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Boudjema AR, Al Jord A, Lemaître AI, Faucourt M, Delgehyr N, Spassky N, Meunier A. Live-Imaging Centriole Amplification in Mouse Brain Multiciliated Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2725:167-180. [PMID: 37856024 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3507-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Multiciliated cells (MCC) display on their apical surface hundreds of beating cilia that propel physiological fluids. They line brain ventricles where they propel the cerebrospinal liquid, airways where they clear mucus and pathogens and reproductive ducts where they concentrate the sperm in males or drive the egg along the oviducts in females. Motile cilia are nucleated from basal bodies which are modified centrioles. MCC therefore evade centriole archetypal duplication program to make several hundreds and nucleate an identical number of motile cilia. Defects in this centriole amplification process lead to severe human pathologies called "ciliary aplasia" or "acilia syndrome" and more recently renamed "reduced generation of motile cilia" (RGMC). Patients with this syndrome present frequent hydrocephaly, lung failure, and subfertility. In this manuscript, we describe the protocol we developed and optimized over the years to live image the centriole amplification dynamics. We explain why mouse brain MCC is a good model and provide the tips to enable successful spatially and temporally resolved monitoring of this massive organelle reorganization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie-Rose Boudjema
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), CNRS, UMR 8197, INSERM, U1024, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), Research University, Paris, France
| | - Adel Al Jord
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Collège de France, CNRS 7241 INSERM U1050, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Iris Lemaître
- Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Haut-Lévèque, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marion Faucourt
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), CNRS, UMR 8197, INSERM, U1024, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), Research University, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Delgehyr
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), CNRS, UMR 8197, INSERM, U1024, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), Research University, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Spassky
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), CNRS, UMR 8197, INSERM, U1024, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), Research University, Paris, France
| | - Alice Meunier
- Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), CNRS, UMR 8197, INSERM, U1024, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), Research University, Paris, France.
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Rodriguez-Jimenez FJ, Jendelova P, Erceg S. The activation of dormant ependymal cells following spinal cord injury. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:175. [PMID: 37408068 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03395-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ependymal cells, a dormant population of ciliated progenitors found within the central canal of the spinal cord, undergo significant alterations after spinal cord injury (SCI). Understanding the molecular events that induce ependymal cell activation after SCI represents the first step toward controlling the response of the endogenous regenerative machinery in damaged tissues. This response involves the activation of specific signaling pathways in the spinal cord that promotes self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation. We review our current understanding of the signaling pathways and molecular events that mediate the SCI-induced activation of ependymal cells by focusing on the roles of some cell adhesion molecules, cellular membrane receptors, ion channels (and their crosstalk), and transcription factors. An orchestrated response regulating the expression of receptors and ion channels fine-tunes and coordinates the activation of ependymal cells after SCI or cell transplantation. Understanding the major players in the activation of ependymal cells may help us to understand whether these cells represent a critical source of cells contributing to cellular replacement and tissue regeneration after SCI. A more complete understanding of the role and function of individual signaling pathways in endogenous spinal cord progenitors may foster the development of novel targeted therapies to induce the regeneration of the injured spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Rodriguez-Jimenez
- Stem Cell Therapies in Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, Research Center "Principe Felipe", C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Pavla Jendelova
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Slaven Erceg
- Stem Cell Therapies in Neurodegenerative Diseases Lab, Research Center "Principe Felipe", C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain.
- National Stem Cell Bank - Valencia Node, Research Center "Principe Felipe", C/Eduardo Primo Yúfera 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain.
- Department of Neuroregeneration, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Visser VL, Caçoilo A, Rusinek H, Weickenmeier J. Mechanical loading of the ventricular wall as a spatial indicator for periventricular white matter degeneration. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 143:105921. [PMID: 37269602 PMCID: PMC10266836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Progressive white matter degeneration in periventricular and deep white matter regions appears as white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on MRI scans. To date, periventricular WMHs are often associated with vascular dysfunction. Here, we demonstrate that ventricular inflation resulting from cerebral atrophy and hemodynamic pulsation with every heartbeat leads to a mechanical loading state of periventricular tissues that significantly affects the ventricular wall. Specifically, we present a physics-based modeling approach that provides a rationale for ependymal cell involvement in periventricular WMH formation. Building on eight previously created 2D finite element brain models, we introduce novel mechanomarkers for ependymal cell loading and geometric measures that characterize lateral ventricular shape. We show that our novel mechanomarkers, such as maximum ependymal cell deformations and maximum curvature of the ventricular wall, spatially overlap with periventricular WMH locations and are sensitive predictors for WMH formation. We also explore the role of the septum pellucidum in mitigating mechanical loading of the ventricular wall by constraining the radial expansion of the lateral ventricles during loading. Our models consistently show that ependymal cells are stretched thin only in the horns of the ventricles irrespective of ventricular shape. We therefore pose that periventricular WMH etiology is strongly linked to the deterioration of the over-stretched ventricular wall resulting in CSF leakage into periventricular white matter. Subsequent secondary damage mechanisms, including vascular degeneration, exacerbate lesion formation and lead to progressive growth into deep white matter regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery L Visser
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Andreia Caçoilo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, United States of America
| | - Henry Rusinek
- Department of Radiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Johannes Weickenmeier
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, United States of America.
