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Elger T, Fererberger T, Huss M, Sommersberger S, Mester P, Stoeckert P, Gunawan S, Liebisch G, Loibl J, Kandulski A, Müller M, Buechler C, Tews HC. Urinary soluble CD163 is a putative non-invasive biomarker for primary sclerosing cholangitis. Exp Mol Pathol 2024; 137:104900. [PMID: 38729058 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2024.104900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Soluble CD163 (sCD163) is a selective marker of macrophages whose circulating levels have been found to be induced in patients with active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Urinary proteins are emerging as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers, and here, sCD163 levels were measured in the urine of 18 controls and 63 patients with IBD by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Urinary sCD163 levels did, however, not differentiate IBD patients from controls. Analysis of sCD163 in the serum of 51 of these patients did not show higher levels in IBD. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is often associated with IBD, and sCD163 was higher in the urine of the 21 patients and in the serum of the 13 patients with PSC compared to patients with IBD. Of clinical relevance, urinary sCD163 levels were higher in PSC patients compared to those with other chronic liver diseases (n = 16), while serum sCD163 levels were comparable between the two groups. Serum sCD163 of IBD and PSC patients positively correlated with serum C-reactive protein. Serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate, surrogate markers for renal function, did not significantly correlate with urinary or serum sCD163 levels in IBD or PSC patients. Moreover, urinary sCD163 was not related to fecal calprotectin levels whereas serum sCD163 of IBD patients showed a positive trend. PSC associated with IBD and PSC without underlying IBD had similar levels of urinary sCD163 while serum sCD163 tended to be higher in the latter group. In PSC patients, urinary sCD163 did not correlate with serum aminotransferase levels, gamma glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin or the Model for End Stage Liver Disease score. Ursodeoxycholic acid was prescribed to our PSC patients and fecal levels of ursodeoxycholic acid and its conjugated forms were increased in PSC compared to IBD patients. Otherwise, fecal bile acid levels of IBD and PSC patients were almost identical, and were not correlated with urinary and serum sCD163 in PSC. In summary, our study identified urinary sCD163 as a potential biomarker for PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Elger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Fererberger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Muriel Huss
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Sommersberger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Mester
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Petra Stoeckert
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Gunawan
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Loibl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Arne Kandulski
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martina Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Hauke Christian Tews
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Seidita A, Giuliano A, Soresi M, Chiavetta M, Nardi E, Mogavero G, Giannone G, Carroccio A, Mansueto P. Fecal calprotectin levels in patients with non-celiac wheat sensitivity: a proof of concept. Intern Emerg Med 2024:10.1007/s11739-024-03595-7. [PMID: 38609737 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-024-03595-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Some data suggest the existence of intestinal inflammation in patients with non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS). We aimed to verify whether fecal calprotectin (FCP), a marker of intestinal inflammation, could be used to confirm this inflammatory status and to test its diagnostic performance in differentiating NCWS from irritable bowel syndrome/functional dyspepsia (IBS/FD). We conducted a multicenter study, comparing NCWS patients, diagnosed by a double-blind placebo-controlled wheat challenge, with IBS/FD subjects. In the retrospective phase, FCP values were analyzed to define the prevalence of its positivity and its role as a NCWS diagnostic biomarker. In the prospective phase we tested the effects of a strict 6-month wheat-free diet (WFD) on FCP values. 31.3% (n = 63/201) of NCWS patients had above normal FCP values (NCWS FCP +), whereas all IBS/FD patients proved negative (P = 0.0001). FCP using a cut-off value > 41 µg/g showed a 58.6% sensitivity and a 98.0% specificity (AUC 0.755, 95% C.I. 0.702-0.837) in distinguishing NCWS from IBS/FD patients. Of the 63 NCWS FCP+, 65.1% had negative FCP values after ≥ 6 months of WFD, with a significant reduction in FCP values (P < 0.0001). All NCWS FCP- subjects still preserved negative FCP values after ≥ 6 months of WFD. Our study showed that FCP can be a useful but supplementary diagnostic marker for differentiating between NCWS and IBS/FD. Strict WFD adherence reduced FCP values, normalizing them in 65.1% of NCWS FCP + subjects. These data suggest the existence of two NCWS subgroups: NCWS FCP + characterized by a probable predominantly inflammatory/immunologic pattern and NCWS FCP- featuring non-immuno-mediated etiopathogenetic mechanisms. (Registration number NCT01762579).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Seidita
- Unit of Internal Medicine, "V. Cervello" Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti "Villa Sofia-Cervello", Via Trabucco, 180, 90146, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation (IRIB), National Research Council (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Giuliano
- Unit of Internal Medicine, "V. Cervello" Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti "Villa Sofia-Cervello", Via Trabucco, 180, 90146, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Soresi
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marta Chiavetta
- Unit of Internal Medicine, "V. Cervello" Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti "Villa Sofia-Cervello", Via Trabucco, 180, 90146, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Emilio Nardi
- Unit of Internal Medicine II, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mogavero
- Unit of Gastroenterology, "V. Cervello" Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti "Villa Sofia-Cervello", Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulio Giannone
- Pathology Unit, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Carroccio
- Unit of Internal Medicine, "V. Cervello" Hospital, Ospedali Riuniti "Villa Sofia-Cervello", Via Trabucco, 180, 90146, Palermo, Italy.
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Pasquale Mansueto
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Motwani KK, Alizadeh M, Abutaleb A, Grossman J, Wellington J, Cross RK. Correlation Between Serum and Fecal Biomarkers and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Patients with Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Dig Dis Sci 2024:10.1007/s10620-024-08421-w. [PMID: 38580888 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08421-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-reported outcomes (PROs), such as the short CD activity index (sCDAI) and partial Mayo Score (PMS), are used to define clinical remission in IBD, but may not represent the true degree of inflammation and endoscopy is invasive. Non-invasive testing options include c-reactive protein (CRP) and fecal calprotectin (FCP). AIM The aim of this study was to assess the degree of correlation of non-invasive biomarkers with PROs and the impact other clinical variables can have on their levels. METHODS We reviewed data collected from the prospective cohort, Study of a Prospective Adult Research Cohort with IBD (SPARC-IBD), comprised of over 3000 patients from 17 tertiary referral centers. Demographic and clinical variables were analyzed by disease type, disease severity was based on PROs, and baseline CRP and FCP were measured. For comparative analysis, we performed Fisher's exact test and Welch's t test, where p < 0.05 was significant. RESULTS 1547 patients were included; 63% had CD, 56% were female, with an average disease duration of 13.6 years. CRP and FCP were associated with symptom severity in inflammatory CD. CRP was useful to differentiate symptoms across different disease locations in CD, whereas FCP was associated with symptom severity in Crohn's colitis only. For UC, FCP was able to distinguish symptom severity better in distal UC, whereas in extensive or pancolitis, it was useful only to distinguish severe symptoms from other categories of symptom severity. CONCLUSION PROs correlate with CRP and FCP; however, disease location and phenotype impact their ability to distinguish symptom severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran K Motwani
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Madeline Alizadeh
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Ameer Abutaleb
- George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jennifer Grossman
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | | | - Raymond K Cross
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
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Shen JD, Yuan B, Zhang A, Zhou XM, Chen SJ, Deng JL, Zhang X, Jiang HY, Yu Q, Wu Q. Fecal calprotectin is a novel biomarker to predict the clinical outcomes of patients with ruptured intracranial aneurysm. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107634. [PMID: 38342274 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2024.107634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracranial aneurysm (IA) is a common cerebrovascular disease and the leading cause of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage. Recent evidence suggests that gut microbiota is involved in the pathophysiological process of IA through the gut-brain axis. However, the role of gut inflammation in the development of IA has yet to be clarified. Our study aimed to investigate whether fecal calprotectin (FC) level, a sensitive marker of gut inflammation, is correlated with the development of IA and the prognosis of patients with ruptured IA (RIA). METHODS 182 patients were collected from January 2022 to January 2023, including 151 patients with IA and 31 healthy individuals. 151 IA patients included 109 patients with unruptured IA (UIA) and 42 patients with RIA. The FC level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Other detailed information was obtained from an electronic medical record system. RESULTS Compared with healthy controls, the FC levels in patients with IA were increased (P < 0.0001). Patients with RIA had significantly higher FC levels than UIA patients (P < 0.0001). Moreover, the FC level in RIA patients with unfavorable outcomes was higher than in RIA patients with favorable outcomes. Logistic regression analysis showed that the elevated FC level was an independent risk factor for a 3-month poor prognosis in patients with RIA (OR=1.005, 95% CI = 1.000 -1.009, P = 0.044). CONCLUSION Fecal calprotectin level is significantly elevated in IA patients, especially those with RIA. FC is a novel biomarker of 3-month poor outcomes in RIA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Da Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - An Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Shu-Juan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Jin-Long Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Hai-Yang Jiang
- Department of Surgery, The Affiliated BenQ Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing 210002, China.
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Tsai FP, Weng MT, Chang CH, Zeng MH, Wei SC. A simplified fecal leukocyte esterase strip test results as a low cost, widely available, alternative bowel inflammation biomarker. J Formos Med Assoc 2024:S0929-6646(24)00058-5. [PMID: 38331636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2024.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND /Purpose: Leukocyte esterase strips have been widely used to detect the presence of leukocyte in human body fluids. We investigated the correlation between fecal leukocyte esterase (FLE) and fecal calprotectin (FC) levels and compared manual with machine automated interpretation of FLE level. METHODS This prospective study enrolled inflammatory bowel disease and colitis patients in National Taiwan University Hospital from Dec 2021 to Feb 2022. FLE and FC measured using the same sample were compared with various FC cutoff values. The correlation between values indicated by the two tests was analyzed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) were calculated using SAS. RESULTS A total of 103 samples were analyzed. The correlation between FLE and FC level was moderate and positive (r = 0.3505, P = 0.0003). With an FLE reading more than 1+ indicating mucosa inflammation, when the FC cutoff was 50, 250, and 500 mg/kg, the sensitivities of FLE readings were 60.3 %, 74.3 %, and 84.6 %, respectively, and the specificities were 62.9 %, 58.8 %, and 58.4 %, respectively. With an FLE reading greater than 1+ indicating mucosa inflammation, FLE reflected FC with AUROC values at the optimal cutoff (500 mg/kg) of 0.72. No difference was noted between manual and machine readings for FLE. CONCLUSION Positive FLE can predict FC levels of more than 500 mg/kg. The test is widely available, produces results on the same day, and is low cost; therefore, FLE should be further investigated for use in bowel inflammation monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Pai Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu County, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Tzu Weng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu County, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hao Chang
- Clinical Trial Center, Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Huan Zeng
- Clinical Trial Center, Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Wei
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Ishida N, Ito T, Takahashi K, Asai Y, Miyazu T, Higuchi T, Tamura S, Tani S, Yamade M, Iwaizumi M, Hamaya Y, Osawa S, Sugimoto K. Comparison of fecal calprotectin levels and endoscopic scores for predicting relapse in patients with ulcerative colitis in remission. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:6111-6121. [PMID: 38186681 PMCID: PMC10768409 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i47.6111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the usefulness of endoscopic scores, such as the Mayo Endoscopic Subscore (MES), Ulcerative Colitis Endoscopic Index of Severity (UCEIS), and Ulcerative Colitis Colonoscopic Index of Severity (UCCIS), and biomarkers such as fecal calprotectin (FC) for predicting relapse in ulcerative colitis (UC) has been reported, few studies have included endoscopic scores for evaluating the entire colon. AIM To compare the usefulness of FC value and MES, UCEIS, and UCCIS for predicting relapse in patients with UC in clinical remission. METHODS In total, 75 patients with UC in clinical and endoscopic remission who visited our institution between February 2019 and March 2022 were enrolled. The diagnosis of UC was confirmed based on the clinical presentation, endoscopic findings, and histology, according to the current established criteria for UC. Fecal samples were collected the day before or after the colonoscopy for measurement of FC. Endoscopic evaluations were performed using MES, UCEIS, and UCCIS. The primary outcome measure of this study was the assessment of the association between relapse within 12 mo and MES, UCEIS, UCCIS, and FC. The secondary outcome was the comparison between endoscopic scores and biomarkers in enrolled patients with UC with mucosal healing. RESULTS FC and UCCIS showed a significant correlation with UCEIS (r = 0.537, P < 0.001 and r = 0.957, P < 0.001, respectively). Receiver-operating characteristic analysis for predicting MES 0 showed that the area under the curve of UCCIS was significantly higher than that of FC (P < 0.01). During the 1-year observation period, 18 (24%) patients experienced a relapse, and both the FC and UCCIS of the relapse group were significantly higher than that of the remission group. The cut-off values for predicting relapse were set at FC = 323 mg/kg and UCCIS = 10.2. The area under the curve of the receiver-operating characteristic analysis for predicting relapse did not show a significant difference between FC and UCCIS. The accuracy of the endoscopic scores and biomarkers in predicting relapse was 86.7% for UCCIS, 85.3% for UCEIS, 76.0% for FC, and 73.3% for MES. CONCLUSION The three endoscopic scores and FC may predict UC relapse during clinical remission. Among these scores, UCEIS may be the most useful in terms of ease of evaluation and accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Ishida
