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Poli MC, Vial C, Rey-Jurado E, González N, Cortés LJ, Hormazabal J, Ramírez-Riffo C, de la Cruz J, Ulloa C. A Third Dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccine Improves Immune Response in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11051012. [PMID: 37243116 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11051012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Vaccination in these patients is prioritized, and monitoring of the immune response is paramount to define further vaccination strategies. This prospective study included a cohort of 100 adult CKD patients: 48 with kidney transplant (KT) and 52 on hemodialysis without prior COVID-19. The patients were assessed for humoral and cellular immune responses after four months of an anti-SARS-CoV-2 primary two-dose vaccination scheme (CoronaVac or BNT162b2) and one month after a booster third dose of BNT162b2 vaccine. We identified poor cellular and humoral immune responses in the CKD patients after a primary vaccination scheme, and these responses were improved by a booster. Robust polyfunctional CD4+ T cell responses were observed in the KT patients after a booster, and this could be attributed to a higher proportion of the patients having been vaccinated with homologous BNT162b2 schemes. However, even after the booster, the KT patients exhibited lower neutralizing antibodies, attributable to specific immunosuppressive treatments. Four patients suffered severe COVID-19 despite three-dose vaccination, and all had low polyfunctional T-cell responses, underscoring the importance of this functional subset in viral protection. In conclusion, a booster dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in CKD patients improves the impaired humoral and cellular immune responses observed after a primary vaccination scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cecilia Poli
- Departamento de Pediatría, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago 7650568, Chile
- Programa de Inmunogenética e Inmunología Traslacional, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Cecilia Vial
- Programa Hantavirus y Zoonosis, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Emma Rey-Jurado
- Programa de Inmunogenética e Inmunología Traslacional, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Natalia González
- Programa de Inmunogenética e Inmunología Traslacional, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
- Programa Hantavirus y Zoonosis, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Lina Jimena Cortés
- Programa Hantavirus y Zoonosis, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Juan Hormazabal
- Programa Hantavirus y Zoonosis, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Carolina Ramírez-Riffo
- Programa Hantavirus y Zoonosis, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Javiera de la Cruz
- Programa de Inmunogenética e Inmunología Traslacional, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile
| | - Camilo Ulloa
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Unidad de Nefrología y Trasplante Renal, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago 7650568, Chile
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2
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Conte MI, Poli MC, Taglialatela A, Leuzzi G, Chinn IK, Salinas SA, Rey-Jurado E, Olivares N, Veramendi-Espinoza L, Ciccia A, Lupski JR, Aldave Becerra JC, Mace EM, Orange JS. Partial loss-of-function mutations in GINS4 lead to NK cell deficiency with neutropenia. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e154948. [PMID: 36345943 PMCID: PMC9675456 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human NK cell deficiency (NKD) is a primary immunodeficiency in which the main clinically relevant immunological defect involves missing or dysfunctional NK cells. Here, we describe a familial NKD case in which 2 siblings had a substantive NKD and neutropenia in the absence of other immune system abnormalities. Exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous variants in Go-Ichi-Ni-San (GINS) complex subunit 4 (GINS4, also known as SLD5), an essential component of the human replicative helicase, which we demonstrate to have a damaging impact upon the expression and assembly of the GINS complex. Cells derived from affected individuals and a GINS4-knockdown cell line demonstrate delayed cell cycle progression, without signs of improper DNA synthesis or increased replication stress. By modeling partial GINS4 depletion in differentiating NK cells in vitro, we demonstrate the causal relationship between the genotype and the NK cell phenotype, as well as a cell-intrinsic defect in NK cell development. Thus, biallelic partial loss-of-function mutations in GINS4 define a potentially novel disease-causing gene underlying NKD with neutropenia. Together with the previously described mutations in other helicase genes causing NKD, and with the mild defects observed in other human cells, these variants underscore the importance of this pathway in NK cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde I. Conte
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - M. Cecilia Poli
- Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Hospital Roberto del Rio, Santiago, Chile
| | - Angelo Taglialatela
- Department of Genetics and Development, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Giuseppe Leuzzi
- Department of Genetics and Development, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ivan K. Chinn
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sandra A. Salinas
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Emma Rey-Jurado
- Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nixa Olivares
- Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Liz Veramendi-Espinoza
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins, Lima, Peru
| | - Alberto Ciccia
- Department of Genetics and Development, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - James R. Lupski
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Emily M. Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jordan S. Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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3
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Rey-Jurado E, Espinosa Y, Astudillo C, Cortés LJ, Hormazabal J, Noguera L, Cofré F, Piñera C, González R, Bataszew A, Muñoz P, Benadof D, Álvarez P, Acevedo V, Vial P, Vial C, Poli MC. Deep immunophenotyping reveals biomarkers of MIS-C in a Latin American cohort. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:1074-1085.e11. [PMID: 36116582 PMCID: PMC9476361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a life-threatening disease that occurs 2-5 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 exposure and is characterized by severe multisystemic inflammation. Early recognition of MIS-C is key to prognosis, therefore establishing clinical and laboratory biomarkers that predict complications is urgently needed. Objective To characterize the immune response and clinical features of patients with acute MIS-C and determine biomarkers of disease in a cohort of 42 Latin American patients. Methods Immune characterization was performed using flow cytometry from peripheral mononuclear cells and SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular response was performed using flow cytometry, ELISPOT, ELISA and neutralizing antibody assays. Results MIS-C is characterized by robust T cell activation and cytokine storm. We uncovered that while CXCL9, IL-10, CXCL8, CXCL10, IL-6 and IL-18 are significantly elevated in patients with shock, while CCL5 was increased in milder disease. Monocyte dysregulation was specifically associated to Kawasaki-like MIS-C. Interestingly, MIS-C patients show an NK cell degranulation defect that is persistent after 6 months of disease presentation, suggesting it could underlie disease susceptibility. Most MIS-C had gastrointestinal involvement and higher levels of neopterin were identified in their stools, potentially representing a biomarker of intestinal inflammation in MIS-C. SARS-CoV2-specific cellular response and neutralizing antibodies were identifiable in convalescent MIS-C patients suggesting sustained immunity. Conclusion Clinical characterization and comprehensive immunophenotyping of Chilean MIS-C cohort provide valuable insights in understanding immune dysregulation in MIS-C and identify relevant biomarkers of disease that could be used to predict severity and organ involvement. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS STATEMENT MIS-C is distinguished by cytokine storm and decreased NK cell degranulation that is persistent after 6 months. Distinct biomarkers were identified for severe and mild forms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Rey-Jurado
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; Programa de Inmunogenética y Inmunología Traslacional. Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yazmin Espinosa
- Unidad de Inmunología y Reumatología, Hospital Roberto del Río, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camila Astudillo
- Unidad de Inmunología y Reumatología, Hospital Roberto del Río, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lina Jimena Cortés
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; Programa de Hantavirus y Zoonosis, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Hormazabal
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; Programa de Hantavirus y Zoonosis, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loreani Noguera
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; Programa de Inmunogenética y Inmunología Traslacional. Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda Cofré
- Unidad de Infectología, Hospital Roberto del Río, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Piñera
- Hospital Exequiel González Cortés, Santiago, Chile; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Alexander Bataszew
- Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos, Hospital Roberto del Río, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Muñoz
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dona Benadof
- Unidad de Infectología, Hospital Roberto del Río, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Álvarez
- Unidad de Inmunología y Reumatología, Hospital Roberto del Río, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valeria Acevedo
- Unidad de Inmunología y Reumatología, Hospital Roberto del Río, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Vial
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; Programa de Hantavirus y Zoonosis, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Vial
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; Programa de Hantavirus y Zoonosis, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Cecilia Poli
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; Programa de Inmunogenética y Inmunología Traslacional. Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; Unidad de Inmunología y Reumatología, Hospital Roberto del Río, Santiago, Chile.
