 emissions. For this purpose, data on twenty-five Asian and European economies from 2005 to 2020 is utilized, and the effect of SMEs on the environment is measured in the light of the EKC hypothesis. In order to validate and test the influence of SMEs on the environment, the pooled mean group (PMG) model with cointegration approaches is utilized. The results show that the flare-up of small and medium enterprises increases environmental pollution through high carbon emissions at micro levels. Thus, the study suggests that governments, SMEs, and other stakeholders have to create strategies and regulations targeted at SMEs to minimize their negative environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Fei
- School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | | | - Imran Hanif
- Department of Economics, Government College University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
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9
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Rahman AKMA, Galiano JC, Murshed M, Balsalobre-Lorente D, Mahmood H, Hossain ME. Reinvigorating the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in the context of highly polluted nations: evidence using advanced panel estimation techniques. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:103212-103224. [PMID: 37682437 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
China, United States, India, Russia, and Japan are regarded as the top five carbon dioxide-emitting nations in the world. These countries altogether account for more than half of the global annual discharges of carbon dioxide. Consequently, impeding the carbon emission-led environmental adversities in these countries is of critical emphasis for establishing environmental sustainability worldwide. In this regard, this study checks how economic progress, energy use intensification, and renewable energy use affect the annual growth rates of per capita carbon dioxide emission in these highly-polluted economies considering the study period from 1990 to 2021. Besides, for analytical purposes, advanced panel data estimation techniques have been utilized for detecting and neutralizing the impacts of cross-sectional dependency and slope heterogeneity-related problems in the data. Overall, the findings endorse that economic progress deteriorates environmental quality both in the short and long run. However, since the long-run unfavorable environmental impacts of economic growth are relatively lower compared with the short-run impacts, the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis can be deemed valid. Besides, more intensive use of energy resources is witnessed to impose negative long-run environmental consequences while the adoption of renewable energy instead of fossil fuels is found to improve environmental well-being, both in the short and long run. Furthermore, the results affirm that economic progress and energy use intensification jointly degrade environmental conditions. By contrast, economic progress alongside greater adoption of renewable energy is observed to inflict an environmental quality-improving effect. Considering these findings, a couple of carbon dioxide mitigating policies are suggested to the concerned highly polluted developed and developing nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K M Atiqur Rahman
- Department of Economics, School of Business and Economics, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.
| | - Jesus Cantero Galiano
- Department of Applied Economics I, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Muntasir Murshed
- Department of Economics, School of Business and Economics, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
- Department of Journalism, Media and Communications, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Haider Mahmood
- Department of Finance, College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 173, Alkharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Emran Hossain
- Department of Agricultural Finance and Banking, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
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10
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Du J, Ahmad M, Uddin I, Xu H, Gu X. From growth to sustainability: investigating N-shaped EKC and the role of energy productivity, technological advancement, and human capital in OECD economies. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:102374-102388. [PMID: 37667124 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29514-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental degradation rates have been on a concerning upward trajectory in recent decades, directly threatening the well-being of global populations. Responding to this urgent matter, scholars have been driven to explore its nuances, particularly emphasizing lowering energy consumption and carbon emissions amidst the growing demands of growing economies. Achieving the targets outlined in the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement has also become a priority for many countries. Therefore, this study scrutinizes the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis, specifically focusing on the role of energy productivity, technological advancement, and human capital in fostering a sustainable environment across 35 OECD economies from 1990 to 2018. Utilizing three robust econometric techniques, Cross-Sectional Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL), Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS), and Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS), we have drawn insightful conclusions from our data. The analysis substantiates an N-shaped EKC hypothesis relationship between GDP and CO2 emissions, pointing towards an initially increasing, then decreasing, and finally an increasing again trend of emissions with GDP. Furthermore, the long-term projections underscore that energy productivity, technological progression, and human capital formation harm the environment. These findings culminate in a call for governments to orchestrate extensive plans and initiatives. This involves promoting green technologies, renewable energy-based ideas, and comprehensive education and awareness programs. These efforts should span all educational levels, highlighting climate change, sustainable practices, and the need for CO2 reduction, empowering societies to contribute to a sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Du
- Industry and Information Technology Bureau of Hinggan League, Ulanhot City, 137400, China
- School of Insurance and Economics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Maaz Ahmad
- World Economy Department, Tashkent State University of Economics, 100003, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Ijaz Uddin
- Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Marden, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Huijie Xu
- School of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiao Gu
- Social Science Department, Communication University of Zhejiang, Hangzhou, 310018, China
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11
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Pata UK, Yurtkuran S, Ahmed Z, Kartal MT. Do life expectancy and hydropower consumption affect ecological footprint? Evidence from novel augmented and dynamic ARDL approaches. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19567. [PMID: 37809494 PMCID: PMC10558799 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human activities threaten the future of the ecosystem by emitting pollution to the air, water, and soil. Considering the increasing ecological footprint (EF), the study focuses on investigating the role of life expectancy and hydropower consumption by controlling also income, trade openness, and globalization on the environment under the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for Turkey during 1971-2018. In this context, the study performs recently developed augmented autoregressive distributed lag (AARDL) and dynamic ARDL (DARDL) methods. The results show that (i) life expectancy increases the environmental pressure; (ii) hydropower consumption has no effect on the EF; (iii) globalization and trade openness reduce the EF; (iv) the EKC hypothesis is valid, but the estimated turning point lies between USD 19,914 and USD 20,571, which is far from the sample period in Turkey. From the overall results, it can be concluded that Turkey cannot solve environmental problems with insufficient income levels, an increasing elderly population, and ineffective use of hydropower. Hence, Turkey should rely on income much more, use hydropower much more efficiently, and benefit from the spillover effect of technological innovations related to globalization and foreign trade to significantly reduce the EF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Korkut Pata
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Economics, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, 80000, Merkez, Osmaniye, Turkey
- Adnan Kassar School of Business, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Suleyman Yurtkuran
- Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, Department of International Trade and Logistics, Trabzon University, 61040, Ortahisar, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Zahoor Ahmed
- Adnan Kassar School of Business, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Business Admistration, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, Bahçeşehir Cyprus University, Nicosia, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Tevfik Kartal
- Borsa Istanbul Strategic Planning, Financial Reporting, and Investor Relations Directorate, İstanbul, Turkey
- Adnan Kassar School of Business, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
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12
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Cheng Y, Chen Y. Empowering environmental change: role of green bonds in shaping green e-commerce and sustainable business. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:94827-94838. [PMID: 37537412 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28895-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
This research aims to investigate the impact of green bonds on the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly e-commerce businesses, with a focus on promoting environmental empowerment. Recognizing the necessity of preparing for economic changes and strengthening institutional frameworks, this study addresses the shortcomings identified in previous research, including statistical limitations, insufficient inclusion of variables, and a lack of diversity. By bridging these gaps, the research explores the interconnections between economic expansion, sustainability, profitability, and effective governance. To account for country-specific variations, a robust reduced-form modeling strategy is employed, supplemented by generalized method of moments estimates to address potential variability. The study analyzes survey data spanning the years 1990 to 2019. The research findings confirm the significant role of organizational excellence and economic growth in fostering sustainability, lending support to the presence of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. Additionally, the study underscores the potential adverse consequences for the natural environment if economic liberalization proceeds without robust governance structures. By providing original empirical evidence on the effectiveness of green bonds in driving the growth of sustainable e-commerce businesses, this research contributes to the field of environmental empowerment and emphasizes the importance of well-designed frameworks to guide economic transitions. The insights derived from this study have implications for policymakers, businesses, and organizations aiming to align economic growth with sustainability goals, ultimately facilitating a more environmentally conscious and resilient future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Cheng
- School of Business and Management, Yellow River Conservancy Technical Institute, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- School of Business and Management, Yellow River Conservancy Technical Institute, Kaifeng, 475004, China
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13
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Dam MM, Işık C, Ongan S. The impacts of renewable energy and institutional quality in environmental sustainability in the context of the sustainable development goals: A novel approach with the inverted load capacity factor. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:95394-95409. [PMID: 37544944 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
It is crucial to fulfill sustainable development goals in combating environmental pollution. Recently, there has been a growing literature on environmental pollution; however, while many proxies represent environmental pollution, few proxies represent environmental sustainability. In this paper, we examine the effects of institutional quality (SDG-16), economic growth (SDG-8), and renewable energy (SDG-7) on the inverted load capacity factor (SDG-13) in OECD countries from 1999 to 2018. The objective is to ensure environmental sustainability within the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) framework. In this respect, the study differs from the existing literature by approaching the sustainable environment literature from a broader perspective. Long-term empirical estimates from the PMG-ARDL technique have shown that institutional quality, reel income, and population increase the inverted load capacity factor, that is, decrease environmental sustainability. However, on the contrary, renewable energy decreases the inverted load capacity factor. Therefore, renewable energy consumption helps reach SDG-7 and SDG-13 in OECD countries. In addition, it is found that economic growth is significant both in the long run and in the short run, and the impact of economic growth on the environment is greater in the short run than in the long run. This result supports the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for OECD countries. The panel causality test results find a bidirectional causality relationship from renewable energy and population to inverted load capacity factor and a unidirectional causality relationship from institutional quality to inverted load capacity factor. This study argues that policymakers should concentrate on deploying environmentally friendly technology to slow down environmental degradation, increase the usage of renewable energy sources, and promote sustainable development in line with the SDGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Metin Dam
- Department of International Trade and Finance, Aydin Adnan Menderes University, Nazilli, 09800, Aydin, Türkiye
| | - Cem Işık
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Anadolu University, Tepebaşı, Eskişehir, Türkiye.
