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Messner A, Nairz J, Kiechl S, Winder B, Pechlaner R, Geiger R, Knoflach M, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U. Comparison of body mass index and fat mass index to classify body composition in adolescents-The EVA4YOU study. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:2203-2214. [PMID: 38386029 PMCID: PMC11035421 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to develop age- and sex-specific reference percentiles for fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) in adolescents aged 14 to 19 years and to determine differences in overweight/obesity classification by FMI and body mass index (BMI). The EVA4YOU study is a single-center cross-sectional study conducted in western Austria. Cardiovascular risks including anthropometric measurements and bioelectrical impedance analysis were assessed in adolescents (mean age 17 years). FMI and FFMI were calculated as the ratio of fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) to the square of height and compared to study population-specific BMI percentiles. One thousand four hundred twenty-two adolescents were included in the analysis. Girls had a significantly higher mean FM and FMI and a significantly lower mean FFM, FFMI (p < 0.001, each), and mean BMI (p = 0.020) than boys. Body composition classification by FMI and BMI percentiles shows a concordance for the < 75th and > 97th percentile, but a significant difference in percentile rank classifications between these two cut-off values (all p < 0.05). Based on FMI, 15.5% (221/1422) of the whole population and 29.4% (92/313) of those between the 75th and 97th percentiles are classified one category higher or lower than those assigned by BMI. CONCLUSION Classification of normal or pathologic body composition based on BMI and FMI shows good accordance in the clearly normal or pathologic range. In an intermediate range, FMI reclassifies categories based on BMI in more than a quarter of adolescents. Cut-off values to differentiate normal from pathologic FMI values on a biological basis are needed. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study is registered at www. CLINICALTRIALS gov (Identifier: NCT04598685; Date of registration: October 22, 2020). WHAT IS KNOWN • Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with major risk factors including unhealthy diets, harmful behaviors, and obesity. Obesity in children and adolescents is a key risk factor for later NCDs, which is commonly measured by Body Mass Index (BMI). • BMI can be misleading as it doesn't distinguish between fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM), leading to potential misclassification of obesity in children. Previous studies have already suggested the use of the Fat Mass Index (FMI) and Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI) as a more accurate measures of body composition. WHAT IS NEW • This study adds the first age- and sex-specific reference values for FMI and FFMI in Austrian adolescents using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) as a safe and secure measurement method of a large representative cohort. • We found percentile misclassification between BMI and FMI when categorizing for obesity, especially in intermediate categories of body composition. Furthermore, when comparing the new reference values for FMI and FFMI to existing ones from the US, UK, and Germany we could show a good alignment within the European cohorts and major differences with American values, indicating and confirming the difference of FMI and FFMI for different populations of different ethnical background, living on different continents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Messner
- VASCage, Centre on Clinical Stroke Research, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Johannes Nairz
- VASCage, Centre on Clinical Stroke Research, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sophia Kiechl
- VASCage, Centre on Clinical Stroke Research, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Neurology, Hochzirl Hospital, Zirl, Austria
| | - Bernhard Winder
- VASCage, Centre on Clinical Stroke Research, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Feldkirch Hospital, Feldkirch, Austria
| | - Raimund Pechlaner
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ralf Geiger
- Department of Pediatrics III, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Knoflach
- VASCage, Centre on Clinical Stroke Research, Innsbruck, Austria.
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Shen X, Qian R, Wei Y, Tang Z, Zhong H, Huang J, Zhang X. Prediction model and assessment of malnutrition in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6508. [PMID: 38499651 PMCID: PMC10948850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) combined with malnutrition results in decreased exercise capacity and a worse quality of life. We aimed to develop an observational case-control study to explore the effective and convenient method to identify potential individuals is lacking. This study included data from 251 patients with COPD and 85 participants in the control group. Parameters and body composition were compared between groups, and among patients with varied severity. The LASSO approach was employed to select the features for fitting a logistic model to predict the risk of malnutrition in patients with stable COPD. Patients with COPD exhibited significantly lower 6-min walk distance (6MWD), handgrip strength, fat-free mass index (FFMI), skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and protein. The significant predictors identified following LASSO selection included 6MWD, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), GOLD grades, the COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score, and the prevalence of acute exacerbations. The risk score model yielded good accuracy (C-index, 0.866 [95% CI 0.824-0.909]) and calibration (Brier score = 0.150). After internal validation, the adjusted C-index and Brier score were 0.849, and 0.165, respectively. This model may provide primary physicians with a simple scoring system to identify malnourished patients with COPD and develop appropriate rehabilitation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xurui Shen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ruiqi Qian
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuan Wei
- Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhichao Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huafei Zhong
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xiuqin Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Park JH, Lim NK, Park HY. Associations of resistance training levels with low muscle mass: a nationwide cross-sectional study in Korea. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2024; 21:5. [PMID: 38454366 PMCID: PMC10918971 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-024-00339-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low muscle mass is associated with adverse health outcomes such as functional decline and all-cause mortality. This study investigated the relationship between the risk of low muscle mass and the training period and/or frequency of resistance training (RT). METHODS We included 126,339 participants (81,263 women) from nationwide cohorts in Korea. Low muscle mass was defined based on the fat-free mass index. To investigate the presence of an inverse dose-response relationship between RT levels and the risk of low muscle mass, the training period (months) and frequency (per week) of RT were used. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the risk of low muscle mass according to the RT levels. RESULTS Prevalence rates for low muscle mass in our study population were 21.27% and 6.92% in men and women, respectively. When compared with not performing RT, performing RT for 3-4 days/week and ≥5 days/week decreased the risk of low muscle mass by 22% and 27%, respectively, and performing RT for 12-23 months and ≥24 months decreased the risk by 19% and 41%, respectively. When simultaneously considering both training period and frequency, performing RT for either 3-4 days/week or ≥5 days/week was significantly related to risk reduction, provided that the training period was at least 1 year. Importantly, performing RT for more than 2 years resulted in an additional risk reduction. However, there was no additional effect of performing RT for ≥5 days/week compared to 3-4 days/week, regardless of whether the RT duration was 1-2 years or more than 2 years. CONCLUSIONS Since performing RT for 5 days/week or more did not yield any additional effects on the risk of low muscle mass, performing RT for 3-4 days/week was sufficient to prevent low muscle mass. The effectiveness of this preventive measure can be further enhanced by engaging in long-term RT, specifically for more than 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Ho Park
- Division of Population Health Research, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 200 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28160, Korea
| | - Nam-Kyoo Lim
- Division of Population Health Research, Department of Precision Medicine, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 200 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28160, Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Park
- Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187 Osongsaengmyeong2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si, 28159, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea.