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4
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Carmona-Rivera C, Zhang Y, Dobbs K, Markowitz TE, Dalgard CL, Oler AJ, Claybaugh DR, Draper D, Truong M, Delmonte OM, Licciardi F, Ramenghi U, Crescenzio N, Imberti L, Sottini A, Quaresima V, Fiorini C, Discepolo V, Lo Vecchio A, Guarino A, Pierri L, Catzola A, Biondi A, Bonfanti P, Poli Harlowe MC, Espinosa Y, Astudillo C, Rey-Jurado E, Vial C, de la Cruz J, Gonzalez R, Pinera C, Mays JW, Ng A, Platt A, Drolet B, Moon J, Cowen EW, Kenney H, Weber SE, Castagnoli R, Magliocco M, Stack MA, Montealegre G, Barron K, Fink DL, Kuhns DB, Hewitt SM, Arkin LM, Chertow DS, Su HC, Notarangelo LD, Kaplan MJ. Multicenter analysis of neutrophil extracellular trap dysregulation in adult and pediatric COVID-19. JCI Insight 2022; 7:160332. [PMID: 35852866 PMCID: PMC9534551 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation in neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and degradation may play a role in the pathogenesis and severity of COVID-19; however, its role in the pediatric manifestations of this disease, including multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and chilblain-like lesions (CLLs), otherwise known as “COVID toes,” remains unclear. Studying multinational cohorts, we found that, in CLLs, NETs were significantly increased in serum and skin. There was geographic variability in the prevalence of increased NETs in MIS-C, in association with disease severity. MIS-C and CLL serum samples displayed decreased NET degradation ability, in association with C1q and G-actin or anti-NET antibodies, respectively, but not with genetic variants of DNases. In adult COVID-19, persistent elevations in NETs after disease diagnosis were detected but did not occur in asymptomatic infection. COVID-19–affected adults displayed significant prevalence of impaired NET degradation, in association with anti-DNase1L3, G-actin, and specific disease manifestations, but not with genetic variants of DNases. NETs were detected in many organs of adult patients who died from COVID-19 complications. Infection with the Omicron variant was associated with decreased NET levels when compared with other SARS-CoV-2 strains. These data support a role for NETs in the pathogenesis and severity of COVID-19 in pediatric and adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Carmona-Rivera
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
| | - Yu Zhang
- Human Immunological Diseases Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); and
| | | | | | - Clifton L. Dalgard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, School of Medicine, and the American Genome Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew J. Oler
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dillon R. Claybaugh
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ugo Ramenghi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences and
| | - Nicoletta Crescenzio
- Pediatric Hematology, “Regina Margherita” Children Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luisa Imberti
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-oncologica AIL, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sottini
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-oncologica AIL, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Virginia Quaresima
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-oncologica AIL, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorini
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-oncologica AIL, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Valentina Discepolo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatric Section, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Lo Vecchio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatric Section, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Guarino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatric Section, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Pierri
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatric Section, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Catzola
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatric Section, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, European Reference Network (ERN) PaedCan, EuroBloodNet, MetabERN, Fondazione MBBM/Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonfanti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital–University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria C. Poli Harlowe
- Programa de Inmunogenética e Inmunología Traslacional, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Hospital Roberto del Rio, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Emma Rey-Jurado
- Programa de Inmunogenética e Inmunología Traslacional, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Vial
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Programa Hantavirus, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera de la Cruz
- Programa de Inmunogenética e Inmunología Traslacional, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Gonzalez
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Exequiel Gonzalez Cortés, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Pinera
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Dr. Exequiel González Cortés, Región Metropolitana, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jacqueline W. Mays
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashley Ng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Andrew Platt
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, and Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Beth Drolet
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - John Moon
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Mary Magliocco
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID; and
| | - Michael A. Stack
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID; and
| | - Gina Montealegre
- Division of Clinical Research, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Karyl Barron
- Division of Clinical Research, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Danielle L. Fink
- Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick and National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Douglas B. Kuhns
- Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick and National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Stephen M. Hewitt
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lisa M. Arkin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Daniel S. Chertow
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, and Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Helen C. Su
- Human Immunological Diseases Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); and
| | | | - Mariana J. Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
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5
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Sacco K, Castagnoli R, Vakkilainen S, Liu C, Delmonte OM, Oguz C, Kaplan IM, Alehashemi S, Burbelo PD, Bhuyan F, de Jesus AA, Dobbs K, Rosen LB, Cheng A, Shaw E, Vakkilainen MS, Pala F, Lack J, Zhang Y, Fink DL, Oikonomou V, Snow AL, Dalgard CL, Chen J, Sellers BA, Montealegre Sanchez GA, Barron K, Rey-Jurado E, Vial C, Poli MC, Licari A, Montagna D, Marseglia GL, Licciardi F, Ramenghi U, Discepolo V, Lo Vecchio A, Guarino A, Eisenstein EM, Imberti L, Sottini A, Biondi A, Mató S, Gerstbacher D, Truong M, Stack MA, Magliocco M, Bosticardo M, Kawai T, Danielson JJ, Hulett T, Askenazi M, Hu S, Cohen JI, Su HC, Kuhns DB, Lionakis MS, Snyder TM, Holland SM, Goldbach-Mansky R, Tsang JS, Notarangelo LD. Immunopathological signatures in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and pediatric COVID-19. Nat Med 2022; 28:1050-1062. [PMID: 35177862 PMCID: PMC9119950 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01724-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric Coronavirus Disease 2019 (pCOVID-19) is rarely severe; however, a minority of children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) might develop multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), with substantial morbidity. In this longitudinal multi-institutional study, we applied multi-omics (analysis of soluble biomarkers, proteomics, single-cell gene expression and immune repertoire analysis) to profile children with COVID-19 (n = 110) and MIS-C (n = 76), along with pediatric healthy controls (pHCs; n = 76). pCOVID-19 was characterized by robust type I interferon (IFN) responses, whereas prominent type II IFN-dependent and NF-κB-dependent signatures, matrisome activation and increased levels of circulating spike protein were detected in MIS-C, with no correlation with SARS-CoV-2 PCR status around the time of admission. Transient expansion of TRBV11-2 T cell clonotypes in MIS-C was associated with signatures of inflammation and T cell activation. The association of MIS-C with the combination of HLA A*02, B*35 and C*04 alleles suggests genetic susceptibility. MIS-C B cells showed higher mutation load than pCOVID-19 and pHC. These results identify distinct immunopathological signatures in pCOVID-19 and MIS-C that might help better define the pathophysiology of these disorders and guide therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Sacco