- Adnan Kassar School of Business, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Serdar Ongan
- Department of Economics, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
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14
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Bektur Ç. The role of economic freedom in achieving the environmental sustainability for the highest economic freedom countries: testing the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-29120-5. [PMID: 37572251 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
In the study, the relationship between ecological footprint, economic freedom, renewable energy consumption, and economic growth is analysed under the scope of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. Here, fifteen countries with the highest economic freedom for the period 1996-2018 are selected to more clearly underline the impact of economic freedom on the environment and examined, i.e., Australia, Canada, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Singapore, South Korea, Sweden, and Switzerland. The long-term relationship between the variables is examined using the panel cointegration test. According to the test results, it has been observed that the variables in the EKC model act together in the long run. According to the long-term estimation results, it is seen that economic freedom decreases the ecological footprint, namely, environmental degradation, in Canada, while it increases in Estonia. Furthermore, it is concluded that renewable energy reduces the ecological footprint in Australia, Denmark, Luxembourg, Norway, Singapore, and Switzerland. Nevertheless, it has been determined that the EKC hypothesis is valid for Canada, Denmark, and Singapore, but not for other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çisem Bektur
- Faculty of Political Sciences, Department of Econometrics, Sakarya University, Esentepe Campus, Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey.
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15
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Sun X, Ali A, Liu Y, Zhang T, Chen Y. Links among population aging, economic globalization, per capita CO 2 emission, and economic growth, evidence from East Asian countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:92107-92122. [PMID: 37480536 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28723-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Population aging, economic globalization, and economic growth simultaneously cause changes in environmental quality, but so far no studies have integrated these key factors into the same environmental policy framework. Thus, this study uses the more robust Westerlund cointegration test and the augmented mean group (AMG) estimator (robust to cross-sectional dependence (CD), heterogeneity, and endogeneity) to estimate the long-term relationship between population aging, economic globalization, economic growth, and per capita carbon emissions in East Asian countries during the period 1975-2018. The analysis results reflect that population aging significantly reduces the long-term per capita carbon emissions of specific East Asian countries. However, energy generation and economic globalization make significant contributions to long-run per capita carbon emissions. Moreover, the impact of economic growth on long-term per capita carbon emissions is significantly positive, while the impact of square of economic growth on long-run per capita carbon emissions is significantly negative, thus validating the inverted U-shaped environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for specific East Asian countries. The results of the causality test indicated a two-way causality between energy generation and per capita carbon dioxide emission, supporting the feedback hypothesis. There is also a two-way causal relationship between aging population and per capita carbon dioxide emission. Policy recommendations are discussed in response to the empirical findings of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Sun
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Center of Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao, 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Arshad Ali
- Institute of Economics and Management, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuejun Liu
- School of Economics and Management, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Taiming Zhang
- Finance Department, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yuanchun Chen
- Business School, Zhengzhou University of Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou, China.
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16
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Zhengxia T, Haseeb M, Usman M, Shuaib M, Kamal M, Khan MF. The role of monetary and fiscal policies in determining environmental pollution: Revisiting the N-shaped EKC hypothesis for China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:89756-89769. [PMID: 37460884 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28672-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The equilibrium between environmental quality and economic growth is one of the contemporary objectives of fiscal and monetary policies in the case of China. In this study, we investigate the extent of the existence of the N-shaped environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis and measure the collision of fiscal and monetary policy on carbon emissions within the economic growth perspectives that China is witnessing. This study examines the dynamic nexus between monetary supply, government expenditure, and carbon emissions in China over the spanning from 1980 to 2019. The findings demonstrate that the money supply reduces carbon emissions in the short- and long-run. Precisely, a 1-unit augmentation in monetary policy tool (money supply) will significantly reduce the pressure on the environment by 0.29332 unit in the long-run and 0.79311 unit in the short-run. In contrast, the fiscal policy instrument (government expenditure) contributes to the increase in carbon emissions. Specifically, a 1-unit increase in government expenditure will increase the carbon emission by 0.17835 and 0.48247 units in the long-run and short-run, respectively. Additionally, the result also confirmed the N-shaped EKC hypothesis. Particularly, at the initial stage of economic growth, there are 1.58659 and 4.29197 unit increas in carbon emission in the long-run and short-run, respectively. However, after taking the square of economic growth, this reduces the environmental pollution by 0.3018 and 0.81665 units in the long-run and short-run, respectively. Finally, the cubic form of economic growth shows the 0.01755 and 0.04747 units increase in the pollution level in the long-run and short-run, respectively. Moreover, the study also found the presence of a causality link between government expenditure, economic growth, and carbon emissions. These findings will aid policymakers in implementing fiscal and monetary policies that promote long-term development while lowering carbon emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang Zhengxia
- School of Economics and Management, Xichang University, Sichuan Province, 1 Xuefu Road, Xichang City, 615000, China
| | - Mohammad Haseeb
- School of Economics and Management, and Center for Industrial Economics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- School of Economics and Management, and Center for Industrial Economics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Mohd Shuaib
- School of Economics and Management, and Center for Industrial Economics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Mustafa Kamal
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Theoretical Studies, Saudi Electronic University, Dammam, 32256, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Faisal Khan
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Science and Theoretical Studies, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, 11673, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Kwakwa PA. Climate change mitigation role of renewable energy consumption: Does institutional quality matter in the case of reducing Africa's carbon dioxide emissions? J Environ Manage 2023; 342:118234. [PMID: 37327731 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Renewable energy and institutions have emerged among other variables touted to address climate change problems. However, empirical results have been conflicting. With a relatively poorer state of institutional quality and a lower level of renewable energy development amidst rising carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Africa, the study assesses: a) the direct effect of renewable energy and institutional quality on CO2 emissions in Africa; and b) the moderation role of institutional quality on the effect of renewable energy on CO2 emissions in Africa. The study relies on panel data covering 2002-2021 for 32 African countries. The Fully-Modified OLS regression method is employed to analyze the data based on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis and Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, & Technology (STIRPAT) model. The results show that urbanization and trade openness increase CO2 emissions. Although income has a positive effect on carbon emissions, the square term has a negative confirming the EKC hypothesis. Renewable energy also reduces CO2 emissions. Institutional quality variables of control of corruption, rule of law, regulatory quality, political stability and absence of violence, voice and accountability, government effectiveness and institutional index created from the above indicators reduce CO2 emissions. In addition, except government effectiveness, the remaining indicators of institutional quality negatively moderate the effect of renewable energy on CO2 emissions. The results among other things imply that intensifying the development and usage of renewable energy would help address the rising carbon dioxide emissions trend in Africa. Also, strengthening institutions promises to reduce CO2 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Adjei Kwakwa
- School of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana.