- Department of Endoscopic and Photodynamic Medicine, Hamamatsu University of School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Ito
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University of School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kenichi Takahashi
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University of School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Asai
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University of School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Takahiro Miyazu
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University of School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Higuchi
- Department of Endoscopic and Photodynamic Medicine, Hamamatsu University of School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tamura
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University of School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Shinya Tani
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University of School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Mihoko Yamade
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University of School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Moriya Iwaizumi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hamamatsu University of School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hamaya
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University of School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Osawa
- Department of Endoscopic and Photodynamic Medicine, Hamamatsu University of School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
| | - Ken Sugimoto
- First Department of Medicine, Hamamatsu University of School of Medicine, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
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Sigall Boneh R, Assa A, Lev-Tzion R, Matar M, Shouval D, Shubeli C, Tsadok Perets T, Chodick G, Shamir R. Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with Decreased Fecal Calprotectin Levels in Children with Crohn's Disease in Clinical Remission under Biological Therapy. Dig Dis 2023; 42:199-210. [PMID: 38043524 PMCID: PMC10997263 DOI: 10.1159/000535540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) was shown to be associated with decreased disease activity in adult patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Nevertheless, data on its association with fecal calprotectin (FC), particularly in children, remain limited. This study aimed to assess the association between adherence to the MD and FC as an indicator of mucosal healing in patients who are predominantly in remission while undergoing biological therapy. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study among children with CD. Adherence to MD was evaluated using both the KIDMED questionnaire and a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Israeli Mediterranean Diet Adherence Screener (I-MEDAS) score was calculated, and FC samples were obtained. RESULTS Of 103 eligible patients, 99 were included (mean age 14.3 ± 2.6 years; 38.4% females); 88% were in clinical remission, and 30% presented with elevated FC. The mean KIDMED score was higher among patients who had FC <200 μg/g compared to patients with FC >200 μg/g (5.48 ± 2.58 vs. 4.37 ± 2.47, respectively; p = 0.04). A moderate correlation between the KIDMED score and the I-MEDAS score was observed (r = 0.46; p = 0.001). In a multivariate regression analysis, adherence to MD was associated with decreased calprotectin levels, OR 0.75 [95% CI: 0.6-0.95], p = 0.019. Vegetable consumption was found to be inversely associated with elevated FC (0.9 portion/day [0.3-2.9] in FC >200 μg/g vs. 2.2 portions/day [0.87-3.82] in FC <200 μg/g; p = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS In children with CD who are mostly in clinical remission under biological therapy, high adherence to MD is associated with decreased FC levels. Encouraging vegetable consumption, especially during remission, may benefit these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Sigall Boneh
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children’s Medical Centre, Petach-Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amit Assa
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children’s Medical Centre, Petach-Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Juliet Keidan institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Raffi Lev-Tzion
- The Juliet Keidan institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Manar Matar
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children’s Medical Centre, Petach-Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dror Shouval
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children’s Medical Centre, Petach-Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Chen Shubeli
- The Juliet Keidan institute of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tsachi Tsadok Perets
- Gastroenterology Laboratory, Rabin Medical Center, Petach-Tikva, Israel
- Department of Digital Medical Technologies, Holon Institute of Technology, Holon, Israel
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Gabriel Chodick
- School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Raanan Shamir
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Nutrition and Liver Diseases, Schneider Children’s Medical Centre, Petach-Tikva, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Maeda M, Sagami S, Tashima M, Yamana Y, Karashima R, Miyatani Y, Hojo A, Nakano M, Hibi T, Kobayashi T. Milan Ultrasound Criteria Predict Relapse of Ulcerative Colitis in Remission. Inflamm Intest Dis 2023; 8:95-104. [PMID: 38098495 PMCID: PMC10718580 DOI: 10.1159/000532052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bowel ultrasound is a noninvasive alternative to endoscopy for assessing the disease activity of ulcerative colitis; however, it is unclear whether bowel ultrasound can predict subsequent relapse from remission. Materials and Methods A retrospective cohort study enrolled patients with ulcerative colitis who underwent bowel ultrasound between July 2018 and July 2021 during clinical remission (patient-reported outcome-2 ≤1 and no rectal bleeding) for at least 3 months and were followed up for 1 year. Ultrasonographic findings (bowel wall thickness, bowel wall flow, bowel wall stratification, and enlarged lymph nodes), Milan ultrasound criteria, Mayo endoscopic subscore, C-reactive protein, and fecal calprotectin levels and their association with subsequent clinical relapse were assessed. Relapse was defined as rectal bleeding score ≥1, stool frequency score ≥2, or treatment intensification for symptoms. Results 31% of the patients (18/58) relapsed within 1 year. No single ultrasonographic finding predicted relapse, whereas Milan ultrasound criteria >6.2 (p = 0.019), Mayo endoscopic subscore ≥1 (p = 0.013), and fecal calprotectin ≥250 μg/g (p = 0.040) were associated with a shorter time to relapse in the log-rank test. Milan ultrasound criteria >6.2 (hazard ratio 3.22; 95% confidence interval 1.14-9.08, p = 0.027) and Mayo endoscopic subscore ≥1 (hazard ratio 8.70; 95% confidence interval 1.11-68.1, p = 0.039) showed a higher risk of relapse according to a Cox proportional hazards model. Conclusion Bowel ultrasound can predict subsequent clinical relapse from remission in patients with ulcerative colitis using the Milan ultrasound criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masa Maeda
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shintaro Sagami
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moyu Tashima
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamana
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Karashima
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Miyatani
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Hojo
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Nakano
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Hibi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Kobayashi
- Center for Advanced IBD Research and Treatment, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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Jothimani D, Paramasivam R, Manoharan M, Ramachandran H, Muthusamy S, Simon E, Ravichandran J, Rela M. Fecal calprotectin in patients with liver cirrhosis. Indian J Gastroenterol 2023; 42:818-823. [PMID: 37823985 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-023-01450-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Sepsis is the most challenging complication in patients with liver cirrhosis. It destabilizes patients leading to worsening of liver dysfunction and increased mortality. Intestinal bacterial dysbiosis, release of endotoxins, increased gut permeability and associated immune dysregulation have been described in cirrhotic patients with septic complications. Calprotectin is a major cytosolic protein secreted by the inflammatory cells and has been widely studied in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. We aimed at evaluating the role of fecal calprotectin (FCAL) in patients with liver cirrhosis. METHODS A prospective, observational study on the utility of FCAL test was conducted in patients with liver cirrhosis. Fifteen milligrams of fecal specimen was collected and analyzed within 48 hours of hospitalization from patients with end-stage liver disease (ESLD), acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) and at the time of outpatient visit for stable cirrhotics. Five healthy volunteers underwent FCAL test as control population. RESULTS The mean FCAL (µg/g) level in healthy control (n = 5), stable cirrhotics (n = 10), ESLD (n = 10) and ACLF (n = 10) patients was 109.2 (95% CI: - 53.39 to 271.79), 143.3 (95% CI: 50.5-236.45), 176.9 (95% CI: 122.93-230.87) and 543.5 (95% CI: 207.09-879.91) (p = 0.005), respectively. Sepsis was identified in 13 (43.3%) patients. Area under the receiver-operating characteristics curve (AUROC) of FCAL was 0.80 (p = 0.005) and FCAL ≥ 200 µg/g (OR = 10.8, p = 0.006) was associated with sepsis. Nine (25.7%) patients expired. FCAL level was significantly higher in dead patients compared to survivors (mean, 493.67 (95% CI: 142.20-845.14) vs. 199.71 (95% CI: 99.84-299.59) μg/g,p = 0.005. CONCLUSIONS FCAL levels are increased in patients with chronic liver disease, with highest level in ACLF. An FCAL level of ≥ 200 µg/g was associated with sepsis and mortality in cirrhotic patients. Larger studies are required to identify the role of FCAL in these patients. Early identification and initiation of anti-microbials may mitigate sepsis and reduce mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Jothimani
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Dr Rela Institute and Medical Centre, No 7, CLC Works Road, Chrompet, Chennai, 600 044, India.
| | - Ramya Paramasivam
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Dr Rela Institute and Medical Centre, No 7, CLC Works Road, Chrompet, Chennai, 600 044, India
| | - Mullaiezhili Manoharan
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Dr Rela Institute and Medical Centre, No 7, CLC Works Road, Chrompet, Chennai, 600 044, India
| | - Hemalatha Ramachandran
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Dr Rela Institute and Medical Centre, No 7, CLC Works Road, Chrompet, Chennai, 600 044, India
| | - Subha Muthusamy
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Dr Rela Institute and Medical Centre, No 7, CLC Works Road, Chrompet, Chennai, 600 044, India
| | - Evangeline Simon
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Dr Rela Institute and Medical Centre, No 7, CLC Works Road, Chrompet, Chennai, 600 044, India
| | - Jinesh Ravichandran
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Dr Rela Institute and Medical Centre, No 7, CLC Works Road, Chrompet, Chennai, 600 044, India
| | - Mohamed Rela
- Institute of Liver Disease and Transplantation, Dr Rela Institute and Medical Centre, No 7, CLC Works Road, Chrompet, Chennai, 600 044, India
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Dell'Era A, Cannatelli R, Ferretti F, Manzotti C, Dilillo D, Zuccotti G, Meneghin F, Ardizzone S, Maconi G. Relevance of sonographic parameters for inflammatory bowel disease in children. J Ultrasound 2023; 26:815-822. [PMID: 37402110 PMCID: PMC10632348 DOI: 10.1007/s40477-023-00800-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Intestinal ultrasound (IUS) is widely used as the first exam in patients with suspected inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study investigated the accuracy of several IUS parameters, including increased bowel wall thickening (BWT), in detecting IBD in a paediatric population. METHODS The study included an unselected series of 113 patients aged 2-18 years (mean age 10.8 years, 65 male), referred for recurrent abdominal pain or altered bowel habits, without known organic diseases, to perform an IUS as first investigation of a diagnostic workup. Patients with full systematic IUS examination, clinical and biochemical exams, and ileocolonoscopy or an uneventful follow-up at least one year follow up were eligible. RESULTS 23 IBD patients (20.4%; 8 ulcerative colitis, 12 Crohn's disease and 3 indeterminate colitis) were diagnosed. We found that increased BWT > 3 mm (OR 5.4), altered IUS bowel pattern (IUS-BP, OR 9.8) and mesenteric hypertrophy (MH, OR 5.2) accurately identified IBD at the multivariate analysis. IUS-BP, MH and BWT > 3 mm had a sensitivity of 78.3%, 65.2% and 69.6% and a specificity of 93.3%, 92.2% and 96.7%, respectively. The combination of these three alterations increased the specificity up to 100%, whilst decreased sensitivity to 56.5%. CONCLUSION Among several US parameters suggestive of IBD, the increased BWT, MH and altered echopattern are independent predictors of IBD. The ultrasonographic diagnosis of IBD could be more accurate if relied on combination of different sonographic parameters, than on the sole BWT evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Dell'Era
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi, 74, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Cannatelli
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi, 74, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferretti
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi, 74, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Manzotti
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi, 74, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Dario Dilillo
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Via Lodovico Castelvetro, 32, 20154, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Via Lodovico Castelvetro, 32, 20154, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Meneghin
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Via Lodovico Castelvetro, 32, 20154, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Ardizzone
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi, 74, 20157, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Maconi
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Giovanni Battista Grassi, 74, 20157, Milan, Italy.
