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Ng DCE, Liew CH, Tan KK, Awang EHB, Nazri FNBA, Maran AKT, Mohan VAAC, Ramachandran D, Chok M, Teh CH, Mohamad Nor A, Baharuddin SB, Khoo EJ. Clinical comparison of HMPV and RSV infections in hospitalised Malaysian children: A propensity score matched study. Clin Respir J 2024; 18:e13747. [PMID: 38529669 DOI: 10.1111/crj.13747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are significant contributors to the burden of acute respiratory infections in children, but data on hMPV from Southeast Asia are limited despite its potential for serious disease. This study aimed to compare the clinical presentation, resource utilisation and outcomes between hMPV and RSV infections in hospitalised Malaysian children. METHODS This retrospective, observational study included children aged ≤12 years old hospitalised with hMPV or RSV, confirmed via direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) methods, between 1 July to 30 October 2022 at Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar Seremban, Malaysia. Demographic, clinical presentation, resource utilisation and outcome data were analysed. Propensity score matching was used to balance cohorts based on key demographic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS This study included 192 patients, comprising 112 with hMPV and 80 with RSV. hMPV patients were older (median age 20.5 vs. 9.4 months, p < 0.001) and had a higher incidence of comorbidities (24.1% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.003). Fever was more common in the hMPV group (97.3% vs. 73.8%, p < 0.001), but the other clinical manifestations were similar. Postmatching analysis showed higher corticosteroid use in the hMPV group (p = 0.01). No significant differences were observed in the use of other resources, PICU admissions, duration of hospitalisation or mortality rates between both groups. CONCLUSION hMPV and RSV infections in children share similar clinical manifestations and outcomes, with hMPV affecting older children and showing higher corticosteroid usage. These findings emphasise the need for equal clinical vigilance for both hMPV and RSV in paediatric respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Chun-Ern Ng
- Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Chuin-Hen Liew
- Hospital Tuanku Ampuan Najihah, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Kuala Pilah, Malaysia
| | - Kah Kee Tan
- Department of Paediatrics, Perdana University Seremban Clinical Academic Center, Seremban, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michelle Chok
- Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Cheah Hooi Teh
- Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Seremban, Malaysia
| | - Airena Mohamad Nor
- Hospital Tuanku Ja'afar, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Seremban, Malaysia
| | | | - Erwin Jiayuan Khoo
- Department of Paediatrics, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Xiao X, Wen Z, Chen Q, Shipman JM, Kostas J, Reid JC, Warren C, Tang A, Luo B, O’Donnell G, Fridman A, Chen Z, Vora KA, Zhang L, Su HP, Eddins MJ. Structural characterization of M8C10, a neutralizing antibody targeting a highly conserved prefusion-specific epitope on the metapneumovirus fusion trimerization interface. J Virol 2023; 97:e0105223. [PMID: 38032197 PMCID: PMC10734504 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01052-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a common pathogen causing lower respiratory tract infections worldwide and can develop severe symptoms in high-risk populations such as infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients. There are no approved hMPV vaccines or neutralizing antibodies available for therapeutic or prophylactic use. The trimeric hMPV fusion F protein is the major target of neutralizing antibodies in human sera. Understanding the immune recognition of antibodies to hMPV-F antigen will provide critical insights into developing efficacious hMPV monoclonal antibodies and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Xiao
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
- Discovery Biologics, Merck & Co., Inc., Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- MRL Postdoctoral Research Program, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, USA
| | - Zhiyun Wen
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Qing Chen
- Protein and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Shipman
- Protein and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James Kostas
- Protein and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John C. Reid
- Protein and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher Warren
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aimin Tang
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bin Luo
- Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gregory O’Donnell
- Quantitative Biosciences, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arthur Fridman
- Data Science and Scientific Informatics, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Zhifeng Chen
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kalpit A. Vora
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lan Zhang
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Discovery, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hua-Poo Su
- Protein and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael J. Eddins
- Protein and Structural Chemistry, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania, USA
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Alıravcı ID, Çelik T, Çelik-Ekinci S, Hamidi AA. Bibliometric Analysis of Human Metapneumovirus Studies. Infect Dis Clin Microbiol 2023; 5:311-322. [PMID: 38633850 PMCID: PMC10986691 DOI: 10.36519/idcm.2023.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to estimate research productivity and general characteristics of research in different regions of the world in the field of human metapneumovirus (hMPV). Materials and Methods We used the Web of Science (WoS) electronic database to retrieve articles on "human metapneumovirus," published up to March 31, 2023. Parameters such as research productivity, the total number of publications, average citation counts of all articles, research productivity by top publishing countries and affiliated organizations, links between countries/organizations, and top keywords were assessed. Results We found 826 articles in the WoS database. The first article on hMPV was published in 2002, and 2008 was the year that the most articles on hMPV were published, with 70 articles. The articles were cited 26,797 times (14,498 times without self-citations) and 32.25 times on average per article. Hirsch (H)-index was 80. The year 2008 also had the highest number of citations, with more than 1800. The United States was the most productive country, producing 295 documents (35.714%), one-third of all publications in this field worldwide. Canada (6.5%) and Japan (6.5%) followed the United States regarding total hMPV publications worldwide. The leading funding agencies for hMPV research were from the United States, Europe, China, and Japan. Conclusion Our findings imply that developed countries should assist developing countries in enhancing their research infrastructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Işıl Deniz Alıravcı
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Çanakkale 18 Mart University Hospital, Çanakkale, Türkiye
| | - Taylan Çelik
- Department of Pediatri, Çanakkale 18 Mart University Hospital, Çanakkale, Türkiye
| | - Semiha Çelik-Ekinci
- University of Health Sciences, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Aziz Ahmad Hamidi
- University of Health Sciences, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Li J, Zhao Y, Dai Y, Zhao J. Identification of γ-Fagarine as a novel antiviral agent against respiratory virus ( hMPV) infection. Virus Res 2023; 336:199223. [PMID: 37734492 PMCID: PMC10522984 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) causes significant upper and lower respiratory disease in all age groups worldwide. However, there is no licensed drugs or vaccine available against hMPV. γ-Fagarine, an alkaloid isolated from the root of zanthoxylum, has been reported to be effective in the treatment of cancer, inflammatory diseases and antivirals. However, little is known about the inhibitory effect of γ-Fagarine against respiratory virus infection and the mechanism. In this study, we aim to investigate the effect of γ-Fagarine on hMPV infection and explore its underlying molecular mechanisms. Vero-E6 and 16HBE cells were used as cell models. Virus replication and microcosm character were explored in Vero-E6 cells. Then, the antiviral activities were investigated by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), western blotting (WB), and indirect immunofluorescence assays (IFAs) in Vero-E6 and 16HBE. Potential mechanisms of γ-Fagarine related to HSPG and lysosome pH were assessed in 16HBE cells. Lastly, a virus-infected mouse model was established and antiviral assay in vivo was conducted. γ-Fagarine showed no toxicity toward Vero-E6 cells and 16HBE cells but demonstrated anti-hMPV activity. Virus titers of γ-Fagarine group were reduced to 33% and 45% of the hMPV groups, respectively. Besides, mechanistic studies revealed that γ-Fagarine could inhibit hMPV by dual mechanisms of direct restraining virus binding with HSPG and influencing lysosome pH. Furthermore, oral delivery of γ-Fagarine to hMPV-infected mice at a dosage of 25 mg/kg reduced the hMPV load in lung tissues. After γ-Fagarine treatment, pathological damage caused by viral infection was also ameliorated. These findings suggest that γ-Fagarine has antiviral effects in vitro and in vivo, which are associated with its ability to restrain virus binding with HSPG and influence lysosome pH, thus indicating that γ-Fagarine has the potential to serve as a candidate to fight against hMPV infection and other respiratory viruses such as influenza viruses and SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Li
- Department of Pharmacognosy, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Ying Dai
- Translational Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Sichuan Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Junning Zhao
- Department of Pharmacognosy, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; National Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Beijing 100038, China.
