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Kurskaya OG, Prokopyeva EA, Sobolev IA, Solomatina MV, Saroyan TA, Dubovitskiy NA, Derko AA, Nokhova AR, Anoshina AV, Leonova NV, Simkina OA, Komissarova TV, Shestopalov AM, Sharshov KA. Changes in the Etiology of Acute Respiratory Infections among Children in Novosibirsk, Russia, between 2019 and 2022: The Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:934. [PMID: 37112913 PMCID: PMC10141072 DOI: 10.3390/v15040934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A wide range of human respiratory viruses are known that may cause acute respiratory infections (ARIs), such as influenza A and B viruses (HIFV), respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), coronavirus (HCoV), parainfluenza virus (HPIV), metapneumovirus (HMPV), rhinovirus (HRV), adenovirus (HAdV), bocavirus (HBoV), and others. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the COronaVIrus Disease (COVID) that lead to pandemic in 2019 and significantly impacted on the circulation of ARIs. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in the epidemic patterns of common respiratory viruses among children and adolescents hospitalized with ARIs in hospitals in Novosibirsk, Russia, from November 2019 to April 2022. During 2019 and 2022, nasal and throat swabs were taken from a total of 3190 hospitalized patients 0-17 years old for testing for HIFV, HRSV, HCoV, HPIV, HMPV, HRV, HAdV, HBoV, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by real-time PCR. The SARS-CoV-2 virus dramatically influenced the etiology of acute respiratory infections among children and adolescents between 2019 and 2022. We observed dramatic changes in the prevalence of major respiratory viruses over three epidemic research seasons: HIFV, HRSV, and HPIV mainly circulated in 2019-2020; HMPV, HRV, and HCoV dominated in 2020-2021; and HRSV, SARS-CoV-2, HIFV, and HRV were the most numerous agents in 2021-2022. Interesting to note was the absence of HIFV and a significant reduction in HRSV during the 2020-2021 period, while HMPV was absent and there was a significant reduction of HCoV during the following epidemic period in 2021-2022. Viral co-infection was significantly more frequently detected in the 2020-2021 period compared with the other two epidemic seasons. Certain respiratory viruses, HCoV, HPIV, HBoV, HRV, and HAdV, were registered most often in co-infections. This cohort study has revealed that during the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods, there were dramatic fluctuations in common respiratory viruses registered among hospitalized patients 0-17 years old. The most dominant virus in each research period differed: HIFV in 2019-2020, HMPV in 2020-2021, and HRSV in 2021-2022. Virus-virus interaction was found to be possible between SARS-CoV-2 and HRV, HRSV, HAdV, HMPV, and HPIV. An increase in the incidence of COVID-19 was noted only during the third epidemic season (January to March 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga G. Kurskaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia
| | - Elena A. Prokopyeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia
| | - Ivan A. Sobolev
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia
| | - Mariya V. Solomatina
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia
| | - Tereza A. Saroyan
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia
| | - Nikita A. Dubovitskiy
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia
| | - Anastasiya A. Derko
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia
| | - Alina R. Nokhova
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia
| | - Angelika V. Anoshina
- Department of Children’s Diseases, Novosibirsk Children’s Municipal Clinical Hospital No 6, Novosibirsk 630015, Russia
| | - Natalya V. Leonova
- Department of Children’s Diseases, Novosibirsk Children’s Municipal Clinical Hospital No 6, Novosibirsk 630015, Russia
| | - Olga A. Simkina
- Department of Children’s Diseases, Novosibirsk Children’s Municipal Clinical Hospital No 3, Novosibirsk 630040, Russia
| | - Tatyana V. Komissarova
- Department of Children’s Diseases, Novosibirsk Children’s Municipal Clinical Hospital No 3, Novosibirsk 630040, Russia
| | - Alexander M. Shestopalov
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia
| | - Kirill A. Sharshov
- Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Biodiversity of Viruses, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Novosibirsk 630060, Russia
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Choi SH, Huh JW, Hong SB, Jung J, Kim MJ, Chong YP, Kim SH, Sung H, Chae EJ, Do KH, Lee SO, Lim CM, Kim YS, Woo JH, Koh Y. Severe Human Bocavirus-Associated Pneumonia in Adults at a Referral Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:226-228. [PMID: 33350914 PMCID: PMC7774574 DOI: 10.3201/eid2701.202061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a case series of severe human bocavirus–associated pneumonia in adults in Seoul, South Korea. The virus accounted for 0.5% of all severe pneumonia cases. Structural lung disease and hematologic malignancy were common underlying diseases. Overall death rate was 54.5%. Higher death rates were associated with co-infection (83.3%) and immunocompromise (80.0%).