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Riccardo Castagnoli
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Svetlana Vakkilainen
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Can Liu
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ottavia M Delmonte
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cihan Oguz
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (NCBR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | - Sara Alehashemi
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter D Burbelo
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Farzana Bhuyan
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adriana A de Jesus
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kerry Dobbs
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lindsey B Rosen
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aristine Cheng
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elana Shaw
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Francesca Pala
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Justin Lack
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (NCBR), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danielle L Fink
- Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Vasileios Oikonomou
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew L Snow
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clifton L Dalgard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- The American Genome Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jinguo Chen
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian A Sellers
- Trans-NIH Center for Human Immunology, Autoimmunity, and Inflammation (CHI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gina A Montealegre Sanchez
- Intramural Clinical Management and Operation Branch (ICMOB), Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karyl Barron
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emma Rey-Jurado
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Vial
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maria Cecilia Poli
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Unidad de Inmunología y Reumatología, Hospital de niños Dr. Roberto del Río, Santiago, Chile
| | - Amelia Licari
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Montagna
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Laboratory of Immunology and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Pediatric Clinic, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Licciardi
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, A.O.U. Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ugo Ramenghi
- Department of Pediatric and Public Health Sciences, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, A.O.U. Città Della Salute E Della Scienza Di Torino, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Discepolo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Andrea Lo Vecchio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alfredo Guarino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy
| | - Eli M Eisenstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Luisa Imberti
- CREA Laboratory (AIL Center for Hemato-Oncologic Research), Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sottini
- CREA Laboratory (AIL Center for Hemato-Oncologic Research), Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Pediatric Department and Centro Tettamanti-European Reference Network PaedCan, EuroBloodNet, MetabERN, University of Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Sayonara Mató
- Randall Children's Hospital at Legacy Emanuel, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Dana Gerstbacher
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Stanford Children's Hospital, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Meng Truong
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Stack
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mary Magliocco
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marita Bosticardo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tomoki Kawai
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Danielson
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tyler Hulett
- CDI Laboratories, Antygen Division, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Shaohui Hu
- CDI Laboratories, Antygen Division, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Cohen
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Helen C Su
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Douglas B Kuhns
- Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Michail S Lionakis
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Steven M Holland
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John S Tsang
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- NIH Center for Human Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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6
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Burbelo PD, Castagnoli R, Shimizu C, Delmonte OM, Dobbs K, Discepolo V, Lo Vecchio A, Guarino A, Licciardi F, Ramenghi U, Rey-Jurado E, Vial C, Marseglia GL, Licari A, Montagna D, Rossi C, Montealegre Sanchez GA, Barron K, Warner BM, Chiorini JA, Espinosa Y, Noguera L, Dropulic L, Truong M, Gerstbacher D, Mató S, Kanegaye J, Tremoulet AH, Eisenstein EM, Su HC, Imberti L, Poli MC, Burns JC, Notarangelo LD, Cohen JI. Autoantibodies Against Proteins Previously Associated With Autoimmunity in Adult and Pediatric Patients With COVID-19 and Children With MIS-C. Front Immunol 2022; 13:841126. [PMID: 35360001 PMCID: PMC8962198 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.841126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The antibody profile against autoantigens previously associated with autoimmune diseases and other human proteins in patients with COVID-19 or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) remains poorly defined. Here we show that 30% of adults with COVID-19 had autoantibodies against the lung antigen KCNRG, and 34% had antibodies to the SLE-associated Smith-D3 protein. Children with COVID-19 rarely had autoantibodies; one of 59 children had GAD65 autoantibodies associated with acute onset of insulin-dependent diabetes. While autoantibodies associated with SLE/Sjögren's syndrome (Ro52, Ro60, and La) and/or autoimmune gastritis (gastric ATPase) were detected in 74% (40/54) of MIS-C patients, further analysis of these patients and of children with Kawasaki disease (KD), showed that the administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was largely responsible for detection of these autoantibodies in both groups of patients. Monitoring in vivo decay of the autoantibodies in MIS-C children showed that the IVIG-derived Ro52, Ro60, and La autoantibodies declined to undetectable levels by 45-60 days, but gastric ATPase autoantibodies declined more slowly requiring >100 days until undetectable. Further testing of IgG and/or IgA antibodies against a subset of potential targets identified by published autoantigen array studies of MIS-C failed to detect autoantibodies against most (16/18) of these proteins in patients with MIS-C who had not received IVIG. However, Troponin C2 and KLHL12 autoantibodies were detected in 2 of 20 and 1 of 20 patients with MIS-C, respectively. Overall, these results suggest that IVIG therapy may be a confounding factor in autoantibody measurements in MIS-C and that antibodies against antigens associated with autoimmune diseases or other human proteins are uncommon in MIS-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Burbelo
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Riccardo Castagnoli
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Chisato Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ottavia M Delmonte
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kerry Dobbs
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Valentina Discepolo
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Lo Vecchio
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Guarino
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Licciardi
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, "Regina Margherita" Children's Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ugo Ramenghi
- Division of Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, "Regina Margherita" Children's Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Emma Rey-Jurado
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina (ICIM), Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Vial