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Kang M, Sarkar S, Angurana SK, Singh P, Rana M, Bora I, Chetanya R, Singh B, Muralidharan J, Ratho RK. Paradigm shift of respiratory viruses causing lower respiratory tract infection in children during COVID-19 pandemic in India. J Infect Dev Ctries 2023; 17:961-970. [PMID: 37515805 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.17727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs) are the commonest cause of mortality in children mostly attributed to respiratory viruses. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the dynamics and transmission of infections changed worldwide due to widespread public health measures. This study aimed to understand the pattern of respiratory viruses associated with ALRTIs in children pre and during COVID-19 pandemic in India. METHODOLOGY Respiratory samples were collected from ALRTI patients during pre-pandemic period (October 2019 to February 2020; n = 166), Delta (July 2021 to December 2021; n = 78) and Omicron wave (January 2022 to July 2022; n = 111). Samples were screened for Influenza (Inf) A pdmH1N1, InfA H3N2, InfB, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), human bocavirus (hBoV), human rhinovirus (hRV), and parainfluenza virus (PIV-2 and PIV-3) by nucleic acid amplification techniques (NAATs). RESULTS Significantly higher proportion of children with ALRTIs had virus/es isolated during pre-pandemic period than during mid-pandemic period [78.9% (131/166) vs. 52.9% (100/189); p < 0.001). RSV positivity was significantly higher (51.2%) in pre-pandemic period than 10.3% and 0.9% during the Delta and Omicron waves respectively. No significant difference in positivity rate of Inf A pdmH1N1, Inf A H3N2 and Inf B was seen. The increase in positivity of hRV (39.2% vs 42.3% vs 56.8%) and hBOV (1.2% vs 5.1% vs 9%) was documented in pre-pandemic, delta wave and omicron wave respectively. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the frequency and pattern of respiratory viruses among hospitalized children with ALRTIs in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mannat Kang
- Department of Virology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Subhabrata Sarkar
- Department of Virology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Angurana
- Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Pankaj Singh
- National Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune, India
| | - Meenakshi Rana
- Department of Virology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Ishani Bora
- Department of Virology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Rishi Chetanya
- Department of Virology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Bharatendu Singh
- Department of Virology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Jayashree Muralidharan
- Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
| | - Radha Kanta Ratho
- Department of Virology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India
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6
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Yim KC, Mousa JJ, Blanco JCG, Kim S, Boukhvalova MS. Human Metapneumovirus ( hMPV) Infection and MPV467 Treatment in Immunocompromised Cotton Rats Sigmodon hispidus. Viruses 2023; 15:v15020476. [PMID: 36851691 PMCID: PMC9966515 DOI: 10.3390/v15020476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an important cause of respiratory disease in immunocompromised individuals, yet hMPV infection has not been modeled before in immunocompromised animals. In this work, cotton rats S. hispidus immunosuppressed by cyclophosphamide were infected with hMPV, and viral replication and pulmonary inflammation in these animals were compared to those in normal hMPV-infected S. hispidus. The efficacy of prophylactic and therapeutic administration of the anti-hMPV antibody MPV467 was also evaluated. Immunosuppressed animals had higher pulmonary and nasal titers of hMPV on day 5 post-infection compared to normal animals, and large amounts of hMPV were still present in the respiratory tract of immunosuppressed animals on days 7 and 9 post-infection, indicating prolonged viral replication. Immunosuppression was accompanied by reduced pulmonary histopathology in hMPV-infected cotton rats compared to normal animals; however, a delayed increase in pathology and pulmonary chemokine expression was seen in immunosuppressed cotton rats. Prophylactic and therapeutic MPV467 treatments protected both upper and lower respiratory tracts against hMPV infection. The lung pathology and pulmonary expression of IP-10 and MIP-1α mRNA were reduced by therapeutic MPV467 administration. These results indicate that immunosuppressed cotton rats represent a useful model for studying hMPV pathogenesis and for evaluating therapeutics that could alleviate hMPV-induced disease in immunocompromised subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin C. Yim
- Sigmovir Biosystems, Inc., 9610 Medical Center Drive, Suite 100, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Jarrod J. Mousa
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Jorge C. G. Blanco
- Sigmovir Biosystems, Inc., 9610 Medical Center Drive, Suite 100, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Sonnie Kim
- NIH/NIAID, Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Marina S. Boukhvalova
- Sigmovir Biosystems, Inc., 9610 Medical Center Drive, Suite 100, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-301-294-8629; Fax: +1-301-917-3131
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Ramocha LM, Dorfman JR, Groome M, Baillie V, Verwey C, Laubscher M, Nunes MC, Madhi SA. Human Metapneumovirus-Associated Hospitalization in HIV-1 Exposed Uninfected and HIV-1 Uninfected Children Less Than 5 Years in South Africa. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2023; 12:53-55. [PMID: 36306473 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piac112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Using hospital surveillance data, we estimated Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) hospitalization incidence by age and HIV-exposure status. hMPV-associated hospitalization incidence was highest in <1-year children. Incidence rate ratios of HIV-exposed over unexposed children were 1.5 (95%CI 0.9-2.4) for <6-month children, 1.4 (95%CI 0.7-2.4) for 6- to 11-month children and 0.9 (95%CI 0.4-1.9) for 12- to 59-month children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesego M Ramocha
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Science/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jeffrey R Dorfman
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Science/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michelle Groome
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Science/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa.,African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise (ALIVE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Vicky Baillie
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Science/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Charl Verwey
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marius Laubscher
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Science/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marta C Nunes
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Science/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Science/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, South Africa.,African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise (ALIVE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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8
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Rush SA, Brar G, Hsieh CL, Chautard E, Rainho-Tomko JN, Slade CD, Bricault CA, Kume A, Kearns J, Groppo R, Mundle ST, Zhang L, Casimiro D, Fu TM, DiNapoli JM, McLellan JS. Characterization of prefusion-F-specific antibodies elicited by natural infection with human metapneumovirus. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111399. [PMID: 36130517 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a major cause of acute respiratory infections in infants and older adults, for which no vaccines or therapeutics are available. The viral fusion (F) glycoprotein is required for entry and is the primary target of neutralizing antibodies; however, little is known about the humoral immune response generated from natural infection. Here, using prefusion-stabilized F proteins to interrogate memory B cells from two older adults, we obtain over 700 paired non-IgM antibody sequences representing 563 clonotypes, indicative of a highly polyclonal response. Characterization of 136 monoclonal antibodies reveals broad recognition of the protein surface, with potently neutralizing antibodies targeting each antigenic site. Cryo-EM studies further reveal two non-canonical sites and the molecular basis for recognition of the apex of hMPV F by two prefusion-specific neutralizing antibodies. Collectively, these results provide insight into the humoral response to hMPV infection in older adults and will help guide vaccine development.