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Finger A, Grohmann M, Krause L, Krüll A, Petersen C, Thieme A, Rades D, Löser A. Irradiation dose to the swallowing apparatus impacts nutritional status in head and neck cancer patients-results from the prospective randomized HEADNUT trial. Strahlenther Onkol 2023; 199:875-880. [PMID: 37591979 PMCID: PMC10542726 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-023-02124-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the influence of radiation dose to the swallowing muscles on the nutritional status in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing primary or adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy (C)RT. METHODS Between 2018 and 2020, 61 patients were prospectively randomized into the so-called HEADNUT trial (head and neck cancer patients undergoing nutritional intervention). Follow-up was continued until 2022. Contouring of the swallowing apparatus included the superior (scm), middle (mcm), and inferior constrictor muscle (icm), the cricopharyngeal muscle (cphm), and the esophageal inlet. Nutritional status was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) at the beginning and the end of radiotherapy. The posttherapeutic nutritional status was evaluated by the BIA-derived fat-free mass index (FFMI; kg/m2). Malnutrition was assumed at FFMI values of < 15 (women) and < 17 (men) kg/m2. To find differences between dosimetric parameters in well- and malnourished patients, Mann-Whitney U test was used. To model the association between malnutrition and its potentially influencing variables, several logistic regression models were built. RESULTS The following parameters differed between well- and malnourished patients at the end of therapy: icm Dmean, V40Gy (%), V50Gy (%), and V60Gy (%), and sphm V40Gy (%). After entering these parameters into a multivariable logistic regression model (dosimetric model), icm Dmean (b = -0.12; Exp(b) = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.78-1.0; p = 0.06) and icm V40Gy (%; b = 0.06; Exp(b) = 1.07; 95% CI: 1-1.13; p = 0.04) proved to be independent dosimetric predictors of malnutrition. We only determined the cut-off value for predicting malnutrition for icm V40Gy (%) since it was the only parameter which met p < 0.05. The optimal cut-off value for the predictor V40Gy (%) based on the Youden Index was 85.6%. Another logistic regression model (dosimetric-clinical model) consisted of icm V40 (%) and the clinical parameters tumor localization, malnutrition before RT, gender, and combined chemotherapy. It was confirmed that both icm V40% (b = -1.9; Exp(b) = -2.7; 95% CI: 0.01-0.8; p = 0.03) and malnutrition at baseline (b = -1.9; Exp(b) = 4.4; 95% CI: 8.4-816.6; p = 0.0002) were independent predictors of subsequent malnutrition the end of RT. CONCLUSION Establishment of a normal nutritional status before the start of RT and adherence to dose constraints for the swallowing apparatus may prevent malnutrition in head and neck cancer patients at the end of therapy. Specifically, we suggest an icm V40Gy (%) of more than 86% to be predictive for nutritional complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Finger
- Outpatient Center of the UKE GmbH, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Grohmann
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linda Krause
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Krüll
- Outpatient Center of the UKE GmbH, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cordula Petersen
- Outpatient Center of the UKE GmbH, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Thieme
- Department of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, 1265 Welch Road, 94305, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dirk Rades
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein/Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anastassia Löser
- Department of Radiotherapy, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein/Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562, Lübeck, Germany.