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina (ICIM), Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Amelia Licari
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniela Montagna
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Camillo Rossi
- Direzione Sanitaria, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gina A Montealegre Sanchez
- Intramural Clinical Management and Operations Branch (ICMOB), Division of Clinical Research NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Karyl Barron
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Blake M Warner
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John A Chiorini
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Loreani Noguera
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina (ICIM), Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lesia Dropulic
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Meng Truong
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dana Gerstbacher
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Stanford Children's Hospital, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Sayonara Mató
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Randall Children's Hospital at Legacy Emanuel, Portland, OR, United States
| | - John Kanegaye
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Adriana H Tremoulet
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | | | - Eli M Eisenstein
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Helen C Su
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Luisa Imberti
- CREA Laboratory, Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Cecilia Poli
- Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina (ICIM), Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.,Hospital Roberto del Río, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jane C Burns
- Department of Pediatrics, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jeffrey I Cohen
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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7
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Carmona-Rivera C, Zhang Y, Dobbs K, Markowitz TE, Dalgard CL, Oler AJ, Claybaugh DR, Draper D, Truong M, Delmonte OM, Licciardi F, Ramenghi U, Crescenzio N, Imberti L, Sottini A, Quaresima V, Fiorini C, Discepolo V, Lo Vecchio A, Guarino A, Pierri L, Catzola A, Biondi A, Bonfanti P, Poli Harlowe MC, Espinosa Y, Astudillo C, Rey-Jurado E, Vial C, de la Cruz J, Gonzalez R, Pinera C, Mays JW, Ng A, Platt A, Drolet B, Moon J, Cowen EW, Kenney H, Weber SE, Castagnoli R, Magliocco M, Stack MA, Montealegre G, Barron K, Hewitt SM, Arkin LM, Chertow DS, Su HC, Notarangelo LD, Kaplan MJ. Multicenter analysis of neutrophil extracellular trap dysregulation in adult and pediatric COVID-19. medRxiv 2022:2022.02.24.22271475. [PMID: 35262093 PMCID: PMC8902885 DOI: 10.1101/2022.02.24.22271475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation in neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation and degradation may play a role in the pathogenesis and severity of COVID-19; however, its role in the pediatric manifestations of this disease including MIS-C and chilblain-like lesions (CLL), otherwise known as "COVID toes", remains unclear. Studying multinational cohorts, we found that, in CLL, NETs were significantly increased in serum and skin. There was geographic variability in the prevalence of increased NETs in MIS-C, in association with disease severity. MIS-C and CLL serum samples displayed decreased NET degradation ability, in association with C1q and G-actin or anti-NET antibodies, respectively, but not with genetic variants of DNases. In adult COVID-19, persistent elevations in NETs post-disease diagnosis were detected but did not occur in asymptomatic infection. COVID-19-affected adults displayed significant prevalence of impaired NET degradation, in association with anti-DNase1L3, G-actin, and specific disease manifestations, but not with genetic variants of DNases. NETs were detected in many organs of adult patients who died from COVID-19 complications. Infection with the Omicron variant was associated with decreased levels of NETs when compared to other SARS-CoV-2 strains. These data support a role for NETs in the pathogenesis and severity of COVID-19 in pediatric and adult patients. Summary NET formation and degradation are dysregulated in pediatric and symptomatic adult patients with various complications of COVID-19, in association with disease severity. NET degradation impairments are multifactorial and associated with natural inhibitors of DNase 1, G-actin and anti-DNase1L3 and anti-NET antibodies. Infection with the Omicron variant is associated with decreased levels of NETs when compared to other SARS-CoV-2 strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Carmona-Rivera
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yu Zhang
- Human Immunological Diseases Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Tovah E. Markowitz
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD
- Axle Informatics, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clifton L. Dalgard
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD and The American Genome Center, USUHS, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J. Oler
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, Office of Cyber Infrastructure and Computational Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Dillon R. Claybaugh
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Francesco Licciardi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, “Regina Margherita” Children’s Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ugo Ramenghi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, “Regina Margherita” Children’s Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Crescenzio
- Pediatric Hematology, “Regina Margherita” Children Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luisa Imberti
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-oncologica AIL (CREA), Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sottini
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-oncologica AIL (CREA), Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Virginia Quaresima
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-oncologica AIL (CREA), Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Fiorini
- Centro di Ricerca Emato-oncologica AIL (CREA), Diagnostic Department, ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Valentina Discepolo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatric Section, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Lo Vecchio
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatric Section, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Guarino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatric Section, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Pierri
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatric Section, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Catzola
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Pediatric Section, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, European Reference Network (ERN) PaedCan, EuroBloodNet, MetabERN, Fondazione MBBM/Ospedale San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonfanti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital–University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Maria Cecilia Poli Harlowe
- Programa de Inmunogenética e Inmunología Traslacional, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Hospital Roberto del Rio, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Emma Rey-Jurado
- Programa de Inmunogenética e Inmunología Traslacional, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Vial
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Programa Hantavirus, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera de la Cruz
- Programa de Inmunogenética e Inmunología Traslacional, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Gonzalez
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Exequiel Gonzalez Cortés, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cecilia Pinera
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Dr. Exequiel González Cortés, Región Metropolitana, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jacqueline W. Mays
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ashley Ng
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrew Platt
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, and Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Beth Drolet
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John Moon
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Edward W. Cowen
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karyl Barron
- Division of Clinical Research, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Stephen M. Hewitt