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Liu S, Ma L, Qi B, Li Q, Chen Z, Jian F. Suppression of TGFβR-Smad3 pathway alleviates the syrinx induced by syringomyelia. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:98. [PMID: 37248485 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01048-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syringomyelia is a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) disorder resulted in separation of pain and temperature, dilation of central canal and formation of syrinx in central canal. It is unclear about mechanisms of the dilation and syrinx formation. We aimed to investigate roles of ependymal cells lining central canal on the dilation, trying to reduce syrinx formation in central canal. METHODS We employed 78 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats totally with syringomyelia to detect the contribution of ependymal cells to the dilation of central canal. Immunofluorescence was used to examine the activation of ependymal cells in 54 syringomyelia rat models. BrdU was used to indicate the proliferation of ependymal cells through intraperitoneal administration in 6 syringomyelia rat models. 18 rats with syringomyelia were injected with SIS3, an inhibitor of TGFβR-Smad3, and rats injected with DMSO were used as control. Among the 18 rats, 12 rats were used for observation of syrinx following SIS3 or DMSO administration by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on day 14 and day 30 under syringomyelia without decompression. All the data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (mean ± SD). Differences between groups were compared using the two-tailed Student's t-test or ANOVA. Differences were considered significant when *p < 0.05. RESULTS Our study showed the dilation and protrusions of central canal on day 5 and enlargement from day 14 after syringomyelia induction in rats with activation of ependymal cells lining central canal. Moreover, the ependymal cells contributed to protrusion formation possibly through migration along with central canal. Furthermore, suppression of TGFβR-Smad3 which was crucial for migration reversed the size of syrnix in central canal without treatment of decompression, suggesting TGFβR-Smad3 signal might be key for dilation of central canal and formation of syrinx. CONCLUSIONS The size of syrinx was decreased after SIS3 administration without decompression. Our study depicted the mechanisms of syrinx formation and suggested TGFβR-Smad3 signal might be key for dilation of central canal and formation of syrinx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, China International Neuroscience Institute, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China
- Cell Therapy Center, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Longbing Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, China International Neuroscience Institute, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Boling Qi
- Cell Therapy Center, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, China International Neuroscience Institute, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- Cell Therapy Center, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Fengzeng Jian
- Department of Neurosurgery, China International Neuroscience Institute, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun Street, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Spine Center, China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China.
- Lab of Spinal Cord Injury and Functional Reconstruction, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Research Center of Spine and Spinal Cord, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Beijing, China.
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Bramall AN, Anton ES, Kahle KT, Fecci PE. Navigating the ventricles: Novel insights into the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus. EBioMedicine 2022; 78:103931. [PMID: 35306341 PMCID: PMC8933686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital hydrocephalus occurs in one in 500-1000 babies born in the United States and acquired hydrocephalus may occur as the consequence of stroke, intraventricular and subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injuries, brain tumors, craniectomy or may be idiopathic, as in the case of normal pressure hydrocephalus. Irrespective of its prevalence and significant impact on quality of life, neurosurgeons still rely on invasive cerebrospinal fluid shunt systems for the treatment of hydrocephalus that are exceptionally prone to failure and/or infection. Further understanding of this process at a molecular level, therefore, may have profound implications for improving treatment and quality of life for millions of individuals worldwide. The purpose of this article is to review the current research landscape on hydrocephalus with a focus on recent advances in our understanding of cerebrospinal fluid pathways from an evolutionary, genetics and molecular perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa N Bramall
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Hospital, 2301 Erwin Rd., Durham, NC 27710, United States.
| | - E S Anton
- UNC Neuroscience Center and the Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kristopher T Kahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Peter E Fecci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Hospital, 2301 Erwin Rd., Durham, NC 27710, United States
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Uriarte M, De Francesco PN, Fernández G, Castrogiovanni D, D'Arcangelo M, Imbernon M, Cantel S, Denoyelle S, Fehrentz JA, Praetorius J, Prevot V, Perello M. Circulating ghrelin crosses the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier via growth hormone secretagogue receptor dependent and independent mechanisms. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 538:111449. [PMID: 34478806 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ghrelin is a peptide hormone mainly secreted from gastrointestinal tract that acts via the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), which is highly expressed in the brain. Strikingly, the accessibility of ghrelin to the brain seems to be limited and restricted to few brain areas. Previous studies in mice have shown that ghrelin can access the brain via the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier, an interface constituted by the choroid plexus and the hypothalamic tanycytes. Here, we performed a variety of in vivo and in vitro studies to test the hypothesis that the transport of ghrelin across the blood-CSF barrier occurs in a GHSR-dependent manner. In vivo, we found that the uptake of systemically administered fluorescent ghrelin in the choroid plexus epithelial (CPE) cells and in hypothalamic tanycytes depends on the presence of GHSR. Also, we detected lower levels of CSF ghrelin after a systemic ghrelin injection in GHSR-deficient mice, as compared to WT mice. In vitro, the internalization of fluorescent ghrelin was reduced in explants of choroid plexus from GHSR-deficient mice, and unaffected in primary cultures of hypothalamic tanycytes derived from GHSR-deficient mice. Finally, we found that the GHSR mRNA is detected in a pool of CPE cells, but is nearly undetectable in hypothalamic tanycytes with current approaches. Thus, our results suggest that circulating ghrelin crosses the blood-CSF barrier mainly by a mechanism that involves the GHSR, and also possibly via a GHSR-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia Uriarte
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, [Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission of the Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA) and National University of La Plata (UNLP)], La Plata, Argentina
| | - Pablo N De Francesco
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, [Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission of the Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA) and National University of La Plata (UNLP)], La Plata, Argentina
| | - Gimena Fernández
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, [Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission of the Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA) and National University of La Plata (UNLP)], La Plata, Argentina
| | - Daniel Castrogiovanni
- Cell Culture Facility of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission of the Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA) and National University of La Plata (UNLP)], La Plata, Argentina
| | - Micaela D'Arcangelo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, [Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission of the Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA) and National University of La Plata (UNLP)], La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mónica Imbernon
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR, S1172, Lille, France
| | - Sonia Cantel
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR, 5247, CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
| | - Severine Denoyelle
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR, 5247, CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Alain Fehrentz
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, UMR, 5247, CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Vincent Prevot
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, UMR, S1172, Lille, France
| | - Mario Perello
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, [Argentine Research Council (CONICET), Scientific Research Commission of the Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA) and National University of La Plata (UNLP)], La Plata, Argentina.