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Sommersberger S, Gunawan S, Elger T, Fererberger T, Loibl J, Huss M, Kandulski A, Krautbauer S, Müller M, Liebisch G, Buechler C, Tews HC. Altered fecal bile acid composition in active ulcerative colitis. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:199. [PMID: 37980492 PMCID: PMC10656844 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01971-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disturbed bile acid homeostasis associated with a rise of primary and a decline of secondary bile acids is a consistent finding in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Whether fecal bile acids may emerge as biomarkers for IBD diagnosis and disease severity is less clear. Our study aimed to identify associations of 18 fecal bile acid species with IBD entity and disease activity. METHODS Stool samples of 62 IBD patients and 17 controls were collected. Eighteen fecal bile acid species were quantified by LC-MS/MS using stable isotope dilution. Lipid levels normalized to a dry weight of the fecal homogenates and ratios of single bile acid species to total bile acid levels were used for calculations. RESULTS IBD patients exhibited altered primary and secondary bile acid ratios in stool, with notable distinctions between ulcerative colitis (UC) compared to Crohn's disease (CD) and healthy controls. Fecal calprotectin was negatively correlated with glycolithocholic acid (GLCA) and hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) in UC. These bile acids were reduced in stool of UC patients with fecal calprotectin levels > 500 µg/g compared to UC patients with low calprotectin levels. Moreover, negative associations of six secondary bile acids with C-reactive protein (CRP) existed in UC. In CD patients, fecal bile acids did not correlate with CRP or fecal calprotectin. Diarrhoea is common in IBD, and UC patients with diarrhoea had reduced deoxycholic acid (DCA), glycine conjugated DCA (GDCA) and lithocholic acid in stool in contrast to patients with normal stool consistency. Fecal bile acid levels were not associated with diarrhoea in CD patients. UC patients treated with mesalazine had increased levels of fecal GDCA whereas no such changes were observed in CD patients. Bile acid levels of CD and UC patients treated with biologicals or corticosteroids did not change. Relative levels of GHDCA (specificity: 79%, sensitivity: 67%) and glycochenodeoxycholic acid (specificity: 74%, sensitivity: 63%) were the most specific to distinguish UC from CD. CONCLUSION Disrupted fecal bile acid homeostasis is associated with disease severity and disease symptoms in UC but not in CD, potentially aiding in distinguishing IBD subtypes and classifying the pathophysiology of diarrhoea in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Sommersberger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Gunawan
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Elger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Fererberger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Loibl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Muriel Huss
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Arne Kandulski
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Krautbauer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martina Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Hauke Christian Tews
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
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Gomes N, Ferreira-Sa L, Alves N, Dallago B, Moraes A, Carvalho JL, Nitz N, Hagström L, Braz S, Machado ER, Gurgel-Gonçalves R, Hecht M. Uncovering the effects of Giardia duodenalis on the balance of DNA viruses and bacteria in children's gut microbiota. Acta Trop 2023; 247:107018. [PMID: 37673134 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The neglected parasitosis giardiasis is one of the most common intestinal infections worldwide, affecting mainly infants and young children. Giardia duodenalis may disturb the local microbiome, leading to intestinal ecosystem disorders, and altering different processes in the host, such as the immune response. Nevertheless, the alterations promoted by G. duodenalis on the human gut microbiome have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we characterized the gut microbiota of G. duodenalis-infected children and determine the main alterations promoted by the parasite. To do so, fecal samples of 26 infected and four uninfected children aged 2 to 6 years old were processed for High Efficiency Microarray analysis, in order to describe their bacterial and viral profiles. Then, we quantified the total bacterial population by qPCR and assessed fecal calprotectin levels, which are closely related with gut inflammation. A total of 286 bacteria's species and 17 viruses' strains were identified. Our results revealed no statistically significant differences between G. duodenalis positive and negative groups in the taxa's phyla and families. However, bacterial species diversity was increased in children infected with G. duodenalis (p < 0.05), while the total number of bacteria was decreased (p < 0.05). Considering the virome analysis, 17 different strains were identified, 88% being bacteriophages. The correlation analysis revealed an important disruption in the balance of DNA virus and bacteria within the intestinal microbiota of Giardia-positive children. Our findings constitute the first description of the gut virome of Giardia-infected children and suggest that G. duodenalis infection exerts a modulatory effect on the gut microbiome, promoting local inflammation and altering the equilibrium of the parasite-microbiota-host triad. This highlights the importance of considering polymicrobial associations and understanding the broader context of giardiasis. Overall, our study provides new insights into the complex interactions between intestinal parasites and the microbiota, which may have implications for the development of novel therapeutic interventions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nélio Gomes
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Lana Ferreira-Sa
- Laboratory of Medical Parasitology and Vector Biology Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Nayra Alves
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Bruno Dallago
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Aline Moraes
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lott Carvalho
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil; Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program, Catholic University of Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Nadjar Nitz
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Luciana Hagström
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Shélida Braz
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Eleuza Rodrigues Machado
- Laboratory of Medical Parasitology and Vector Biology Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Gurgel-Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Medical Parasitology and Vector Biology Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Mariana Hecht
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Biosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.
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Header DA, Ellakany WI, Ellakany AI. Fecal calprotectin level as a marker of esophageal varices in Egyptian HCV cirrhotic patients. Rev Gastroenterol Mex (Engl Ed) 2023; 88:333-340. [PMID: 35810088 DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmxen.2022.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIM Esophageal varices are one of the complications of portal hypertension in cirrhotic patients that lead to high morbidity and mortality. Our aim was to assess the fecal calprotectin (FC) level in Egyptian cirrhotic patients as a non-invasive marker for the presence of esophageal varices. MATERIALS AND METHODS The current study included 250 participants in the period from June 2019 to November 2020, divided into three groups: group 1: 100 HCV cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices that would then be subdivided, according to the Paquet classification; group 2: 100 HCV cirrhotic patients without esophageal varices; group 3: 50 normal age and sex-matched healthy subjects as the control group. Patients with other causes of abnormal calprotectin results were excluded. RESULTS The comparison of FC in the three study groups revealed a statistically significant difference, with FC levels higher in groups 1 and 2 (mean 66.4±10.41 and 48.4±10.92, respectively). There was a significant difference in FC levels between the subgroups, subdivided according to the Paquet classification (P=.001). FC levels were higher in the grade III and IV subgroups. FC in the diagnosis of HCV cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices showed the best performance when the cut-off value was >55; AUC was 0.918, with 92% sensitivity, 95% specificity, and 93% accuracy. CONCLUSION FC levels serve as a screening tool for esophageal varices. FC was higher in cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices, especially in the grade III and IV subgroups, according to the Paquet classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Header
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alejandría, Alejandría, Egypt.
| | - W I Ellakany
- Departamento de Medicina Tropical, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alejandría, Alejandría, Egypt
| | - A I Ellakany
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Alejandría, Alejandría, Egypt
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Chen G, Lv X, Tang W. Fecal calprotectin as a non-invasive marker for the prediction of post-necrotizing enterocolitis stricture. Pediatr Surg Int 2023; 39:250. [PMID: 37594554 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05534-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of fecal calprotectin (FC) levels during the necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) episode to predict the onset of post-NEC intestinal stricture. METHODS The medical records of patients with NEC treated from April 2020 to April 2022 were recorded for this study. FC was quantified at the acute phase of NEC. FC levels were compared in patients with or without intestinal stricture. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis was constructed to determine optimal cut-offs of FC for post-NEC intestinal stricture. RESULTS A total of 50 infants with NEC were enrolled in this study and 14 (28%) of them eventually developed intestinal stricture. All children with intestinal stricture underwent one-stage surgery and all made it through the follow-up period alive. The median FC level was 1237.55 (741.25, 1378.80) ug/g in patients with intestinal stricture and it was significantly higher than that in the non-stricture group [158.30 (76.23, 349.13) ug/g, P < 0.001]. FC had good diagnostic accuracy for predicting intestinal stricture, according to ROC curve analysis, with an AUC area of 0.911. At an optimal cut-off value of 664.2 ug/g, sensitivity and specificity were 85.71% and 91.67%, respectively. CONCLUSION As a non-invasive parameter, FC has excellent efficacy and accuracy in predicting post-NEC intestinal stricture. Increased FC levels at the acute phase of NEC were associated with the development of intestinal stricture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lv
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Weibing Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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Acharya K, Bhardwaj V, Chuahan I, Mushfiq S, Bhatt S, Lamba BM. Comparison of Fecal Calprotectin with Different Endoscopic Scores in the Assessment of Ulcerative Colitis (UC) Activity and Its Utility in Differentiating IBS from IBD. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol 2023; 13:120-123. [PMID: 38222953 PMCID: PMC10785125 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10018-1411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic inflammatory disease of gastrointestinal tract, can have initial presentation which is clinically difficult to differentiate from functional bowel disorders [irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and irritable bowel disease (IBD)]. Conventional laboratory tests, such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein, and albumin express systemic patient responses instead of intestinal inflammation. In the last decade, fecal calprotectin, a calcium-binding protein, has been suggested as a sensitive marker of intestinal inflammation. However, only few studies have investigated its role in relation with the extent of the disease. Aim To evaluate the usefulness of fecal calprotectin as a biomarker for disease activity in UC, its correlation with disease extent and its utility in differentiating IBS from IBD. Methods A total of 75 patients (50 cases with colonoscopic evidence of inflammation and 25 cases with normal colonoscopic examination) were included in the study. Fecal calprotectin test was done on the day of colonoscopy. Severity of the disease was assessed by modified Mayo's endoscopy score (MMES). Results Age and baseline parameters were comparable in both the groups (UC and IBS). Patients in the ulcerative group had tachycardia (95 vs 74), high ESR (26 vs 20), high leukocytes count (9198 vs 8852), high fecal calprotectin (594 vs 29), low albumin (3.00 vs 3.80) and low hemoglobin (11 vs 13.40). Minimum and maximum MMES were 2 and 13.2. A significant correlation was observed between fecal calprotectin and MMES (p-value < 0.001). Conclusion Fecal calprotectin is a simple, noninvasive, cost-effective marker that is strongly associated with colorectal inflammation; moreover, it has better role in the differentiation of IBD (UC) from IBS. How to cite this article Acharya K, Bhardwaj V, Chuahan I, et al. Comparison of Fecal Calprotectin with Different Endoscopic Scores in the Assessment of Ulcerative Colitis (UC) Activity and Its Utility in Differentiating IBS from IBD. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2023;13(2):120-123.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpana Acharya
- Department of Gastroenterology, RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Imran Chuahan
- Department of Gastroenterology, RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Syed Mushfiq
- Department of Gastroenterology, SKIMS, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sunil Bhatt
- Department of Gastroenterology, RML Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Brij Mohan Lamba
- Department of Medicine, Sharda University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Songtanin B, Evans A, Nugent K, Costilla V. The Utility of Fecal Calprotectin in the Diagnosis and Management of Microscopic Colitis. J Community Hosp Intern Med Perspect 2023; 13:71-73. [PMID: 37868242 PMCID: PMC10589029 DOI: 10.55729/2000-9666.1215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The incidence of microscopic colitis has increased over time. To date, there is no specific biomarker for microscopic colitis, and the diagnosis relies on histopathological tissue obtained during colonoscopy which is an invasive and costly procedure. Unlike Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, the utility of fecal calprotectin in diagnosing or monitoring microscopic colitis has not been established, and studies on the role of fecal calprotectin in microscopic colitis are limited. In this retrospective study, we analyzed the utility of this biomarker in the diagnosis of microscopic colitis. Methods The medical records of patients who have been diagnosed with collagenous colitis and lymphocytic colitis aged 18-89 years old were retrospectively reviewed. Patient characteristics were recorded in those who had fecal calprotectin measured. Results There were 198 patients who were diagnosed with collagenous colitis and lymphocytic between October 1, 2015, and July 31, 2022. Twenty-three patients had fecal calprotectin levels measured and were included in this study. The mean age was 51.7 ± 7.8 years in all groups. Thirteen patients were female. Six patients (26.1%) were diagnosed with collagenous colitis, and 17 patients (73.9%) were diagnosed with lymphocytic colitis. The fecal calprotectin cut-off in this lab is 50 μg/g stool. Median fecal calprotectin levels were 30.1 μg/g (15.6, 122.5), 19.5 μg/g (16.5, 64.6), and 33.2 μg/g (15.6, 134.9) in all groups, collagenous colitis, and lymphocytic colitis, respectively. Conclusion The utility of fecal calprotectin in diagnosing microscopic colitis is limited. Our study suggests the diagnosis should be based on histopathology tissue obtained during colonoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busara Songtanin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Lubbock, TX,
USA
| | - Abbie Evans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Lubbock, TX,
USA
| | - Kenneth Nugent
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Lubbock, TX,
USA
| | - Vanessa Costilla
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Center, Lubbock, TX,
USA
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Lahtinen P, Jalanka J, Mattila E, Tillonen J, Bergman P, Satokari R, Arkkila P. Fecal microbiota transplantation for the maintenance of remission in patients with ulcerative colitis: A randomized controlled trial. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:2666-2678. [PMID: 37213403 PMCID: PMC10198050 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i17.2666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) is a promising new method for treating active ulcerative colitis (UC), but knowledge regarding FMT for quiescent UC is scarce.
AIM To investigate FMT for the maintenance of remission in UC patients.
METHODS Forty-eight UC patients were randomized to receive a single-dose FMT or autologous transplant via colonoscopy. The primary endpoint was set to the maintenance of remission, a fecal calprotectin level below 200 μg/g, and a clinical Mayo score below three throughout the 12-mo follow-up. As secondary endpoints, we recorded the patient’s quality of life, fecal calprotectin, blood chemistry, and endoscopic findings at 12 mo.