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18
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Islam S, Rahaman SH. The asymmetric effect of ICT on CO 2 emissions in the context of an EKC framework in GCC countries: the role of energy consumption, energy intensity, trade, and financial development. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27590-1. [PMID: 37258809 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study examines how "information and communication technology (ICT)" affects carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) nations asymmetrically, controlling energy consumption, its intensity, trade, and financial development following an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) approach. It employs panel data covering 1995-2019, 2nd generation unit root, Westerlund cointegration tests, nonlinear pooled mean group (PMG) estimate, and Dumitrescu-Hurlin causality check. The Westerlund test validates a long-run association among variables. The study confirms the EKC proposition for the GCC countries. It reveals that a decrease in CO2 emissions is associated with both positive and negative parts of ICT and the expansion of financial development. While per capita GDP increases pollution, squared GDP per capita reduces it; energy consumption, intensity, and trade amplify carbon emissions. D-H causality check yields several bidirectional and one-way causalities and verifies the robustness of PMG outcomes. Our findings suggest that promoting ICT becomes one of the critical techniques to decrease CO2 emissions in GCC nations due to its significant negative influence on CO2 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiful Islam
- Department of Economics and Finance, College of Business Administration, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sk Habibur Rahaman
- Department of Business Administration, School of Business & Economics, Manarat International University, -1212, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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19
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Hashmi SM, Yu X, Syed QR, Rong L. Testing the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis amidst climate policy uncertainty: sectoral analysis using the novel Fourier ARDL approach. Environ Dev Sustain 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37362963 PMCID: PMC10213581 DOI: 10.1007/s10668-023-03296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, climate policy has experienced several episodes of crest and trough in the US, which has induced profound uncertainty. This climate policy uncertainty (CPU) may exert economic, social, and environmental impacts. Therefore, using the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) framework, this study targets to probe whether CPU affects sectoral carbon dioxide emissions (COE) in the US. We make use of advanced econometric procedures such as the novel SOR unit root test (to probe the order of integration of the entire dataset) and the novel Fourier ARDL approach (to retrieve the long- and short-run estimates). The findings delineate that the EKC holds for the industrial, electric power, commercial, and residential sectors. In addition, CPU escalates COE in the residential, commercial, and electric power sectors in both the long- and short-run. Parallel to this, CPU affects industrial COE neither in the short-run nor in the long-run. Keeping in view the key findings, we propose a set of sector-specific policy implications to curb COE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir Mohsin Hashmi
- School of Economics and Management, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuyou Yu
- School of Economics, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Qasim Raza Syed
- Ilma University, Karachi, Pakistan
- National Tariff Commission, Shanghai, Pakistan
| | - Li Rong
- Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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20
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Wang W, Ali A, Wang H, Feng Y, Dai S. EKC hypothesis testing and environmental impacts of transportation infrastructure investments in China, Turkey, India, and Japan. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27580-3. [PMID: 37204576 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27580-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A key strategy for social development and sustainable urban expansion is building sustainable and affordable transport systems. In this study, we aim to test the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis and reveal the impact of infrastructure investment in transportation systems in China, Turkey, India, and Japan over the period 1995-2020 on environmental degradation. According to dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) method analysis, per capita GDP and per capita GDP3 have a significant positive impact on per capita CO2 emission, while per capita GDP2 has a significant adverse impact on per capita CO2 emission. These results confirm the validity of the N-shaped EKC assumption, while inconsistent with the results of the FMOLS technique, showing that per capita GDP is significantly positive, while per capita GDP2 and per capita GDP3 have a significant negative impact on per capita carbon emissions. Moreover, as clarified by the fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and DOLS methods, road infrastructure investment (RO), aviation infrastructure investment, trade openness, and foreign direct investment (FDI) have significant positive effects, while railway infrastructure investment (RA) has a significant negative effect on per capita carbon emission. Country-level estimates of per capita carbon emission-based DOLS strategies in the model show that only China and Japan have N-shaped EKC hypothesis. Road infrastructure investment, aviation infrastructure investment, and trade openness have significant positive effects, while railway infrastructure investment has a significant negative effect on per capita CO2 emission in selected central and east Asian countries. The latest electrified rail systems are well thought out and less polluting, so the contribution of rail infrastructure investment to the transport mix can support sustainable and safe transport systems at city center and intercity levels and reduce environmental pollution in central and east Asian countries. Moreover, the implementation of the basic environmental settings of trade agreements should be strengthened to condense the growing impact of free trade on environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wennan Wang
- Academy of Management, Guangdong University of Science and Technology, Dongguan, China
- Department of Finance, School of Economics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Arshad Ali
- Institute of economics and management, Northeast Agricultural university, Harbin, China
| | - Hoatian Wang
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Yu Feng
- School of Public Economics and Administration, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China
| | - Shugeng Dai
- Department of Finance, School of Economics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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21
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Işık C, Simionescu M, Ongan S, Radulescu M, Yousaf Z, Rehman A, Alvarado R, Ahmad M. Renewable energy, economic freedom and economic policy uncertainty: New evidence from a dynamic panel threshold analysis for the G-7 and BRIC countries. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess 2023; 37:1-16. [PMID: 37362842 PMCID: PMC10174606 DOI: 10.1007/s00477-023-02452-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to demonstrate the impact of renewable energy consumption (REC) on environmental degradation using the EKC hypothesis testing for the BRIC and G-7 countries. Two EKC models were created and tested, with Model 2 including REC and other independent variables such as economic freedom (EF) and economic policy uncertainty (EPU), which affect the level of renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions. Empirical findings indicate that the EKC hypothesis is verified faster in the REC-EF-EPU-based EKC model (Model 2) than in the EF-EPU-based EKC model (Model 1) for G-7 countries since the turning point takes place earlier in Model 2 than in Model 1 with REC. This suggests that renewable energy consumption accelerates the reduction of CO2 emissions. Moreover, this earlier turning point results in lower environmental cleaning costs, less time vesting, and saving resources and money for G-7 countries. However, the study found no evidence supporting the EKC hypothesis for the BRIC countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Işık
- Faculty of Tourism, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Mihaela Simionescu
- University of Bucharest, Faculty of Business Administration, Bucharest, Romania
- Institute of Economic Forecasting, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Serdar Ongan
- Department of Economics, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA
| | - Magdalena Radulescu
- University of Pitesti, Department of Finance, Accounting and Economics, Pitesti, Romania
- Institute of Doctoral and Post-Doctoral Studies, University Lucian Blaga of Sibiu, Sibiu, Romania
| | - Zahid Yousaf
- Government College of Management Sciences, N-35, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman
- College of Economics and Management, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Rafael Alvarado
- Esai Business School, Universidad Espiritu Santo, Samborondon, 091650 Ecuador
| | - Munir Ahmad
- College of International Economics & Trade, Ningbo University of Finance and Economics, Ningbo, 315175 Zhejiang China
- “Belt and Road” Bulk Commodity Research Center, Ningbo University of Finance and Economics, Ningbo, 315175 Zhejiang China
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22
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Khan I, Han L, Zhong R, Bibi R, Khan H. Income inequality, economic growth, renewable energy usage, and environmental degradation in the Belt and Road initiative countries: dynamic panel estimation. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:57142-57154. [PMID: 36930315 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26273-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of income inequality, carbon dioxide emissions, renewable energy consumption, and economic growth on each other's in the Belt and Road initiative countries from 2002 to 2019. By using OLS, fixed effect, difference GMM, system GMM, and seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) models, the results show that income inequality and renewable energy consumption are reduced while economic growth, foreign direct investment, and financial development have an increasing effect on carbon emissions. The effect of carbon emissions and renewable energy consumption is negative, while economic growth is positive and negative for income inequality across different models. Income inequality, carbon dioxide emissions, economic growth, and foreign direct investment are negatives for renewable energy consumption. Income inequality is positive, while carbon dioxide and financial development negatively affect economic growth. The findings have considerable policy implications for the sample countries regarding income distribution, energy use, environmental quality, and enhancing economic growth. The countries should focus on acquiring renewable energy sources to increase economic growth and reduce environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itbar Khan
- College of Economics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Han
- Business School of Xiangtan University, Hunan, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhong
- College of Economics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Robeena Bibi
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hayat Khan
- School of Economics and Management, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China.
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23
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Manga M, Cengiz O, Destek MA. Is export quality a viable option for sustainable development paths of Asian countries? Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:50022-50045. [PMID: 36787075 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25784-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the role of export quality in climate action goal of the sustainable development goals in emerging Asian countries. For this purpose, the empirical model that observes the impact of real GDP, energy use and export quality index on carbon emissions is constructed and is analyzed by ARDL bounds testing approach for the period from 1970 to 2014. We also include the square of real GDP as independent variable to observe the existence of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis which implies the parabolic relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation. The findings show that increase in export quality leads to a fall in CO2 emissions for China and India. In contrast, the effect of increasing export quality increases CO2 emissions in Thailand and the Philippines. Lastly, our asymmetric causality results show that the positive shocks of export quality causes positive shocks of CO2 emissions in Thailand and Indonesia. Furthermore, we found that positive export quality shocks cause negative CO2 emissions shocks in India while negative export quality shocks cause positive CO2 emissions shocks in China. We also confirm the inverted U-shaped EKC hypothesis in China and Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muge Manga
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Orhan Cengiz
- Department of Accounting and Taxation, Cukurova University Pozantı Vocational School, Adana, Turkey
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24
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Singh A, Lal S, Kumar N, Yadav R, Kumari S. Role of nuclear energy in carbon mitigation to achieve United Nations net zero carbon emission: evidence from Fourier bootstrap Toda-Yamamoto. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:46185-46203. [PMID: 36715799 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this communication, the time series data of three major countries USA, France, and Japan from 1965 to 2020 for CO2 emission, GDP, and nuclear energy (NE) are evaluated. It also analyzed and validated the EKC hypothesis while using nuclear energy for electricity generation. Fourier ARDL is used to investigate the hypothesis criteria, and the Fourier bootstrap Toda-Yamamoto (FBTY) causality test is used for causal linkage between the variables as well as the wavelet coherence; it is also presented the time and frequency dependency of the variables. The CO2 mitigation by using the NE is also assessed for all three countries and assessed that the France, Japan, and USA mitigated the CO2 per year is 0.0463 million metric ton (MMT), 0.0239 and 0.0728 MMT per year respectively. Similar to that the SO2 is reduced by using the NE is 24.322, 43.527, and 132.592 MMT/year, and NOx is reduced by approximately 0.2847, 0.147, and 0.4478 MMT/year by France, Japan, and USA respectively by applying the NE for power generation. The evidence of the EKC, Fourier bootstrap and Toda-Yamamoto clarifies the important role of nuclear energy in terms of carbon mitigation to achieve UN net zero carbon emission by 2050. Hence, in order to meet the UN target of net zero carbon emission by 2050, the USA and Japan should increase the production of nuclear energy as France meets its 74.1% energy demand through NE by validating the EKC hypothesis; on the other hand, all the three countries should increase the production of tidal energy due to their geographical location as tides are much more predictable than wind and sun keeping in consideration to the expenses incurred and a full proof plan for disposing NE residuals in a safe place as NE residuals are highly radioactive and contains traces of thorium and uranium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Singh
- Department of Humanities, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India, 110042
| | - Shiv Lal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajasthan Technical University, Kota, India, 324010
| | - Nand Kumar
- Department of Humanities, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India, 110042
| | - Rajan Yadav
- Delhi School of Management, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India, 110042
| | - Shweta Kumari
- Department of Humanities, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India, 110042.