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Ma L, Du Y, Xu X, Feng H, Hui Y, Li N, Jiang G, Zhang X, Li X, Liu L. β-Catenin Deletion in Regional Neural Progenitors Leads to Congenital Hydrocephalus in Mice. Neurosci Bull 2021; 38:81-94. [PMID: 34460072 PMCID: PMC8782971 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00763-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital hydrocephalus is a major neurological disorder with high rates of morbidity and mortality; however, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Reproducible animal models mirroring both embryonic and postnatal hydrocephalus are also limited. Here, we describe a new mouse model of congenital hydrocephalus through knockout of β-catenin in Nkx2.1-expressing regional neural progenitors. Progressive ventriculomegaly and an enlarged brain were consistently observed in knockout mice from embryonic day 12.5 through to adulthood. Transcriptome profiling revealed severe dysfunctions in progenitor maintenance in the ventricular zone and therefore in cilium biogenesis after β-catenin knockout. Histological analyses also revealed an aberrant neuronal layout in both the ventral and dorsal telencephalon in hydrocephalic mice at both embryonic and postnatal stages. Thus, knockout of β-catenin in regional neural progenitors leads to congenital hydrocephalus and provides a reproducible animal model for studying pathological changes and developing therapeutic interventions for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120 China ,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China ,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120 China ,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Yanhua Du
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Xiangjie Xu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120 China ,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China ,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120 China
| | - Hexi Feng
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120 China ,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China ,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120 China
| | - Yi Hui
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120 China ,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China ,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120 China
| | - Nan Li
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120 China ,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China ,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120 China
| | - Guanyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120 China ,Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration of the Ministry of Education, Orthopaedic Department of Tongji Hospital, Shanghai, 200065 China ,Brain and Spinal Cord Innovative Research Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China ,Tsingtao Advanced Research Institute, Tongji University, Qingdao, 266071 China ,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120 China
| | - Xiaocui Li
- Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Ling Liu
- Translational Medical Center for Stem Cell Therapy, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120 China ,Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Shanghai Universities, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China ,Shanghai Institute of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Translation, Shanghai, 200120 China ,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092 China
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Kumar V, Umair Z, Kumar S, Goutam RS, Park S, Kim J. The regulatory roles of motile cilia in CSF circulation and hydrocephalus. Fluids Barriers CNS 2021; 18:31. [PMID: 34233705 PMCID: PMC8261947 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-021-00265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an ultra-filtrated colorless brain fluid that circulates within brain spaces like the ventricular cavities, subarachnoid space, and the spine. Its continuous flow serves many primary functions, including nourishment, brain protection, and waste removal. Main body The abnormal accumulation of CSF in brain cavities triggers severe hydrocephalus. Accumulating evidence had indicated that synchronized beats of motile cilia (cilia from multiciliated cells or the ependymal lining in brain ventricles) provide forceful pressure to generate and restrain CSF flow and maintain overall CSF circulation within brain spaces. In humans, the disorders caused by defective primary and/or motile cilia are generally referred to as ciliopathies. The key role of CSF circulation in brain development and its functioning has not been fully elucidated. Conclusions In this review, we briefly discuss the underlying role of motile cilia in CSF circulation and hydrocephalus. We have reviewed cilia and ciliated cells in the brain and the existing evidence for the regulatory role of functional cilia in CSF circulation in the brain. We further discuss the findings obtained for defective cilia and their potential involvement in hydrocephalus. Furthermore, this review will reinforce the idea of motile cilia as master regulators of CSF movements, brain development, and neuronal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Gangwon-Do, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Zobia Umair
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Gangwon-Do, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Shiv Kumar
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews, St. Mary's Quad, South Street. St. Andrews, Fife, KY16 9JP, UK
| | - Ravi Shankar Goutam
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Gangwon-Do, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Soochul Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Gangwon-Do, Chuncheon, 24252, Republic of Korea.