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Shimada T, Chubachi S, Otake S, Sakurai K, Sasaki M, Iijima H, Tanabe N, Tanimura K, Shimizu K, Shirahata T, Suzuki M, Sato S, Nakamura H, Asano K, Fukunaga K. Differential impacts between fat mass index and fat-free mass index on patients with COPD. Respir Med 2023; 217:107346. [PMID: 37390978 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in the clinical impacts of fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) remain unclear in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We hypothesized that FMI and FFMI have different impacts on 1) emphysema and 2) pulmonary function and health-related quality of life of COPD patients. METHODS Patients with COPD (n = 228), enrolled in a multicenter prospective 3-year cohort were classified into four groups based on baseline median FMI and FFMI values. Emphysema assessed as the ratio of low attenuation area to total lung volume (LAA%) on computed tomography, pulmonary function, and health-related quality of life assessed using the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) were compared. RESULTS The four groups had statistically significant differences in LAA%, pulmonary function, and SGRQ scores. The Low FMI Low FFMI group exhibited the highest LAA%, lowest pulmonary function, and worst SGRQ scores among the four groups. In addition, these differences were consistent over 3 years. Multivariate analysis showed that low FMI was associated with high LAA%, low inspiratory capacity/total lung capacity (IC/TLC), and carbon monoxide transfer coefficient (KCO). In contrast, low FFMI was associated with these factors as well as worse SGRQ scores. CONCLUSION FMI and FFMI have different effects on the clinical manifestations of COPD. Both low fat and muscle mass contributed to severe emphysema, whereas only low muscle mass contributed to worse health-related quality of life in patients with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Shimada
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shotaro Chubachi
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shiro Otake
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Sakurai
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Sasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, JCHO (Japan Community Health Care Organization) Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Iijima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tsukuba Medical Center Hospital, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naoya Tanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuya Tanimura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - Kaoruko Shimizu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toru Shirahata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaru Suzuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Susumu Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Department of Respiratory Care and Sleep Control Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Nakamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Koichiro Asano
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tokai University, School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukunaga
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Tran JK, Ooi CY, Blazek K, Katz T. Body composition and body mass index measures from 8 to 18 years old in children with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2023; 22:851-856. [PMID: 37365079 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Historically, body mass index (BMI) >50th percentile has represented optimal nutritional status in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) due to its positive association with lung function. Body composition parameters including fat-free mass index (FFMI) have been suggested as a more physiological nutrition benchmark. AIMS (1) describe changes in body composition with age and gender; (2) assess the correlation between measures of nutritional status (FFMI-z, FMI-z, BMI-z) and lung function (forced expiratory volume in one second predicted; FEV1pp). METHODS This retrospective, mixed cross-sectional and serial measures study consisted of children with CF (8 to 18 years) attending Sydney Children's Hospital (2007-2020). FFMI and fat mass index (FMI) were taken from biennial dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. Z-scores were derived using Well's reference population [1]. Repeated measures correlation analyses assessed correlations between FFMI-z, FMI-z, and BMI-z with FEV1pp. RESULTS 339 DXA reports were analysed from 137 patients. There were slight downwards trends in BMI-z and FMI-z, and an upwards trend in FFMI-z with increasing age and across both genders. Females had higher FMI-z and FFMI-z than males from 12.5 years. There was a weak, positive correlation between FEV1pp and BMI-z (r = 0.14, p = 0.04), and FFMI-z (r = 0.25, p<0.001). FMI-z had no correlation with FEV1pp (r=-0.06, p = 0.41). CONCLUSION Deficits in FFMI exist despite increasing trends with age. FFMI-z and BMI-z had a weak, positive correlation with FEV1pp. In contemporary cohorts, nutritional status (reflected by surrogate markers such as FFMI and BMI) may be less influential upon lung function than in previous decades. [1]: Wells, J.C., et al. Body-composition reference data for simple and reference techniques and a 4-component model: a new UK reference child. Am. J. Clin. Nutr.96, 1316-1326 (2012).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade K Tran
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Chee Y Ooi
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Katrina Blazek
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tamarah Katz
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Sydney Children's Hospital Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
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Lapornik N, Avramovič Brumen B, Plavc G, Strojan P, Rotovnik Kozjek N. Influence of fat-free mass index on the survival of patients with head and neck cancer. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2023; 280:1909-17. [PMID: 36437380 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07732-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether muscle mass, defined by fat-free mass index (FFMI) measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), is predictive of survival of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients. METHODS HNSCC patients treated between 2014 and 2018 at the Department for Nutrition of the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana were reviewed. The FFMI values from the pretreatment BIA measurements and pretreatment body mass index (BMI) were used to categorize patients into groups with low and normal muscle mass and BMI using the Global Leadership Initiative on malnutrition (GLIM) recommended cutoff values. The impact of FFMI on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) was determined. RESULTS Of the 71 included patients, 31 (43.7%) had normal FFMI, and 40 (56.3%) had low FFMI, whereas 44 (62%) and 27 (38%) of the patients had normal and low BMI, respectively. Between FFMI and BMI values, a significant correlation was found (RP = 0.75, p < 0.001). Univariate regression analysis showed that FFMI (as a continuous variable) was of prognostic significance for OS (p = 0.039), which was confirmed by multivariate regression analysis (p = 0.029). The model where BMI replaced FFMI negated the prognostic value of BMI (as a continuous variable). Neither FFMI nor BMI was found to be a predictor of DFS on univariate or multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS In the present group of HNSCC patients, low FFMI adversely influenced OS, emphasizing the importance of using body composition measurement over BMI alone for pretreatment nutritional evaluation of these patients.