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9
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Hindupur A, Menon T, Dhandapani P. Molecular investigation of human metapneumovirus in children with acute respiratory infections in Chennai, South India, from 2016-2018. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:655-661. [PMID: 35118597 PMCID: PMC9151977 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) has emerged as a frequent cause of acute respiratory infections (ARI) among young children. The prevalence and genetic diversity of hMPV circulating in Chennai, Southern India, has not been studied yet. Hence, this study was aimed to investigate the prevalence, co-infection with other respiratory viruses like HRSV A and B, influenza A and B, hRV and HPIV 1-4 viruses, socio-demographic associations, and genotypes of hMPV among children in Chennai. A total of 350 nasal swab specimens were collected from children with ARI during April 2016 to August 2018 and tested for hMPV by real time PCR method. In this study, hMPV was detected in 4% (14/350) of the samples. One hMPV positive sample was found to be co-infected with influenza B virus. The mean and median ages of the children with hMPV infection were 61.5 months (5.1 years) and 83 months (6.9 years), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial F gene revealed the presence of A2c subcluster among the study strains as well as with B1 and B2 lineages. The prevalence data obtained in this study is important in evaluating the role of hMPV in childhood ARI and emphasizes the importance of routine viral diagnosis in hospitals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the prevalence, seasonality, and genetic diversity of hMPV in Chennai as well as the first study to report A2c subcluster of hMPV among children in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Hindupur
- grid.413015.20000 0004 0505 215XDepartment of Microbiology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Thangam Menon
- Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Prabu Dhandapani
- grid.413015.20000 0004 0505 215XDepartment of Microbiology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
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Falsey AR, Walsh EE, Osborne RH, Vandendijck Y, Ren X, Witek J, Kang D, Chan E, Scott J, Ispas G. Comparative assessment of reported symptoms of influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and human metapneumovirus infection during hospitalization and post-discharge assessed by Respiratory Intensity and Impact Questionnaire. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2021; 16:79-89. [PMID: 34472708 PMCID: PMC8692817 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hospitalized acute respiratory tract infection (HARTI) study used the Respiratory Intensity and Impact Questionnaire (RiiQ™) Symptom Scale, derived from FluiiQ™, to assess and compare the burden of respiratory infection symptoms for patients with influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infection, with or without core risk factors (CRF) (age ≥65; chronic heart, renal, obstructive pulmonary disease; asthma). Methods This was a prospective cohort study in adult patients hospitalized with acute respiratory tract infection (40 centers, 12 countries) during two consecutive influenza/RSV/hMPV seasons (2017–2019). The RiiQ™ Symptom Scale and EuroQol 5‐Dimensions 5‐Levels (EQ‐5D‐5L) were assessed by interview at two timepoints during hospitalization and at 1, 2, and 3 months post‐discharge. Results Mean lower respiratory tract (LRT) symptom scores were higher for RSV and hMPV participants compared to influenza at 48 h after enrollment/early discharge (p = 0.001) and 3 months post‐discharge (p = 0.007). This was driven by LRT symptoms, including shortness of breath (SOB) (p < 0.01) and wheezing (p < 0.01) during hospitalization, and SOB (p < 0.05) and cough (p < 0.05) post‐discharge. Participants with CRF reported more moderate‐to‐severe SOB (p < 0.05) and wheezing (p < 0.05) compared to CRF(−) participants post‐discharge. EQ‐5D‐5L scores were moderately associated with RiiQ™ LRT and systemic symptoms domains. Conclusions Results from the HARTI study suggest that in the study population, LRT symptoms were more severe for RSV and hMPV groups and for patients with CRF. RiiQ™ Symptom Scale scores shows a moderate association with EQ‐5D‐5L indicating that the RiiQ™ may provide useful insights and offer advantages over other measures for use in interventional RSV adult clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann R Falsey
- School of Medicine Rochester Regional Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Edward E Walsh
- School of Medicine Rochester Regional Health, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Richard H Osborne
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Xiaohui Ren
- Janssen Infectious Diseases, Beerse, Belgium
| | - James Witek
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Diye Kang
- Janssen Infectious Diseases, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Eric Chan
- Janssen Global Services, LLC, Raritan, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jane Scott
- Janssen Global Services, LLC, Raritan, New Jersey, USA
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11
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Suntarattiwong P, Mott JA, Mohanty S, Sinthuwattanawibool C, Srisantiroj N, Patamasingh Na Ayudhaya O, Klungthong C, Fernandez S, Kim L, Hunt D, Hombroek D, Brummer T, Chotpitayasunondh T, Dawood FS, Kittikraisak W. Feasibility and Performance of Self-Collected Nasal Swabs for Detection of Influenza Virus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and Human Metapneumovirus. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:831-838. [PMID: 34467984 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We assessed performance of participant-collected midturbinate nasal swabs compared to study staff-collected midturbinate nasal swabs for the detection of respiratory viruses among pregnant women in Bangkok, Thailand. METHODS We enrolled pregnant women aged ≥18 years and followed them throughout the 2018 influenza season. Women with acute respiratory illness self-collected midturbinate nasal swabs at home for influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV), and human metapneumoviruses (hMPV) real-time RT-PCR testing and the study nurse collected a second midturbinate nasal swab during home visits. Paired specimens were processed and tested on the same day. RESULTS The majority (109, 60%) of 182 participants were 20-30 years old. All 200 paired swabs had optimal specimen quality. The median time from symptom onsets to participant-collected swabs was 2 days and to staff-collected swabs was also 2 days. The median time interval between the 2 swabs was 2 hours. Compared to staff-collected swabs, the participant-collected swabs were 93% sensitive and 99% specific for influenza virus detection, 94% sensitive and 99% specific for RSV detection, and 100% sensitive and 100% specific for hMPV detection. CONCLUSIONS Participant-collected midturbinate nasal swabs were a valid alternative approach for laboratory confirmation of influenza-, RSV-, and hMPV-associated illnesses among pregnant women in a community setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua A Mott
- Influenza Program, Thailand Ministry of Public Health-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
- Influenza Division, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sarita Mohanty
- Influenza Division, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Chalinthorn Sinthuwattanawibool
- Influenza Program, Thailand Ministry of Public Health-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | | | - Chonticha Klungthong
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Stefan Fernandez
- Department of Virology, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Lindsay Kim
- Division of Viral Diseases, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Fatimah S Dawood
- Influenza Division, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Wanitchaya Kittikraisak
- Influenza Program, Thailand Ministry of Public Health-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Collaboration, Nonthaburi, Thailand
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12
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Soto JA, Gálvez NMS, Pacheco GA, Canedo-Marroquín G, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. Induction of Protective Immunity by a Single Low Dose of a Master Cell Bank cGMP-rBCG-P Vaccine Against the Human Metapneumovirus in Mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:662714. [PMID: 34268134 PMCID: PMC8276701 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.662714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an emergent virus, which mainly infects the upper and lower respiratory tract epithelium. This pathogen is responsible for a significant portion of hospitalizations due to bronchitis and pneumonia in infants and the elderly worldwide. hMPV infection induces a pro-inflammatory immune response upon infection of the host, which is not adequate for the clearance of this pathogen. The lack of knowledge regarding the different molecular mechanisms of infection of this virus has delayed the licensing of effective treatments or vaccines. As part of this work, we evaluated whether a single and low dose of a recombinant Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) expressing the phosphoprotein of hMPV (rBCG-P) can induce a protective immune response in mice. Immunization with the rBCG-P significantly decreased neutrophil counts and viral loads in the lungs of infected mice at different time points. This immune response was also associated with a modulated infiltration of innate cells into the lungs, such as interstitial macrophages (IM) and alveolar macrophages (AM), activated CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and changes in the population of differentiated subsets of B cells, such as marginal zone B cells and plasma cells. The humoral immune response induced by the rBCG-P led to an early and robust IgA response and a late and constant IgG response. Finally, we determined that the transfer of cells or sera from immunized and infected mice to naïve mice promoted an efficient viral clearance. Therefore, a single and low dose of rBCG-P can protect mice from the disease caused by hMPV, and this vaccine could be a promising candidate for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A. Soto
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás M. S. Gálvez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gaspar A. Pacheco
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gisela Canedo-Marroquín
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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13
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Pacheco GA, Gálvez NMS, Soto JA, Andrade CA, Kalergis AM. Bacterial and Viral Coinfections with the Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061293. [PMID: 34199284 PMCID: PMC8231868 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is one of the leading causes of acute lower respiratory tract infections in children under five years old. Notably, hRSV infections can give way to pneumonia and predispose to other respiratory complications later in life, such as asthma. Even though the social and economic burden associated with hRSV infections is tremendous, there are no approved vaccines to date to prevent the disease caused by this pathogen. Recently, coinfections and superinfections have turned into an active field of study, and interactions between many viral and bacterial pathogens have been studied. hRSV is not an exception since polymicrobial infections involving this virus are common, especially when illness has evolved into pneumonia. Here, we review the epidemiology and recent findings regarding the main polymicrobial infections involving hRSV and several prevalent bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, human rhinoviruses, influenza A virus, human metapneumovirus, and human parainfluenza viruses. As reports of most polymicrobial infections involving hRSV lack a molecular basis explaining the interaction between hRSV and these pathogens, we believe this review article can serve as a starting point to interesting and very much needed research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaspar A. Pacheco
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (G.A.P.); (N.M.S.G.); (J.A.S.); (C.A.A.)
| | - Nicolás M. S. Gálvez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (G.A.P.); (N.M.S.G.); (J.A.S.); (C.A.A.)
| | - Jorge A. Soto
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (G.A.P.); (N.M.S.G.); (J.A.S.); (C.A.A.)
| | - Catalina A. Andrade
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (G.A.P.); (N.M.S.G.); (J.A.S.); (C.A.A.)
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (G.A.P.); (N.M.S.G.); (J.A.S.); (C.A.A.)