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Kimura T, Saito H, Kawasaki M, Takeichi M. CAMSAP3 is required for mTORC1-dependent ependymal cell growth and lateral ventricle shaping in mouse brains. Development 2021; 148:dev.195073. [PMID: 33462112 DOI: 10.1242/dev.195073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Microtubules (MTs) regulate numerous cellular processes, but their roles in brain morphogenesis are not well known. Here, we show that CAMSAP3, a non-centrosomal microtubule regulator, is important for shaping the lateral ventricles. In differentiating ependymal cells, CAMSAP3 became concentrated at the apical domains, serving to generate MT networks at these sites. Camsap3-mutated mice showed abnormally narrow lateral ventricles, in which excessive stenosis or fusion was induced, leading to a decrease of neural stem cells at the ventricular and subventricular zones. This defect was ascribed at least in part to a failure of neocortical ependymal cells to broaden their apical domain, a process necessary for expanding the ventricular cavities. mTORC1 was required for ependymal cell growth but its activity was downregulated in mutant cells. Lysosomes, which mediate mTORC1 activation, tended to be reduced at the apical regions of the mutant cells, along with disorganized apical MT networks at the corresponding sites. These findings suggest that CAMSAP3 supports mTORC1 signaling required for ependymal cell growth via MT network regulation, and, in turn, shaping of the lateral ventricles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Kimura
- Laboratory for Cell Adhesion and Tissue Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiroko Saito
- Laboratory for Cell Adhesion and Tissue Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Miwa Kawasaki
- Laboratory for Cell Adhesion and Tissue Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takeichi
- Laboratory for Cell Adhesion and Tissue Patterning, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
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Pearson A, Ajoy R, Crynen G, Reed JM, Algamal M, Mullan M, Purohit D, Crawford F, Ojo JO. Molecular abnormalities in autopsied brain tissue from the inferior horn of the lateral ventricles of nonagenarians and Alzheimer disease patients. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:317. [PMID: 32854643 PMCID: PMC7450601 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-020-01849-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ventricular system plays a vital role in blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) exchange and interstitial fluid-CSF drainage pathways. CSF is formed in the specialized secretory tissue called the choroid plexus, which consists of epithelial cells, fenestrated capillaries and the highly vascularized stroma. Very little is currently known about the role played by the ventricles and the choroid plexus tissue in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS In this study, we used our state-of-the-art proteomic platform, a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) approach coupled with Tandem Mass Tag isobaric labeling to conduct a detailed unbiased proteomic analyses of autopsied tissue isolated from the walls of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricles in AD (77.2 ± 0.6 yrs), age-matched controls (77.0 ± 0.5 yrs), and nonagenarian cases (93.2 ± 1.1 yrs). RESULTS Ingenuity pathway analyses identified phagosome maturation, impaired tight-junction signaling, and glucose/mannose metabolism as top significantly regulated pathways in controls vs nonagenarians. In matched-control vs AD cases we identified alterations in mitochondrial bioenergetics, oxidative stress, remodeling of epithelia adherens junction, macrophage recruitment and phagocytosis, and cytoskeletal dynamics. Nonagenarian vs AD cases demonstrated augmentation of oxidative stress, changes in gluconeogenesis-glycolysis pathways, and cellular effects of choroidal smooth muscle cell vasodilation. Amyloid plaque score uniquely correlated with remodeling of epithelial adherens junctions, Fc γ-receptor mediated phagocytosis, and alterations in RhoA signaling. Braak staging was uniquely correlated with altered iron homeostasis, superoxide radical degradation and phagosome maturation. CONCLUSIONS These changes provide novel insights to explain the compromise to the physiological properties and function of the ventricles/choroid plexus system in nonagenarian aging and AD pathogenesis. The pathways identified could provide new targets for therapeutic strategies to mitigate the divergent path towards AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Pearson
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, 34243, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Rosa Ajoy
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, 34243, USA
| | - Gogce Crynen
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, 34243, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Jon M Reed
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, 34243, USA
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, 06877, USA
| | - Moustafa Algamal
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, 34243, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Michael Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, 34243, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Dushyant Purohit
- Bronx Veteran Administration Hospital, Bronx, NY, 10468, USA
- Neuropathology Division, Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, 34243, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Joseph O Ojo
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, 34243, USA.
- The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.
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11
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Horiguchi K, Yoshida S, Hasegawa R, Takigami S, Ohsako S, Kato T, Kato Y. Isolation and characterization of cluster of differentiation 9-positive ependymal cells as potential adult neural stem/progenitor cells in the third ventricle of adult rats. Cell Tissue Res 2019; 379:497-509. [PMID: 31788760 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ependymal cells located above the ventricular zone of the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles and the spinal cord are thought to form part of the adult neurogenic niche. Many studies have focused on ependymal cells as potential adult neural stem/progenitor cells. To investigate the functions of ependymal cells, a simple method to isolate subtypes is needed. Accordingly, in this study, we evaluated the expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) 9 in ependymal cells by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that CD9-positive ependymal cells were also immunopositive for SRY-box 2, a stem/progenitor cell marker. We then isolated CD9-positive ependymal cells from the third ventricle using the pluriBead-cascade cell isolation system based on antibody-mediated binding of cells to beads of different sizes and their isolation with sieves of different mesh sizes. As a result, we succeeded in isolating CD9-positive populations with 86% purity of ependymal cells from the third ventricle. We next assayed whether isolated CD9-positive ependymal cells had neurospherogenic potential. Neurospheres were generated from CD9-positive ependymal cells of adult rats and were immunopositve for neuron, astrocyte, and oligodendrocyte markers after cultivation. Thus, based on these findings, we suggest that the isolated CD9-positive ependymal cells from the third ventricle included tanycytes, which are special ependymal cells in the ventricular zone of the third ventricle that form part of the adult neurogenic and gliogenic niche. These current findings improve our understanding of tanycytes in the adult third ventricle in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Horiguchi
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan.