RESULTS The main endpoint was achieved by 13 out of 24 (54%) patients in the FMT group and by 10 out of 24 (41%) patients in the placebo group (log-rank test, P = 0.660). Four months after FMT, the quality-of-life scores decreased in the FMT group compared to the placebo group (P = 0.017). In addition, the disease-specific quality of life measure was higher in the placebo group than in the FMT group at the same time point (P = 0.003). There were no differences in blood chemistry, fecal calprotectin, or endoscopic findings among the study groups at 12 mo. The adverse events were infrequent, mild, and distributed equally between the groups.
CONCLUSION There were no differences in the number of relapses between the study groups at the 12-mo follow-up. Thus, our results do not support the use of a single-dose FMT for the maintenance of remission in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perttu Lahtinen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti 15610, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Jonna Jalanka
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Eero Mattila
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Uusimaa, Finland
| | - Jyrki Tillonen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Lahti 15610, Finland
| | - Paula Bergman
- Department of Bioinformatics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Reetta Satokari
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Perttu Arkkila
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Helsinki, Center Hospital, Helsinki 00029, Uusimaa, Finland
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18
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Zhu M, Fan L, Han M, Zhu S, Zhang S, Shi H. The usefulness of fecal hemoglobin and calprotectin tests in diagnosing significant bowel diseases: a prospective study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2023; 58:368-374. [PMID: 36260495 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2022.2133551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although colonoscopy remains the gold standard for determining bowel diseases, it's invasive and expensive. New non-invasive diagnostic methods are urgently needed as an initial screening modality. We aimed to investigate the value of fecal calprotectin (FC) and fecal immunochemical test (FIT) in differentiation of significant and non- significant bowel diseases. METHODS In this prospective study, consecutive individuals were included if they underwent colonoscopy for symptoms of lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract, positive fecal occult blood test, surveillance for IBD or colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Diagnostic value of FC and FIT in discriminating significant bowel diseases (advanced neoplasia, active inflammatory bowel diseases or bowel inflammation due to other causes) and non-significant bowel diseases (normal, asymptomatic diverticulum, non-adenomatous polyp, or non-advanced neoplasia) were evaluated. RESULTS Among 201 individuals included, 107 patients had significant bowel diseases. FC and FIT had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.722 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.653-0.792) and 0.797 (95%CI 0.734-0.860), respectively, for determining significant bowel diseases. Combination of FC and FIT predicted significant bowel diseases with an AUC, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 0.832 (95% CI 0.775-0.890), 77.6%, 74.5%, and 76.1%, respectively. Moreover, combination of FC and FIT was more sensitive among patients with lower GI symptoms than asymptomatic individuals (80.8% vs. 74.1%) to identify significant bowel diseases. CONCLUSIONS A single measurement of FC or FIT is not sufficiently accurate to identify patients with significant bowel disease. However, combination of FC and FIT can help increase the sensitivity, especially in patients with lower GI symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Liqiaona Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Muzhou Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Siying Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shutian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyun Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing Digestive Disease Center, Beijing Key Laboratory for Precancerous Lesion of Digestive Diseases, Beijing, China
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Cenni S, Casertano M, Trani M, Pacella D, Martinelli M, Staiano A, Miele E, Strisciuglio C. The use of calgranulin-C (S100A12) and fecal zonulin as possible non-invasive markers in children with inflammatory bowel disease: a clinical study. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:1299-1308. [PMID: 36637538 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-022-04771-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Calgranulin-C (S100A12) and zonulin are considered markers of intestinal inflammation. Our aim was to evaluate fecal S100A12 (f-S100A12) and fecal zonulin (f-zonulin) in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), compared to fecal calprotectin (FC) and serum inflammatory markers. We enrolled children with a previous diagnosis of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). F-S100A12, f-zonulin, and FC were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Endoscopic examination was considered in the patients who underwent ileocolonoscopy within 2 weeks from the enrollment. One hundred seventeen children, 39.3% with CD and 60.7% with UC were enrolled. In both CD and UC, there was a significant direct correlation between FC and f-S100A12 levels. In children with CD and UC, both FC and f-S100A12 correlated with markers of serum inflammation. We found difference in FC and f-S100A12 levels between patients in clinical relapse and remission (FC: mean 1027 ± 818 mcg/ml vs 580 ± 695 mcg/ml respectively, p = 0.028; f-S100A12: mean 66.4 ± 48.2 mcg/ml vs 42.7 ± 40 mcg/ml, respectively p = 0.02). Moreover, we found difference in FC between children with endoscopic inflammation and remission (mean 825 ± 779 mcg/ml vs 473.3 ± 492 mcg/ml, respectively p = 0.048), as well as for f-S100A12 (53 ± 43 mcg/ml vs mean 31 ± 33 mcg/ml vs, respectively p = 0.019). No significant results were found for f-zonulin. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that f-S100A12 and FC are both useful non-invasive biomarkers in the management of pediatric IBD in follow up and in monitoring endoscopic and clinical relapse. WHAT IS KNOWN • Fecal calprotectin (FC), fecal S100A12 (f- S100A12), and fecal zonulin represent potential noninvasive markers of gut inflammation. • Since S100A12 is predominantly expressed by granulocytes, high levels of f-S100A12 should be more specific for inflammation than FC. WHAT IS NEW • FC and f-S100A12 were correlated to each other and despite the lack of correlation with disease location, they were associated with endoscopic inflammation and clinical relapse in children with IBD. • No significant correlations were found between f-zonulin and the inflammatory parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Cenni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marianna Casertano
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Trani
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Pacella
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Martinelli
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Staiano
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Erasmo Miele
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Strisciuglio
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy.
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Shi JT, Chen N, Xu J, Goyal H, Wu ZQ, Zhang JX, Xu HG. Diagnostic Accuracy of Fecal Calprotectin for Predicting Relapse in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031206. [PMID: 36769850 PMCID: PMC9917450 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fecal calprotectin (FC) levels correlate with the disease activity of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD); however, the utility of FC in predicting IBD relapse remains to be determined. We aim to evaluate the efficacy of fecal calprotectin in predicting the relapse of inflammatory bowel disease. We searched Pubmed (MEDLINE), Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library databases up to 7 July 2021. Our study estimated the pooled sensitivity and specificity, summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve, and the optimal cut-off value for predicting IBD relapse using a multiple threshold model. A total of 24 prospective studies were included in the meta-analysis. The optimal FC cut-off value was 152 μg/g. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of FC was 0.720 (0.528 to 0.856) and 0.740 (0.618 to 0.834), respectively. FC is a useful, non-invasive, and inexpensive biomarker for the early prediction of IBD relapse. An FC value of 152 μg/g is an ideal threshold to identify patients with a high relapse probability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Tong Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Nuo Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hemant Goyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (H.G.); (H.-G.X.)
| | - Zhi-Qi Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jie-Xin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hua-Guo Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
- Correspondence: (H.G.); (H.-G.X.)
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21
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Shehab AY, Allam AF, Saad AAEK, Osman MM, Ibrahim HS, Moneer EA, Tolba MM. Proposed morbidity markers among Schistosoma mansoni patients. Trop Parasitol 2023; 13:40-45. [PMID: 37415754 PMCID: PMC10321587 DOI: 10.4103/tp.tp_46_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Fecal calprotectin (FC) and fecal occult blood (FOB) were suggested as potential inflammatory markers for assessing intestinal schistosomiasis morbidity that are conventionally detected through invasive methods. Aim and Objectives The present work aimed to evaluate FC and FOB as morbidity markers of Schistosoma mansoni infection before and after praziquantel treatment. Materials and Methods A total of 205 stool samples (117 schoolchildren and 88 adults) were collected and examined by Kato Katz. A questionnaire enquiring about diarrhea, history of blood in stool, and abdominal pain was designed and applied. Results S. mansoni prevalence rates were 20.5% and 11.36% among children and adults, respectively; the majority of cases had light infection intensity. FC and FOB were studied among 25 cured S. mansoni cases (17 children and 8 adults) pre and one-month post treatment. Before treatment, six and four children of moderate and high S. mansoni infection intensity tested positive for FC and FOB, respectively, all turning negative after treatment. FC showed borderline statistical significance before and after treatment among children. However, all adults tested negative for FC and FOB. Conclusion FC and FOB could be possibly used as morbidity monitoring tools for S. mansoni infection in children with moderate and high infection intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Youssef Shehab
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amal Farahat Allam
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Mervat Mostafa Osman
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Heba Said Ibrahim
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Esraa Abdelhamid Moneer
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Applied Health Sciences Technology, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mona Mohamed Tolba
- Department of Parasitology, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Egypt
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22
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Xu W, Zhang Y, Zhao W, Chen J, Maas K, Hussain N, Henderson WA, Cong X. Trends of fecal calprotectin levels and associations with early life experience in preterm infants. Interdiscip Nurs Res 2022; 1:36-42. [PMID: 36590866 DOI: 10.1097/NR9.0000000000000006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Preterm infants are at risk for severe infections due to their immature immune systems. Factors such as early life pain/stress experiences and feeding may influence immune activation and maturation of immune systems. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Fecal calprotectin (FCP) is a noninvasive surrogate biomarker of mucosal inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract and has been used in detecting intestinal inflammation in specific pediatric gastrointestinal disorders. Objective To describe the longitudinal trajectory of FCP levels in preterm infants and investigate the contributing factors that are associated with FCP levels. Design A longitudinal study design was used. Settings Preterm infants were recruited from 2 neonatal intensive care units (NICU) of a children's medical center in the North-eastern US. Methods Preterm infants were followed during their first 4 weeks of NICU hospitalization. Stool samples were collected twice per week to quantify the FCP levels. Cumulative pain/stress experiences and feeding types were measured daily. A linear mixed-effect model was used to examine the associations between FCP levels and demographic and clinical characteristics, cumulative pain/stress, and feeding over time. Results Forty-nine preterm infants were included in the study. Infants' FCP levels varied largely with a mean of 268.7±261.3 µg/g and increased over time. Preterm infants experienced an average of 7.5±5.0 acute painful procedures and 15.3±20.8 hours of chronic painful procedures per day during their NICU stay. The mean percentage of mother's own milk increased from the first week (57.1±36.5%) to the fourth week (60.7±38.9%) after birth. Elevated FCP concentration was associated with acute and cumulative (chronic) pain/stress levels, mother's own milk, non-White race, and higher severity of illness score. Conclusions FCP levels were elevated in preterm infants with wide interindividual and intraindividual variations. Cumulative pain/stress during the NICU hospitalization, feeding, race, and health status may influence FCP concentrations in early life that may be associated with inflammatory gut processes.
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Abou-Seri HM, Ibrahim A, Zahran F. Possible Correlation between Giardia duodenalis Genotypes and Fecal Calprotectin in Children with Diarrhea. Iran J Parasitol 2022; 17:488-496. [PMID: 36694565 PMCID: PMC9825697 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v17i4.11275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Giardiasis is one of the leading causes of diarrhea, particularly among children under the age of five in developing countries. Fecal calprotectin (FC) is an important biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring of inflammtory bowel disease, but other diagnoses should be considered in light of its elevation. We aimed to evaluate FC level in patients diagnosed with giardiasis and elucidate a possible correlation between Giardia genotypes and FC levels. Methods Overall, 120 fecal samples were collected from children aged 4-12 years and tested for giardiasis by light microscopy. Out of which, 50 samples were enrolled within two groups: group I "cases" and group II "controls" and then subjected to PCR amplification, sequencing of the beta-giardin (bg) gene of the parasite, and FC evaluation. Results Assemblage B was identified in 75%, and assemblage A in 25% of samples. FC levels were statistically elevated in "group I" in comparison to "group II". Likewise, there was a statistically significant difference between FC levels in patients infected with assemblage A and assemblage B with a mean of 114 μg/gm and 202 μg/gm, respectively. Conclusion The study highlighted the possible association between Giardia genotype B and elevated FC levels, further detailed studies are necessary to clarify these finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan M Abou-Seri
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Ibrahim
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City (GEBRI, USC), Sadat, Egypt
| | - Fatima Zahran
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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24
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Rohani P, Beheshti NR, Alimadadi H, Sohouli MH. Association of fecal calprotectin level with eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease in Iranian pediatrics. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2022; 18:86. [PMID: 36180889 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-022-00728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Fecal calprotectin (FC) is a noninvasive biomarker for assessing the inflammatory status of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to determine the association between FC levels and Eosinophilic colitis (EC) before and after treatment in pediatrics. Method In this cross-sectional study, 330 patients with rectorrhagia and FC levels > 200 μg/g were included in the study. Patients were then subjected to colonoscopy, and if 30 or more eosinophils were observed in the pathology of at least two parts of the colon, EC was diagnosed. Of the 330 patients included in the study, 14 patients were diagnosed as EC. Treatment included seven food elimination diet (food allergens) for 3 months. After 3 months, FC levels were repeated and colonoscopy was performed. Results The mean age of the children was 5.9 years. After the elimination diet, the number of eosinophils in all segments of colon significantly decreased (P < 0.001) and according to the pathology report, the number of eosinophils improved in 42.9% of patients. Also, the mean number of segments involved in the colon of patients was significantly decreased (P < 0.001). Mean FC levels were significantly decreased after 3 months (P < 0.001). The cut-off point of 114 μg/g of FC had sensitivity (75%), specificity (67%), positive predictive value (75%), negative predictive value (67%), accuracy (71.4%), and area under the ROC curve (0.708) acceptable in predicting EC. Conclusion This study showed that FC levels can be elevated in patients with EC, which is easily corrected with a targeted elimination of food allergens.