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25
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Naimoglu M. The effect of energy prices, energy losses, and renewable energy use on CO 2 emissions in energy-importing developing economies in the presence of an environmental Kuznets curve. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:58755-58772. [PMID: 36995504 PMCID: PMC10060945 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, energy losses, energy prices, and the relationship between green energy and environmental quality are investigated for 15 energy-importing emerging economies. In addition, the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve is tested in this study. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach based on panel dataset, related intermediate estimators including PMG, MG, and DFE were used as a method. In addition, FMOLS and DOLS estimators were used for robustness testing in the study. According to empirical findings, the environmental Kuznets curve is valid in energy-importing emerging economies. In addition, green energy use and energy prices have a reducing effect on CO2 emissions. However, energy losses increase CO2 emissions. While the long-term results of the variables were similar, the short-term results were mixed. This situation is attributed to different economic growths in energy-importing developing economies, the share of energy resources in total energy resources, and energy-efficient technologies in the energy field. The fact that these variables have never been investigated for this economy group makes the study different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Naimoglu
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Economics, Bingol University, 12000, Bingol, Turkey.
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26
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Liu Y, Ali A, Chen Y, She X. The effect of transport infrastructure (road, rail, and air) investments on economic growth and environmental pollution and testing the validity of EKC in China, India, Japan, and Russia. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:32585-32599. [PMID: 36469273 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24448-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A key factor in social development and sustainable urban expansion is the establishment of sustainable and affordable transport systems. This study aims to investigate the impact of transport infrastructure investment on environmental degradation and economic growth and to test the validity of the EKC hypothesis in China, India, Russia, and Japan over the period 1995-2020. The results show that GDP has a significant positive effect, and GDP2 and GDP3 have significant adverse effects on environmental degradation, respectively. These results confirm the validity of the inverted U-shaped EKC hypothesis in selected emerging Asian economies. Rail infrastructure investment has significant adverse effects, while road infrastructure investment and aviation infrastructure investment have significant positive effects on environmental degradation. Likewise, the impact of investment in transport infrastructure system (roads, rail, and aviation) on economic growth is positive and statistically significant. Country-level estimates confirm the validity of the inverted U-shaped EKC hypothesis in China, India, and Russia, while the N-shaped EKC is only valid in Japan. Investments in rail infrastructure based on modern rail systems that run on electricity are believed to be less polluting in the transport mix, help create sustainable and safe transport systems, and reduce emissions at the urban and intercity levels in emerging Asian countries. In addition, the growing impact of free trade on environmental pollution should be strengthened to harmonize the strict enforcement of environmental conditions dominated by trade agreements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Liu
- Faculty of Management and Economics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Arshad Ali
- Northeast Agriculture University (NEAU), Harbin, China
| | - Yuanchun Chen
- Business School, Zhengzhou University of Industrial Technology, Henan, 451199, China
| | - Xiao She
- Department of Industrial Economics, University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China.
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27
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Zhang C, Zhou Y, Li Z. Low-carbon innovation, economic growth, and CO 2 emissions: evidence from a dynamic spatial panel approach in China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:25792-25816. [PMID: 36346518 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23890-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Low-carbon innovation plays an essential role in carbon reduction worldwide. This study investigates the nexus between low-carbon innovation, economic growth, and carbon emissions by the dynamic spatial Durbin model from 2007 to 2020. First, the Moran index results verify the provincial spatial agglomeration of carbon emissions. High-emission provinces concentrate in major economic zones and energy extraction areas. Second, the effect decomposition results show that long-term and short-term effects are consistent. Low-carbon innovation has a significant mitigation effect on carbon emissions in local regions, which effect, however, is not significant in the adjacent areas. The environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis is validated locally, but all provinces and cities have not reached the inflection point of the environmental Kuznets curve, and the linkage effect in adjacent regions remains insignificant. The above results have been tested to be robust. Third, the results of the mechanism analysis show that environmental policies, absorptive capacity, and financial development play a moderating role in the relationship between low-carbon innovation and carbon emissions. Finally, the heterogeneity test showed significant differences between Eastern, Central, and Western. The direct effect of low-carbon innovation exists in Eastern and central regions; the spillover effect of low-carbon innovation is only in the eastern region. In addition, corresponding measures are proposed based on the conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caijiang Zhang
- School of Economics and Finance, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- School of Economics and Finance, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zhangwen Li
- School of Economics and Finance, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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28
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Azimi M, Bian Z. Provincial and regional analysis of carbon neutrality policy and the environmental Kuznets curve: examining their effect on CO 2 emissions in China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:46234-46247. [PMID: 36715802 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25419-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
China is making a challenging effort to achieve its ambitious goal of becoming carbon-neutral by 2060. Therefore, the Chinese government should develop effective policy tools to improve its carbon neutrality plan. Due to this importance, an empirical study is required to examine the comprehensive effect of the carbon neutrality policy on CO2 emissions in China. Also, the role of economic development on the environment, the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in the carbon neutrality-CO2 emissions nexus, has yet to be examined. Considering this gap, the present study investigates the impacts of carbon neutrality policy and the economy on CO2 emissions at China's provincial and regional levels from 2006 to 2017. We use a comprehensive approach to measure the carbon neutrality policy through the source control and sink increase perspectives. This study performs the panel-corrected standard errors (PCSE) and the feasible generalised least squares (FGLS) regression techniques to control the heteroscedasticity and cross-sectional correlation issues. The results show that an improvement in energy efficiency and renewable energy power generation decreases the per capita CO2 emissions at the provincial level from the source control perspective. From the sink increase perspective, only green space development affects CO2 emissions reduction; the development of carbon capture, utilisation, and storage (CCUS) does not. Also, this study shows that the EKC hypothesis holds true in China nationally and in the central region. Due to differing regional development patterns, the impact of carbon neutrality policy on CO2 emissions varies across regions. This study suggests specific policy implications such as increasing R&D investment per unit of GDP to support CCUS technologies at provincial and regional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Azimi
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
| | - Zhengfu Bian
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
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29
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Omri E, Saadaoui H. An empirical investigation of the relationships between nuclear energy, economic growth, trade openness, fossil fuels, and carbon emissions in France: fresh evidence using asymmetric cointegration. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:13224-13245. [PMID: 36125682 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22958-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The intention behind the current analysis is to join the debate over the main factors to consider in the global fight against climate change. Thereby, the Non-linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) approach is applied to assess the impacts of nuclear energy, fossil fuels, income, and trade on carbon emissions in France from 1980 to 2020. In addition, the relevance of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) presumption is tested. The main results stipulate that nuclear energy lessens CO2 emissions in France. However, fossil fuels and trade openness enhance these emissions. On the other hand, the current analysis confirms the presence of an inverted U-shaped curve relating economic growth to carbon emissions. Therefore, the EKC hypothesis is supported in our case. Indeed, by calculating the turning point, it is possible to extract the turning year corresponding to 2008. Furthermore, an asymmetric causality test is performed in order to identify the possible non-linear causal links between the potential drivers of carbon emissions. First, the causal linkage between CO2 emissions and GDP is bidirectional. Furthermore, a unidirectional causal link between CO2 emissions and non-renewable energies and a dual directional causal link between pollutant emissions and trade are identified. These empirical results are intended to guide the French government in the implementation of relevant energy and trade-related strategies in order to attain the ambitious targets of carbon emissions reduction. In fact, France should reduce imports of fossil fuels to curtail the positive effect of trade on carbon emissions. In addition, it is recommended to substitute fossil energies with renewable energies gradually by using adequate instruments and boosting research and innovation to mitigate the adverse influences of non-renewable energies on environmental quality. Finally, our findings confirm the positive role played by nuclear energy in the fight against climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Omri
- Faculty of Economics and Management of Sfax, University of Sfax, LED, Airport Road, Km 3.5, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia.
- Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France.
| | - Haifa Saadaoui
- Faculty of Economics and Management of Sfax, University of Sfax, LED, Airport Road, Km 3.5, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
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30
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Wang Q, Zhang F, Li R. Revisiting the environmental kuznets curve hypothesis in 208 counties: The roles of trade openness, human capital, renewable energy and natural resource rent. Environ Res 2023; 216:114637. [PMID: 36283438 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Achieving carbon neutral requires a comprehensive understanding of the effect of different key factors on carbon emissions. To this end, this study investigates the effect of trade openness, human capital, renewable energy and natural resource rent on carbon emissions within the framework of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. Second-generation econometric tests, Generalized Method of Moments and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares estimator were developed based on the aggregated dataset of 208 countries from 1990 to 2018. The results show that (i) the EKC hypothesis is validated when the effects of trade openness, human capital, renewable energy consumption, and natural resource rents are considered. The relationship between income level and carbon emissions shows an "inverted U-shaped" curve at the global level. Besides, the real GDP per capita corresponding to the EKC turning point is 19,203$. (ii) Renewable energy consumption and human capital have heterogeneous effects on carbon emissions in before- and after-EKC turning points. Specifically, renewable energy consumption has a better emission reduction effect for countries before the EKC turning point, with effects of -0.4334 and -0.1598, respectively; human capital has a better emission reduction effect for countries after the EKC turning point, with effects of -0.6311 and -0.3398, respectively.(iii) the mitigation effect of trade openness on carbon emissions is only effective in countries with weak decoupling after EKC turning points, with a mitigating effect of -0.0615. However, natural resource rents increase carbon emissions in most countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Xinjiang University, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang, 830046, China; School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China.
| | - Fuyu Zhang
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China
| | - Rongrong Li
- School of Economics and Management, Xinjiang University, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang, 830046, China; School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, China.
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31
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Cil N. Re-examination of pollution haven hypothesis for Turkey with Fourier approach. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:10024-10036. [PMID: 36066800 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22800-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate the possible impact of foreign direct investment inflows (FDI) on environmental pollution and to test the validity of the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH) in the case of Turkey over the period 1970-2020. For this purpose, we apply the Fourier approximation to determine stochastic properties of the variables that are FDI, economic growth, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions used in empirical analysis and the relationship between them. The advantage of the Fourier approximation is capable of capturing possible structural breaks in unknown forms and numbers in the series. According to Fourier KPSS and Fourier FADF tests, all series are stationary at order one, I (1). Fourier Shin and Fourier ADL cointegration tests put forth evidence of the existence of a long-term relationship between CO2, GDP, EC, and FDI. FMOLS expanded with Fourier terms suggesting that FDI has relatively little but a positive impact on CO2 emissions, so we conclude that PHH is valid for Turkey. The other finding reveals that there exists an inverted U-shape relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions. According to this result, the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for Turkey is also supported. Another remark of this paper is that energy consumption significantly increases environmental degradation in Turkey. These findings also are supported by Fourier Toda and Yamamoto causality test. There is a causality relationship from GDP, EC, and FDI to CO2 emissions. These findings offer useful recommendations for policymakers: the FDI, which uses new and clean technology, should be encouraged and implemented energy policies should be energy intensity reducer and efficiency increaser for reducing environmental pollution in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilgun Cil
- Faculty of Economics, Department of Econometrics, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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32
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Wang Q, Yang T, Li R. Does income inequality reshape the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis? A nonlinear panel data analysis. Environ Res 2023; 216:114575. [PMID: 36252836 PMCID: PMC9561443 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has further increased income inequality. This work is aimed to explore the impact of income inequality on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. To this end, income inequality is set as the threshold variable, economic growth is set as the explanatory variable, while carbon emission is set as the explained variable, and the threshold panel model is developed using the data of 56 countries. The empirical results show that income inequality has changed the relationship between economic growth and carbon emissions from an inverted U-shaped to an N-shaped, which means that income inequality redefines the environmental Kuznets curve and increases the complexity of the decoupling of economic growth and carbon emissions. Specifically, economic growth significantly increases carbon emissions during periods of low income inequality, however, as income inequality increases, economic growth in turn suppresses carbon emissions. In the period of high income inequality, economic growth inhibits the increase of carbon emissions. However, with the increase of income inequality, the impact of economic growth on carbon emission changes from inhibiting to promoting. Panel regressions for robustness tests show that this phenomenon is more pronounced in high-income countries. We therefore contend that the excessive income inequality is bad for the win-win goal of economic growth without carbon emission growth, and the income distribution policy should be included in the carbon neutral strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Xinjiang University, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang, 830046, People's Republic of China; School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ting Yang
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongrong Li
- School of Economics and Management, Xinjiang University, Wulumuqi, Xinjiang, 830046, People's Republic of China; School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, 266580, People's Republic of China.
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33
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Tuna E, Evren A, Ustaoğlu E, Şahin B, Şahinbaşoğlu ZZ. Testing Nonlinearity with Rényi and Tsallis Mutual Information with an Application in the EKC Hypothesis. Entropy (Basel) 2022; 25:79. [PMID: 36673220 PMCID: PMC9857815 DOI: 10.3390/e25010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The nature of dependence between random variables has always been the subject of many statistical problems for over a century. Yet today, there is a great deal of research on this topic, especially focusing on the analysis of nonlinearity. Shannon mutual information has been considered to be the most comprehensive measure of dependence for evaluating total dependence, and several methods have been suggested for discerning the linear and nonlinear components of dependence between two variables. We, in this study, propose employing the Rényi and Tsallis mutual information measures for measuring total dependence because of their parametric nature. We first use a residual analysis in order to remove linear dependence between the variables, and then we compare the Rényi and Tsallis mutual information measures of the original data with that the lacking linear component to determine the degree of nonlinearity. A comparison against the values of the Shannon mutual information measure is also provided. Finally, we apply our method to the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) and demonstrate the validity of the EKC hypothesis for Eastern Asian and Asia-Pacific countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Tuna
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Sciences and Literature, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa, Esenler, 34210 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Atıf Evren
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Sciences and Literature, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa, Esenler, 34210 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erhan Ustaoğlu
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Management, Marmara University, Göztepe, 34180 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Büşra Şahin
- Department of Computer, Faculty of Engineering, Halic University, Eyupsultan, 34060 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Zeynep Şahinbaşoğlu
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Sciences and Literature, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpasa, Esenler, 34210 Istanbul, Turkey
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34
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Fakher HA, Inglesi-Lotz R. Revisiting environmental Kuznets curve: an investigation of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption role. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:87583-87601. [PMID: 35816255 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21776-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Empirical studies on the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis have not reached a consensus on their findings because different environmental indicators are used, among other reasons. So, this study proposes using a composite index encompassing all dimensions of environmental pollution, using the composite environmental quality index (CEQI) which is introduced by Fakher et al. (Environ Sci Pollut Res 28(43): 61096-61114, 2021b). To do so, continuously updated fully modified (CUP-FM) and continuously updated bias-corrected (CUP-BC) techniques are used for the panel of selected Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries and Organization in the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) from 2000 to 2019. The findings show that the EKC hypothesis is confirmed in the inverted N-patterned relationship for the OPEC countries and an inverted U-patterned relationship for the OECD countries. Our findings also declare that consumption of renewable energies (REC) significantly increases environmental quality (EQ) while consumption of non-renewable energies (NREC) adds to environmental degradation (ED). Further, the role of financial development (FD) in our composite index is respectively negative and positive for sampled OPEC and OECD economies. The positive coefficient of combined trade share (CTS) in both groups of studied countries indicates that this variable works to reduce ED. Lastly, the implications of these findings for economic-environmental policies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ali Fakher
- Department of Business Management, Ayandegan Institute of Higher Education, Tonekabon, Iran.
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35
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Yasin I, Naseem S, Anwar MA, Madni GR, Mahmood H, Murshed M. An analysis of the environmental impacts of ethnic diversity, financial development, economic growth, urbanization, and energy consumption: fresh evidence from less-developed countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:79306-79319. [PMID: 35708807 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Improving the quality of environmental indicators has become a global concern that necessitates the identification of possible channels through which environmental welfare can be enhanced worldwide. Against this backdrop, this current study aims to elucidate the environmental effects of ethnic diversity, controlling for financial development, urbanization, economic growth, and energy consumption in the context of 51 less-developed countries during the period from 1996 to 2016. For measuring the environmental impacts, we use both the ecological footprint and carbon dioxide emission figures of these countries. Overall, the cointegration analysis confirms the existence of long-run relationships among the study variables. Besides, the regression analysis reveals that ethnic diversity deteriorates environmental quality by surging the ecological footprint and carbon dioxide emission levels of the selected nations. Similarly, financial development and energy consumption are found to impose identical adversities on the environment while urbanization is evidenced to ensure environmental welfare. Lastly, for both the environmental indicators considered in this study, the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis is verified from the findings. Hence, considering these key outcomes, a set of relevant environmental welfare-related policy interventions are recommended in the context of less-developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Yasin
- Department of Economics, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sana Naseem
- Department of Accounting and Finance, College of Business Administration, Al Yamamah University, P.O. Box 13541, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Awais Anwar
- Department of Economics, Division of Management and Administrative Sciences, University of Education, LMC, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Rasool Madni
- Department of Economics, Division of Management and Administrative Sciences, University of Education, LMC, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Haider Mahmood
- Department of Finance, College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 173 Alkharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muntasir Murshed
- School of Business and Economics, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.