- Institute of Endocrinology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.
| | - Saishu Yoshida
- Institute of Endocrinology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-25-8 Nishi-shinbashi, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Rumi Hasegawa
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
| | - Shu Takigami
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
| | - Shunji Ohsako
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Kyorin University, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
| | - Takako Kato
- Institute of Endocrinology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Institute of Endocrinology, Meiji University, 1-1-1 Higashi-mita, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8571, Japan.
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12
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Potter C, Razafsky D, Wozniak D, Casey M, Penrose S, Ge X, Mahjoub MR, Hodzic D. The KASH-containing isoform of Nesprin1 giant associates with ciliary rootlets of ependymal cells. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 115:82-91. [PMID: 29630990 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Biallelic nonsense mutations of SYNE1 underlie a variable array of cerebellar and non-cerebellar pathologies of unknown molecular etiology. SYNE1 encodes multiple isoforms of Nesprin1 that associate with the nuclear envelope, with large cerebellar synapses and with ciliary rootlets of photoreceptors. Using two novel mouse models, we determined the expression pattern of Nesprin1 isoforms in the cerebellum whose integrity and functions are invariably affected by SYNE1 mutations. We further show that a giant isoform of Nesprin1 associates with the ciliary rootlets of ependymal cells that line brain ventricles and establish that this giant ciliary isoform of Nesprin1 harbors a KASH domain. Whereas cerebellar phenotypes are not recapitulated in Nes1gSTOP/STOP mice, these mice display a significant increase of ventricular volume. Together, these data fuel novel hypotheses about the molecular pathogenesis of SYNE1 mutations and support that KASH proteins may localize beyond the nuclear envelope in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Potter
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - D Razafsky
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - D Wozniak
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - M Casey
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - S Penrose
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - X Ge
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - M R Mahjoub
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - D Hodzic
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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13
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Abdelhamed Z, Vuong SM, Hill L, Shula C, Timms A, Beier D, Campbell K, Mangano FT, Stottmann RW, Goto J. A mutation in Ccdc39 causes neonatal hydrocephalus with abnormal motile cilia development in mice. Development 2018; 145:145/1/dev154500. [PMID: 29317443 DOI: 10.1242/dev.154500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric hydrocephalus is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and is one of the most common congenital brain abnormalities. However, little is known about the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating CSF flow in the developing brain. Through whole-genome sequencing analysis, we report that a homozygous splice site mutation in coiled-coil domain containing 39 (Ccdc39) is responsible for early postnatal hydrocephalus in the progressive hydrocephalus (prh) mouse mutant. Ccdc39 is selectively expressed in embryonic choroid plexus and ependymal cells on the medial wall of the forebrain ventricle, and the protein is localized to the axoneme of motile cilia. The Ccdc39prh/prh ependymal cells develop shorter cilia with disorganized microtubules lacking the axonemal inner arm dynein. Using high-speed video microscopy, we show that an orchestrated ependymal ciliary beating pattern controls unidirectional CSF flow on the ventricular surface, which generates bulk CSF flow in the developing brain. Collectively, our data provide the first evidence for involvement of Ccdc39 in hydrocephalus and suggest that the proper development of medial wall ependymal cilia is crucial for normal mouse brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakia Abdelhamed
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45242, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine (Girls' Section), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Shawn M Vuong
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45242, USA
| | - Lauren Hill
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45242, USA
| | - Crystal Shula
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45242, USA
| | - Andrew Timms
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - David Beier
- Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Kenneth Campbell
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45242, USA.,Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45242 USA
| | - Francesco T Mangano
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45242, USA
| | - Rolf W Stottmann
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45242 USA .,Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45242 USA
| | - June Goto
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45242, USA
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14
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De Francesco PN, Castrogiovanni D, Uriarte M, Frassa V, Agosti F, Raingo J, Perello M. A simple strategy for culturing morphologically-conserved rat hypothalamic tanycytes. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 369:369-380. [PMID: 28413862 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Hypothalamic tanycytes are specialized bipolar ependymal cells that line the floor of the third ventricle. Given their strategic location, tanycytes are believed to play several key functions including being a selective barrier and controlling the amount of hypothalamic-derived factors reaching the anterior pituitary. The in vitro culture of these cells has proved to be difficult. Here, we report an improved method for the generation of primary cultures of rat hypothalamic tanycytes. Ependymal cultures were derived from tissue dissected out of the median eminence region of 10-day-old rats and cultured in a chemically defined medium containing DMEM:F12, serum albumin, insulin, transferrin and the antibiotic gentamycin. After 7 days in vitro, ∼30% of the cultured cells exhibited morphological features of tanycytes as observed by phase contrast or scanning electron microscopy. Tanycyte-like cells were strongly immuno-reactive for vimentin and dopamine-cAMP-regulated phospho-protein (DARPP-32) and weakly immune-reactive for glial fibrillary acidic protein. Tanycyte-like cells displayed a stable negative resting plasma membrane potential and failed to show spiking properties in response to current injections. When exposed to fluorescent beads in the culture medium, tanycyte-like cells exhibited a robust endocytosis. Thus, the present method effectively yields cultures containing tanycyte-like cells that resemble in vivo tanycytes in terms of morphologic features and molecular markers as well as electrical and endocytic activity. To our knowledge, this is the first protocol that allows the culturing of tanycyte-like cells that can be individually identified and that conserve the morphology of tanycytes in their natural physiological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Nicolás De Francesco