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25
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Zhang ZH, Wang W, Zhang XH, Pan J, Chen X. Fecal Calprotectin in Children with Cow's Milk Protein Allergy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2022; 183:1189-1197. [PMID: 36067734 DOI: 10.1159/000525961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is still an unmet need for a reliable and straightforward biomarker to diagnose and monitor cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA). Fecal calprotectin (FC) has been reported as a biomarker for CMPA. Therefore, the meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the value of FC in the diagnosis and monitoring of CMPA. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library up to April 2022 were searched for relevant studies. Pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined using the forest plot. Heterogeneity was used to determine the fixed or random-effect model. RESULTS Twelve studies including 310 patients and 217 controls were available for the meta-analysis. The FC levels in children with CMPA were significantly higher than in healthy control (SMD = 1.15; 95% CI: 0.38-1.91). After elimination diet treatment, FC levels were reduced considerably with the pooled SMD of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.48-1.26). CONCLUSION The results indicated that FC could be a simple and reliable biomarker for diagnosing CMPA, especially in non-IgE-mediated CMPA infants. Besides, calprotectin was also potential for predicting therapy response of CMPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xian-Hui Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Shanxi and Women Health Center of Shanxi, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The 908th Hospital of Chinese PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, Nanchang, China
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26
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Han W, Wu J, Zhang P, Hu N, Mei Q, Hu J. Fecal calprotectin predicts endoscopic activity and mucosal healing of small bowel Crohn's disease evaluated by double-balloon endoscopy. Int J Colorectal Dis 2022; 37:1953-1961. [PMID: 35927341 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-022-04232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fecal calprotectin (FC) levels can reflect the level of intestinal inflammation. Crohn's disease (CD), which affects the small bowel, has not been linked to FC levels. We determined if FC levels and endoscopic activity were related by performing double-balloon endoscopy (DBE). METHODS Herein, patients with small bowel CD diagnosed by DBE between January 2020 and January 2022 were prospectively observed. Feces and blood samples of patients were collected before performing DBE and checked for the levels of FC and serological biomarkers. The endoscopic activity and mucosal healing (MH) were evaluated using the partial simple endoscopic score (pSES-CD). RESULTS In all 254 CD patients, FC levels were correlated with pSES-CD (r = 0.775, P < 0.001). Even in patients with isolated small bowel CD, FC levels were strongly correlated with pSES-CD (r = 0.753, P < 0.001). In all patients, FC as an endoscopic remission indicator was found to have an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.872, with a cut-off value of 156.09 µg/g. In patients with isolated small bowel CD, FC yielded a high AUC of 0.865 for predicting endoscopic remission, with a cut-off value of 211.48 µg/g, sensitivity of 73.95%, and specificity of 91.30%. FC was optimally cut-off at 76.99 µg/g to predict MH in accordance with the AUC of 0.877. CONCLUSIONS Using DBE findings, FC was found to be significantly correlated with pSES-CD. Even in isolated small bowel CD, FC may be a more reliable marker of accurately predicting endoscopic remission and MH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Juan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Naizhong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Qiao Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China.
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Adriana DN, Sugihartono T, Nusi IA, Setiawan PB, Purbayu H, Maimunah U, Kholili U, Widodo B, Thamrin H, Vidyani A, Maulahela H, Yamaoka Y, Miftahussurur M. Role of fecal calprotectin as a hypoxic intestinal damage biomarker in COVID-19 patients. Gut Pathog 2022; 14:34. [PMID: 35945626 PMCID: PMC9360717 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-022-00507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gastrointestinal manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appear to be substantial. Fecal calprotectin is a promising biomarker in COVID-19 associated gastrointestinal inflammation; however, its role in the severity of COVID-19 remains limited. We conducted a study to analyze the relationship between the severity of COVID-19 and hypoxic intestinal damage. Methods We assessed the severity of 44 hospitalized COVID-19 pneumonia patients based on the PaO2/FiO2 (P/F) ratio. Inflammatory markers were measured from blood samples, and fecal calprotectin was obtained from stool samples. Results Median levels of fecal calprotectin in COVID-19 patients involved in this study (n = 44) were found to be markedly elevated along with the severity of hypoxemia, as seen in the non-acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) group 21.4 µg/g (5.2–120.9), mild ARDS 54.30 µg/g (5.2–1393.7), moderate ARDS 169.6 µg/g (43.4–640.5), and severe ARDS 451.6 µg/g (364.5–538.6). We also found significant differences in fecal calprotectin levels based on the severity of ARDS (P < 0.001), and although the patients were divided into ARDS and non-ARDS groups (P < 0.001). Furthermore, we found a strong negative correlation between the P/F ratio and fecal calprotectin levels (r = − 0.697, P < 0.001). Conclusion Our findings support the potential role of fecal calprotectin as a biomarker of intestinal inflammation in COVID-19 as a consequence of hypoxic intestinal damage and as suggested by the reduced P/F ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deasy Natalia Adriana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Dr, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia
| | - Titong Sugihartono
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia.
| | - Iswan Abbas Nusi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia
| | - Poernomo Boedi Setiawan
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia
| | - Herry Purbayu
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia
| | - Ummi Maimunah
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia
| | - Ulfa Kholili
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia
| | - Budi Widodo
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia
| | - Husin Thamrin
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia
| | - Amie Vidyani
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia
| | - Hasan Maulahela
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia. .,Helicobacter Pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia. .,Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasama-machi, Yufu, Oita, 879-5593, Japan. .,Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Muhammad Miftahussurur
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia.,Helicobacter Pylori and Microbiota Study Group, Institute of Tropical Disease, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia
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Cao WT, Huang R, Liu S, Fan YH, Xu MS, Xu Y, Ni H. Infliximab trough level combined with inflammatory biomarkers predict long-term endoscopic outcomes in Crohn’s disease under infliximab therapy. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:2582-2596. [PMID: 35949356 PMCID: PMC9254140 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i23.2582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infliximab trough level (ITL) severely affects therapeutic outcomes of Crohn’s disease (CD) patients under infliximab (IFX). Recently, frontier research has focused on identifying ITL based on different therapeutic targets. Although previous studies have elaborated clinical value of ITL monitoring on short-term outcomes in CD patients during therapy, studies contraposing the predictive value of ITL on long-term endoscopic outcomes in CD patients are still scarce domestically and overseas.
AIM To explore the predictive value of ITL in combination with inflammatory biomarkers on long-term endoscopic outcomes in CD with clinical remission during IFX maintenance therapy.
METHODS CD patients with endoscopic remission under long-term IFX maintenance therapy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University from January 2012 to December 2020 were collected. ITL and inflammatory biomarkers were continuously monitored during the therapy. The Step I study was conducted from weeks 14 to 54 of IFX treatment. The Step II study was conducted from weeks 54 to 108 of IFX treatment. Endoscopic outcomes were defined as endoscopic activity (Crohn’s disease endoscopic index of severity score > 2 points or Rutgeerts score > i1) and endoscopic remission (Crohn’s disease endoscopic index of severity score ≤ 2 points or Rutgeerts ≤ i1). Endoscopic relapse free survival was defined as endoscopic remission at the beginning of the study stage and maintaining endoscopic remission during the study stage.
RESULTS At week 14, low ITL [odds ratio (OR) = 0.666, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.514-0.862, P < 0.01] and high fecal calprotectin (FCP) level (OR = 1.002, 95%CI: 1.001-1.004, P < 0.01) increased the risk of endoscopic activity at week 54. At week 54, low ITL (OR = 0.466, 95%CI: 0.247-0.877, P < 0.01) and high C-reactive protein (CRP) level (OR = 1.590, 95%CI: 1.007-2.510, P < 0.01) increased the risk of endoscopic activity at week 108. At week 14, ITL ≤ 5.60 μg/mL [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.73-0.90, P < 0.001] and FCP > 238 μg/g (AUC = 0.82, 95%CI: 0.72-0.89, P < 0.001) moderately predicted endoscopic activity at week 54. ITL ≤ 5.60 μg/mL in combination with FCP > 238 μg/g indicated 82.0% possibility of endoscopic activity. At week 54, ITL ≤ 2.10 μg/mL (AUC = 0.85, 95%CI: 0.72-0.93, P < 0.001) and CRP > 3.00 mg/L (AUC = 0.73, 95%CI: 0.60-0.84, P = 0.012) moderately predicted moderate endoscopic activity at week 108. ITL ≤ 2.10 μg/mL in combination with CRP > 3.00 mg/L indicated 100.0% possibility of endoscopic activity. From weeks 14 to 54 of IFX treatment, patients with ITL > 5.60 μg/mL had higher rate of endoscopic relapse free survival than those with ITL ≤ 5.60 μg/mL (95.83% vs 46.67%). From weeks 54 to 108 of IFX treatment, patients with ITL > 2.10 μg/mL had higher rate of endoscopic survival free relapsed rate than those with ITL ≤ 2.10 μg/mL (92.68% vs 30.77%).
CONCLUSION Combination of ITL, CRP, and FCP contribute to long-term endoscopic prognosis monitoring. During IFX maintenance treatment, low ITL, high CRP level, and high FCP level were independent risk factors of CD patients with clinical remission in adverse endoscopy outcomes within 1-year follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ting Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Diseases Pathophysiology, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Diseases Pathophysiology, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Clinical Evaluation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi-Hong Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Diseases Pathophysiology, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Mao-Sheng Xu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Diseases Pathophysiology, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hui Ni
- Department of Nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
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Shimizu H, Ebana R, Kudo T, Sato T, Hara T, Hosoi K, Usami M, Yoshida M, Takeuchi I, Nakase H, Iwama I, Arai K, Shimizu T. Both fecal calprotectin and fecal immunochemical tests are useful in children with inflammatory bowel disease. J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:344-356. [PMID: 35165800 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-022-01856-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noninvasive biomarkers of intestinal inflammation can reduce the number of endoscopies in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aimed to prospectively investigate the usefulness of fecal calprotectin (FCP) and fecal immunochemical test (FIT) in pediatric IBD. METHODS Patients aged 6-17 years who underwent ileocolonoscopy for established or suspected IBD were eligible for this study. Fecal samples for FCP and FIT were collected before colonoscopy. RESULTS A total of 251 samples were analyzed: 88 from ulcerative colitis (UC), 74 from Crohn's disease (CD), 75 from healthy controls (HC), and 14 from children with functional gastrointestinal disorders and normal colonoscopy (NC). At IBD diagnosis, both FCP and FIT were significantly higher in the newly diagnosed UC/CD group than in the HC/NC group (P < 0.001). The optimal cutoffs of FCP and FIT to predict IBD diagnosis were 217 mg/kg and 87 ng/mL, respectively. Patients without mucosal healing (MH) showed higher FCP and FIT than those with MH in both UC and CD (P < 0.001). The FCP increased exponentially as the endoscopic activity score increased. The optimal cutoff values of FCP and FIT for predicting MH were 161 mg/kg and 106 ng/mL for UC and 367 mg/kg and 57 ng/mL for CD, respectively. FCP showed better specificity than the FIT. Patients with CD and normal ileocolonoscopy had elevated FCP during active small intestinal inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Both FCP and FIT correlate well with endoscopic activity in pediatric patients with IBD. The FCP is a superior marker for predicting MH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
| | - Ryo Ebana
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, 1-2 Shintoshin, Chuou-ku, Saitama, 330-8777, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kudo
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takuro Sato
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Tomoko Hara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, 1-2 Shintoshin, Chuou-ku, Saitama, 330-8777, Japan
| | - Kenji Hosoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Masaaki Usami
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Masashi Yoshida
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, 1-2 Shintoshin, Chuou-ku, Saitama, 330-8777, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takeuchi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakase
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Minami 1-jo Nishi 16-chome, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
| | - Itaru Iwama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, 1-2 Shintoshin, Chuou-ku, Saitama, 330-8777, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Arai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Center for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease, National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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30
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Farag AFA, Mostafa M, Yehia Elbarmelgi M. Calprotectin in Low anterior resection syndrome patients; a new insight into diagnosis and management: A pilot study. Arab J Gastroenterol 2022; 23:218-221. [PMID: 35477851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM Low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) has been reported to occur in up to 80% of patients after low anterior resection (LAR). This study aimed to investigate the role of fecal calprotectin in the diagnosis of LARS in patients subjected to LAR. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a pilot study conducted on a group of patients that developed LARS after LAR who presented to the colorectal unit of Cairo University Hospital from November 2019 to April 2021. Fecal calprotectin levels were measured for all 36 eligible patients with persistent symptoms of LARS and those with high levels were treated using mesalamine tablets (500 mg) twice daily for one month and then once daily for another five months. RESULTS The study participants were treated using mesalamine and re-evaluated after six months. Twenty (55.5%) of the 36 patients experienced marked improvement while 10 (27.7%) improved from major to minor LARS with decreased levels of calprotectin. Six (16.6%) patients showed no significant improvement in symptoms (high LARS score) and still had high levels of fecal calprotectin. CONCLUSION Fecal calprotectin can be a useful tool in the diagnosis and treatment planning of persistent LARS. Our study also demonstrated the efficacy of immune modulators such as mesalamine (pentasa) in treating LARS in patients who are unresponsive to conventional dietary restrictions.