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lisa M. Arkin
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Daniel S. Chertow
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, and Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Helen C. Su
- Human Immunological Diseases Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology (LCIM), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Mariana J. Kaplan
- Systemic Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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8
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Concha S, Rey-Jurado E, Poli MC, Hoyos-Bachiloglu R, Borzutzky A. Refractory systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis successfully treated with rapamycin. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:e250-e251. [PMID: 33547778 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Concha
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pediatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Emma Rey-Jurado
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo.,Program of Immunogenetics and Translational Immunology, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Cecilia Poli
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo.,Program of Immunogenetics and Translational Immunology, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.,Texas Children's Hospital, Section of Pediatric Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rodrigo Hoyos-Bachiloglu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pediatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Arturo Borzutzky
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pediatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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9
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Rey-Jurado E, Bohmwald K, Gálvez NMS, Becerra D, Porcelli SA, Carreño LJ, Kalergis AM. Contribution of NKT cells to the immune response and pathogenesis triggered by respiratory viruses. Virulence 2021; 11:580-593. [PMID: 32463330 PMCID: PMC7549913 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1770492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) cause acute respiratory tract infections in children worldwide. Natural killer T (NKT) cells are unconventional T lymphocytes, and their TCRs recognize glycolipids bound to the MHC-I-like molecule, CD1d. These cells modulate the inflammatory response in viral infections. Here, we evaluated the contribution of NKT cells in both hRSV and hMPV infections. A significant decrease in the number of neutrophils, eosinophils, and CD103+DCs infiltrating to the lungs, as well as an increased production of IFN-γ, were observed upon hRSV-infection in CD1d-deficient BALB/c mice, as compared to wild-type control mice. However, this effect was not observed in the CD1d-deficient BALB/c group, upon infection with hMPV. Importantly, reduced expression of CD1d in CD11b+ DCs and epithelial cells was found in hRSV -but not hMPV-infected mice. Besides, a reduction in the expression of CD1d in alveolar macrophages of lungs from hRSV- and hMPV-infected mice was found. Such reduction of CD1d expression interfered with NKT cells activation, and consequently IL-2 secretion, as characterized by in vitro experiments for both hRSV and hMPV infections. Furthermore, increased numbers of NKT cells recruited to the lungs in response to hRSV- but not hMPV-infection was detected, resulting in a reduction in the expression of IFN-γ and IL-2 by these cells. In conclusion, both hRSV and hMPV might be differently impairing NKT cells function and contributing to the immune response triggered by these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Rey-Jurado
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Karen Bohmwald
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás M S Gálvez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Becerra
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Steven A Porcelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Leandro J Carreño
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
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Abarca K, Rey-Jurado E, Muñoz-Durango N, Vázquez Y, Soto JA, Gálvez NM, Valdés-Ferrada J, Iturriaga C, Urzúa M, Borzutzky A, Cerda J, Villarroel L, Madrid V, González PA, González-Aramundiz JV, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. Safety and immunogenicity evaluation of recombinant BCG vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase I clinical trial. EClinicalMedicine 2020; 27:100517. [PMID: 33073219 PMCID: PMC7548429 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is responsible for most respiratory tract infections and hospitalizations in infants and represents a significant economic burden for public health. The development of a safe, effective, and affordable vaccine is a priority for the WHO. METHODS We conducted a double-blinded, escalating-dose phase 1 clinical trial in healthy males aged 18-50 years to evaluate safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccine expressing the nucleoprotein of RSV (rBCG-N-hRSV). Once inclusion criteria were met, volunteers were enrolled in three cohorts in an open and successive design. Each cohort included six volunteers vaccinated with 5 × 103, 5 × 104, or 1 × 105 CFU, as well as two volunteers vaccinated with the full dose of the standard BCG vaccine. This clinical trial (clinicaltrials.gov NCT03213405) was conducted in Santiago, Chile. FINDINGS The rBCG-N-RSV vaccine was safe, well-tolerated, and no serious adverse events related to the vaccine were recorded. Serum IgG-antibodies directed against Mycobacterium and the N-protein of RSV increased after vaccination, which were capable of neutralizing RSV in vitro. Additionally, all volunteers displayed increased cellular response consisting of IFN-γ and IL-2 production against PPD and the N-protein, starting at day 14 and 30 post-vaccination respectively. INTERPRETATION The rBCG-N-hRSV vaccine had a good safety profile and induced specific cellular and humoral responses. FUNDING This work was supported by Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy from Chile (P09/016), FONDECYT 1190830, and FONDEF D11E1098.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Abarca
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins No. 340, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátricas, División de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Corresponding authors at: Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins No. 340, Santiago 8331010, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Emma Rey-Jurado
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins No. 340, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Muñoz-Durango
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins No. 340, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yaneisi Vázquez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins No. 340, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge A. Soto
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins No. 340, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás M.S. Gálvez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins No. 340, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javier Valdés-Ferrada
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins No. 340, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Iturriaga
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins No. 340, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátricas, División de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Urzúa
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins No. 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Arturo Borzutzky
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins No. 340, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Enfermedades Infecciosas e Inmunología Pediátricas, División de Pediatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Cerda
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Villarroel
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Victoria Madrid
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins No. 340, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A. González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins No. 340, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José V. González-Aramundiz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins No. 340, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins No. 340, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Corresponding authors at: Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins No. 340, Santiago 8331010, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins No. 340, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Corresponding authors at: Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins No. 340, Santiago 8331010, Santiago, Chile.