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, dependent of the Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA)], Calle 526 entre 10 y 11, PO Box 403, La Plata, 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel Castrogiovanni
- Cell Culture Facility of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, dependent of the Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA)], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maia Uriarte
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, dependent of the Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA)], Calle 526 entre 10 y 11, PO Box 403, La Plata, 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Victoria Frassa
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, dependent of the Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA)], Calle 526 entre 10 y 11, PO Box 403, La Plata, 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Francina Agosti
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, dependent of the Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA)], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jesica Raingo
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, dependent of the Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA)], La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario Perello
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology of the Multidisciplinary Institute of Cell Biology [IMBICE, dependent of the Argentine Research Council (CONICET) and Scientific Research Commission, Province of Buenos Aires (CIC-PBA)], Calle 526 entre 10 y 11, PO Box 403, La Plata, 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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15
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Cifuentes M, Baeza V, Arrabal PM, Visser R, Grondona JM, Saldivia N, Martínez F, Nualart F, Salazar K. Expression of a Novel Ciliary Protein, IIIG9, During the Differentiation and Maturation of Ependymal Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:1652-1664. [PMID: 28194645 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
IIIG9 is the regulatory subunit 32 of protein phosphatase 1 (PPP1R32), a key phosphatase in the regulation of ciliary movement. IIIG9 localization is restricted to cilia in the trachea, fallopian tube, and testicle, suggesting its involvement in the polarization of ciliary epithelium. In the adult brain, IIIG9 mRNA has only been detected in ciliated ependymal cells that cover the ventricular walls. In this work, we prepared a polyclonal antibody against rat IIIG9 and used this antibody to show for the first time the ciliary localization of this protein in adult ependymal cells. We demonstrated IIIG9 localization at the apical border of the ventricular wall of 17-day-old embryonic (E17) and 1-day-old postnatal (PN1) brains and at the level of ependymal cilia at 10- and 20-day-old postnatal (PN10-20) using temporospatial distribution analysis and comparing the localization with a ciliary marker. Spectral confocal and super-resolution Structured Illumination Microscopy (SIM) analysis allowed us to demonstrate that IIIG9 shows a punctate pattern that is preferentially located at the borders of ependymal cilia in situ and in cultures of ependymocytes obtained from adult rat brains. Finally, by immunogold ultrastructural analysis, we showed that IIIG9 is preferentially located between the axoneme and the ciliary membrane. Taken together, our data allow us to conclude that IIIG9 is localized in the cilia of adult ependymal cells and that its expression is correlated with the process of ependymal differentiation and with the maturation of radial glia. Similarly, its particular localization within ependymal cilia suggests a role of this protein in the regulation of ciliary movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cifuentes
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, IBIMA, BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Malaga, Spain
| | - V Baeza
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, IBIMA, BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - P M Arrabal
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, IBIMA, BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Malaga, Spain
| | - R Visser
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, IBIMA, BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, (CIBER-BBN), Malaga, Spain
| | - J M Grondona
- Department of Cell Biology, Genetics and Physiology, IBIMA, BIONAND, Andalusian Center for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - N Saldivia
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Laboratorio de Neurobiología Y Células Madres, Centro de Microscopía Avanzada CMA-BIO BIO, Facultad De Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - F Martínez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Laboratorio de Neurobiología Y Células Madres, Centro de Microscopía Avanzada CMA-BIO BIO, Facultad De Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - F Nualart
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Laboratorio de Neurobiología Y Células Madres, Centro de Microscopía Avanzada CMA-BIO BIO, Facultad De Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - K Salazar
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Laboratorio de Neurobiología Y Células Madres, Centro de Microscopía Avanzada CMA-BIO BIO, Facultad De Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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16
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Li X, Floriddia EM, Toskas K, Fernandes KJL, Guérout N, Barnabé-Heider F. Regenerative Potential of Ependymal Cells for Spinal Cord Injuries Over Time. EBioMedicine 2016; 13:55-65. [PMID: 27818039 PMCID: PMC5264475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have a high therapeutic potential for the treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). We have shown previously that endogenous stem cell potential is confined to ependymal cells in the adult spinal cord which could be targeted for non-invasive SCI therapy. However, ependymal cells are an understudied cell population. Taking advantage of transgenic lines, we characterize the appearance and potential of ependymal cells during development. We show that spinal cord stem cell potential in vitro is contained within these cells by birth. Moreover, juvenile cultures generate more neurospheres and more oligodendrocytes than adult ones. Interestingly, juvenile ependymal cells in vivo contribute to glial scar formation after severe but not mild SCI, due to a more effective sealing of the lesion by other glial cells. This study highlights the importance of the age-dependent potential of stem cells and post-SCI environment in order to utilize ependymal cell's regenerative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisa M Floriddia
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Karl J L Fernandes
- Department of Neurosciences, Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital (CRCHUM), QC H2X 0A9 Montreal, Canada
| | - Nicolas Guérout
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, EA3830-GRHV, 76000 Rouen, France; Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), 76000 Rouen, France.