- Department of Journalism, Media and Communications, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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36
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Pata UK, Yurtkuran S. Is the EKC hypothesis valid in the five highly globalized countries of the European Union? An empirical investigation with smooth structural shifts. Environ Monit Assess 2022; 195:17. [PMID: 36273053 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10660-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzes the impact of globalization and income on ecological footprint over the period of 1970 to 2018 in the five highly globalized countries of the European Union ranked by the KOF index. To this end, the study uses a Fourier autoregressive distributed lag cointegration and Fourier Toda-Yamamoto causality methods. Studies that examine the effects of globalization on environmental degradation often neglect structural changes, which can lead to biased results. Using Fourier approximations, this study is the first to conduct an environmental assessment incorporating smooth structural changes for the five highly globalized countries of the European Union. The results show that (i) cointegration exists in Switzerland, Sweden, the Netherlands, Austria, and Denmark. (ii) The EKC hypothesis is valid for Switzerland and Denmark, while in Sweden and Austria, there is a U-shaped relationship between income and ecological footprint. (iii) The turning point at which income improves environmental quality is $68,191 for Switzerland and $46,600 for Denmark, and both countries have exceeded this per capita income level. (iv) Globalization is a factor that promotes environmental sustainability in Switzerland and the Netherlands. In order to regulate and manage environmental issues effectively, policy-makers should take advantage of economic development in Switzerland and Denmark as well as globalization in the Netherlands and Switzerland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Korkut Pata
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Economics, Osmaniye Korkut Ata University, Merkez, 80000, Osmaniye, Turkey.
| | - Suleyman Yurtkuran
- Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, Department of International Trade and Logistics, Trabzon University, 61040, Ortahisar, Trabzon, Turkey
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37
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Lu H, Liu Y, Ali A, Tian R, Chen Y, Luo Y. Empirical analysis of the impact of China-Japan-South Korea transportation infrastructure investment on environmental degradation and the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. Front Psychol 2022; 13:977466. [PMID: 36329750 PMCID: PMC9624248 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.977466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Building sustainable and affordable transport systems is a key issue for social development and sustainable urban expansion. The study used dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) to examine the impact of transport infrastructure investment on environmental degradation in China, Japan, and South Korea over the period 1995-2020 and the validity of the EKC hypothesis. The results show that GDP has a significant positive effect, and GDP2 and GDP3 have significant adverse effects on environmental degradation, respectively. These results confirm the validity of the inverted U shaped EKC hypothesis in selected Asian countries. Road infrastructure investment has a significant positive effect, while railway infrastructure investment has a significant adverse effect on environmental degradation. Air infrastructure investment and trade opening have a progressive and statistically significant impact on environmental pollution. Modern rail systems that run on electricity are considered less polluting, so the share of rail infrastructure investment in the transport mix can help build sustainable and safe transport systems at the city Centre and intercity levels and reduce emissions in Asian countries. Moreover, strict enforcement of the prevailing environmental conditions of trade agreements should be encouraged to reduce the increasing impact of free trade on environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Lu
- School of Economics, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuanhao Liu
- Faculty of Management and Economics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Arshad Ali
- Department of Economics and Finance, Greenwich University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rongzhi Tian
- Institute for International Strategic Studies, CCPS Central Party School, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanchun Chen
- Business School, Zhengzhou University of Industrial Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanwei Luo
- Guangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanning, China
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38
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Alam N, Hashmi NI, Jamil SA, Murshed M, Mahmood H, Alam S. The marginal effects of economic growth, financial development, and low-carbon energy use on carbon footprints in Oman: fresh evidence from autoregressive distributed lag model analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:76432-76445. [PMID: 35670939 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21211-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oman is committed to turning carbon neutral by 2040 whereby identifying the environmental sustainability-stimulating factors has become a critically important agenda for the nation. Against this backdrop, this study attempts to evaluate the marginal effects of economic growth, financial development, and low-carbon energy use on Oman's carbon footprint levels using quarterly frequency data spanning from 1984Q1 to 2018Q4. Controlling for structural break concerns in the data, the results from the empirical analysis verify the carbon footprint-related environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for Oman in the long-run. In this regard, the threshold level of per capita real GDP level of Oman is predicted at around US $23,500 which is below the average and maximum per capita real GDP level of Oman during the period considered in this study. Besides, the development of the financial sector and scaling up consumption of low-carbon energy resources are evidenced to boost and curb Oman's short- and long-run carbon footprint figures, respectively. More importantly, the joint carbon footprint-mitigating impact of financial development and low-carbon energy use is also unearthed from the findings. In line with these major findings, a couple of relevant policy interventions are suggested to help Oman accomplish its 2040 carbon-neutrality agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naushad Alam
- Department of Finance and Economics, College of Commerce and Business Administration, Dhofar University, Salalah, Oman
| | - Nazia Iqbal Hashmi
- Department of Finance, College of Business Administration, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Ahsan Jamil
- Department of Finance and Economics, College of Commerce and Business Administration, Dhofar University, Salalah, Oman
| | - Muntasir Murshed
- School of Business and Economics, North South University, Dhaka-1229, Bangladesh.
- Department of Journalism, Media and Communications, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
- Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies (BIDS), E-17 Agargaon, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh.
| | - Haider Mahmood
- Department of Finance, College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 173 Alkharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shabbir Alam
- Department of Economics and Finance, College of Business Administration, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, Bahrain
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39
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Beyene SD. Human activities and environmental quality: evidence beyond the conventional EKC hypothesis. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10756. [PMID: 36193533 PMCID: PMC9525903 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to several types of human activities, the environment of African countries has not improved. Moreover, environmental economists have criticised the traditional Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis because it does not analyse the feedback effect of the environment on economic growth and does not measure environmental pollution broadly. Besides, empirical studies that comprehensively measure the environment and examine the feedback effect are not available in Africa’s case. In addition, findings concerning the association between human activities and Environmental Quality (EQ) have been paid limited attention to Africa, although 50% of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) focus on these issues. Therefore, this study examines the link between human activities and EQ as well as the effect of EQ on growth for 38 African countries from 2000 to 2018. The study found that EQ has a positive and non-linear association with human capital, technology, and urbanisation. However, it has a negative and non-linear association with GDP Per Capita (GDPPC) and trade openness. Further, EQ significantly increases GDPPC. The study also recommends that African countries need to invest in improving Human Development Index (HDI), use green or low-carbon technologies, reduce migration from rural to urban, develop comprehensive urban planning, and design and implement appropriate trade policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisay Demissew Beyene
- College of Business and Economics, Department of Economics, Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia
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Qu Y, Zhang Q, Zhan L, Jiang G, Si H. Understanding the nonpoint source pollution loads' spatiotemporal dynamic response to intensive land use in rural China. J Environ Manage 2022; 315:115066. [PMID: 35487162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of land resources and environmental pollution in rural areas are two major problems prevalent in China and even the world. It is unknown whether improving the degree of intensive use of rural land can reduce environmental pollution; whether environmental pollution will be promoted or inhibited still lacks in-depth discussion. This paper first provides a theoretical analysis of the generation process of nonpoint source pollution loads (NPSP) in rural land use (RLU) and the mechanism and path of intensive rural land use (IRLU) to reduce agricultural nonpoint source pollution loads (ANPSP). Then, it takes 31 provinces in China from 1978 to 2019 as the research object to examine the temporal and spatial evolution features of IRLU and ANPSP. Furthermore, the paper uses the decoupling model and the Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) model to test the linear and nonlinear relationship between the two. The research shows that the degree of IRLU in China decreased from 0.54 in 1978 to 0.27 in 2006, and then continuously increased to 0.56 in 2019. Moreover, the ANPSP continued to increase from 1955.14 t in 1978-3622.74 t in 2019. The decoupling relationship between the degree of IRLU and environmental pollution experienced the evolution process of "negative decoupling-decoupling", and the EKC had an "inverted N-shaped" characteristic. Overall, China shows that the IRLU helps to reduce ANPSP. At the same time, it was also found that there is obvious heterogeneity among the 31 provinces used in this research in China. Among them, the degree of intensive land use (ILU) in the principal grain-producing regions tends to be better and stable, while other areas show fluctuating changes. The ANPSP in economically developed areas gradually decreases, while that in underdeveloped areas continues to increase. More than 80% of the provinces in China show a trend of IRLU to advance the reduction of ANPSP, but there has also been an increase in the over-intensification of RLU in some major grain-producing areas. The research concludes that there is an inevitable relationship between RLU and ANPSP. Appropriately increasing ILU has a positive effect on decreasing ANPSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Qu
- School of Economics, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan 250014, China; School of Public Administration and Policy, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Qingqing Zhang
- School of Economics, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Lingyun Zhan
- School of Public Administration and Policy, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Guanghui Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Process and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Hongyun Si
- School of Public Administration and Policy, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan 250014, China.