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Rey-Jurado E, Bohmwald K, Correa HG, Kalergis AM. TCR Repertoire Characterization for T Cells Expanded in Response to hRSV Infection in Mice Immunized with a Recombinant BCG Vaccine. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020233. [PMID: 32093256 PMCID: PMC7077260 DOI: 10.3390/v12020233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells play an essential role in the immune response against the human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV). It has been described that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells can contribute to the clearance of the virus during an infection. However, for some individuals, such an immune response can lead to an exacerbated and detrimental inflammatory response with high recruitment of neutrophils to the lungs. The receptor of most T cells is a heterodimer consisting of α and β chains (αβTCR) that upon antigen engagement induces the activation of these cells. The αβTCR molecule displays a broad sequence diversity that defines the T cell repertoire of an individual. In our laboratory, a recombinant Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine expressing the nucleoprotein (N) of hRSV (rBCG-N-hRSV) was developed. Such a vaccine induces T cells with a Th1 polarized phenotype that promote the clearance of hRSV infection without causing inflammatory lung damage. Importantly, as part of this work, the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of T cells expanded after hRSV infection in naïve and rBCG-N-hRSV-immunized mice was characterized. A more diverse TCR repertoire was observed in the lungs from rBCG-N-hRSV-immunized as compared to unimmunized hRSV-infected mice, suggesting that vaccination with the recombinant rBCG-N-hRSV vaccine triggers the expansion of T cell populations that recognize more viral epitopes. Furthermore, differential expansion of certain TCRVβ chains was found for hRSV infection (TCRVβ+8.3 and TCRVβ+5.1,5.2) as compared to rBCG-N-hRSV vaccination (TCRVβ+11 and TCRVβ+12). Our findings contribute to better understanding the T cell response during hRSV infection, as well as the functioning of a vaccine that induces a protective T cell immunity against this virus.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- BCG Vaccine/genetics
- BCG Vaccine/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Immunity, Cellular
- Lung/immunology
- Lung/virology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nucleocapsid Proteins/administration & dosage
- Nucleocapsid Proteins/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/classification
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/virology
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/genetics
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/immunology
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Rey-Jurado
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile; (E.R.-J.); (K.B.); (H.G.C.)
| | - Karen Bohmwald
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile; (E.R.-J.); (K.B.); (H.G.C.)
| | - Hernán G. Correa
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile; (E.R.-J.); (K.B.); (H.G.C.)
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile; (E.R.-J.); (K.B.); (H.G.C.)
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Escuela de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331010, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2-6862846
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12
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Osorio H, Jara C, Fuenzalida K, Rey-Jurado E, Vásquez M. High-efficiency nuclear transformation of the microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica using Tn5 Transposome for the generation of altered lipid accumulation phenotypes. Biotechnol Biofuels 2019; 12:134. [PMID: 31168324 PMCID: PMC6545213 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1475-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the major problems in the production of lipids for biotechnological purposes using microalgae is maintaining a high productivity of these molecules without reducing cellular biomass. High production rates are usually obtained by cultivating microalgae under different stress conditions. However, many of these changes usually result in lower biomass productivity. Therefore, the optimization of the culture conditions and genetic modification techniques in these organisms is needed to generate robust new strains for profitable economic use. RESULTS In this work, we describe a new strategy for random mutation of genomic DNA in the microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica by insertion of a Transposome complex Tn5. This complex contains an antibiotic-resistance cassette commanded by a CMV viral promoter that allows high efficiency of transformation and the generation of mutants. This strategy, complemented with a large-scale identification and selection system for mutants, such as flow cytometry with cell selection, allowed us to obtain clonal cultures of mutants with altered phenotypes in the accumulation of intracellular lipids. The characterization of some of these mutants uncovered new genes that are likely to be involved in the regulation of lipid synthesis, revealing possible cellular responses that influence the intracellular homeostasis of lipids. CONCLUSION The strategies proposed here are easy to implement in different types of microalgae and provide a promising scenario for improving biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Osorio
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carol Jara
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Karen Fuenzalida
- Departamento de Fisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Emma Rey-Jurado
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica Vásquez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O´Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile
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13
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Soto JA, Gálvez NMS, Rivera CA, Palavecino CE, Céspedes PF, Rey-Jurado E, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. Recombinant BCG Vaccines Reduce Pneumovirus-Caused Airway Pathology by Inducing Protective Humoral Immunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2875. [PMID: 30581437 PMCID: PMC6293239 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (hRSV) and the Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) are two pneumoviruses that are leading agents causing acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs) affecting young infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients worldwide. Since these pathogens were first discovered, many approaches for the licensing of safe and effective vaccines have been explored being unsuccessful to date. We have previously described that immunization with recombinant strains of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (rBCG) expressing the hRSV nucleoprotein (rBCG-N) or the hMPV phosphoprotein (rBCG-P) induced immune protection against each respective virus. These vaccines efficiently promoted viral clearance without significant lung damage, mainly through the induction of a T helper 1 cellular immunity. Here we show that upon viral challenge, rBCG-immunized mice developed a protective humoral immunity, characterized by production of antibodies specific for most hRSV and hMPV proteins. Further, isotype switching from IgG1 to IgG2a was observed in mice immunized with rBCG vaccines and correlated with an increased viral clearance, as compared to unimmunized animals. Finally, sera obtained from animals immunized with rBCG vaccines and infected with their respective viruses exhibited virus neutralizing capacity and protected naïve mice from viral replication and pulmonary disease. These results support the notion that the use of rBCG strains could be considered as an effective vaccination approach against other respiratory viruses with similar biology as hRSV and hMPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Soto
- Departamento de Genética Moleculary Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás M S Gálvez
- Departamento de Genética Moleculary Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A Rivera
- Departamento de Genética Moleculary Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christian E Palavecino
- Departamento de Genética Moleculary Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo F Céspedes
- Departamento de Genética Moleculary Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Emma Rey-Jurado
- Departamento de Genética Moleculary Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Departamento de Genética Moleculary Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Departamento de Genética Moleculary Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Rey-Jurado E, Pizarro-Ortega MS, Kalergis AM. Insights on the crosstalk between dendritic cells and helper T cells in novel genetic etiology for mendelian susceptible mycobacterial disease. Cell Mol Immunol 2018; 15:1091-1094. [PMID: 30405151 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-018-0177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Rey-Jurado
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330644, Chile
| | - Magdalena S Pizarro-Ortega
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330644, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330644, Chile. .,Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, 8330644, Chile.