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Chaves A, Ibarra-Cerdeña CN, López-Pérez AM, Monge O, Avendaño R, Ureña-Saborio H, Chavarría M, Zaldaña K, Sánchez L, Ortíz-Malavassi E, Suzan G, Foley J, Gutiérrez-Espeleta GA. Bocaparvovirus, Erythroparvovirus and Tetraparvovirus in New World Primates from Central America. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67:377-387. [PMID: 31529612 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parvoviruses in the genera Bocaparvovirus (HBoV), Erythroparvovirus (B19) and Tetraparvovirus (PARV4) are the only autonomous parvoviruses known to be associated with human and non-human primates based on studies and clinical cases in humans worldwide and non-human primates in Asia and Africa. Here, the presence of these agents with pathogenic potential was assessed by PCR in blood and faeces from 55 howler monkeys, 112 white-face monkeys, 3 squirrel monkeys and 127 spider monkeys in Costa Rica and El Salvador. Overall, 3.7% (11/297) of the monkeys had HboV DNA, 0.67% (2/297) had B19 DNA, and 14.1% (42/297) had PARV4 DNA, representing the first detection of these viruses in New World Primates (NWP). Sex was significantly associated with the presence of HBoV, males having greater risk up to nine times compared with females. Captivity was associated with increased prevalence for PARV4 and when all viruses were analysed together. This study provides compelling molecular evidence of parvoviruses in NWPs and underscores the importance of future research aimed at understanding how these viruses behave in natural environments of the Neotropics and what variables may favour their presence and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Chaves
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Carlos N Ibarra-Cerdeña
- Departamento de Ecología Humana, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (Cinvestav), Unidad Mérida, Mérida, México
| | - Andrés M López-Pérez
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.,Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México D.F, México
| | - Otto Monge
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Roberto Avendaño
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Hilary Ureña-Saborio
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Max Chavarría
- Centro Nacional de Innovaciones Biotecnológicas (CENIBiot), CeNAT-CONARE, San José, Costa Rica.,Escuela de Química & CIPRONA, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Karla Zaldaña
- Asociación Territorios Vivos El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Lucía Sánchez
- Asociación Territorios Vivos El Salvador, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Edgar Ortíz-Malavassi
- Escuela de Ingienería Forestal, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Gerardo Suzan
- Departamento de Etología, Fauna Silvestre y Animales de Laboratorio, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, México D.F, México
| | - Janet Foley
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Mietzsch M, Kailasan S, Garrison J, Ilyas M, Chipman P, Kantola K, Janssen ME, Spear J, Sousa D, McKenna R, Brown K, Söderlund-Venermo M, Baker T, Agbandje-McKenna M. Structural Insights into Human Bocaparvoviruses. J Virol 2017; 91:e00261-17. [PMID: 28331084 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00261-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bocaparvoviruses are emerging pathogens of the Parvoviridae family. Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) causes severe respiratory infections and HBoV2 to HBoV4 cause gastrointestinal infections in young children. Recent reports of life-threatening cases, lack of direct treatment or vaccination, and a limited understanding of their disease mechanisms highlight the need to study these pathogens on a molecular and structural level for the development of therapeutics. Toward this end, the capsid structures of HBoV1, HBoV3, and HBoV4 were determined to a resolution of 2.8 to 3.0 Å by cryo-electron microscopy and three-dimensional image reconstruction. The bocaparvovirus capsids, which display different tissue tropisms, have features in common with other parvoviruses, such as depressions at the icosahedral 2-fold symmetry axis and surrounding the 5-fold symmetry axis, protrusions surrounding the 3-fold symmetry axis, and a channel at the 5-fold symmetry axis. However, unlike other parvoviruses, densities extending the 5-fold channel into the capsid interior are conserved among the bocaparvoviruses and are suggestive of a genus-specific function. Additionally, their major viral protein 3 contains loops with variable regions at their apexes conferring capsid surface topologies different from those of other parvoviruses. Structural comparisons at the strain (HBoV) and genus (bovine parvovirus and HBoV) levels identified differences in surface loops that are functionally important in host/tissue tropism, pathogenicity, and antigenicity in other parvoviruses and likely play similar roles in these viruses. This study thus provides a structural framework to characterize determinants of host/tissue tropism, pathogenicity, and antigenicity for the development of antiviral strategies to control human bocavirus infections.IMPORTANCE Human bocaviruses are one of only a few members of the Parvoviridae family pathogenic to humans, especially young children and immunocompromised adults. There are currently no treatments or vaccines for these viruses or the related enteric bocaviruses. This study obtained the first high-resolution structures of three human bocaparvoviruses determined by cryo-reconstruction. HBoV1 infects the respiratory tract, and HBoV3 and HBoV4 infect the gastrointestinal tract, tissues that are likely targeted by the capsid. Comparison of these viruses provides information on conserved bocaparvovirus-specific features and variable regions resulting in unique surface topologies that can serve as guides to characterize HBoV determinants of tissue tropism and antigenicity in future experiments. Based on the comparison to other existing parvovirus capsid structures, this study suggests capsid regions that likely control successful infection, including determinants of receptor attachment, host cell trafficking, and antigenic reactivity. Overall, these observations could impact efforts to design antiviral strategies and vaccines for HBoVs.