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Ongan S, Işık C, Bulut U, Karakaya S, Alvarado R, Irfan M, Ahmad M, Rehman A, Hussain I. Retesting the EKC hypothesis through transmission of the ARMEY curve model: an alternative composite model approach with theory and policy implications for NAFTA countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:46587-46599. [PMID: 35169946 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19106-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for the NAFTA countries. In this investigation, we approach this hypothesis from a different methodology and propose employing the ARMEY curve hypothesis since the mathematical-functional propositions of both hypotheses were constructed on the same inverted U-shaped relationships. Thus, for the first time, it can be interpreted that the EKC hypothesis is empirically tested through a transmission mechanism of the ARMEY curve hypothesis in a single composite model. Therefore, this approach makes our study different from all empirical studies in the relevant literature. We apply the Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimator to this aim. Empirical findings indicate that the ARMEY curve hypothesis was verified only for the USA. However, this new approach proposed in this study cannot test the EKC hypothesis through the ARMEY curve model for any NAFTA country since this approach requires verification of the ARMEY curve hypothesis and a significant composite model for the same NAFTA country. If our composite model was significant, it might make it possible to numerically determine a maximum real GDP per capita level that would minimize or maximize CO2 emission levels for the USA. Therefore, this study introduces-proposes this new methodology as an alternative way of testing the EKC hypothesis in the relevant literature for future empirical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serdar Ongan
- Department of Economics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Cem Işık
- Faculty of Tourism, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Umit Bulut
- Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Kirsehir Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir, Turkey
| | - Sahir Karakaya
- Department of Economics, Galatasaray University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Rafael Alvarado
- Esai Business School, Universidad Espritu Santo, Samborondon, 091650, Ecuador
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Center for Energy and Environmental Policy Research, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
- Department of Business Administration, ILMA University, Karachi, 75190, Pakistan
| | - Munir Ahmad
- School of Economics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Abdul Rehman
- College of Economics and Management, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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Kassi DF, Li Y, Riaz A, Wang X, Batala LK. Conditional effect of governance quality on the finance-environment nexus in a multivariate EKC framework: evidence from the method of moments-quantile regression with fixed-effects models. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:52915-52939. [PMID: 35275368 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-18674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the mitigating effect of governance quality on the finance-environment nexus in a multivariate EKC framework in 123 selected countries during the 1990-2017 period. We mainly employ the method of moments-quantile regression (MM-QR) with the fixed-effects model, among others. First, the MM-QR estimator reveals that financial development reduces environmental quality more significantly in countries with initially higher levels (the 75th and 90th quantiles) of CO2 emissions than in other countries (the 25th and 10th quantiles). Second, the attenuating effect of governance quality on the finance-environment nexus is more remarkable in nations with low initial levels (the 25th and 10th quantiles) of CO2 emissions. Third, we find that the marginal positive effect of financial development on CO2 emissions is smaller under a good regulatory framework than under corruption control and the rule of law, especially in the top emitters (the 75th and 90th quantiles). Fourth, unlike oil, which has a considerable negative impact on the environmental quality of the major emitters, renewable energy usage reduces CO2 emissions in countries in all quantiles, primarily in the lowest quantiles. Fifth, the findings also show that urbanization dramatically worsens environmental quality in all economies, particularly those in the lowest quantiles. Finally, we confirm that the EKC hypothesis holds in all countries across different quantiles. The study's final section discusses policy implications for sustainable development in all countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diby Francois Kassi
- Business School, Henan University, Jinming Campus, Kaifeng, 475001, People's Republic of China
- Department of Economics and Management, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny (UFHB), Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Yao Li
- Business School, Henan University, Jinming Campus, Kaifeng, 475001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Adeel Riaz
- Business School, Henan University, Jinming Campus, Kaifeng, 475001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Business School, Henan University, Jinming Campus, Kaifeng, 475001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lochan Kumar Batala
- Business School, Henan University, Jinming Campus, Kaifeng, 475001, People's Republic of China
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Ali A, Radulescu M, Lorente DB, Hoang VNV. An analysis of the impact of clean and non-clean energy consumption on economic growth and carbon emission: evidence from PIMC countries. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:51442-51455. [PMID: 35243579 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19284-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study empirically estimates the impact of clean and non-clean energy consumption on economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions within the framework of the environmental Kuznets curve and pollution haven hypothesis in the case of PIMC countries from 1980 to 2019. The results of the panel cointegration test proposed by Westerlund (2007) show a long-term equilibrium relationship among the variables of each designated model. The long-term elasticities of economic growth and carbon emission estimated by AMG, CCEMG, and MG estimators indicate that both clean and non-clean energy consumption has a significant impact on economic growth, while carbon emission hinders growth. The results also reveal that economic growth, non-clean energy consumption, and interaction between trade openness and non-clean energy consumption have a driving effect on carbon dioxide emission; however, clean energy consumption is found to reduce carbon emission. In addition, the analysis confirms the existence of the inverted U-shaped environmental Kuznets curve and pollution haven hypothesis in the panel of PIMC economies. Finally, there is a one-way causality from non-clean energy consumption to economic growth, but no such causation exists between clean energy consumption and economic growth. The objective of sustained economic growth with a safe environment may be achieved by encouraging clean energy consumption in the PIMC economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Ali
- Department of Economics and Finance (HOD), Greenwich University, DK-10 38th St, D.H.A Phase 6 Darakhshan Villas Phase 6 Darakshan, Karachi, Karachi City, 75500, Sindh, Pakistan.
- School of Economics and Finance, QUT Business School, CRICOS No. 00213J, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Magdalena Radulescu
- Department of Finance, Accounting and Economics, University of Pitesti, 110040, Pitesti, Romania
- Institute for Doctoral and Post-Doctoral Studies, University "Lucian Blaga" Sibiu, Bd. Victoriei, No. 10, 550024, Sibiu, Romania
| | - Daniel Balsalobre Lorente
- Department of Political Economy and Public Finance, Economics and Business Statistics and Economic Policy, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 16002, Cuenca, Spain
- Department of Applied Economics, International Economy Institute University of Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, 03690, Alicante, Spain
| | - Viet-Ngu Vincent Hoang
- School of Economics and Finance, QUT Business School, CRICOS No. 00213J, Brisbane, Australia
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Usman O. Modelling the economic and social issues related to environmental quality in Nigeria: the role of economic growth and internal conflict. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:39209-39227. [PMID: 35099692 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18157-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, environmental quality-related issues have occupied a central place in the global discourse with greater concerns to the risk of civil war, terrorism/political violence, civil disorders, and corruption which alter economic sustenance and social structures in the world. This study presents and analyses an empirical model of economic and social issues related to environmental quality within the context of the environment Kuznets curve (EKC) in Nigeria between 1990 and 2016. The empirical results based on the standard ARDL model show that increases in internal conflict and corruption are environmentally deteriorative while increases in renewable energy consumption are found to be a major driver behind environmental quality improvement. The results also show that economic growth stimulates environmental degradation and hence validates the EKC hypothesis in Nigeria. These results are robust across the estimates of the dynamic ARDL simulations with deviation only in the responses ofshocks to internal conflict and corruption which significantly dampen environmental degradation in the short run--and the predicted values remain large over the long run. Furthermore, a unidirectional causal relationship flows from economic growth to ecological footprint, renewable energy, and corruption. Also, renewable energy has a predictive power for ecological footprint. In addition, internal conflict predicts renewable energy, while a change in internal conflict is caused by corruption. These findings, therefore, provide insightful policy implications for stimulating the consumption of renewable energy as a tool for sustainable cleaner environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ojonugwa Usman
- Department of Accounting Education, School of Business Education, Federal College of Education (Technical), Potiskum, Nigeria.
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Alhassan H, Kwakwa PA, Donkoh SA. The interrelationships among financial development, economic growth and environmental sustainability: evidence from Ghana. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:37057-37070. [PMID: 35031987 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17963-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A well established and developed financial system encourages savings and investment which stimulates economic growth. However, the link between financial development and the environment is ambiguous. In general, the role that the environment plays in the finance-growth nexus has received less attention, to the best of our knowledge. Against this backdrop, this study aims to examine the interrelationships among economic growth, financial development and carbon dioxide emissions for Ghana over the period of 1971-2018. To correct for a possible endogeneity problem, the three-stage least-square (3SLS) technique was employed. The results revealed that there is a bidirectional relationship between financial development and economic growth; and a unidirectional relationship from financial development to carbon dioxide emission. However, carbon dioxide emission has a neutral effect on economic growth and financial development. Economic growth exhibits an inverted U-shaped relationship with carbon dioxide emission, confirming the existence of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in Ghana. Policymakers should consider the critical roles of financial development in achieving environmentally friendly growth in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdiyah Alhassan
- School of Applied Economics and Management Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
- Kazuhiko Takeuchi Centre for Sustainability and Resilience, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Paul Adjei Kwakwa
- School of Management Sciences and Law, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, Ghana.