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Liu X, Xu J, Wei D, Chen Y. Associations of Serum Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and Luteinizing Hormone Levels with Fat and Lean Mass during Menopausal Transition. Obes Facts 2023; 16:184-193. [PMID: 36463850 PMCID: PMC10028368 DOI: 10.1159/000528317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The association of serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels with body fat mass remains inconclusive. Furthermore, little was known about the association of luteinizing hormone (LH) with body fat. This study aimed to investigate the associations of serum FSH and LH levels with fat and lean mass in women during menopausal transition. METHODS The data analyzed in this study were derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2002. Women aged from 35 to 60 years were eligible. Serum FSH and LH levels were assayed using the microparticle enzyme immunoassay technology. A dual energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure body fat mass and lean mass. Fat mass index (FMI) and fat-free mass index (FFMI) were respectively used to assess fat and lean mass. General linear regression was employed to examine the associations of serum FSH and LH levels with FMI and FFMI. RESULTS This study included 1,329 women. For the total participants, elevated serum FSH and LH levels were associated with an increased FMI (β = 0.004 and 0.007; 95% CI: 0.002, 0.006 and 0.004, 0.010, respectively) and a decreased FFMI (β = -0.004 and -0.007; 95% CI: -0.006, -0.002 and -0.010, -0.004, respectively). Furthermore, the significant associations of serum FSH and LH levels with FMI and FFMI were fully observed in postmenopausal women, especially in a certain range of higher serum FSH and LH quartiles. CONCLUSION Elevated serum FSH and LH levels were associated with increased body fat mass but decreased lean mass in postmenopausal women but not in premenopausal women. Furthermore, only higher serum FSH and LH percentiles were associated with fat and lean mass in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Liu
- Department of Ultrasonics, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyue Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Danmei Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongjie Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- *Yongjie Chen,
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Stephenson H, Roberts M, Klimkeit E, Smith T. Uncovering undernutrition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Beyond body mass index. Respir Med 2022; 205:107026. [PMID: 36395571 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2022.107026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undernutrition, a common but treatable complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), contributes to poor outcomes but is under-detected. Improved detection could prompt dietary intervention which may improve outcomes. We investigated whether adding a measure of muscle mass (fat-free mass index, FFMI) or a malnutrition screening tool (Mini Nutritional Assessment, MNA®) to the commonly used measure of body mass index (BMI), helps detect undernutrition in COPD. METHODS We conducted a retrospective chart review of 86 outpatients with COPD. Demographic and disease severity data were collected, and nutritional status assessed using BMI, FFMI and MNA®. RESULTS Patients comprised 55% males with median age 71.5 years, severe COPD (median FEV1 = 0.74 (30.5% predicted)) and high symptom impact (median COPD Assessment Test (CAT) = 23). Twenty-eight percent of patients had low BMI, 27% had low FFMI, 22% were MNA®-classified malnourished and 43% were MNA®-classified at risk of malnutrition. MNA® correlated moderately with BMI and classified 55% of patients with healthy/high BMI as either malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. FFMI and BMI correlated strongly, and low FFMI was present in 5% of patients with healthy/high BMI. The undernutrition measures also showed weak to moderate correlations with disease severity (spirometry data) and MNA® weakly correlated with symptom impact (CAT). CONCLUSION The MNA® identified more undernourished patients than FFMI or BMI. It also correlated with disease severity and broader symptom burden. The MNA® appears to be a simple tool for earlier detection of patients who may benefit from dietary intervention, potentially enhancing their quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Stephenson
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia; Department of Womens and Newborn Health, Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia.
| | - Mary Roberts
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia; Ludwig Engel Centre for Respiratory Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, NSW, Australia; University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia
| | - Ester Klimkeit
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia
| | - Tracy Smith
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia; University of Sydney at Westmead Hospital, NSW, Australia
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10
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Dupertuis YM, Pereira AG, Karsegard VL, Hemmer A, Biolley E, Collet TH, Genton L. Influence of the type of electrodes in the assessment of body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis in the supine position. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2455-2463. [PMID: 36215865 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The main source of error in body composition assessment of bedridden patients by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is the electrode inadequacy and placement. As electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes are often used for BIA measurements, this study aimed to compare three of them with a reference BIA electrode. METHODS BIA was performed sequentially on 24 healthy subjects in the supine position, using 3 different ECG electrodes (3M® Red Dot® 2330; Ambu® BlueSensor 2300; Ambu® BlueSensor SU-00-C) and the reference electrode (Bianostic AT®) for the BIA device (Nutriguard-M®, Data Input, Germany). Resistance (R), reactance (Xc), phase angle (PhA), appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI) and fat mass percentage (FM%) obtained with the different electrodes were compared using Bland-Altman plots, repeated measures one-way ANOVA and paired t-test. Patient characteristics potentially involved in BIA measurement differences were assessed using linear regression analysis. RESULTS The study population consisted of 9 men and 15 women, 33% and 47% of whom were overweight, respectively. The measured R was within the physiological range for all men (428-561 Ω) and women (472-678 Ω), regardless of the type of electrodes used. Compared to the reference electrode, the 3M® Red Dot® 2330 and Ambu® BlueSensor SU-00-C electrodes gave significantly different Xc and PhA values, but only the Ambu® BlueSensor SU-00-C gave significantly different ASMI, FFMI and FM% at 50 kHz, with biases of -0.2 kg/m2, -0.3 kg/m2 and +1.4%, respectively. The higher the current frequency, the lower was the Xc and PhA measured by the Ambu® BlueSensor SU-00-C compared to the reference electrode. These measurement differences seemed mainly due to the too small gel area of the Ambu® BlueSensor SU-00-C (154 mm2) compared to the reference electrode (1311 mm2). CONCLUSIONS The use of electrodes with small gel area affects BIA measurement in the supine position, especially when PhA is used as an indicator of the nutritional status. Therefore, it is essential to specify the type of electrodes and carry out comparative tests before changing consumables for body composition assessment, to ensure BIA measurement reliability in clinical and research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves M Dupertuis