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Ligozzi M, Diani E, Lissandrini F, Mainardi R, Gibellini D. Assessment of NS1 gene-specific real time quantitative TaqMan PCR for the detection of Human Bocavirus in respiratory samples. Mol Cell Probes 2017; 34:53-5. [PMID: 28457983 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human Bocaviruses (HBoV) were associated with respiratory diseases. Here, we assessed a TaqMan®-based PCR for the detection of all four HBoV subtype infections with a sensitivity up to 15 copies/reaction. To evaluate this assay on clinical samples, 178 nasopharyngeal aspirate specimens from pediatric cases were analyzed and HBoV genome was detected in 13 out of 178 patients with a viral load range between 1.6 × 103 and 9.4 × 107 copies/ml. These results indicated that this method could be used as an alternative technique for the diagnosis of HBoV infection.
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Hao S, Zhang J, Chen Z, Xu H, Wang H, Guan W. Alternative Polyadenylation of Human Bocavirus at Its 3' End Is Regulated by Multiple Elements and Affects Capsid Expression. J Virol 2017; 91:e02026-16. [PMID: 27881651 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.02026-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative processing of human bocavirus (HBoV) P5 promoter-transcribed RNA is critical for generating the structural and nonstructural protein-encoding mRNA transcripts. The regulatory mechanism by which HBoV RNA transcripts are polyadenylated at proximal [(pA)p] or distal [(pA)d] polyadenylation sites is still unclear. We constructed a recombinant HBoV infectious clone to study the alternative polyadenylation regulation of HBoV. Surprisingly, in addition to the reported distal polyadenylation site, (pA)d, a novel distal polyadenylation site, (pA)d2, which is located in the right-end hairpin (REH), was identified during infectious clone transfection or recombinant virus infection. (pA)d2 does not contain typical hexanucleotide polyadenylation signal, upstream elements (USE), or downstream elements (DSE) according to sequence analysis. Further study showed that HBoV nonstructural protein NS1, REH, and cis elements of (pA)d were necessary and sufficient for efficient polyadenylation at (pA)d2. The distance and sequences between (pA)d and (pA)d2 also played a key role in the regulation of polyadenylation at (pA)d2. Finally, we demonstrated that efficient polyadenylation at (pA)d2 resulted in increased HBoV capsid mRNA transcripts and protein translation. Thus, our study revealed that all the bocaviruses have distal poly(A) signals on the right-end palindromic terminus, and alternative polyadenylation at the HBoV 3′ end regulates its capsid expression. IMPORTANCE The distal polyadenylation site, (pA)d, of HBoV is located about 400 nucleotides (nt) from the right-end palindromic terminus, which is different from those of bovine parvovirus (BPV) and canine minute virus (MVC) in the same genus whose distal polyadenylation is located in the right-end stem-loop structure. A novel polyadenylation site, (pA)d2, was identified in the right-end hairpin of HBoV during infectious clone transfection or recombinant virus infection. Sequence analysis showed that (pA)d2 does not contain typical polyadenylation signals, and the last 42 nt form a stem-loop structure which is almost identical to that of MVC. Further study showed that NS1, REH, and cis elements of (pA)d are required for efficient polyadenylation at (pA)d2. Polyadenylation at (pA)d2 enhances capsid expression. Our study demonstrates alternative polyadenylation at the 3′ end of HBoV and suggests an additional mechanism by which capsid expression is regulated.