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2-686-2842; Fax: +56-2-222-5515
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14
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Chidambaram AC, Bhowmick R, Parameswaran N, Gunasekaran D. A rare case of metapneumovirus-induced rhabdomyolysis and multi-organ dysfunction in a 4-year-old child. Paediatr Int Child Health 2021; 41:166-169. [PMID: 32909927 DOI: 10.1080/20469047.2020.1814567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a common cause of acute respiratory tract infections in children. In immunocompetent individuals, the course of hMPV infection is usually benign and self-limiting. A developmentally normal, previously healthy 4-year-old girl presented with pneumonia and later developed rhabdomyolysis and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) which was fatal. Extensive microbiological investigation for a possible viral aetiology was positive only for hMPV, thus making it the first reported case of hMPV infection-related rhabdomyolysis.Abbreviations: ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; CK, creatinine kinase; hMPV, human metapneumovirus; MODS, multi-organ dysfunction syndrome; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakash Chandran Chidambaram
- Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Rohit Bhowmick
- Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Narayanan Parameswaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Dhandapany Gunasekaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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15
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Abstract
Most viral vaccines are based on inducing neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against the virus envelope or spike glycoproteins. Many viral surface proteins exist as trimers that transition from a pre-fusion state when key NAb epitopes are exposed to a post-fusion form in which the potential for virus-cell fusion no longer exists. For optimal vaccine performance, these viral proteins are often engineered to enhance stability and presentation of these NAb epitopes. The method involves the structure-guided introduction of proline residues at key positions that maintain the trimer in the pre-fusion configuration. We review how this technique emerged during HIV-1 Env vaccine development and its subsequent wider application to other viral vaccines including SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogier W Sanders
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - John P Moore
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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16
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Andrade CA, Pacheco GA, Gálvez NMS, Soto JA, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. Innate Immune Components that Regulate the Pathogenesis and Resolution of hRSV and hMPV Infections. Viruses 2020; 12:E637. [PMID: 32545470 PMCID: PMC7354512 DOI: 10.3390/v12060637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) and human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) are two of the leading etiological agents of acute lower respiratory tract infections, which constitute the main cause of mortality in infants. However, there are currently approved vaccines for neither hRSV nor hMPV. Moreover, despite the similarity between the pathology caused by both viruses, the immune response elicited by the host is different in each case. In this review, we discuss how dendritic cells, alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells, and the complement system regulate both pathogenesis and the resolution of hRSV and hMPV infections. The roles that these cells play during infections by either of these viruses will help us to better understand the illnesses they cause. We also discuss several controversial findings, relative to some of these innate immune components. To better understand the inflammation in the lungs, the role of the respiratory epithelium in the recruitment of innate immune cells is briefly discussed. Finally, we review the main prophylactic strategies and current vaccine candidates against both hRSV and hMPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina A. Andrade
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (C.A.A.); (G.A.P.); (N.M.S.G.); (J.A.S.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Gaspar A. Pacheco
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (C.A.A.); (G.A.P.); (N.M.S.G.); (J.A.S.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Nicolas M. S. Gálvez
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (C.A.A.); (G.A.P.); (N.M.S.G.); (J.A.S.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Jorge A. Soto
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (C.A.A.); (G.A.P.); (N.M.S.G.); (J.A.S.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (C.A.A.); (G.A.P.); (N.M.S.G.); (J.A.S.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile; (C.A.A.); (G.A.P.); (N.M.S.G.); (J.A.S.); (S.M.B.)
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile
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17
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Wu W, Choi EJ, Lee I, Lee YS, Bao X. Non-Coding RNAs and Their Role in Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Human Metapneumovirus ( hMPV) Infections. Viruses 2020; 12:v12030345. [PMID: 32245206 PMCID: PMC7150941 DOI: 10.3390/v12030345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent high-throughput sequencing revealed that only 2% of the transcribed human genome codes for proteins, while the majority of transcriptional products are non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Herein, we review the current knowledge regarding ncRNAs, both host- and virus-derived, and their role in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infections. RSV is known as the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in children, while hMPV is also a significant contributor to LRTI in the pediatrics population. Although RSV and hMPV are close members, belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, they induce distinct changes in the ncRNA profile. Several types of host ncRNAs, including long ncRNA (lncRNA), microRNAs (miRNAs), and transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived RNA fragments (tRFs), are involved as playing roles in RSV and/or hMPV infection. Given the importance of ncRNAs in regulating the expression and functions of genes and proteins, comprehensively understanding the roles of ncRNAs in RSV/hMPV infection could shed light upon the disease mechanisms of RSV and hMPV, potentially providing insights into the development of prevention strategies and antiviral therapy. The presence of viral-derived RNAs and the potential of using ncRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers are also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhe Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (W.W.); (E.-J.C.)
| | - Eun-Jin Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (W.W.); (E.-J.C.)
| | | | - Yong Sun Lee
- Department of Cancer System Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si Gyeonggi-do 10408, Korea;
| | - Xiaoyong Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (W.W.); (E.-J.C.)
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- The Institute of Translational Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- The Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +409-772-1777
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18
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Abstract
The pneumoviruses respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) are two widespread human pathogens that can cause severe disease in the young, the elderly, and the immunocompromised. Despite the discovery of RSV over 60 years ago, and hMPV nearly 20 years ago, there are no approved vaccines for either virus. Antibody-mediated immunity is critical for protection from RSV and hMPV, and, until recently, knowledge of the antibody epitopes on the surface glycoproteins of RSV and hMPV was very limited. However, recent breakthroughs in the recombinant expression and stabilization of pneumovirus fusion proteins have facilitated in-depth characterization of antibody responses and structural epitopes, and have provided an enormous diversity of new monoclonal antibody candidates for therapeutic development. These new data have primarily focused on the RSV F protein, and have led to a wealth of new vaccine candidates in preclinical and clinical trials. In contrast, the major structural antibody epitopes remain unclear for the hMPV F protein. Overall, this review will cover recent advances in characterizing the antigenic sites on the RSV and hMPV F proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Darren Diaz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jarrod J Mousa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.,Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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19
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Murray AF, Englund JA, Kuypers J, Tielsch JM, Katz J, Khatry SK, Leclerq SC, Chu HY. Infant Pneumococcal Carriage During Influenza, RSV, and hMPV Respiratory Illness Within a Maternal Influenza Immunization Trial. J Infect Dis 2019; 220:956-960. [PMID: 31056697 PMCID: PMC6688054 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiz212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this post-hoc analysis of midnasal pneumococcal carriage in a community-based, randomized prenatal influenza vaccination trial in Nepal with weekly infant respiratory illness surveillance, 457 of 605 (75.5%) infants with influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), or human metapneumovirus (hMPV) illness had pneumococcus detected. Pneumococcal carriage did not impact rates of lower respiratory tract disease for these 3 viruses. Influenza-positive infants born to mothers given influenza vaccine had lower pneumococcal carriage rates compared to influenza-positive infants born to mothers receiving placebo (58.1% versus 71.6%, P = 0.03). Maternal influenza immunization may impact infant acquisition of pneumococcus during influenza infection. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT01034254.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair F Murray
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Janet A Englund
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, Washington
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Jane Kuypers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - James M Tielsch
- Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Joanne Katz
- International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Subarna K Khatry
- Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project - Sarlahi, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Steven C Leclerq
- Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project - Sarlahi, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Helen Y Chu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle
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20
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Leon-Icaza SA, Zeng M, Rosas-Taraco AG. microRNAs in viral acute respiratory infections: immune regulation, biomarkers, therapy, and vaccines. ExRNA 2019; 1:1. [PMID: 34171007 PMCID: PMC7149109 DOI: 10.1186/s41544-018-0004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded RNAs of 17-24 nt. These molecules regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and are differentially expressed in viral acute respiratory infections (ARIs), which are responsible for high morbidity and mortality around the world. In recent years, miRNAs have been studied in order to discover anti-viral ARI drug targets as well as biomarkers for diagnosis, severity, and prognosis. This review presents an analysis of the regulatory response to viral ARIs of miRNAs, including their participation in the innate immune response, their utility as biomarkers, and their potential for future therapies and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A. Leon-Icaza
- 0000 0001 2203 0321grid.411455.0Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL Mexico ,grid.449768.0Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, TX 79905-2827 USA
| | - Mingtao Zeng
- grid.449768.0Center of Emphasis in Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, 5001 El Paso Drive, El Paso, TX 79905-2827 USA
| | - Adrian G. Rosas-Taraco
- 0000 0001 2203 0321grid.411455.0Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL Mexico
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21