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Yitik Tonkaz G, Esin IS, Turan B, Uslu H, Dursun OB. Determinants of Leaky Gut and Gut Microbiota Differences in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Their Siblings. J Autism Dev Disord 2022:10.1007/s10803-022-05540-z. [PMID: 35441922 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05540-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Leaky gut hypothesis is one of the well-known theory which tries to explain etiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Unfortunately there is still a gap of evidence to investigate the corner points of the hypothesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the determinants of leaky gut in children with ASD, their siblings and healthy controls. Intestinal microbiota was found to be similar between ASD and sibling groups. Biological markers of bacterial translocation showed a significant difference in the sibling group, whereas the marker indicating local inflammation was not different between the groups. The findings from this study did not support the role of Gut microbiota or leaky gut on the etiology of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülsüm Yitik Tonkaz
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Selçuk Esin
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahadir Turan
- Department of Autism, Mental Special Needs and Rare Disease, Turkish Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Uslu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Onur Burak Dursun
- Department of Autism, Mental Special Needs and Rare Disease, Turkish Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey.
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Paredes JM, Ripollés T, Algarra Á, Diaz R, Moreno N, Latorre P, Martínez MJ, Llopis P, López A, Moreno-Osset E. Intestinal ultrasonography and fecal calprotectin for monitoring inflammation of ileal Crohn's disease: two complementary tests. Intest Res 2022; 20:361-369. [PMID: 35279969 PMCID: PMC9344237 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2021.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Tight control of inflammation and adjustment of treatment if activity persists is the current strategy for the management of Crohn’s disease (CD). The usefulness of fecal calprotectin (FC) in isolated involvement of the small intestine in CD is controversial. To assess the usefulness of FC to determine the inflammatory activity detected by intestinal ultrasonography (IUS) in ileal CD. Methods Patients with exclusively ileal involvement CD who underwent IUS and an FC were prospectively included. Simple ultrasound index was used to determine inflammatory activity. The usual statistical tests for comparison of diagnostic techniques were used. Results One hundred and five patients were included, IUS showed inflammatory activity in 59% of patients and complications in 18.1%. FC showed a significant correlation with IUS in the weak range (Spearman coefficient r=0.502; P<0.001); the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.79 (95% confidence interval, 0.70–0.88; P<0.001). The FC value that best reflected the activity in IUS was 100 μg/g with sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of 73.0%, 71.4%, 79.3% and 63.8%, respectively. There were no differences in FC concentration between patients with or without transmural complications. The addition of serum C-reactive protein to FC did not improve the ability to assess IUS activity. Conclusions FC has a significant correlation with IUS to monitor ileal CD activity. This correlation is weak and it does not allow assessing the presence of CD complications. Both tests should be used in conjunction for tight control of ileal CD. More studies on noninvasive tests in this location are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Paredes
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Doctor Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Tomás Ripollés
- Department of Radiology, Doctor Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángela Algarra
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Doctor Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Diaz
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Doctor Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nadia Moreno
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Doctor Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Patricia Latorre
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Doctor Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Pilar Llopis
- Department of Pharmacy, Doctor Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio López
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Doctor Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Moreno-Osset
- Department of Digestive Medicine, Doctor Peset University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
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Sood A, Mahajan R, Singh A, Midha V, Mehta V. Endoscopy for assessment of mucosal healing in ulcerative colitis: time bound or response guided? Intest Res 2022; 20:297-302. [PMID: 35124950 PMCID: PMC9344249 DOI: 10.5217/ir.2021.00099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The timing of colonoscopy in patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC) lacks coherence. The published guidelines and recommendations advocate time-bound colonoscopy in patients with active UC to assess for mucosal healing. However, the practice of performing colonoscopies at fixed time frames lacks reasoning. The time to achieve mucosal healing in UC is not uniform across the patient populations and is influenced by the disease severity and efficacy and time to therapeutic response of the drugs being used. Additionally, with the availability of sensitive noninvasive inflammatory biomarkers such as fecal calprotectin, that parallel the disease activity and correlate with mucosal healing, the notion of performing colonoscopy at fixed intervals sounds unjustifiable. The authors express their view that a response-guided colonoscopy (driven by normalization of clinical symptoms and inflammatory biomarkers), rather than a time-bound colonoscopy, would be more logical, apart from being cost-effective and patient-friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Sood
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India
| | - Ramit Mahajan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India
| | - Arshdeep Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India
| | - Vandana Midha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India
| | - Varun Mehta
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, India
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Lin L, Wyness SP, Jensen R, Bird J, Norgyal T, Jensen G, Johnson LM. Comparison of Next-Generation Assays for Fecal Calprotectin vs the PhiCal Assay. Am J Clin Pathol 2022; 157:252-256. [PMID: 34390332 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqab114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the PhiCal assay (CALPRO), the first US Food and Drug Administration-approved assay for fecal calprotectin, to 4 next-generation assays. METHODS Stool samples from 50 patients were selected, and relevant clinical information was collected. Comparisons were performed using the PhiCal, fCAL turbo (BÜHLMANN), LIAISON Calprotectin (DiaSorin), QUANTA Lite Calprotectin ELISA (Inova Diagnostics), and Calprotectin Chemiluminescence ELISA (ALPCO) assays. RESULTS All 4 assays had acceptable agreement with PhiCal when qualitatively categorizing results. Within the PhiCal reportable range of 16 to 1,250 μg/g, the DiaSorin, Inova Diagnostics, and ALPCO assays had Spearman correlation coefficients of 0.98, 0.97, and 0.95 and positive biases of 17%, 20%, and 15%, respectively. The BÜHLMANN assay ran approximately 2-fold higher than the PhiCal assay but had a correlation coefficient of 0.98, with similar result categorization. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate good comparison between PhiCal and 4 next-generation assays. Laboratories performing fecal calprotectin assays may have compelling reasons to adopt next-generation fecal calprotectin testing, such as greater automation, a decreased number of replicates needed per test, and the use of stool-extraction devices. These benefits could decrease turnaround times and lower costs. Although the results of the assays correlated, they are not standardized. Laboratories adopting the newer assays will need to further investigate their performance through validation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
- ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Sara P Wyness
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gabrielle Jensen
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lisa M Johnson
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
- ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Elosua A, Rullan M, Rubio S, Oquiñena S, Rodríguez C, Macías E, Borda A, Fernández-Urién I, Nantes Ó. Does capsule endoscopy impact clinical management in established Crohn's disease? Dig Liver Dis 2022; 54:118-124. [PMID: 34518128 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Capsule endoscopy (SBCE) has developed a relevant role in patients with established Crohn's Disease (CD). However, evaluation of the impact in clinical management has been scarce. AIMS To evaluate therapeutic impact of SBCE in an 11-year real-life cohort of known CD patients. METHODS Retrospective single center study including all patients with established CD submitted to SBCE procedure from 01/01/2008 to 31/12/2019. Patency capsule was used in selected patients. Small bowel mucosal inflammation was quantified using Lewis score. Therapeutic impact was defined as a change in CD-related treatment recommended based on SBCE results. Patients were assigned to four groups regarding SBCE indication: staging, flare, post-op and remission. RESULTS From the 432 SBCE performed 87.5% were conclusive. Active disease was present in 63.7 of patients; 41.6% mild inflammation and 21.9% moderate-to-severe activity. A change of management was guided by SBCE in 51.3% of procedures: 199 (46.1%) escalation and 23 (5.3%) de-escalation, with significant changes in all groups. Escalation increased with disease activity: 57.8% in mild and 89.5% in moderate-to-severe disease. De-escalation was conducted in 13.9% procedures with mucosal healing and 1.1% with mild disease. CONCLUSION SBCE is a useful tool for guiding therapeutic management in CD patients both for treatment escalation and de-escalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Elosua
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital García Orcoyen, Calle Santa Soria 22, Estella, Navarra 31200, Spain.
| | - María Rullan
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital García Orcoyen, Calle Santa Soria 22, Estella, Navarra 31200, Spain
| | - Saioa Rubio
- Gastroenterology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Calle Irunlarrea 3, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Susana Oquiñena
- Gastroenterology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Calle Irunlarrea 3, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez
- Gastroenterology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Calle Irunlarrea 3, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Elena Macías
- Gastroenterology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Calle Irunlarrea 3, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Ana Borda
- Gastroenterology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Calle Irunlarrea 3, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Ignacio Fernández-Urién
- Gastroenterology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Calle Irunlarrea 3, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Óscar Nantes
- Gastroenterology Department, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Calle Irunlarrea 3, Pamplona 31008, Spain
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Hor JW, Lim SY, Khor ES, Chong KK, Song SL, Ibrahim NM, Teh CSJ, Chong CW, Hilmi IN, Tan AH. Fecal Calprotectin in Parkinson's Disease and Multiple System Atrophy. J Mov Disord 2021; 15:106-114. [PMID: 34937162 PMCID: PMC9171316 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.21085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Converging evidence suggests that intestinal inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies on fecal calprotectin in Parkinson’s disease (PD) were limited by small sample sizes, and literature regarding intestinal inflammation in multiple system atrophy (MSA) is very scarce. We investigated the levels of fecal calprotectin, a marker of intestinal inflammation, in PD and MSA. Methods We recruited 169 subjects (71 PD, 38 MSA, and 60 age-similar nonneurological controls). Clinico-demographic data were collected. PD and MSA were subtyped and the severity assessed using the MDS-UPDRS and UMSARS, respectively. Fecal calprotectin and blood immune markers were analyzed. Results Compared to controls (median: 35.7 [IQR: 114.2] μg/g), fecal calprotectin was significantly elevated in PD (median: 95.6 [IQR: 162.1] μg/g, p = 0.003) and even higher in MSA (median: 129.5 [IQR: 373.8] μg/g, p = 0.002). A significant interaction effect with age was observed; between-group differences were significant only in older subjects (i.e., ≥ 61 years) and became more apparent with increasing age. A total of 28.9% of MSA and 18.3% of PD patients had highly abnormal fecal calprotectin levels (≥ 250 μg/g); however, this difference was only significant for MSA compared to controls. Fecal calprotectin correlated moderately with selected blood immune markers in PD, but not with clinical features of PD or MSA. Conclusions Elevated fecal calprotectin suggests a role for intestinal inflammation in PD and MSA. A more complete understanding of gut immune alterations could open up new avenues of research and treatment for these debilitating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wei Hor
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,The Mah Pooi Soo & Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shen-Yang Lim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,The Mah Pooi Soo & Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eng Soon Khor
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kah Kian Chong
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sze Looi Song
- Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim
- Neurology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cindy Shuan Ju Teh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chun Wie Chong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ida Normiha Hilmi
- Division Gasteroenterology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ai Huey Tan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,The Mah Pooi Soo & Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Veyre F, Boschetti G, Meunier C, Cuerq C, Gay C, Charlois AL, Duclaux-Loras R, Danion P, Cotte E, Kepenekian V, Mialon A, Faure M, Roblin X, Flourie B, Nancey S. Low Levels of Fecal Calprotectin 3 Months After Surgery Predict Subsequent Endoscopic Postoperative Remission in Crohn's Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:4429-4435. [PMID: 33387123 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06751-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS In Crohn's disease (CD) few data are available on the usefulness of monitoring fecal calprotectin (FC) in the early postoperative setting. We assessed prospectively the accuracy of FC measured 3 months after surgery to predict the risk of endoscopic postoperative recurrence (POR) within 1 year after resection. METHODS In 55 consecutive CD patients who had undergone ileocolonic resection samples were collected 3 months after surgery for measuring serum CRP and FC. Endoscopic POR was assessed by ileocolonoscopy within 6-12 months (median 7 months). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to assess accuracy of the markers, to determine the best threshold and to calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values. RESULTS In contrast with median CRP levels, median FC concentrations measured 3 months after surgery were significantly higher in patients who later experienced endoscopic POR (Rutgeerts ≥ i2) compared with those who stayed in endoscopic remission within the following 6-12 months (205 μg/g IQR [106-721] vs. 103 μg/g IQR [60-219], p = 0.008). Area under the ROC curve for FC was 0.71. The best cutoff value of FC to identify patients in subsequent endoscopic remission 3 months after surgery was 65 μg/g (96% sensitivity, 31% specificity, 50% positive and 91% negative predictive values). In multivariate analysis, FC < 65 µg/g at 3 months was the only factor associated with subsequent endoscopic remission. CONCLUSION FC measured 3 months after surgery below 65 μg/g is an accurate marker to identify CD patients who will later stay in endoscopic remission within 1 year after resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Veyre
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon-Sud University Hospital, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69495, Pierre Benite, France
| | - Gilles Boschetti
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon-Sud University Hospital, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69495, Pierre Benite, France
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM, Montpellier, France
| | - Camille Meunier
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon-Sud University Hospital, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69495, Pierre Benite, France
| | - Charlotte Cuerq
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon-Sud University Hospital, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Claire Gay
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon-Sud University Hospital, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69495, Pierre Benite, France
| | - Anne-Laure Charlois
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon-Sud University Hospital, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69495, Pierre Benite, France
| | - Remi Duclaux-Loras
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon-Sud University Hospital, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69495, Pierre Benite, France
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM, Montpellier, France
| | - Pauline Danion
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon-Sud University Hospital, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69495, Pierre Benite, France
| | - Eddy Cotte
- Department of Surgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon-Sud University Hospital, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Vahan Kepenekian
- Department of Surgery, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon-Sud University Hospital, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Anne Mialon
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon-Sud University Hospital, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Mathias Faure
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM, Montpellier, France
| | - Xavier Roblin
- Department of Gastroenterology, EA-30 64, Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP), Faculty of Medicine of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne University Hospital, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Bernard Flourie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon-Sud University Hospital, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69495, Pierre Benite, France
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphane Nancey
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon-Sud University Hospital, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69495, Pierre Benite, France.