- Nutrition Unit, Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition and Therapeutic Education, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Amanda Gomes Pereira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Véronique L Karsegard
- Nutrition Unit, Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition and Therapeutic Education, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Alexandra Hemmer
- Nutrition Unit, Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition and Therapeutic Education, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Emma Biolley
- Nutrition Unit, Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition and Therapeutic Education, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Tinh-Hai Collet
- Nutrition Unit, Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition and Therapeutic Education, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Laurence Genton
- Nutrition Unit, Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Nutrition and Therapeutic Education, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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11
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Gätjens I, Fedde S, Schmidt SCE, Hasler M, Plachta-Danielzik S, Müller MJ, Bosy-Westphal A. Relationship between Birth Weight, Early Growth Rate, and Body Composition in 5- to 7-Year-Old Children. Obes Facts 2022; 15:519-527. [PMID: 35292608 PMCID: PMC9421709 DOI: 10.1159/000522509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programing of body composition during intrauterine growth may contribute to the higher risk for cardio-metabolic disease in individuals born small or large for gestational age (SGA, LGA). Compensations of intrauterine growth by catch-up or catch-down postnatal growth may lead to adverse consequences like a thin-fat phenotype. METHODS The impact of (i) birth weight as well as (ii) the interaction between birth weight and catch-up or catch-down growth during the first 2 years of life on fat-free mass index (FFMI) and fat mass index (FMI) in 3,204 5-7-year-old children were investigated using Hattori's body composition chart. Body composition results were compared to appropriate for gestational age (AGA) birth weight with the same body mass index (BMI). RESULTS In total, 299 children at age 5-7 years were categorized as SGA, 2,583 as AGA, and 322 as LGA. When compared to AGA-children, BMI at 5-7 years of age was higher in LGA-children (15.5 vs. 16.2 kg/m2; p < 0.001) but not different in SGA-children. Compared to AGA with the same BMI, LGA was associated with higher FMI and a lower FFMI in 5-7-year-old girls. This phenotype was also seen for both sexes with catch-down growth during the first 2 years of life whereas catch-up growth prevented the higher FMI and lower FFMI per BMI. By contrast, SGA was associated with a higher FFMI and lower FMI in 5-7-year-old boys compared to AGA boys with the same BMI. This phenotype was also seen with catch-down growth in both genders whereas catch-up growth in girls led to more gain in FMI per BMI. CONCLUSION LGA with a compensatory catch-down postnatal growth may be a risk factor for the development of disproportionate gain in fat over lean mass whereas SGA with a catch-down postnatal growth seems to favor the subsequent accretion of lean over fat mass. A higher propensity of lean mass accretion during postnatal growth in boys compared to girls explains sex differences in these phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gätjens
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Svenja Fedde
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Mario Hasler
- Applied Statistics, Agricultural and Food Economics Faculty, Christian-Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sandra Plachta-Danielzik
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- Kompetenznetz Darmerkrankungen e.V., Kiel, Germany
| | - Manfred James Müller
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
- *Anja Bosy-Westphal,
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12
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Henriksen C, Paur I, Pedersen A, Kværner AS, Ræder H, Henriksen HB, Bøhn SK, Wiedswang G, Blomhoff R. Agreement between GLIM and PG-SGA for diagnosis of malnutrition depends on the screening tool used in GLIM. Clin Nutr 2021; 41:329-336. [PMID: 34999327 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) has suggested a process for the diagnosis of malnutrition. The process consists of applying an existing screening tool for malnutrition screening, followed by malnutrition diagnostics, and finally categorization of malnutrition severity (moderate or severe) according to specific GLIM criteria. However, it is not known how well the GLIM process agrees with other diagnostic tools used in the current clinical practice. The aim of this study was to validate the GLIM process against the Patient Generated-Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) when different screening tools were applied in the screening step of the GLIM process. METHODS Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients from the ongoing CRC-NORDIET study were included. For the GLIM process, the patients were first screened for malnutrition using either 1) Nutritional risk screening, first 4 questions (NRS-2002-4Q), 2) Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), 3) Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) or 4) the PG-SGA short form (PG-SGA-SF). The GLIM malnutrition diagnosis was then based on combining the result from each of the screening methods with the etiological and phenotypic GLIM-criteria including weight loss, BMI and fat free mass. In parallel, the patients were diagnosed using the PG-SGA methodology categorizing the patients into either A: well nourished, B: moderately malnourished or C: severely malnourished. The four different GLIM based diagnoses were then validated against the diagnosis obtained by the PG-SGA tool. Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated to evaluate validity. RESULTS In total, 426 patients were included (mean age: 66, ±8 years) at a mean time of 166 (±56) days after surgery. The GLIM diagnosis based on the four different screening tools identified 10-24% of the patients to be malnourished, of which 3-8% were severely malnourished. The PG-SGA method categorized 15% as moderately malnourished (PG-SGA: category B) and no patients as severely malnourished (PG-SGA: category C). The agreement between the PG-SGA and GLIM process was in general low, but differed according to the tools: PG-SGA SF (sensitivity 47%, PPV 71%), MST (sensitivity 56%, PPV 47%), NRS-2002-4Q (sensitivity 63%, PPV 53%) and MUST (sensitivity 53%, PPV 34%). CONCLUSION In this cross-sectional study of patients with CRC, the concordance between the GLIM-criteria and PG-SGA depended on the screening tool used in the GLIM process. Malnutrition frequency based on the GLIM process schould be reported with and without the use of a screening tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Henriksen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Ingvild Paur