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Soto JA, Gálvez NMS, Rivera CA, Palavecino CE, Céspedes PF, Rey-Jurado E, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. Recombinant BCG Vaccines Reduce Pneumovirus-Caused Airway Pathology by Inducing Protective Humoral Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2875. [PMID: 30581437 PMCID: PMC6293239 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (hRSV) and the Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) are two pneumoviruses that are leading agents causing acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs) affecting young infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients worldwide. Since these pathogens were first discovered, many approaches for the licensing of safe and effective vaccines have been explored being unsuccessful to date. We have previously described that immunization with recombinant strains of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (rBCG) expressing the hRSV nucleoprotein (rBCG-N) or the hMPV phosphoprotein (rBCG-P) induced immune protection against each respective virus. These vaccines efficiently promoted viral clearance without significant lung damage, mainly through the induction of a T helper 1 cellular immunity. Here we show that upon viral challenge, rBCG-immunized mice developed a protective humoral immunity, characterized by production of antibodies specific for most hRSV and hMPV proteins. Further, isotype switching from IgG1 to IgG2a was observed in mice immunized with rBCG vaccines and correlated with an increased viral clearance, as compared to unimmunized animals. Finally, sera obtained from animals immunized with rBCG vaccines and infected with their respective viruses exhibited virus neutralizing capacity and protected naïve mice from viral replication and pulmonary disease. These results support the notion that the use of rBCG strains could be considered as an effective vaccination approach against other respiratory viruses with similar biology as hRSV and hMPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Soto
- Departamento de Genética Moleculary Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás M S Gálvez
- Departamento de Genética Moleculary Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A Rivera
- Departamento de Genética Moleculary Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian E Palavecino
- Departamento de Genética Moleculary Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo F Céspedes
- Departamento de Genética Moleculary Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Emma Rey-Jurado
- Departamento de Genética Moleculary Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Departamento de Genética Moleculary Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Departamento de Genética Moleculary Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Abstract
Central Nervous System (CNS) infections are one of the most critical problems in public health, as frequently patients exhibit neurologic sequelae. Usually, CNS pathologies are caused by known neurotropic viruses such as measles virus (MV), herpes virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), among others. However, nowadays respiratory viruses have placed themselves as relevant agents responsible for CNS pathologies. Among these neuropathological viruses are the human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV), the influenza virus (IV), the coronavirus (CoV) and the human metapneumovirus (hMPV). These viral agents are leading causes of acute respiratory infections every year affecting mainly children under 5 years old and also the elderly. Up to date, several reports have described the association between respiratory viral infections with neurological symptoms. The most frequent clinical manifestations described in these patients are febrile or afebrile seizures, status epilepticus, encephalopathies and encephalitis. All these viruses have been found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which suggests that all these pathogens, once in the lungs, can spread throughout the body and eventually reach the CNS. The current knowledge about the mechanisms and routes used by these neuro-invasive viruses remains scarce. In this review article, we describe the most recent findings associated to neurologic complications, along with data about the possible invasion routes of these viruses in humans and their various effects on the CNS, as studied in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bohmwald
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (MIII), Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás M. S. Gálvez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (MIII), Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariana Ríos
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (MIII), Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (MIII), Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Nitschinsk KM, Clarke DT, Idris A, McMillan NA. RNAi Targeting of Human Metapneumovirus P and N Genes Inhibits Viral Growth. Intervirology 2018; 61:149-154. [PMID: 30145592 DOI: 10.1159/000491927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an important human respiratory pathogen and is implicated in an array of respiratory illnesses, ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe bronchiolitis. Currently, there is no reliable vaccine or specific antiviral therapy for hMPV infection and treatment is supportive. The use of ribonucleic acid interference has the potential to change that with the targeting of essential viral genes via small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) offering the ability to directly and rapidly treat viral infections. METHOD The human lung carcinoma epithelial cell line, A549, was transfected with siRNAs targeting the N and P genes before infecting with hMPV A2 CAN97-83. Viral growth inhibition was then measured by the viral plaque assay and nucleoprotein (N) and phosphoprotein (P) gene knockdown was determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS In vitro prophylactic use of siRNAs targeting the 3'-abundantly expressed N and P genes of hMPV resulted in potent, sequence-specific viral inhibition. The viral inhibition was specific and not mediated by an anti-viral interferon-β response or cell death. CONCLUSION The findings presented here confirmed the highly potent, sequence-specific antiviral effect of siRNAs targeting the N and P gene of hMPV. These results may facilitate the development of a novel therapeutic agent for hMPV control.
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Schreiner D, Groendahl B, Puppe W, Off HNT, Poplawska K, Knuf M, Meyer CU, Reischl AT, Gehring S. High antibiotic prescription rates in hospitalized children with human metapneumovirus infection in comparison to RSV infection emphasize the value of point-of-care diagnostics. Infection 2019; 47:201-7. [PMID: 30132249 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-018-1194-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory infections are the main causes for hospitalization in children and a common reason for the initiation of antibiotic treatment. Rapid antigen detection tests and point-of-care mPCR-based assays provide a fast detection of viral pathogens. Nonetheless, the prescription rate of antibiotics for respiratory infections is exceedingly high. In particular, human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infections frequently cause antibiotic treatment. METHODS Children hospitalized in our clinic with an acute respiratory infection between January 2008 and January 2013 were included in the present study. Data of 3799 children were analyzed retrospectively for clinical symptoms, laboratory findings, and antibiotic and inhalation treatment. We performed an in-house m-RT-PCR-ELISA method for pathogen detection. RESULTS Pathogen detection was possible in 2464 patients. In 6.3%, hMPV and, in 24.0%, RSV were detected. Patients positively tested for hMPV received inhalation therapy in 62.9%; patients positive for RSV in 73.8%. Patients positive for hMPV were treated with antibiotics in 62.3%. Patients with RSV infection received antibiotic treatment in 44.4%; all others in 43.5%. Notably, a positive result in RSV-RADT was associated with reduced number of antibiotic treatment. CONCLUSION hMPV infections inherit a two times higher probability of antibiotic treatment. There was no significant difference in laboratory findings or body temperature between hMPV infection and infections caused by other pathogens. Clinical symptoms seem not to differ from those in RSV illness. Nonetheless, RSV infections triggered significantly lower antibiotic prescription rates. A considerate application of a POC-mPCR for patients with RSV-like symptoms and age of 1 year and older with a negative RSV-RADT might lead to higher detection rates of hMPV and a reduction in prescription of antibiotics.
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Lê BV, Jandrot-Perrus M, Couture C, Checkmahomed L, Venable MC, Hamelin MÈ, Boivin G. Evaluation of anticoagulant agents for the treatment of human metapneumovirus infection in mice. J Gen Virol 2018; 99:1367-1380. [PMID: 30102144 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombin has been demonstrated to be involved in several viral diseases including human metapneumovirus (hMPV) infections. We previously showed that immediate administration of thrombin inhibitor argatroban post-infection protected mice against hMPV disease. This current work aims at determining whether warfarin and heparin, two other anticoagulants inhibiting thrombin formation and activities, may also be used for treatment against hMPV in vivo. We found that immediate injections of argatroban, warfarin or heparin after virus challenge protected mice against hMPV infection, as evidenced by decreased or no mortality, less weight loss, reduced viral load and attenuated inflammation. However, delayed treatments starting 1 day post-infection with argatroban or warfarin almost did not impact the survival whereas delayed treatment with heparin induced an increased mortality during infection. Moreover, these treatments also did not reduce weight loss, viral replication and inflammation. In agreement with these results, thrombin generation was decreased upon immediate anticoagulant treatments but was unaltered upon delayed treatments. Thus, thrombin generation occurs at the onset of hMPV infection and thrombin inhibition may be only useful for the treatment of this disease when initiated in the early stage. In this case, heparin is not recommended because of its reduced efficacy on mortality in infected mice whereas argatroban and warfarin appear as safe and effective drugs for the treatment of hMPV disease. The antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of argatroban occur via thrombin-dependent pathways whereas the mechanisms by which warfarin exerts its beneficial effects against hMPV infection were not elucidated and need to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ba Vuong Lê
- 1Infectious Disease Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Christian Couture
- 3Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Liva Checkmahomed
- 1Infectious Disease Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Marie-Ève Hamelin
- 1Infectious Disease Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guy Boivin
- 1Infectious Disease Research Centre, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Liu Y, Qin T, Zhao X, Dong S, Zhu J, Peng D, Zhong J, Li T, Chen X. Skewed balance of regulatory T cell and inflammatory T cell in IL-17 defect with human metapneumovirus infection. Cell Immunol 2018; 331:161-167. [PMID: 30077332 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a common cause of respiratory infections in children. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the development of hMPV-induced pulmonary pathology remain unknown. Studies show that IL-17 plays an important role in some inflammatory diseases of the airways, including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Here, we generated an IL-17 KO murine model of hMPV infection and used it to characterize the role of IL-17 hMPV-induced pulmonary inflammation. The results demonstrated that the defect in IL-17 resulted in less neutrophil influx into the lungs, along with reduced ventilatory function. Meanwhile, viral infection in IL-17 KO mice increased regulatory T cells (Tregs) and reduced Th1 and Th2 cells in the lung, suggesting that lack of IL-17 skews the immune response in the lung toward an anti-inflammatory profile, as exhibited by a greater number of Treg cells and fewer Th1 and Th2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Liu
- Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Tao Qin
- Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- Research Center for Immunologic and Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China; Division of Immunology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Shifang Dong
- Division of Flow Cytometry, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Division of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Donghong Peng
- Division of Respiratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Jiarong Zhong
- General Medical Wards, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Tingyu Li
- Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Xin Chen
- General Medical Wards, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China.