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France.
- Equipe Labellisée par la Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, FRM, Montpellier, France.
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Fujita Y, Tominaga K, Tanaka T, Sugaya T, Yoshihara S. Ulcerative colitis relapse after Helicobacter pylori eradication in a 12-year-old boy with duodenal ulcer. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:424. [PMID: 34758726 PMCID: PMC8579552 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-02010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) prevalence is lower in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) than in those without IBD, suggesting that H. pylori plays a protective role in IBD. It has been reported that IBD may occur due to H. pylori eradication; however, it is unclear whether H. pylori eradication increases the incidence of IBD. Moreover, the effect of H. pylori eradication on IBD activity is unclear. Case presentation An 11-year-old boy diagnosed with ulcerative colitis (UC) was in clinical remission, with treatment involving 5-aminosalicylic acid. Fecal calprotectin (FC) level had decreased to 33.2 mg/kg, indicating mucosal healing. At age 12, he experienced epigastric pain on an empty stomach, which was relieved with dietary intake. His FC level was elevated without UC symptoms, such as diarrhea and bloody stools. He was diagnosed with H. pylori duodenal ulcer. H. pylori eradication (clarithromycin and amoxicillin for 7 days and a proton-pump inhibitor) led to symptom improvement the day after treatment initiation. However, he developed diarrhea and his FC level remained high despite improvement in duodenal ulcer symptoms and endoscopic findings of H. pylori eradication. Colonoscopy results indicated UC relapse. Conclusions H. pylori eradication may worsen UC activity. However, further studies are required as this case report involved only one pediatric patient with increased UC activity after H. pylori eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Fujita
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan.
| | - Keiichi Tominaga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takanao Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sugaya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shigemi Yoshihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Dokkyo Medical University, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu, Shimotsuga, Tochigi, 321-0293, Japan
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Jo HH, Kim EY, Jung JT, Kwon JG, Kim ES, Lee HS, Lee YJ, Kim KO, Jang BI. Value of Fecal Calprotectin Measurement During the Initial Period of Therapeutic Anti-Tubercular Trial. Clin Endosc 2021; 55:256-262. [PMID: 34736314 PMCID: PMC8996000 DOI: 10.5946/ce.2021.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims The diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) is often challenging. Therapeutic anti-tubercular trial (TATT) is sometimes used for the diagnosis of ITB. We aimed to evaluate the changing pattern of fecal calprotectin (FC) levels during TATT in patients with ITB.
Methods A retrospective review was performed on the data of 39 patients who underwent TATT between September 2015 and November 2018 in five university hospitals in Daegu, South Korea. The analysis was performed for 33 patients with serial FC measurement reports.
Results The mean age of the participants was 48.8 years. The final diagnosis of ITB was confirmed in 30 patients based on complete mucosal healing on follow-up colonoscopy performed after 2 months of TATT. Before starting TATT, the mean FC level of the ITB patients was 170.2 μg/g (range, 11.5-646.5). It dropped to 25.4 μg/g (range, 11.5-75.3) and then 23.3 μg/g (range, 11.5-172.2) after one and two months of TATT, respectively. The difference in mean FC before and one month after TATT was statistically significant (p<0.001), and FC levels decreased to below 100 μg/g in all patients after one month of TATT.
Conclusions All ITB patients showed FC decline after only 1 month of TATT, and this finding correlated with complete mucosal healing in the follow-up colonoscopy after 2 months of TATT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong Ho Jo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eun Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jin Tae Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Joong Goo Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eun Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyun Seok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yoo Jin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyeong Ok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Byung Ik Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Xiang BJ, Jiang M, Sun MJ, Dai C. Optimal Range of Fecal Calprotectin for Predicting Mucosal Healing in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Visc Med 2021; 37:338-348. [PMID: 34722717 DOI: 10.1159/000514196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Fecal calprotectin (FC) is a promising marker for assessment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) activity. However, the utility of FC for predicting mucosal healing (MH) of IBD patients has yet to be clearly demonstrated. The objective of our study was to perform a meta-analysis evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of FC in predicting MH of IBD patients. Methods We systematically searched the databases for studies from inception to April 2020 that evaluated MH in IBD. The methodological quality of each study was assessed according to the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies checklist. The extracted data were pooled using a summary receiver operating characteristic curve model. Random-effects model was used to summarize the diagnostic odds ratio, sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, and negative likelihood ratio. Results Sixteen studies comprising 1,682 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and 4 studies comprising 221 Crohn's disease (CD) patients were included. The best performance of FC for predicting MH in UC was at cut-off range of 60-75 μg/g with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.88 and pooled sensitivity and specificity of 0.87 and 0.79, respectively. The pooled sensitivity and specificity values of cutoff range 180-250 μg/g for predicting MH in CD were 0.67 and 0.76, respectively. The AUC of 0.79 also revealed improved discrimination for identifying MH in CD with FC concentration. Conclusion Our meta-analysis has found that FC is a simple, reliable noninvasive marker for predicting MH in IBD patients. FC cutoff range 60-75 μg/g appears to have the best overall accuracy in UC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Jie Xiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming-Jun Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cong Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Miler M, Nikolac Gabaj N, Ćelap I, Grazio S, Tomašić V, Bišćanin A, Mitrović J, Đerek L, Morović-Vergles J, Vrkić N, Štefanović M. Association of polymorphisms in promoter region of TNF-α -238 and -308 with clinical outcomes in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases on anti-TNF therapy. Rheumatol Int 2021; 41:2195-203. [PMID: 34623480 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-021-05016-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis of the study was that polymorphisms in promoter regions -238 and -308 of TNF-α could be associated with different clinical outcomes in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and immune-mediated rheumatic diseases (IMRD). The aim was to examine the possible association of both polymorphisms with concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) and fecal calprotectin (fCAL), onset of the remission and development of the ADA in patients on therapy with anti-TNF inhibitors. The prospective study was done in patients with IBD and IMRD on infliximab (IFX) or adalimumab (ADM). Patients were genotyped for TNF-α -238 and -308 polymorphisms. The concentration of CRP, fCAL, IFX or ADM and antibodies to drugs were measured according to manufacturer's instructions and followed-up for 6 or 12 months. Out of all patients (N = 112), number of patients in remission did not differ according to genotypes (for IBD patients P = 0.509 vs 0.223; for IMRD patients P = 0.541 vs 0.132 for TNF-α -238 and -308, respectively). Initial CRP concentration was higher in IBD patients with TNF-α -308 GG than GA/AA genotypes in patients who failed to achieve remission [11.8 (4.4-39.6) vs 3.1 (1.5-6.5), P = 0.033]. In IBD patients with remission, fCAL concentration after at least 6 months of therapy was higher in TNF-α-308 GG than in GA genotype [52 (25-552) vs 20 (20-20) µg/g, P = 0.041]. Our results showed the association of TNF-α -308 GG genotype with a higher concentration of CRP and fecal calprotectin in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases on IFX or ADM therapy. Clinical remission and development of antibodies to anti-TNF drugs were not associated with TNF-α -238 and -308 polymorphisms.
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Jung ES, Lee SP, Kae SH, Kim JH, Kim HS, Jang HJ. Diagnostic Accuracy of Fecal Calprotectin for the Detection of Small Bowel Crohn's Disease through Capsule Endoscopy: An Updated Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Gut Liver 2021; 15:732-741. [PMID: 33361549 PMCID: PMC8444097 DOI: 10.5009/gnl20249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims The diagnosis of small bowel Crohn's disease with negative ileocolonoscopic findings has been challenging. Fecal calprotectin (FC) has been used to detect colonic inflammation, but its efficacy for detecting small bowel inflammation is less established. We performed an updated meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of FC to detect active small bowel inflammation observed during capsule endoscopy. Methods We conducted a systematic literature search for studies that evaluated the correlation between small bowel inflammation and FC in patients with suspected/established Crohn's disease. We calculated the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) and constructed hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic curves for FC cutoffs of 50, 100, and 200 μg/g. Results Fourteen studies were eligible for the final analysis. The DORs of all FC cutoffs were significant. The highest DOR was observed at 100 μg/g (sensitivity, 0.73; specificity, 0.73; and DOR, 7.89) and was suggested as the optimal diagnostic cutoff. If we analyzed only studies that included patients with suspected Crohn's disease, the DOR was 8.96. If we analyzed only studies that included patients with a Lewis score ≥135 as a diagnostic criterion for active disease, the DOR was 10.90. Conclusions FC has significant diagnostic accuracy for detecting small bowel inflammation, and an FC cutoff of 100 μg/g can be used as a tool to screen for small bowel Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Suk Jung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Sang Pyo Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Sea Hyub Kae
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea
| | - Jung Han Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeong Su Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Joo Jang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong, Korea
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Moorman EL, Farrell M, Santucci N, Denson L, Le C, Cunningham NR. Elevated fecal calprotectin is linked to psychosocial complexity in pediatric functional abdominal pain disorders. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:360. [PMID: 34526124 PMCID: PMC8444596 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05776-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Children with functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPD) and clinical elevations in three risk areas (anxiety, functional disability, and pain) have been found to be at increased risk for persistent disability. We evaluated if the presence of these three risk factors corresponded with greater gastrointestinal inflammation (measured via fecal calprotectin; FC) compared to those with no risk factors. FC concentration differences between children with three risk factors and those with one and two risk factors were explored. Results Fifty-six children with FAPD (Mage = 12.23) completed measures of anxiety (Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders), disability (Functional Disability Inventory), and pain intensity (Numeric Rating Scale). Participants were stratified into risk groups (range: 0–3). Fisher’s exact tests were conducted to determine if children with three versus fewer risk factors were more likely to have elevated FC (≥ 50 µg/g) versus normal levels. Children with three risk factors (MFC = 86.04) were more likely to have elevated FC compared to children with zero (MFC = 25.78), one (MFC = 38.59), and two risk factors (MFC = 45.06; p’s < 0.05). Those with three risk factors had borderline elevated FC concentrations whereas those with fewer had normal FC concentrations. Findings suggest the importance of a biopsychosocial approach to help elucidate a FAPD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Moorman
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100165, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0165, USA.
| | - Michael Farrell
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Neha Santucci
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Lee Denson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christine Le
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Ercalik C, Baskaya MC, Ozdem S, Butun B. Investigation of asymptomatic intestinal inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis by fecal calprotectin. Arab J Gastroenterol 2021; 22:272-277. [PMID: 34531137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2021.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of intestinal inflammation in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) by assessing fecal calprotectin (FC) levels and comparing them with those in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and non-inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Our secondary aim was to correlate FC levels with antirheumatic treatment, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) usage, and disease activity measures. PATIENTS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included 97 patients with AS fulfilling the modified New York criteria, 48 patients with RA fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology criteria, and 49 patients with non-inflammatory rheumatic diseases. All patients were questioned about intestinal complaints, and symptomatic patients were excluded. Disease activity was measured in the AS and RA patient groups. RESULTS The AS group had a significantly higher FC test positivity rate than the RA group (p = 0.016). Furthermore, the AS group had FC levels that were negatively correlated with disease duration (p = 0.04). FC levels were not correlated with any disease activity index, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, uveitis, or peripheral arthritis. Patients with AS who used NSAIDs had significantly higher FC levels than nonusers (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that 11% of patients with AS without intestinal complaints had elevated FC levels. FC levels were not correlated with disease activity in AS. Subclinical intestinal inflammation was higher in the early stages of AS. The AS group had a significantly higher FC test positivity than the RA group. In the AS group, NSAID users had significantly higher FC levels than nonusers; thus, no statistically significant difference was observed between biological agent users and nonusers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Ercalik
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cetin Baskaya
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Sebahat Ozdem
- Department of Biochemistry, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Bulent Butun
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
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Pérez de Arce E, Quera R, Quigley EMM. The Dilemma of Persistent Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptoms in Patients with Quiescent Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2021; 50:689-711. [PMID: 34304795 DOI: 10.1016/j.gtc.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease differ in their natural evolution, etiopathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic approach. However, recent evidence has suggested some similarities in mechanisms underlying symptom development and progression. There is a relevant role for alterations in the microbiome-brain-gut axis in both diseases. The presence of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms in patients with quiescent inflammatory bowel disease is common in clinical practice. To determine the cause of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms in patients with quiescent inflammatory bowel disease is a clinical challenge. This review aims to illustrate possible causes and solutions for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Pérez de Arce
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Dr. Carlos Lorca Tobar 999, Independencia, Región Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Quera
- Division of Gastroenterology, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Program, Clínica Universidad de los Andes, Estoril 450, Las Condes, Región Metropolitana, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eamonn M M Quigley
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lynda K and David M Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, USA.