| | - Samuel Arkoh Donkoh
- School of Applied Economics and Management Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
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Rej S, Bandyopadhyay A, Mahmood H, Murshed M, Mahmud S. The role of liquefied petroleum gas in decarbonizing India: fresh evidence from wavelet-partial wavelet coherence approach. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:35862-35883. [PMID: 35060031 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17471-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
India is predominantly a fossil fuel-intensive South Asian country that has traditionally settled for higher economic gains at the expense of lower environmental quality. However, in the contemporary era, it has become essential for India to come up with viable solutions that can enable the nation to transform its economy into a low-carbon one. Although replacing fossil fuel use with renewable energy sources is assumed to be the ideal pathway to decarbonizing the Indian economy, achieving this clean energy transition involves a long-term process. Thus, the Indian government should rather consider adoption of interim solutions to the environmental pollution problems faced by the nation. Against this backdrop, this study looks at whether enhancing the consumption level of liquefied petroleum gas, a relatively cleaner fossil fuel, can help India reduce its carbon dioxide emissions figures and attain environmentally sustainable economic growth. The econometric analysis is designed as per the theoretical framework of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis whereby the effects of economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions are examined controlling for liquefied petroleum gas consumption in the context of India between 1990 and 2018. Based on the findings from the autoregressive distributed lag model bounds test analysis, it is witnessed that there are long-run cointegrating relationships among per capita levels of carbon dioxide emissions, real gross domestic product, and liquefied petroleum gas consumption of India. Besides, the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis is found to be valid only in the short run; however, it does not sustain in the long run since the economic growth-carbon dioxide emissions nexus is observed to follow a U-shaped relationship in the long run. Moreover, higher liquefied petroleum gas consumption is found to boost carbon dioxide emissions in the short run while reducing it in the long run. Furthermore, the findings from the wavelet and partial wavelet coherence and causality analyses also advocate in favor of promoting the use of liquefied petroleum gas in India in order to significantly curb the energy use-related carbon dioxide emission figures of the nation. Hence, considering these important findings, this study recommends that the Indian government should design policies for augmenting liquefied petroleum gas into the national energy mix and also adopt relevant green economic growth strategies in order to facilitate environmentally-sustainable growth of its economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumen Rej
- Vinod Gupta School of Management, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Arunava Bandyopadhyay
- Vinod Gupta School of Management, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
| | - Haider Mahmood
- Department of Finance, College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 173, 11942, AlKharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muntasir Murshed
- School of Business and Economics, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.
| | - Sakib Mahmud
- Department of Economics, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Sadar-3114, Bangladesh
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Wyckhuys KAG, Zou Y, Wanger TC, Zhou W, Gc YD, Lu Y. Agro-ecology science relates to economic development but not global pesticide pollution. J Environ Manage 2022; 307:114529. [PMID: 35065383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic pesticides are core features of input-intensive agriculture and act as major pollutants driving environmental change. Agroecological science has unveiled the benefits of biodiversity for pest control, but research implementation at the farm-level is still difficult. Here we address this implementation gap by using a bibliometric approach, quantifying how countries' scientific progress in agro-ecology relates to pesticide application regimes. Among 153 countries, economic development does spur scientific innovation but irregularly bears reductions in pesticide use. Some emerging economies bend the Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) - the observed environmental pollution by a country's wealth - for pesticides and few high-income countries exhibit a weak agro-ecology 'technique effect'. Our findings support recent calls for large-scale investments in nature-positive agriculture, underlining how agro-ecology can mend the ecological resilience, carbon footprint, and human health impacts of intensive agriculture. Yet, in order to effectively translate science into practice, scientific progress needs to be paralleled by policy-change, farmer education and broader awareness-raising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris A G Wyckhuys
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China; University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Chrysalis Consulting, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Yi Zou
- Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Thomas C Wanger
- Westlake University, Hangzhou, China; University of Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wenwu Zhou
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yubak Dhoj Gc
- United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yanhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Murshed M, Mahmood H, Ahmad P, Rehman A, Alam MS. Pathways to Argentina's 2050 carbon-neutrality agenda: the roles of renewable energy transition and trade globalization. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:29949-29966. [PMID: 34993800 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
The government of Argentina has recently declared its objective of turning the nation carbon-neutral by 2050. Thus, it is essential to identify the relevant factors which can facilitate the attainment of this environmental development target. Against this backdrop, this study aims to evaluate the impacts of renewable electricity output, trade globalization, economic growth, financial development, urbanization, and technological innovation on sectoral carbon dioxide emissions in Argentina during the 1971-2014 period. The findings, overall, suggest that enhancing renewable electricity output share in the total electricity output figure of the nation helps to curb carbon dioxide emissions generated from Argentina's energy, manufacturing and industry, residential and commercial buildings, and transportation sectors. Contrarily, greater trade globalization is evidenced to boost carbon dioxide emissions in almost all the aforementioned economic sectors. Besides, the findings also validate the existence of the carbon dioxide emission-induced environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for all four sectors. In addition, financial development and urbanization are also evidenced to exert carbon dioxide emission-stimulating impacts, while technological innovation is witnessed to be necessary for curbing sector-based carbon dioxide emissions in Argentina. Accordingly, to decarbonize the economy, this study recommends the government of Argentina to adopt necessary policies for fostering renewable energy transition within the electricity sector, greening the trade globalization strategies, achieving environmentally sustainable economic growth, developing the financial sector by introducing green financial schemes, planning sustainable urbanization, and financing technological development-oriented projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muntasir Murshed
- School of Business and Economics, North South University, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh.
| | - Haider Mahmood
- Department of Finance, College of Business Administration, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 173, Alkharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paiman Ahmad
- Department of Law, College of Humanity Sciences, University of Raparin, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
- International Relations and Diplomacy Department, Faculty of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Abdul Rehman
- College of Economics and Management, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Md Shabbir Alam
- Department of Economics & Finance, College of Business Administration, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, Bahrain
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Rout SK, Gupta M, Sahoo M. The role of technological innovation and diffusion, energy consumption and financial development in affecting ecological footprint in BRICS: an empirical analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:25318-25335. [PMID: 34841485 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17734-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Economic activities, technological innovation and diffusion, energy consumption and financial development have been significant in BRICS countries over the last three decades. Corresponding to it, BRICS have been facing substantial environmental deterioration. The growth of such factors needs a comprehensive analysis. Hence, this paper examines the impact of technological innovation and diffusion, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and financial development on ecological footprint under the Kuznets framework in BRICS countries over the time from 1990 to 2018. To confirm the long- and short-run relationship, we apply the second-generation and heterogeneity panel techniques. Where, to measure the impact of technological innovation and diffusion, energy consumption and financial development and other control variable on ecological footprint we use Westerlund Co-integration and pooled mean group (PMG) model for this interest. The results reveal that technological diffusion and non-renewable energy consumption deteriorate environmental quality in the long run. In contrast, renewable energy and technological innovation improve environmental sustainability/quality significantly. Further, results also confirm the existence of the EKC hypothesis. The study suggests that the government should encourage technological innovation and renewable energy consumption to improve environmental quality and achieve the sustainable development goal (SDG).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar Rout
- Centre for Development Studies, Ulloor, Prasanth Nagar, Thiruvananthapuram, 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Mohini Gupta
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Uttar Pradesh, A-10 sector-62, Noida, 201309, India
| | - Malayaranjan Sahoo
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Rourkela, 769008, Odisha, India.
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Addai K, Serener B, Kirikkaleli D. Empirical analysis of the relationship among urbanization, economic growth and ecological footprint: evidence from Eastern Europe. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:27749-27760. [PMID: 34981376 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17311-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent environmental sustainability literature, ecological footprint is largely seen as the most appropriate indicator of environmental destruction. However, due to lack of clarity in its relationship with economic growth, ecosystem services, biodiversity and human well-being, serious academic and political attention on environmental sustainability has not really reflected on ecological footprint. Using CADF unit root test, Westerlund cointegration test, common correlated effects and Dumitrescu Hurlin causality approaches, we conduct empirical analysis of the relationship among urbanization, economic growth and ecological footprint: evidence from Eastern Europe between 1998Q4 and 2017Q4. We address the following protracted questions in the literature: (1) Can we find a relationship between ecological footprint, urbanization and growth? (2) What explains the relationship, if any? The outcomes of the Westerlund cointegration test reveal cointegration among the variables, (ii) the outcome of the Dumitrescu Hurlin causality test indicates that there is a long-run unidirectional causality running from growth to the ecological footprint and (iii) urbanization does not homogeneously cause ecological footprint. The study has implications for regional policy actions that could support the reduction of ecological deficits through growth and urbanization policies towards improving regional environmental quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwaku Addai
- Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, European University of Lefke, TR-10 Mersin, Lefke, Northern Cyprus, Turkey.
| | - Berna Serener
- Department of Banking and Finance, Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, European University of Lefke, TR-10 Mersin, Lefke, Northern Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Dervis Kirikkaleli
- Department of Banking and Finance, Faculty of Economic and Administrative Sciences, European University of Lefke, TR-10 Mersin, Lefke, Northern Cyprus, Turkey
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