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Bao X, Kolli D, Esham D, Velayutham TS, Casola A. Human Metapneumovirus Small Hydrophobic Protein Inhibits Interferon Induction in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells. Viruses 2018; 10:E278. [PMID: 29789500 DOI: 10.3390/v10060278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV), a leading cause of respiratory tract infections in infants, encodes a small hydrophobic (SH) protein of unknown function. Here we show that infection of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) with a recombinant virus lacking SH expression (rhMPV-ΔSH) enhanced the secretion of type I interferons (IFNs), which required TLR7 and MyD88 expression. HMPV SH protein inhibited TLR7/MyD88/TRAF6 signaling leading to IFN gene transcription, identifying a novel mechanism by which paramyxovirus SH proteins modulate innate immune responses.
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28
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Yousafzai MT, Ibrahim R, Thobani R, Aziz F, Ali A. Human metapneumovirus in hospitalized children less than 5 years of age in Pakistan. J Med Virol 2018; 90:1027-1032. [PMID: 29424432 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is the second leading cause of death in children less than 5 years of age worldwide. Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) is associated with around 5-7% of the total pneumonia admissions in children. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of hMPV associated hospitalizations among children, in Karachi, Pakistan. A 3 years prospective study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), from August 2009 to June 2012. Children less than 5 years of age, admitted with ARIs, were enrolled. Throat swabs were collected and tested for hMPV using real-time PCR. Multivariable log binomial regression analysis was performed. Out of 1150 children enrolled, hMPV was detected among 84/1150 (7%). About 87% of the enrolled children presented with cough, followed by fever (73%), nasal congestion (69%) and shortness of breath (68%). Of the hMPV positive subjects, most (56/84, 67%) were less than 12 months of age. The most common diagnosis in hMPV positive infants was pneumonia, followed by asthma and bronchiolitis. HMPV was identified year round, with peaks during February and August. Sore throat was found to be significantly associated with the hMPV infection (Adjusted RR 2.23; 95%CI 1.42-3.52). The proportion of hMPV was higher among hospitalized infants with ARI. Pneumonia was the primary discharge diagnoses of patients who tested positive for hMPV. hMPV could be a target for future vaccine to further decrease the burden of ARI morbidity and possibly mortality in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad T Yousafzai
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Romesa Ibrahim
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rozina Thobani
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Aziz
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Asad Ali
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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González LA, Vázquez Y, Mora JE, Palavecino CE, Bertrand P, Ferrés M, Contreras AM, Beckhaus AA, Riedel CA, Bueno SM. Evaluation of monoclonal antibodies that detect conserved proteins from Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Metapneumovirus and Adenovirus in human samples. J Virol Methods 2018; 254:51-64. [PMID: 29410056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (hRSV), human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) and Adenovirus (ADV), are three of the most prevalent viruses responsible for pneumonia and bronchiolitis in children and elderly worldwide, accounting for a high number of hospitalizations annually. Diagnosis of these viruses is required to take clinical actions that allow an appropriate patient management. Thereby, new strategies to design fast diagnostic methods are highly required. In the present work, six monoclonal antibodies (mAbs, two for each virus) specific for conserved proteins from hRSV, hMPV and ADV were generated and evaluated through different immunological techniques, based on detection of purified protein, viral particles and human samples. In vitro evaluation of these antibodies showed higher specificity and sensitivity than commercial antibodies tested in this study. These antibodies were used to design a sandwich ELISA tests that allowed the detection of hRSV, hMPV, and ADV in human nasopharyngeal swabs. We observed that hRSV and ADV were detected with sensitivity and specificity equivalent to a current Direct Fluorescence Assay (DFA) methodology. However, hMPV was detected with more sensitivity than DFA. Our data suggest that these new mAbs can efficiently identify infected samples and discriminate from patients infected with other respiratory pathogens.
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Diaz-Dinamarca DA, Ibañez FJ, Soto DA, Soto JA, Cespedes PF, Muena NA, Garate DS, Kalergis AM, Vasquez AE. Immunization with a Mixture of Nucleoprotein from Human Metapneumovirus and AbISCO-100 Adjuvant Reduces Viral Infection in Mice Model. Viral Immunol 2018; 31:306-314. [PMID: 29373084 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2017.0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is the second leading cause globally of acute infection of the respiratory tract in children, infecting the upper and lower airways. The hMPV may induce an inappropriate Th2-type immune response, which causes severe pulmonary inflammation, leading to the obstruction of airways. Despite its severe epidemiological relevance, no vaccines are currently available for the prevention of hMPV-induced illness. In this investigation, we demonstrated that immunization of mice with the recombinant hMPV nucleoprotein (hMPV-N) mixed with the AbISCO-100 adjuvant reduced viral replication in lungs following challenge with the virus. We found that immunized mice had reduced weight loss, decreased granulocytes in the lung, an increased level of specific nucleoprotein antibodies of IgG1 and IgG2a-isotypes, and a local profile of Th1/Th17-type cytokines. Our results suggest that immunization with the hMPV-N and the AbISCO-100 adjuvant induces a reduction of viral infection and could be considered for the development of an hMPV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Diaz-Dinamarca
- 1 Sección de Biotecnología, Departamento de Salud Ambiental, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile , Santiago, Chile .,2 Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco J Ibañez
- 1 Sección de Biotecnología, Departamento de Salud Ambiental, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile , Santiago, Chile .,2 Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel A Soto
- 1 Sección de Biotecnología, Departamento de Salud Ambiental, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge A Soto
- 1 Sección de Biotecnología, Departamento de Salud Ambiental, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile , Santiago, Chile .,2 Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo F Cespedes
- 2 Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás A Muena
- 1 Sección de Biotecnología, Departamento de Salud Ambiental, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego S Garate
- 1 Sección de Biotecnología, Departamento de Salud Ambiental, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- 2 Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millenium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile .,3 Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Endocrinología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Abel E Vasquez
- 1 Sección de Biotecnología, Departamento de Salud Ambiental, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile , Santiago, Chile .,4 Universidad San Sebastián , Facultad de Ciencia, Escuela de Bioquímica, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
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Ren Y, Choi E, Zhang K, Chen Y, Ye S, Deng X, Zhang K, Bao X. Detection of Nuclear Protein Profile Changes by Human Metapneumovirus M2-2 Protein Using Quantitative Differential Proteomics. Vaccines (Basel) 2017; 5:vaccines5040045. [PMID: 29207503 PMCID: PMC5748611 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines5040045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a leading cause of lower respiratory infection in pediatric populations globally. This study examined proteomic profile changes in A549 cells infected with hMPV and two attenuated mutants with deleted PDZ domain-binding motif(s) in the M2-2 protein. These motifs are involved in the interruption of antiviral signaling, namely the interaction between the TNF receptor associated factor (TRAF) and mitochondrial antiviral-signaling (MAVS) proteins. The aim of this study was to provide insight into the overall and novel impact of M2-2 motifs on cellular responses via an unbiased comparison. Tandem mass tagging, stable isotope labeling, and high-resolution mass spectrometry were used for quantitative proteomic analysis. Using quantitative proteomics and Venn analysis, 1248 common proteins were detected in all infected samples of both technical sets. Hierarchical clustering of the differentiated proteome displayed distinct proteomic signatures that were controlled by the motif(s). Bioinformatics and experimental analysis confirmed the differentiated proteomes, revealed novel cellular biological events, and implicated key pathways controlled by hMPV M2-2 PDZ domain-binding motif(s). This provides further insight for evaluating M2-2 mutants as potent vaccine candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Department of Plastic Surgery, TongJi Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430073, China.
| | - Eunjin Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76706, USA.