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Ueno N, Sugiyama Y, Kobayashi Y, Murakami Y, Iwama T, Sasaki T, Kunogi T, Takahashi K, Tanaka K, Ando K, Kashima S, Inaba Y, Moriichi K, Tanabe H, Taruishi M, Saitoh Y, Okumura T, Fujiya M. Fecal calprotectin is a useful biomarker for predicting the clinical outcome of granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive apheresis in ulcerative colitis patients: a prospective observation study. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:316. [PMID: 34362299 PMCID: PMC8348877 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01889-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive apheresis (GMA) is widely used as a remission induction therapy for active ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. However, there are no available biomarkers for predicting the clinical outcome of GMA. We investigated the utility of Fecal calprotectin (FC) as a biomarker for predicting the clinical outcome during GMA therapy in active UC patients. Methods In this multicenter prospective observation study, all patients received 10 sessions of GMA, twice a week, for 5 consecutive weeks. FC was measured at entry, one week, two weeks, and at the end of GMA. Colonoscopy was performed at entry and after GMA. The clinical activity was assessed based on the partial Mayo score when FC was measured. Clinical remission (CR) was defined as a partial Mayo score of ≤ 2 and endoscopic remission (ER) was defined as Mayo endoscopic subscore of either 0 or 1. We analyzed the relationships between the clinical outcome (CR and ER) and the change in FC concentration. Result Twenty-six patients were included in this study. The overall CR and ER rates were 50.0% and 19.2%, respectively. After GMA, the median FC concentration in patients with ER was significantly lower than that in patients without ER (469 mg/kg vs. 3107 mg/kg, p = 0.03). When the cut-off value of FC concentration was set at 1150 mg/kg for assessing ER after GMA, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.8 and 0.81, respectively. The FC concentration had significantly decreased by one week. An ROC analysis demonstrated that the reduction rate of FC (ΔFC) at 1 week was the most accurate predictor of CR at the end of GMA (AUC = 0.852, P = 0.002). When the cut-off value of ΔFC was set at ≤ 40% at 1 week for predicting CR at the end of GMA, the sensitivity and specificity were 76.9% and 84.6%, respectively. Conclusion We evaluated the utility of FC as a biomarker for assessing ER after GMA and predicting CR in the early phase during GMA in patients with active UC. Our findings will benefit patients with active UC by allowing them to avoid unnecessary invasive procedures and will help establish new strategies for GMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Ueno
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan.
| | - Yuya Sugiyama
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yu Kobayashi
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Murakami
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Takuya Iwama
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sasaki
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Takehito Kunogi
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Keitaro Takahashi
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Tanaka
- Asahikawa Kosei General Hospital, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Katsuyoshi Ando
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Shin Kashima
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yuhei Inaba
- Asahikawa City Hospital, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kentaro Moriichi
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanabe
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | | | | | - Toshikatsu Okumura
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Fujiya
- Division of Metabolism and Biosystemic Science, Gastroenterology, and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Midorigaoka-Higashi 2-1-1-1, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
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Al Khoury A, Xiao Y, Golovics PA, Kohen R, Afif W, Wild G, Friedman G, Galiatsatos P, Hilzenrat N, Szilagyi A, Wyse J, Cohen A, Bitton A, Bessissow T, Lakatos PL. Assessing adherence to objective disease monitoring and outcomes with adalimumab in a real-world IBD cohort. Dig Liver Dis 2021; 53:980-6. [PMID: 33640302 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data suggests that tight objective monitoring may improve clinical outcomes in IBD. AIM To assess the adherence to serial tight objective monitoring(clinical and biomarkers) and its effect on clinical outcomes. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the chart of 428 consecutive IBD patients started on adalimumab between January 1,2015-January 1,2019 [338 Crohn's disease(CD), 90 ulcerative colitis(UC)]. Clinical symptoms(assessed by Harvey-Bradshaw-Index,partial Mayo),C-Reactive Protein(CRP), and fecal calprotectin(FCAL) assessments were captured at treatment initiation and at 3,6,9, and12 months. Dose optimization and drug sustainability curves were plotted by Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS Clinical evaluation was available in nearly all patients at 3(CD-UC:95-94%), 6(90-83%), 9(86-85%) and 12(96-89%) months. CRP testing frequency decreased in CD patients over time. Compliance to serial FCAL testing was low. Clinical remission at one-year was higher in patients adherent to early assessment visit at 3 months(p = 0.001 for CD and UC). Adherence to early follow-up resulted in earlier dose optimization in CD and UC patients(pLogrank=0.026 for UC & p = 0.09 for CD). Overall drug sustainability did not differ. CONCLUSION Clinical & CRP, but not FCAL, were frequently assessed in patients starting adalimumab. Adherence to early objective combined follow-up visits resulted in earlier dose optimization, improved one-year clinical outcomes but did not change drug sustainability.
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Zerbato V, Di Bella S, Giuffrè M, Jaracz AW, Gobbo Y, Luppino D, Macor P, Segat L, Koncan R, D'Agaro P, Valentini M, Crocé LS, Ruscio M, Luzzati R. High fecal calprotectin levels are associated with SARS-CoV-2 intestinal shedding in COVID-19 patients: A proof-of-concept study. World J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:3130-3137. [PMID: 34168414 PMCID: PMC8192288 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i22.3130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One third of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have gastrointestinal symptoms. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA has been detected in stool samples of approximately 50% of COVID-19 individuals. Fecal calprotectin is a marker of gastrointestinal inflammation in the general population. AIM To investigate if fecal calprotectin correlates with SARS-CoV-2 intestinal shedding in COVID-19 patients with pneumonia. METHODS Patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia admitted to the Infectious Disease Unit (University Hospital of Trieste, Italy) from September to November 2020 were consecutively enrolled in the study. Fecal samples were collected and analyzed for quantification of fecal calprotectin (normal value < 50 mg/kg) and SARS-CoV-2 RNA presence by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Inter-group differences were determined between patients with and without diarrhea and patients with and without detection of fecal SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS We enrolled 51 adults (40 males) with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Ten patients (20%) presented with diarrhea. Real-time-PCR of SARS-CoV-2 in stools was positive in 39 patients (76%), in all patients with diarrhea (100%) and in more than two thirds (29/41, 71%) of patients without diarrhea. Obesity was one of the most common comorbidities (13 patients, 25%); all obese patients (100%) (P = 0.021) tested positive for fecal SARS-CoV-2. Median fecal calprotectin levels were 60 mg/kg [interquartile range (IQR) 21; 108]; higher fecal calprotectin levels were found in the group with SARS-CoV-2 in stools (74 mg/kg, IQR 29; 132.5) compared to the group without SARS-CoV-2 (39 mg/kg, IQR 14; 71) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION High fecal calprotectin levels among COVID-19 patients correlate with SARS-CoV-2 detection in stools supporting the hypothesis that this virus can lead to bowel inflammation and potentially to the 'leaky gut' syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Zerbato
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), Trieste 34125, Italy
| | - Stefano Di Bella
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Trieste University, Trieste 34123, Italy
| | - Mauro Giuffrè
- Liver Unit, Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Trieste University, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | | | - Ylenia Gobbo
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), Trieste 34125, Italy
| | - Diego Luppino
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), Trieste 34125, Italy
| | - Paolo Macor
- Department of Life Sciences, Trieste University, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Ludovica Segat
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health Unit, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), Trieste 34125, Italy
| | - Raffaella Koncan
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health Unit, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), Trieste 34125, Italy
| | - Pierlanfranco D'Agaro
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health Unit, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), Trieste 34125, Italy
| | - Michael Valentini
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), Trieste 34125, Italy
| | - Lory Saveria Crocé
- Liver Unit, Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Trieste University, Trieste 34127, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ruscio
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Trieste University Hospital (ASUGI), Trieste 34125, Italy
| | - Roberto Luzzati
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Clinical Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Trieste University, Trieste 34123, Italy
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Sakuraba A, Nemoto N, Hibi N, Ozaki R, Tokunaga S, Kikuchi O, Minowa S, Mitsui T, Miura M, Saito D, Hayashida M, Miyoshi J, Matsuura M, Yoneyama M, Ohnishi H, Hisamatsu T. Extent of disease affects the usefulness of fecal biomarkers in ulcerative colitis. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:197. [PMID: 33933033 PMCID: PMC8088576 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fecal biomarkers are considered to be useful surrogate markers for endoscopic activity. Given the mechanisms of fecal biomarkers, we hypothesized that the extent of ulcerative colitis (UC; pancolitis, left-sided colitis, and proctitis) could affect the usefulness of fecal biomarkers for assessing endoscopic and clinical disease activity; however, few studies have evaluated the utility of fecal biomarkers in the disease extent of UC. METHODS Fecal calprotectin, a fecal immunochemical test for hemoglobin, and fecal lactoferrin were used as fecal biomarkers. UC patients, who underwent colonoscopy within 30 days of the fecal biomarker test, participated in this observational study. Clinical and endoscopic disease activity was assessed using the Lichtiger Index and Mayo endoscopic subscore (MES), respectively. RESULTS A total of 162 colonoscopies were performed on 133 UC patients. A correlation analysis between each biomarker and the MES for each disease-extent subgroup showed a decreased correlation in the proctitis compared with the other groups. With the exception of proctitis, it was possible to distinguish between MES 0 and MES ≥ 1 with high area-under-the-curve values for fecal calprotectin and fecal lactoferrin. The fecal immunochemical test for hemoglobin was superior at discriminating MES 0 for proctitis. CONCLUSIONS For the practical application of fecal biomarkers for UC patients, it is necessary to consider disease extent before use. In particular, patients with proctitis exhibit a low correlation between stool biomarkers and endoscopic findings. The usefulness of these biomarkers for endoscopic remission is reduced, except for the fecal immunochemical test for hemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihito Sakuraba
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Nobuki Nemoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Noritaka Hibi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Ryo Ozaki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Sotaro Tokunaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Oki Kikuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Shintaro Minowa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mitsui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Miki Miura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Daisuke Saito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Mari Hayashida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Jun Miyoshi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Minoru Matsuura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Yoneyama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kyorin University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ohnishi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadakazu Hisamatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, 6-20-2 Shinkawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan.
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Koutra E, Lusmöller E, Stadler R. [Calprotectin-a key for diagnosing chronic inflammatory bowel disease in inflammatory dermatoses? : Three case reports]. Hautarzt 2021; 73:303-307. [PMID: 33884437 DOI: 10.1007/s00105-021-04821-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on three patients with inflammatory dermatoses as a result of a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The diagnosis of IBD was based on the initial determination of the fecal calprotectin value. Although the patients did not report any intestinal complaints, the increased calprotectin value in the stool was the reason for further gastroenterological evaluation. This article highlights the importance of determining the fecal calprotectin value as another parameter in the diagnosis of inflammatory dermatoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Koutra
- Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie, Allergologie und Phlebologie, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Hans-Nolte-Str. 1, 32429, Minden, Deutschland.
| | - E Lusmöller
- Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie, Allergologie und Phlebologie, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Hans-Nolte-Str. 1, 32429, Minden, Deutschland
| | - R Stadler
- Universitätsklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie, Allergologie und Phlebologie, Johannes Wesling Klinikum, Hans-Nolte-Str. 1, 32429, Minden, Deutschland
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