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway; Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Disease-related Undernutrition, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Service, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Astrid Pedersen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Ane Sørlie Kværner
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway; Section for Colorectal Cancer Screening, The Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Ræder
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Service, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hege Berg Henriksen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Siv Kjølsrud Bøhn
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Gro Wiedswang
- Department of Hepatic, Gastrointestinal and Paediatric Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine & Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rune Blomhoff
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Service, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Gätjens I, Schmidt SCE, Plachta-Danielzik S, Bosy-Westphal A, Müller MJ. Body Composition Characteristics of a Load-Capacity Model: Age-Dependent and Sex-Specific Percentiles in 5- to 17-Year-Old Children. Obes Facts 2021; 14:593-603. [PMID: 34818246 PMCID: PMC8738913 DOI: 10.1159/000518638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Body composition assessment is superior to the use of body mass index (BMI) to characterize the nutritional status in pediatric populations. For data interpretation, suitable reference data are needed; hence, we aimed to generate age-dependent and sex-specific body composition reference data in a larger population of children and adolescents in Germany. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study on a representative group of 15,392 5- to 17-year-old children and adolescents. Body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis using a population-specific algorithm validated against air displacement plethysmography. Age- and sex-specific percentiles for BMI, fat mass index (FMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), and a "load-capacity model" (characterized by the ratios of fat mass [FM]/ fatt-free mass [FFM] and FM/FFM2) were modeled using the LMS method. RESULTS BMI, FMI, FFMI, FM/FFM, and FM/FFM2 curves showed similar shapes between boys and girls with steady increases in BMI, FMI, and FFMI, while FM/FFM2-centiles decreased during early childhood and adolescence. Sex differences were observed in FMI and FM/FFM percentiles with increases in FMI up to age 9 years followed by a steady decrease in FM/FFM during and after puberty with a fast-growing FFMI up to age 17 in boys. The prevalence of low FFM relative to FM reached more than 60% in overweight children and adolescents. CONCLUSION These pediatric body composition reference data enable physicians and public health scientists to monitor body composition during growth and development and to interpret individual data. The data point out to an early risk of sarcopenia in overweight children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gätjens
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Anja Bosy-Westphal
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany,
| | - Manfred James Müller
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Christian-Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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14
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Rinaldi S, Gilliland J, O'Connor C, Seabrook JA, Mura M, Madill J. Fat-Free Mass Index Controlled for Age and Sex and Malnutrition Are Predictors of Survival in Interstitial Lung Disease. Respiration 2021; 100:379-386. [PMID: 33721868 DOI: 10.1159/000512732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature focusing on nutritional variables and survival in interstitial lung disease (ILD) is limited by its focus on weight and BMI and has not considered body composition. OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this study was to examine whether body composition measures, specifically fat-free mass index z-score (z-FFMI) and body fat mass index z-score (z-BFMI), were predictors of survival in fibrotic ILD patients. The second objective was to examine if nutrition status was a predictor of survival. METHOD Seventy-eight outpatients diagnosed with fibrotic ILD were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Body composition data using dual frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BodyStat 1500MD; UK) and nutrition status using the subjective global assessment (SGA) were determined. To control for age and sex, z-FFMI and z-BFMI were calculated using population means. Participant charts were reviewed for diagnosis, age, disease severity, and exercise capacity. RESULTS Age (HR 1.08, 95% CI [1.03-1.13], p < 0.01), BMI (HR 0.90, 95% CI [0.84-0.97], p < 0.01]), z-FFMI (HR 0.70, 95% CI [0.56-0.87], p = 0.02), z-BFMI (HR 0.74, 95% CI [0.57-0.96], p < 0.01), 6-min walk distance (6MWD) (HR 0.99, 95% CI [0.99-1.00], p < 0.01), percent predicted diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (%DLco) (HR 0.93, 95% CI [0.89-0.97], p < 0.01), and severe malnutrition (SGA-C) (HR 6.98, 95% CI [2.00-24.27], p < 0.01) were significant predictors of survival. When controlled for exercise capacity and disease severity, z-FFMI and severe malnutrition were significant predictors of survival independent of %DLco. CONCLUSION z-FFMI and severe malnutrition were significant predictors of survival in fibrotic ILD patients independent of disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Rinaldi
- School of Health Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada, .,School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College at Western University, London, Ontario, Canada, .,Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada,
| | - Jason Gilliland
- School of Health Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Geography, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colleen O'Connor
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College at Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jamie A Seabrook