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Thanh TT, Van HMT, Hong NTT, Nhu LNT, Anh NT, Tuan HM, Hien HV, Tuong NM, Kien TT, Khanh TH, Nhan LNT, Hung NT, Chau NVV, Thwaites G, van Doorn HR, Tan LV. The first genome sequences of human bocaviruses from Vietnam. Wellcome Open Res 2017; 1:16. [PMID: 28090592 PMCID: PMC5234701 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.10042.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of an ongoing effort to generate complete genome sequences of hand, foot and mouth disease-causing enteroviruses directly from clinical specimens, two complete coding sequences and two partial genomic sequences of human bocavirus 1 (n=3) and 2 (n=1) were co-amplified and sequenced, representing the first genome sequences of human bocaviruses from Vietnam. The sequences may aid future study aiming at understanding the evolution of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Tan Thanh
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit in partnership with the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam
| | | | - Nguyen Thi Thu Hong
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit in partnership with the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Le Nguyen Truc Nhu
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit in partnership with the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen To Anh
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit in partnership with the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Ha Manh Tuan
- Children's Hospital 2, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Ho Van Hien
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit in partnership with the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Manh Tuong
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit in partnership with the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Trinh Trung Kien
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit in partnership with the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | | | - Guy Thwaites
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit in partnership with the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam.,Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - H Rogier van Doorn
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit in partnership with the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam.,Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Le Van Tan
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit in partnership with the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Vietnam
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Lasure N, Gopalkrishna V. Molecular epidemiology and clinical severity of Human Bocavirus ( HBoV) 1-4 in children with acute gastroenteritis from Pune, Western India. J Med Virol 2016; 89:17-23. [PMID: 27272684 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Although acute gastroenteritis is a major public health problem worldwide, ∼40% of the cases remain undiagnosed for any etiological agent. Human Bocavirus (HBoV) has been detected frequently in feces of diarrhoeic children suggesting its possible etiological involvement in the disease. HBoV has not been reported in association with acute gastroenteritis from India. Fecal samples (n = 418) collected from children (age ≤5 years) hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis, between January 2009 and December 2011, from three local hospitals were examined for presence of HBoV using PCR targeting the partial VP1/VP2 capsid region (∼575 bp) followed by phylogenetic analysis. HBoV was detected in 24/418 (5.7%) cases. Co-infection was observed in 5/24 (21%) cases. HBoV infections occurred in children ≤12 months of age. Peak HBoV activity was observed in monsoon and post monsoon season. All four HBoV genotypes were detected in the study region. Major clinical symptoms of HBoV mono infections included diarrhoea (100%), fever (90%), dehydration (74%), and vomiting (58%). Dehydration was observed in all of the HBoV2-4 cases and in 50% of the HBoV1 cases. Clinical severity varied with genotype (HBoV2 > HBoV1 > HBoV3 > HBoV4). HBoV2 cases recorded severe and very severe infections. The study illustrates prevalence and vast genetic diversity of HBoVs in acute gastroenteritis. It highlights the clinical features of HBoV1-4 infections and sheds light on clinical impact of HBoV genotypes in gastroenteritis. J. Med. Virol. 89:17-23, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Lasure
- Department of Enteric Viruses, National Institute of Virology, Pune, India
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Ong DSY, Schuurman R, Heikens E. Human bocavirus in stool: A true pathogen or an innocent bystander? J Clin Virol 2015; 74:45-9. [PMID: 26655268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a parvovirus that was discovered only a decade ago and currently includes four genotypes. HBoV-1 is predominantly found in the respiratory tract, whereas HBoV-2, HBoV-3, and HBoV-4 are mainly detected in stool. HBoV-1 is known to be associated with respiratory tract infections. In stool, the prevalence of HBoV (1-4) is similar between patients with gastro-intestinal symptoms and healthy controls in most studies. Furthermore, often other viruses are concurrently present. Both findings suggest that HBoV in stool is an innocent bystander rather than a true pathogen. Nevertheless, several gaps in knowledge on the role of HBoV in stool remain to be addressed. All studies were performed in primarily immunocompetent patients. The role of HBoV in immunocompromised patients remains unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Y Ong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Rob Schuurman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Heikens
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Jula A, Waris M, Kantola K, Peltola V, Söderlund-Venermo M, Hedman K, Ruuskanen O. Primary and secondary human bocavirus 1 infections in a family, Finland. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 19:1328-31. [PMID: 23876382 PMCID: PMC3739498 DOI: 10.3201/eid.1908.130074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) was detected in a young child hospitalized for pneumonia and subsequently in his twin brother and other family members. The mother's nasopharyngeal samples intermittently showed HBoV1 DNA; the grandmother had HBoV1 reinfection. Findings in this family lead to consideration of HBoV virulence, latency, and reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Jula
- Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Wurzel DF, Marchant JM, Clark JE, Mackay IM, Wang CYT, Sloots TP, Upham JW, Yerkovich ST, Masters IB, Baker PJ, Anderson-James S, Chang AB. Respiratory virus detection in nasopharyngeal aspirate versus bronchoalveolar lavage is dependent on virus type in children with chronic respiratory symptoms. J Clin Virol 2013; 58:683-8. [PMID: 24125830 PMCID: PMC7173340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The comparative yield of respiratory virus detection from nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) versus bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is uncertain. Furthermore, the significance of virus detection and its relationship to lower airway neutrophilic inflammation is poorly studied. Objectives To evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of NPA for detecting respiratory viruses in BAL; and to determine the relationship between viruses and lower airway neutrophilia in children with non-acute respiratory illness. Study design 150 paired NPA and BAL samples were obtained from 75 children aged <18 years undergoing flexible bronchoscopy for investigation of chronic respiratory symptoms. Viral studies were performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Cellularity studies were performed on BALs. Diagnostic parameters of NPA compared to BAL and associations between viruses and lower airway %neutrophils were evaluated. Results NPA had a higher yield than BAL for detection of any respiratory virus (52 versus 38, respectively). NPA had a high sensitivity (92%) and low specificity (57%) for detecting HRV in BAL with poor kappa agreement value of 0.398 (95% CI 0.218–0.578, p < 0.001). NPA had a fair sensitivity (69%) and good specificity (90.3%) for detecting HAdV on BAL, kappa agreement was 0.561 (95% CI 0.321–0.801, p < 0.001). HAdV positivity on NPA, compared to negativity, was independently associated with heightened airway neutrophilia [mean difference (95% CI): 18 (1,35); p = 0.042]. Conclusions NPA has a higher yield for respiratory virus detection than BAL, however its diagnostic accuracy is dependent on viral species. Adenovirus positivity is associated with significantly heightened lower airway neutrophilia in children with chronic respiratory symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle F Wurzel
- Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Queensland Children's Respiratory Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
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Windisch W, Schildgen V, Malecki M, Lenz J, Brockmann M, Karagiannidis C, Schildgen O. Detection of HBoV DNA in idiopathic lung fibrosis, Cologne, Germany. J Clin Virol 2013; 58:325-7. [PMID: 23806665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We report two confirmed cases of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) associated with infection of the human bocavirus (HBoV). In one case HBoV was identified in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) during an acute exacerbation as well as post mortem in different tissues giving raise to the hypothesis that HBoV infections trigger UIP or could be a causative agent and be a systemic component in UIP. In the other case, the UIP was confirmed by radiological methods and HBoV was detected in the BAL during an acute exacerbation. Both cases give raise to the hypothesis that HBoV could be a causative agent of UIP or could contribute to its development and/or acute exacerbations.
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Lüsebrink J, Wittleben F, Schildgen V, Schildgen O. Human bocavirus - insights into a newly identified respiratory virus. Viruses 2009; 1:3-12. [PMID: 21994534 PMCID: PMC3185462 DOI: 10.3390/v1010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2009] [Revised: 04/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Bocavirus (HBoV) was discovered in 2005 using a molecular virus screening technique. It is often found in respiratory samples and is a likely cause for respiratory diseases in children. HBoV is distributed worldwide and has been found not only in respiratory samples, but also in feces, urine and serum. HBoV infections are mostly found in young children and coinfections with other respiratory viruses are often found, exacerbating the efforts to link HBoV to specific symptoms. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of recent HBoV research, highlighting some recent findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Oliver Schildgen
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mails: or ; Tel.: +49-228-28711186
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Foulongne V, Segondy M. [Bocavirus: a new human parvovirus]. Virologie (Montrouge) 2007; 11:97-104. [PMID: 37012844 DOI: 10.1684/vir.2011.8910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
A new virus was recently discovered by molecular techniques in respiratory samples collected from young children with respiratory disease. This virus, which represents a new member of the Parvoviridae family is genetically related to the bovine parvovirus and the canine minute virus that belong to the Bocavirus genus. It has been classified in the Bocavirus genus and named human bocavirus (HBoV). Recent studies conducted in different countries have shown that HBoV is found in 3 to 18 %of children with respiratory disease worldwide. Genetic analysis indicate that this virus shows low genetic variability. The clinical signs observed in patients infected with HBoV are not different from those caused by other respiratory viruses.A frequent association of HBoV with other respiratory pathogens may be observed. Therefore, the exact role played by this virus in human diseases still remains unclear. Further studies including control populations are needed to ascertain the pathogenic potential of this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Foulongne
- aLaboratoire de virologie, Pôle d'infectiologie, hôpital Saint-Eloi, Centre hospitalier universitaire, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5
| | - M Segondy
- aLaboratoire de virologie, Pôle d'infectiologie, hôpital Saint-Eloi, Centre hospitalier universitaire, 34295 Montpellier Cedex 5
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