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17
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Granados-Durán P, López-Ávalos MD, Hughes TR, Johnson K, Morgan BP, Tamburini PP, Fernández-Llebrez P, Grondona JM. Complement system activation contributes to the ependymal damage induced by microbial neuraminidase. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:115. [PMID: 27209022 PMCID: PMC4875702 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In the rat brain, a single intracerebroventricular injection of neuraminidase from Clostridium perfringens induces ependymal detachment and death. This injury occurs before the infiltration of inflammatory blood cells; some reports implicate the complement system as a cause of these injuries. Here, we set out to test the role of complement. Methods The assembly of the complement membrane attack complex on the ependymal epithelium of rats injected with neuraminidase was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Complement activation, triggered by neuraminidase, and the participation of different activation pathways were analyzed by Western blot. In vitro studies used primary cultures of ependymal cells and explants of the septal ventricular wall. In these models, ependymal cells were exposed to neuraminidase in the presence or absence of complement, and their viability was assessed by observing beating of cilia or by trypan blue staining. The role of complement in ependymal damage induced by neuraminidase was analyzed in vivo in two rat models of complement blockade: systemic inhibition of C5 by using a function blocking antibody and testing in C6-deficient rats. Results The complement membrane attack complex immunolocalized on the ependymal surface in rats injected intracerebroventricularly with neuraminidase. C3 activation fragments were found in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of rats treated with neuraminidase, suggesting that neuraminidase itself activates complement. In ventricular wall explants and isolated ependymal cells, treatment with neuraminidase alone induced ependymal cell death; however, the addition of complement caused increased cell death and disorganization of the ependymal epithelium. In rats treated with anti-C5 and in C6-deficient rats, intracerebroventricular injection of neuraminidase provoked reduced ependymal alterations compared to non-treated or control rats. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the absence of membrane attack complex on the ependymal surfaces of neuraminidase-exposed rats treated with anti-C5 or deficient in C6. Conclusions These results demonstrate that the complement system contributes to ependymal damage and death caused by neuraminidase. However, neuraminidase alone can induce moderate ependymal damage without the aid of complement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Granados-Durán
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - María Dolores López-Ávalos
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Timothy R Hughes
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Krista Johnson
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc., 352 Knotter Drive, Cheshire, CT, 06410, USA
| | - B Paul Morgan
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Paul P Tamburini
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc., 352 Knotter Drive, Cheshire, CT, 06410, USA
| | - Pedro Fernández-Llebrez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Jesús M Grondona
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, IBIMA, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, 29071, Spain.
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18
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Delgehyr N, Meunier A, Faucourt M, Bosch Grau M, Strehl L, Janke C, Spassky N. Ependymal cell differentiation, from monociliated to multiciliated cells. Methods Cell Biol 2015; 127:19-35. [PMID: 25837384 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Primary and motile cilia differ in their structure, composition, and function. In the brain, primary cilia are immotile signalling organelles present on neural stem cells and neurons. Multiple motile cilia are found on the surface of ependymal cells in all brain ventricles, where they contribute to the flow of cerebrospinal fluid. During development, monociliated ependymal progenitor cells differentiate into multiciliated ependymal cells, thus providing a simple system for studying the transition between these two stages. In this chapter, we provide protocols for immunofluorescence staining of developing ependymal cells in vivo, on whole mounts of lateral ventricle walls, and in vitro, on cultured ependymal cells. We also provide a list of markers we currently use to stain both types of cilia, including proteins at the ciliary membrane and tubulin posttranslational modifications of the axoneme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Delgehyr
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normal Supérieure (IBENS), Paris, France; INSERM, U1024, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 8197, Paris, France
| | - Alice Meunier
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normal Supérieure (IBENS), Paris, France; INSERM, U1024, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 8197, Paris, France
| | - Marion Faucourt
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normal Supérieure (IBENS), Paris, France; INSERM, U1024, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 8197, Paris, France
| | - Montserrat Bosch Grau
- Curie Institute, Orsay, France; CNRS, UMR3306, Orsay, France; INSERM, U1005, Orsay, France; INSERM, UMRS 1120; Unité de Génétique et Physiologie de l'Audition, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Strehl
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normal Supérieure (IBENS), Paris, France; INSERM, U1024, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 8197, Paris, France; INSERM, UMRS 975, Brain and Spinal Cord Institute, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Carsten Janke
- Curie Institute, Orsay, France; CNRS, UMR3306, Orsay, France; INSERM, U1005, Orsay, France
| | - Nathalie Spassky
- Institut de Biologie de l'Ecole Normal Supérieure (IBENS), Paris, France; INSERM, U1024, Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 8197, Paris, France
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Lazarus RC, Buonora JE, Jacobowitz DM, Mueller GP. Protein carbonylation after traumatic brain injury: cell specificity, regional susceptibility, and gender differences. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 78:89-100. [PMID: 25462645 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.10.507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein carbonylation is a well-documented and quantifiable consequence of oxidative stress in several neuropathologies, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer׳s disease, and Parkinson׳s disease. Although oxidative stress is a hallmark of traumatic brain injury (TBI), little work has explored the specific neural regions and cell types in which protein carbonylation occurs. Furthermore, the effect of gender on protein carbonylation after TBI has not been studied. The present investigation was designed to determine the regional and cell specificity of TBI-induced protein carbonylation and how this response to injury is affected by gender. Immunohistochemistry was used to visualize protein carbonylation in the brains of adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI) as an injury model of TBI. Cell-specific markers were used to colocalize the presence of carbonylated proteins in specific cell types, including astrocytes, neurons, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. Results also indicated that the injury lesion site, ventral portion of the dorsal third ventricle, and ventricular lining above the median eminence showed dramatic increases in protein carbonylation after injury. Specifically, astrocytes and limited regions of ependymal cells adjacent to the dorsal third ventricle and the median eminence were most susceptible to postinjury protein carbonylation. However, these patterns of differential susceptibility to protein carbonylation were gender dependent, with males showing significantly greater protein carbonylation at sites distant from the lesion. Proteomic analyses were also conducted and determined that the proteins most affected by carbonylation in response to TBI include glial fibrillary acidic protein, dihydropyrimidase-related protein 2, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C, and fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A. Many other proteins, however, were not carbonylated by CCI. These findings indicate that there is both regional and protein specificity in protein carbonylation after TBI. The marked increase in carbonylation seen in ependymal layers distant from the lesion suggests a mechanism involving the transmission of a cerebral spinal fluid-borne factor to these sites. Furthermore, this process is affected by gender, suggesting that hormonal mechanisms may serve a protective role against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Lazarus
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - John E Buonora
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - David M Jacobowitz
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Gregory P Mueller
- Program in Neuroscience, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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20
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Manevich Y, Hutchens S, Halushka PV, Tew KD, Townsend DM, Jauch EC, Borg K. Peroxiredoxin VI oxidation in cerebrospinal fluid correlates with traumatic brain injury outcome. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 72:210-21. [PMID: 24726861 PMCID: PMC4088265 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients would benefit from the identification of reliable biomarkers to predict outcomes and treatment strategies. In our study, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with severe TBI was evaluated for oxidant stress-mediated damage progression after hospital admission and subsequent ventriculostomy placement. Interestingly, substantial levels of peroxiredoxin VI (Prdx6), a major antioxidant enzyme normally found in astrocytes, were detected in CSF from control and TBI patients and were not associated with blood contamination. Functionally, Prdx6 and its associated binding partner glutathione S-transferase Pi (GSTP1-1, also detected in CSF) act in tandem to detoxify lipid peroxidation damage to membranes. We found Prdx6 was fully active in CSF of control patients but becomes significantly inactivated (oxidized) in TBI. Furthermore, significant and progressive oxidation of "buried" protein thiols in CSF of TBI patients (compared to those of nontrauma controls) was detected over a 24-h period after hospital admission, with increased oxidation correlating with severity of trauma. Conversely, recovery of Prdx6 activity after 24h indicated more favorable patient outcome. Not only is this the first report of an extracellular form of Prdx6 but also the first report of its detection at a substantial level in CSF. Taken together, our data suggest a meaningful correlation between TBI-initiated oxidation of Prdx6, its specific phospholipid hydroperoxide peroxidase activity, and severity of trauma outcome. Consequently, we propose that Prdx6 redox status detection has the potential to be a biomarker for TBI outcome and a future indicator of therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Manevich
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - S Hutchens
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - P V Halushka
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - K D Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - D M Townsend
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - E C Jauch
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - K Borg
- Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Guérout N, Li X, Barnabé-Heider F. Cell fate control in the developing central nervous system. Exp Cell Res 2013; 321:77-83. [PMID: 24140262 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The principal neural cell types forming the mature central nervous system (CNS) are now understood to be diverse. This cellular subtype diversity originates to a large extent from the specification of the earlier proliferating progenitor populations during development. Here, we review the processes governing the differentiation of a common neuroepithelial cell progenitor pool into mature neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells and adult stem cells. We focus on studies performed in mice and involving two distinct CNS structures: the spinal cord and the cerebral cortex. Understanding the origin, specification and developmental regulators of neural cells will ultimately impact comprehension and treatments of neurological disorders and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Guérout
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
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Devaraju K, Barnabé-Heider F, Kokaia Z, Lindvall O. FoxJ1-expressing cells contribute to neurogenesis in forebrain of adult rats: evidence from in vivo electroporation combined with piggyBac transposon. Exp Cell Res 2013; 319:2790-800. [PMID: 24075965 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Ependymal cells in the lateral ventricular wall are considered to be post-mitotic but can give rise to neuroblasts and astrocytes after stroke in adult mice due to insult-induced suppression of Notch signaling. The transcription factor FoxJ1, which has been used to characterize mouse ependymal cells, is also expressed by a subset of astrocytes. Cells expressing FoxJ1, which drives the expression of motile cilia, contribute to early postnatal neurogenesis in mouse olfactory bulb. The distribution and progeny of FoxJ1-expressing cells in rat forebrain are unknown. Here we show using immunohistochemistry that the overall majority of FoxJ1-expressing cells in the lateral ventricular wall of adult rats are ependymal cells with a minor population being astrocytes. To allow for long-term fate mapping of FoxJ1-derived cells, we used the piggyBac system for in vivo gene transfer with electroporation. Using this method, we found that FoxJ1-expressing cells, presumably the astrocytes, give rise to neuroblasts and mature neurons in the olfactory bulb both in intact and stroke-damaged brain of adult rats. No significant contribution of FoxJ1-derived cells to stroke-induced striatal neurogenesis was detected. These data indicate that in the adult rat brain, FoxJ1-expressing cells contribute to the formation of new neurons in the olfactory bulb but are not involved in the cellular repair after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Devaraju
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Restorative Neurology, Lund Stem Cell Center, University Hospital, SE-221 84 Lund, Sweden
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