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College at Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Human Environments Analysis Laboratory, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute and Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada.,Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marco Mura
- Division of Respirology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janet Madill
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Brescia University College at Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Aotani N, Yasui-Yamada S, Kagiya N, Takimoto M, Oiwa Y, Matsubara A, Matsuura S, Tanimura M, Tani-Suzuki Y, Kashihara H, Saito Y, Nishi M, Shimada M, Hamada Y. Malnutrition by European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism criteria predicts prognosis in patients with gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary-pancreatic cancer. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 42:265-271. [PMID: 33745591 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) proposed the ESPEN diagnostic criteria (EDC) for malnutrition in 2015. There is no report on the association between the EDC and prognosis in patients with gastrointestinal (GI) and hepatobiliary-pancreatic (HBP) cancer. This study aimed to (1) determine the prevalence of EDC malnutrition, (2) investigate the validity of the EDC as a nutritional and prognostic indicator, and (3) examine which components of the EDC are most related to long-term prognosis in patients with GI and HBP cancers. METHODS A total of 634 patients with primary GI and HBP cancers who underwent their first resection surgery between July 2014 and March 2018 were retrospectively recruited. According to the EDC, patients were divided into malnourished and non-malnourished groups. Clinical parameters and survival between these two groups were compared. The prognostic effects of the EDC and the EDC components were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS The prevalence of EDC malnutrition was 22%. Anthropometric data and biochemical data were associated with EDC malnutrition. The 5-year survival rate was lower in the malnourished group (72%) than in the non-malnourished group (73%; P = 0.007). The multivariate analysis demonstrated that the malnourished group was an independent risk factor for mortality (hazard ratio = 1.70 in the malnourished group; 95% confidence interval 1.08-2.63; P = 0.024). Among EDC components, body mass index (BMI) of <18.5 kg/m2 was an independent poor prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS EDC malnutrition is associated with poor postoperative long-term prognosis. Among the EDC components, BMI of <18.5 kg/m2 is most associated with prognosis in patients with preoperative GI and HBP cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Aotani
- Department of Therapeutic Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Sonoko Yasui-Yamada
- Department of Therapeutic Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Department of Nutrition, Tokushima University Hospital, 2-50-1, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan.
| | - Natsumi Kagiya
- Department of Therapeutic Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mami Takimoto
- Department of Therapeutic Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yu Oiwa
- Department of Therapeutic Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Atsumi Matsubara
- Department of Therapeutic Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Sayaka Matsuura
- Department of Therapeutic Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mayu Tanimura
- Department of Therapeutic Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Tani-Suzuki
- Department of Therapeutic Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Department of Nutrition, Tokushima University Hospital, 2-50-1, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hideya Kashihara
- Department of Nutrition, Tokushima University Hospital, 2-50-1, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yu Saito
- Department of Therapeutic Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nishi
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of Digestive Surgery and Transplantation, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hamada
- Department of Therapeutic Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; Department of Nutrition, Tokushima University Hospital, 2-50-1, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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16
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Alexander T, Conlon CA, Gamble G, von Hurst PR, van Dorp L, Ichhpuniani B, Housh R, Ke P, Bloomfield FH. Body composition of New Zealand-born term babies differs by ethnicity, gestational age and sex. Early Hum Dev 2019; 140:104924. [PMID: 31739266 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.104924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body composition provides important information on nutrition and future metabolic risk. New Zealand has a diverse ethnic population for which there are no newborn body composition data. AIM To determine body composition in a cohort of New Zealand-born term babies. STUDY DESIGN Observational study. SUBJECTS Healthy, term infants between 37+0 and 41+6 weeks' gestation in two hospitals in Auckland, New Zealand. OUTCOME MEASURES Body composition by air displacement plethysmography and anthropometry measured within 5 days of birth. Parent-identified ethnicity was prioritised according to Ministry of Health criteria. Data were analysed using t-test, ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc tests, quantile regression and are mean(SD). RESULTS 440 babies (54% male) were included. Pacific Island/Māori (PI/M) were heavier at birth than Asian/Middle Eastern/Latin American/African (Asian+) babies (3403(506) vs 3181(485) g, p < .05). PI/M and European (E) babies were longer with larger head and waist circumferences than Asian+ babies (all p < .05). Absolute fat mass (FM) was not different amongst ethnicities (E, 365(156), PI/M, 347(183), Asian+, 357(188) g) but PI/M babies had significantly lower FM% than Asian+ (9.8(4.3) vs 10.9(4.5) %, p < .05). Fat-free mass (FFM) was greater in PI/M (3056(400) g) than E (2952(345) g (p < .05) and both PI/M and E had greater FFM than Asian+ (2824(363) g, p < .05). Early term babies had less FFM than term and late-term babies (2732(370), 3012(352), 3173(302)g, p < .001) respectively. CONCLUSIONS Asian+ babies were the smallest babies with the least FFM yet had similar FM and the highest FM%, indicative of a thin, fat phenotype from birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Alexander
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Neonatal Unit, Kidz First, Middlemore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - C A Conlon
- School of Sport, Exercise & Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - G Gamble
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - P R von Hurst
- School of Sport, Exercise & Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - L van Dorp