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Muñoz-Durango N, Pizarro-Ortega MS, Rey-Jurado E, Díaz FE, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. Patterns of antibody response during natural hRSV infection: insights for the development of new antibody-based therapies. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2018; 27:721-731. [PMID: 30111181 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2018.1511699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the main cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in susceptible population worldwide, such as young children and the elderly. Although hRSV is a major public health burden, there are no licensed vaccines and the only available therapy is palivizumab. During life, reinfections with hRSV are common, suggesting that the virus can impair the development of an efficient host immune response. This feature has hindered the development of efficient therapies. AREAS COVERED This article focuses on research about the natural development of antibodies in humans after the exposure to hRSV. The difficulties of developing anti-hRSV therapies based on monoclonal antibodies have been recently associated to the relationship between the disease outcome and the pattern of antibody response. EXPERT OPINION Development of monoclonal antibodies is a potentially successful approach to prevent the population from suffering severe respiratory diseases caused by hRSV infection, for which there are no available vaccines. Although the use of palivizumab is safe, its effectiveness is controversial. Recent data have prompted research to develop therapies targeting alternative viral antigens, rather than focusing only on the F protein, as well as the development of antibodies with a cell-mediated function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Muñoz-Durango
- a Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Magdalena S Pizarro-Ortega
- a Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Emma Rey-Jurado
- a Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Fabián E Díaz
- a Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- a Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- a Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,b Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
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Rey-Jurado E, Tapia F, Muñoz-Durango N, Lay MK, Carreño LJ, Riedel CA, Bueno SM, Genzel Y, Kalergis AM. Assessing the Importance of Domestic Vaccine Manufacturing Centers: An Overview of Immunization Programs, Vaccine Manufacture, and Distribution. Front Immunol 2018; 9:26. [PMID: 29403503 PMCID: PMC5778105 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccines have significantly reduced the detrimental effects of numerous human infectious diseases worldwide, helped to reduce drastically child mortality rates and even achieved eradication of major pathogens, such as smallpox. These achievements have been possible due to a dedicated effort for vaccine research and development, as well as an effective transfer of these vaccines to public health care systems globally. Either public or private institutions have committed to developing and manufacturing vaccines for local or international population supply. However, current vaccine manufacturers worldwide might not be able to guarantee sufficient vaccine supplies for all nations when epidemics or pandemics events could take place. Currently, different countries produce their own vaccine supplies under Good Manufacturing Practices, which include the USA, Canada, China, India, some nations in Europe and South America, such as Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, France, Argentina, and Brazil, respectively. Here, we discuss some of the vaccine programs and manufacturing capacities, comparing the current models of vaccine management between industrialized and developing countries. Because local vaccine production undoubtedly provides significant benefits for the respective population, the manufacture capacity of these prophylactic products should be included in every country as a matter of national safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Rey-Jurado
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Tapia
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Muñoz-Durango
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Margarita K. Lay
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - Leandro J. Carreño
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A. Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M. Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yvonne Genzel
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Alexis M. Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Canedo-Marroquín G, Acevedo-Acevedo O, Rey-Jurado E, Saavedra JM, Lay MK, Bueno SM, Riedel CA, Kalergis AM. Modulation of Host Immunity by Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Virulence Factors: A Synergic Inhibition of Both Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:367. [PMID: 28861397 PMCID: PMC5561764 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (hRSV) is a major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) and high rates of hospitalizations in children and in the elderly worldwide. Symptoms of hRSV infection include bronchiolitis and pneumonia. The lung pathology observed during hRSV infection is due in part to an exacerbated host immune response, characterized by immune cell infiltration to the lungs. HRSV is an enveloped virus, a member of the Pneumoviridae family, with a non-segmented genome and negative polarity-single RNA that contains 10 genes encoding for 11 proteins. These include the Fusion protein (F), the Glycoprotein (G), and the Small Hydrophobic (SH) protein, which are located on the virus surface. In addition, the Nucleoprotein (N), Phosphoprotein (P) large polymerase protein (L) part of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex, the M2-1 protein as a transcription elongation factor, the M2-2 protein as a regulator of viral transcription and (M) protein all of which locate inside the virion. Apart from the structural proteins, the hRSV genome encodes for the non-structural 1 and 2 proteins (NS1 and NS2). HRSV has developed different strategies to evade the host immunity by means of the function of some of these proteins that work as virulence factors to improve the infection in the lung tissue. Also, hRSV NS-1 and NS-2 proteins have been shown to inhibit the activation of the type I interferon response. Furthermore, the hRSV nucleoprotein has been shown to inhibit the immunological synapsis between the dendritic cells and T cells during infection, resulting in an inefficient T cell activation. Here, we discuss the hRSV virulence factors and the host immunological features raised during infection with this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Canedo-Marroquín
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Orlando Acevedo-Acevedo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Emma Rey-Jurado
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Juan M Saavedra
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Margarita K Lay
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile.,Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de AntofagastaAntofagasta, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Medicina, Universidad Andres Bello, Millennium Institute on Immunology and ImmunotherapySantiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile.,Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile
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Rey-Jurado E, Soto J, Gálvez N, Kalergis AM. A safe and efficient BCG vectored vaccine to prevent the disease caused by the human Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13:2092-2097. [PMID: 28598702 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2017.1334026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (hRSV) causes lower respiratory tract infections including pneumonia and bronchiolitis. Such infections also cause a large number of hospitalizations and affects mainly newborns, young children and the elderly worldwide. Symptoms associated with hRSV infection are due to an exacerbated immune response characterized by low levels of IFN-γ, recruitment of neutrophils and eosinophils to the site of infection and lung damage. Although hRSV is a major health problem, no vaccines are currently available. Different immunization approaches have been developed to achieve a vaccine that activates the immune system, without triggering an unbalanced inflammation. These approaches include live attenuated vaccine, DNA or proteins technologies, and the use of vectors to express proteins of the virus. In this review, we discuss the host immune response to hRSV and the immunological mechanisms underlying an effective and safe BCG vectored vaccine against hRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Rey-Jurado