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, TongJi Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430073, China.
| | - Sha Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology Ward V, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China.
| | - Xiaoling Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Kangling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Xiaoyong Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- The Institute of Translational Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
- The Institute for Human Infections & Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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You HL, Chang SJ, Yu HR, Li CC, Chen CH, Liao WT. Simultaneous detection of respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus by one-step multiplex real-time RT-PCR in patients with respiratory symptoms. BMC Pediatr 2017; 17:89. [PMID: 28347279 PMCID: PMC5368990 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0843-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) are important viral pathogens causing respiratory tract infection (RTI) in the pediatric population. However, the clinical manifestations of RSV and hMPV infections are similar. Therefore, a reliable and rapid diagnostic tool is needed for diagnostic performance. METHODS In order to optimize diagnosis efficiency of RTI, the aim of this study is to establish a rapid and advanced method for simultaneous detecting RSV and hMPV in nasopharyngeal aspirates specimens from patients. We designed a one-step triplex real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) protocol using TaqMan probes for detecting RSV and hMPV. The plasmid clones containing RSV nucleoprotein gene and hMPV fusion gene were established as reference standards. We used virus culture supernatants from 86 known pediatric RTI patient to test the specificity and sensitivity of our assay. Then we used total 222 nasopharyngeal aspirates specimens from pediatric patients hospitalized with respiratory symptoms to evaluate our assay. RESULTS Our one-step triplex qRT-PCR assay showed 100% sensitivity and specificity in testing RSV and hMPV in 86 known virus culture supernatants, with excellent linearity (R2 > 0.99) and reliable reproducibility (CV lower than 1.04%). This assay has a wide dynamic range 102-109copies/reaction (limit of detection; LOD = 100 copies/reaction). A total of 222 patients hospitalized with respiratory symptoms were enrolled for clinical evaluation. In these samples, our qRT-PCR assay detected 68 RSV positive and 18 hMPV positive cases. However, standard virus culture only detected 8 RSV positive cases and 0 hMPV cases. Based on this improved triplex qRT-PCR assay, we found that RSV infection was associated with severe inflammation by chest X-ray and occurrence of pneumonia which were not observed previously. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we have developed a highly specific and sensitive one-step triplex qRT-PCR assay to detect hMPV and RSV simultaneously. This assay offers a valuable tool for routine diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Ling You
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences and Biotechnology, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Jen Chang
- Department of Kinesiology, Health and Leisure Studies, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chin Li
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Han Chen
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, and Graduate Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technology, National Chi Nan University, Nanto, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Liao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan. .,Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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González AE, Lay MK, Jara EL, Espinoza JA, Gómez RS, Soto J, Rivera CA, Abarca K, Bueno SM, Riedel CA, Kalergis AM. Aberrant T cell immunity triggered by human Respiratory Syncytial Virus and human Metapneumovirus infection. Virulence 2016; 8:685-704. [PMID: 27911218 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1265725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) are the two major etiological viral agents of lower respiratory tract diseases, affecting mainly infants, young children and the elderly. Although the infection of both viruses trigger an antiviral immune response that mediate viral clearance and disease resolution in immunocompetent individuals, the promotion of long-term immunity appears to be deficient and reinfection are common throughout life. A possible explanation for this phenomenon is that hRSV and hMPV, can induce aberrant T cell responses, which leads to exacerbated lung inflammation and poor T and B cell memory immunity. The modulation of immune response exerted by both viruses include different strategies such as, impairment of immunological synapse mediated by viral proteins or soluble factors, and the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines by epithelial cells, among others. All these viral strategies contribute to the alteration of the adaptive immunity in order to increase the susceptibility to reinfections. In this review, we discuss current research related to the mechanisms underlying the impairment of T and B cell immune responses induced by hRSV and hMPV infection. In addition, we described the role each virulence factor involved in immune modulation caused by these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E González
- a Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy , Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología , Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Margarita K Lay
- b Departamento de Biotecnología , Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta , Antofagasta , Chile
| | - Evelyn L Jara
- a Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy , Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología , Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Janyra A Espinoza
- a Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy , Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología , Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Roberto S Gómez
- a Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy , Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología , Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Jorge Soto
- a Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy , Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología , Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Claudia A Rivera
- a Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy , Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología , Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Katia Abarca
- c Departamento de Pediatría , Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- a Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy , Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología , Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,d INSERM UMR1064 , Nantes , France
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- e Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy , Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas , Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello , Santiago , Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- a Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy , Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología , Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,c Departamento de Pediatría , Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,f Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy , Departamento de Endocrinología , Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
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Chen Y, Deng X, Deng J, Zhou J, Ren Y, Liu S, Prusak DJ, Wood TG, Bao X. Functional motifs responsible for human metapneumovirus M2-2-mediated innate immune evasion. Virology 2016; 499:361-368. [PMID: 27743962 PMCID: PMC5102771 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2016.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a major cause of lower respiratory infection in young children. Repeated infections occur throughout life, but its immune evasion mechanisms are largely unknown. We recently found that hMPV M2-2 protein elicits immune evasion by targeting mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS), an antiviral signaling molecule. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying such inhibition are not known. Our mutagenesis studies revealed that PDZ-binding motifs, 29-DEMI-32 and 39-KEALSDGI-46, located in an immune inhibitory region of M2-2, are responsible for M2-2-mediated immune evasion. We also found both motifs prevent TRAF5 and TRAF6, the MAVS downstream adaptors, to be recruited to MAVS, while the motif 39-KEALSDGI-46 also blocks TRAF3 migrating to MAVS. In parallel, these TRAFs are important in activating transcription factors NF-kB and/or IRF-3 by hMPV. Our findings collectively demonstrate that M2-2 uses its PDZ motifs to launch the hMPV immune evasion through blocking the interaction of MAVS and its downstream TRAFs. This manuscript describes a molecular mechanism underlying the immune evasion of hMPV. Results create the design basis for safer and more effective hMPV vaccines/therapeutic molecules. We demonstrate the contribution of TRAFs in antiviral responses to hMPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, TongJi Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Xiaoling Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Junfang Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Jiehua Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics, TongJi Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Yuping Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, TongJi Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Shengxuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, TongJi Hospital, TongJi Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China; Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Deborah J Prusak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States; Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Thomas G Wood
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States; Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Xiaoyong Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States; Sealy Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States; The Institute of Translational Science, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States; The Institute for Human Infections & Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.
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Abstract
The family Paramyxoviridae includes many viruses that significantly affect human and animal health. An essential step in the paramyxovirus life cycle is viral entry into host cells, mediated by virus-cell membrane fusion. Upon viral entry, infection results in expression of the paramyxoviral glycoproteins on the infected cell surface. This can lead to cell-cell fusion (syncytia formation), often linked to pathogenesis. Thus membrane fusion is essential for both viral entry and cell-cell fusion and an attractive target for therapeutic development. While there are important differences between viral-cell and cell-cell membrane fusion, many aspects are conserved. The paramyxoviruses generally utilize two envelope glycoproteins to orchestrate membrane fusion. Here, we discuss the roles of these glycoproteins in distinct steps of the membrane fusion process. These findings can offer insights into evolutionary relationships among Paramyxoviridae genera and offer future targets for prophylactic and therapeutic development.
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36
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Shah DP, Shah PK, Azzi JM, El Chaer F, Chemaly RF. Human metapneumovirus infections in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients and hematologic malignancy patients: A systematic review. Cancer Lett 2016; 379:100-6. [PMID: 27260872 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, reported incidence of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) has increased owing to the use of molecular assays for diagnosis of respiratory viral infections in cancer patients. The seasonality of these infections, differences in sampling strategies across institutions, and small sample size of published studies make it difficult to appreciate the true incidence and impact of hMPV infections. In this systematic review, we summarized the published data on hMPV infections in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients and patients with hematologic malignancy, focusing on incidence, hMPV-associated lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI), mortality, prevention, and management with ribavirin and/or intravenous immunoglobulins. Although the incidence of hMPV infections and hMPV-associated LRTI in this patient population is similar to respiratory syncytial virus or parainfluenza virus and despite lack of directed antiviral therapy, the mortality rate remains low unless patients develop LRTI. In the absence of vaccine to prevent hMPV, infection control measures are recommended to reduce its burden in cancer patients.
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37
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Lay MK, Céspedes PF, Palavecino CE, León MA, Díaz RA, Salazar FJ, Méndez GP, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. Human metapneumovirus infection activates the TSLP pathway that drives excessive pulmonary inflammation and viral replication in mice. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:1680-95. [PMID: 25763996 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory tract infections in children and the elderly. The mechanism by which this virus triggers an inflammatory response still remains unknown. Here, we evaluated whether the thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) pathway contributes to lung inflammation upon hMPV infection. We found that hMPV infection promotes TSLP expression both in human airway epithelial cells and in the mouse lung. hMPV infection induced lung infiltration of OX40L(+) CD11b(+) DCs. Mice lacking the TSLP receptor deficient mice (tslpr(-/-) ) showed reduced lung inflammation and hMPV replication. These mice displayed a decreased number of neutrophils as well a reduction in levels of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine/CCL17, IL-5, IL-13, and TNF-α in the airways upon hMPV infection. Furthermore, a higher frequency of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells was found in tslpr(-/-) mice compared to WT mice, which could contribute to controlling viral spread. Depletion of neutrophils in WT and tslpr(-/-) mice decreased inflammation and hMPV replication. Remarkably, blockage of TSLP or OX40L with specific Abs reduced lung inflammation and viral replication following hMPV challenge in mice. Altogether, these results suggest that activation of the TSLP pathway is pivotal in the development of pulmonary pathology and pulmonary hMPV replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarita K Lay
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo F Céspedes
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian E Palavecino
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel A León
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Díaz
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco J Salazar
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo P Méndez
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,INSERM U1064, Nantes, France
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,INSERM U1064, Nantes, France.,Departamento de Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Abstract
Acute respiratory tract infection (RTI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and the majority of RTIs are caused by viruses, among which respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the closely related human metapneumovirus (hMPV) figure prominently. Host innate immune response has been implicated in recognition, protection and immune pathological mechanisms. Host-viral interactions are generally initiated via host recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of the virus. This recognition occurs through host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) which are expressed on innate immune cells such as epithelial cells, dendritic cells, macrophages and neutrophils. Multiple PRR families, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs), contribute significantly to viral detection, leading to induction of cytokines, chemokines and type I interferons (IFNs), which subsequently facilitate the eradication of the virus. This review focuses on the current literature on RSV and hMPV infection and the role of PRRs in establishing/mediating the infection in both in vitro and in vivo models. A better understanding of the complex interplay between these two viruses and host PRRs might lead to efficient prophylactic and therapeutic treatments, as well as the development of adequate vaccines.