- School of Sport, Exercise & Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - B Ichhpuniani
- School of Sport, Exercise & Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - R Housh
- College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, United States
| | - P Ke
- College of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences: Sargent College, Boston University, Boston, United States
| | - F H Bloomfield
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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17
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Ramírez Torres M, Ruiz Valenzuela RE, Esparza-Romero J, López Teros MT, Alemán-Mateo H. The fat mass index, not the fat-free mass index, is associated with impaired physical performance in older adult subjects: Evidence from a cross-sectional study. Clin Nutr 2018; 38:877-882. [PMID: 29501367 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired physical performance (IPP) and physical disability (PD) are two serious public health problems in older adult populations worldwide. While studies show that changes in body composition are important risk factors for developing these conditions, there is little evidence that the fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) indices (FFMI and FMI, respectively) are associated with IPP in older men and women. This study assessed the association among FFMI, FMI, and IPP using Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) in Mexican men and women aged over 60 years. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 217 older people (men 34.6%, women 65.4%; 60-92 years). FFM and FM were assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry, assuming a two-compartment model. FFM and FM were adjusted by height squared and the indices were obtained. After assessment of physical performance by SPPB, subjects with scores ≤6 were classified as having IPP. Associations were tested by multiple logistic regression analysis in separated models. RESULTS IPP prevalence was 14.3%. Women were affected more than men. Regression analysis showed no significant association between FFMI and IPP, but FMI was strongly-associated, as for each unit increase in FMI, the risk of IPP rose significantly (OR: 1.14), and this result remained significant after adjusting for age, comorbidity, polypharmacy, and the appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (OR: 1.23; p ≤ 0.001). These results emphasize the importance of preventing increases in FM and avoiding overweight and obesity in older men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribel Ramírez Torres
- Coordinación de Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A.C., Mexico
| | - Roxana E Ruiz Valenzuela
- Coordinación de Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A.C., Mexico; Departamento de Salud, Universidad Iberoamericana, Ciudad de México-Tijuana, Av. Centro Universitario 2501, Playas de Tijuana, Tijuana, Baja California C.P. 22500, Mexico
| | - Julián Esparza-Romero
- Coordinación de Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A.C., Mexico
| | - Miriam T López Teros
- Departamento de Salud, Universidad Iberoamericana, Ciudad de México, Prolongación Paseo de Reforma 880, Lomas de Santa Fe, Ciudad de México, D.F. C.P. 01219, Mexico
| | - Heliodoro Alemán-Mateo
- Coordinación de Nutrición, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A.C., Mexico.
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18
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Orlandi SP, González-Chica DA, Buffarini R, Gonzalez MC, Menezes AMB, Barros FC, Assunção MCF. Breastfeeding and complementary feeding associated with body composition in 18-19 years old adolescents in the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort. BMC Nutr 2017; 3:84. [PMID: 32153860 PMCID: PMC7050824 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-017-0201-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The first years of life are critical for human development, therefore it is important to investigate early factors that may influence the development of body composition later in life. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between breastfeeding duration and age of introduction of complementary feeding with body composition at 18–19 years. Methods This is a prospective study conducted with adolescents belonging to the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort. Duration of breastfeeding, age of introduction of other types of milk and complementary feeding were obtained from a subsample of this cohort periodically monitored during the first year of life. The fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) indices were estimated using plethysmography (BOD POD ™). Crude and adjusted analyses were stratified by sex using a linear regression model. Results 1438 adolescents (694 boys and 744 girls) had complete information on exposures and outcomes.. Among men, the mean FMI and FFMI were 4.0 ± 3.1 kg / m2 and 19.0 ± 1.9 kg / m2; and among women, 8.0 ± 3.2 kg / m2 and 15.5 ± 1.7 kg / m2, respectively. Neither breastfeeding duration nor age of introduction of complementary foods was associated with mean FMI in both sexes. Mean FFMI was higher among women who were breastfed for three months or more and among men who were breastfed for six months or more. Women who started the complementary feeding after five months of age had lower mean FFMI in adolescence. Conclusion The data suggest that only mean FFM in adolescence is associated with early feeding behaviors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40795-017-0201-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Paiva Orlandi
- 1Post Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Marechal Deodoro 1160, 3rd floor, 96020-220, Pelotas, Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - David A González-Chica
- 2Adelaide Medical School, NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence to Reduce Inequality in Heart Disease, The University of Adelaide, Corner of North Terrace and George Street Adelaide SA, Adelaide, 5000 Australia
| | - Romina Buffarini
- 1Post Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Marechal Deodoro 1160, 3rd floor, 96020-220, Pelotas, Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Gonzalez
- 3Post Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Rua Gonçalves Chaves, 373 - sala 411 prédio C, 96015-560. Pelotas, Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Baptista Menezes
- 1Post Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Marechal Deodoro 1160, 3rd floor, 96020-220, Pelotas, Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Fernando C Barros
- 3Post Graduate Program in Health and Behavior, Catholic University of Pelotas, Rua Gonçalves Chaves, 373 - sala 411 prédio C, 96015-560. Pelotas, Pelotas, RS Brazil
| | - Maria Cecília Formoso Assunção
- 4School of Nutrition, Federal University of Pelotas, Rua Gomes Carneiro, n°1. CEP 96010-610. Pelotas, Pelotas, RS Brazil
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