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Wurzel DF, Marchant JM, Clark JE, Mackay IM, Wang CYT, Sloots TP, Upham JW, Yerkovich ST, Masters IB, Baker PJ, Anderson-James S, Chang AB. Respiratory virus detection in nasopharyngeal aspirate versus bronchoalveolar lavage is dependent on virus type in children with chronic respiratory symptoms. J Clin Virol 2013; 58:683-8. [PMID: 24125830 PMCID: PMC7173340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The comparative yield of respiratory virus detection from nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) versus bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is uncertain. Furthermore, the significance of virus detection and its relationship to lower airway neutrophilic inflammation is poorly studied. Objectives To evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of NPA for detecting respiratory viruses in BAL; and to determine the relationship between viruses and lower airway neutrophilia in children with non-acute respiratory illness. Study design 150 paired NPA and BAL samples were obtained from 75 children aged <18 years undergoing flexible bronchoscopy for investigation of chronic respiratory symptoms. Viral studies were performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Cellularity studies were performed on BALs. Diagnostic parameters of NPA compared to BAL and associations between viruses and lower airway %neutrophils were evaluated. Results NPA had a higher yield than BAL for detection of any respiratory virus (52 versus 38, respectively). NPA had a high sensitivity (92%) and low specificity (57%) for detecting HRV in BAL with poor kappa agreement value of 0.398 (95% CI 0.218–0.578, p < 0.001). NPA had a fair sensitivity (69%) and good specificity (90.3%) for detecting HAdV on BAL, kappa agreement was 0.561 (95% CI 0.321–0.801, p < 0.001). HAdV positivity on NPA, compared to negativity, was independently associated with heightened airway neutrophilia [mean difference (95% CI): 18 (1,35); p = 0.042]. Conclusions NPA has a higher yield for respiratory virus detection than BAL, however its diagnostic accuracy is dependent on viral species. Adenovirus positivity is associated with significantly heightened lower airway neutrophilia in children with chronic respiratory symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle F Wurzel
- Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia; Queensland Children's Respiratory Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
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Ren J, Kolli D, Deng J, Fang R, Gong B, Xue M, Casola A, Garofalo RP, Wang T, Bao X. MyD88 controls human metapneumovirus-induced pulmonary immune responses and disease pathogenesis. Virus Res 2013; 176:241-50. [PMID: 23845303 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 06/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a common cause of lung and airway infections in infants and young children. Recently, we and others have shown that hMPV infection induces Toll-like receptor (TLR)-dependent cellular signaling. However, the contribution of TLR-mediated signaling in host defenses against pulmonary hMPV infection and associated disease pathogenesis has not been elucidated. In this study, mice deficient in MyD88, a common adaptor of TLRs, was used to investigate the contribution of TLRs to in vivo pulmonary response to hMPV infection. MyD88(-/-) mice have significantly reduced pulmonary inflammation and associated disease compared with wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice after intranasal infection with hMPV. hMPV-induced cytokines and chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and isolated lung conventional dendritic cells (cDC) are also significantly impaired by MyD88 deletion. In addition, we found that MyD88 is required for the recruitment of DC, T cells, and other immune cells to the lungs, and for the functional regulation of DC and T cells in response to hMPV infection. Taken together, our data indicate that MyD88-mediated pathways are essential for the pulmonary immune and pathogenic responses to this viral pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
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41
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Feuillet F, Rosa-Calatrava M, Boivin G. [Human metapneumovirus: Characteristics, and therapeutic advances 10 years after its discovery]. Virologie (Montrouge) 2011; 15:235-250. [PMID: 36151673 DOI: 10.1684/15-4.2011.17300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV), described for the first time in 2001 by the team of Pr Albert Osterhaus [1], is one of the main viral pathogens responsible for human respiratory tract infections. It may cause death in elderly and immunocompromised patients. The agent most closely related to hMPV is the human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV), the main virus involved in bronchiolitis and pneumonia in young children and in respiratory tract infections in the elderly. hMPV is defined by two main viral groups,Aand B, and has generallya winter annual distribution in temperate countries. Because of the difficulty to culture hMPV in vitro, its diagnosis is generally achieved using RT-PCR. Like other Paramyxoviridae, hMPVhas a negative stranded RNA genome that includes eight genes coding for nine different proteins. Its genomic organization and the functions of its surface attachment and fusion glycoproteins are relatively similar to those of hRSV. Although many studies have tried to explain the viral cycle of hMPV, there are still many unanswered questions on the exact roles of the viral proteins in the attachment, fusion and replication of hMPV. There is no approved modality to combat hMPV infections for the moment. The majority of the treatments currently tested on hMPV have already demonstrated an activity againsthRSVinfections. Some innovative approaches based on RNAi nterference and on fusion inhibitors could be effective in hMPV disease. One of the biggest problems to develop an effective hMPV vaccine is the difficulty of inducing a durable immune response. Several strategies such as live attenuated viruses generated by reverse genetics or recombinant proteins have been tested in animals with encouraging results.
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Affiliation(s)
- France Feuillet
- CHU de Québec, CHUQ-CHUL, centre de recherche en infectiologie, 2705, boulevard Laurier, Sainte-Foy, Quebec G1V4G2, Canada, Université de Lyon, université Claude-Bernard-Lyon-I, hospices civils de Lyon, faculté de médecine RTH Laennec, laboratoire de virologie et pathologie humaine (VirPath), 7, rue Guillaume-Paradin, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Manuel Rosa-Calatrava
- Université de Lyon, université Claude-Bernard-Lyon-I, hospices civils de Lyon, faculté de médecine RTH Laennec, laboratoire de virologie et pathologie humaine (VirPath), 7, rue Guillaume-Paradin, 69372 Lyon, France
| | - Guy Boivin
- CHU de Québec, CHUQ-CHUL, centre de recherche en infectiologie, 2705, boulevard Laurier, Sainte-Foy, Quebec G1V4G2, Canada, Université de Lyon, université Claude-Bernard-Lyon-I, hospices civils de Lyon, faculté de médecine RTH Laennec, laboratoire de virologie et pathologie humaine (VirPath), 7, rue Guillaume-Paradin, 69372 Lyon, France
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Shatizadeh Malekshahi S, Mokhtari Azad T, Shahmahmoodi Sh, Yavarian J, Rezaei F, Naseri M. First report of respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus co-infection in a 2-year-old kawasaki patient in iran. Iran J Public Health 2010; 39:140-2. [PMID: 23113048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory virus infections in children are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. METHODS A total of 897 clinical specimens were collected from February 2007 to January 2008 and transported to the National Influenza Center. Two hundred and two samples belonged to children under the age of six from 897 specimens, described above, were selected. Then they were tested for influenza virus types and subtypes by real time PCR assay subsequently, the specimens were tested for RSV and hMPV by hemi-nested multiplex PCR and parainfluenza viruses type 1-4 by hemi-nested multiplex PCR and adenovirus by hemi-nested PCR. RESULTS The throat swab was taken from the Kawasaki case with the history of chicken's contact. The specimen was tested for all influenza subtypes especially H5N1 and the results were negative. Meanwhile PCR was done for screening of other respiratory viruses that results came out positive for RSV and hMPV. CONCLUSION In the present study, we demonstrated the possibility to detect dual infection caused by RSV and hMPV, but because of the extravagant pattern of this case, more investigation is suggested specially on Kawasaki patients.
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