- a Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Jorge Soto
- a Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Nicolás Gálvez
- a Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- a Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,b Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina , Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
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Céspedes PF, Rey-Jurado E, Espinoza JA, Rivera CA, Canedo-Marroquín G, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. A single, low dose of a cGMP recombinant BCG vaccine elicits protective T cell immunity against the human respiratory syncytial virus infection and prevents lung pathology in mice. Vaccine 2017; 35:757-766. [PMID: 28065474 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is a major health burden worldwide, causing the majority of hospitalizations in children under two years old due to bronchiolitis and pneumonia. HRSV causes year-to-year outbreaks of disease, which also affects the elderly and immunocompromised adults. Furthermore, both hRSV morbidity and epidemics are explained by a consistently high rate of re-infections that take place throughout the patient life. Although significant efforts have been invested worldwide, currently there are no licensed vaccines to prevent hRSV infection. Here, we describe that a recombinant Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine expressing the nucleoprotein (N) of hRSV formulated under current good manufacture practices (cGMP rBCG-N-hRSV) confers protective immunity to the virus in mice. Our results show that a single dose of the GMP rBCG-N-hRSV vaccine retains its capacity to protect mice against a challenge with a disease-causing infection of 1×107 plaque-forming units (PFUs) of the hRSV A2 clinical strain 13018-8. Compared to unimmunized infected controls, vaccinated mice displayed reduced weight loss and less infiltration of neutrophils within the airways, as well as reduced viral loads in bronchoalveolar lavages, parameters that are characteristic of hRSV infection in mice. Also, ex vivo re-stimulation of splenic T cells at 28days post-immunization activated a repertoire of T cells secreting IFN-γ and IL-17, which further suggest that the rBCG-N-hRSV vaccine induced a mixed, CD8+ and CD4+ T cell response capable of both restraining viral spread and preventing damage of the lungs. All these features support the notion that rBCG-N-hRSV is a promising candidate vaccine to be used in humans to prevent the disease caused by hRSV in the susceptible population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo F Céspedes
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Emma Rey-Jurado
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Janyra A Espinoza
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Claudia A Rivera
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Gisela Canedo-Marroquín
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; INSERM UMR 1064, Nantes, France.
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Bohmwald K, Espinoza JA, Rey-Jurado E, Gómez RS, González PA, Bueno SM, Riedel CA, Kalergis AM. Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Infection and Pathology. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 37:522-37. [PMID: 27486734 PMCID: PMC7171722 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1584799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is by far the major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs) worldwide in infants and children younger than 2 years. The overwhelming number of hospitalizations due to hRSV-induced ALRTI each year is due, at least in part, to the lack of licensed vaccines against this virus. Thus, hRSV infection is considered a major public health problem and economic burden in most countries. The lung pathology developed in hRSV-infected individuals is characterized by an exacerbated proinflammatory and unbalanced Th2-type immune response. In addition to the adverse effects in airway tissues, hRSV infection can also cause neurologic manifestations in the host, such as seizures and encephalopathy. Although the origins of these extrapulmonary symptoms remain unclear, studies with patients suffering from neurological alterations suggest an involvement of the inflammatory response against hRSV. Furthermore, hRSV has evolved numerous mechanisms to modulate and evade the immune response in the host. Several studies have focused on elucidating the interactions between hRSV virulence factors and the host immune system, to rationally design new vaccines and therapies against this virus. Here, we discuss about the infection, pathology, and immune response triggered by hRSV in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bohmwald
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Janyra A Espinoza
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Emma Rey-Jurado
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roberto S Gómez
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A González
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Rey-Jurado E, Riedel CA, González PA, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM. Contribution of autophagy to antiviral immunity. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3461-70. [PMID: 26297829 PMCID: PMC7094639 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although identified in the 1960's, interest in autophagy has significantly increased in the past decade with notable research efforts oriented at understanding as to how this multi-protein complex operates and is regulated. Autophagy is commonly defined as a "self-eating" process evolved by eukaryotic cells to recycle senescent organelles and expired proteins, which is significantly increased during cellular stress responses. In addition, autophagy can also play important roles during human diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative and autoimmune disorders. Furthermore, novel findings suggest that autophagy contributes to the host defense against microbial infections. In this article, we review the role of macroautophagy in antiviral immune responses and discuss molecular mechanisms evolved by viral pathogens to evade this process. A role for autophagy as an effector mechanism used both, by innate and adaptive immunity is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Rey-Jurado
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia A Riedel
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Inmunología Clínica y Reumatología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; INSERM U1064, Nantes, France.
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Moure R, Tudó G, Medina R, Vicente E, Caldito JM, Codina MG, Coll P, Español M, Gonzalez-Martin J, Rey-Jurado E, Salvadó M, Tórtola MT, Alcaide F. Detection of streptomycin and quinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by a low-density DNA array. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2013; 93:508-14. [PMID: 23906937 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, it is crucial to rule out resistance to second-line antituberculous (anti-TB) agents. In the present study, a low-cost low-density DNA array including four genetic regions (rrs 530 loop, rrs 1400, rpsL and gyrA) was designed for the rapid detection of the most important mutations related to anti-TB injectable drugs (mainly streptomycin) and fluoroquinolone resistance (LD-SQ array). A total of 108 streptomycin- and/or ofloxacin-resistant and 20 streptomycin- and ofloxacin-susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates were analysed with the array. The results obtained were compared with sequencing data and phenotypic susceptibility pattern. The LD-SQ array offered a good sensitivity compared to sequencing, especially among resistant strains: 92.5% (37/40) for streptomycin and 87.5% (7/8) for fluoroquinolones. Therefore, this array could be considered a good approach for the rapid detection of mutations related to streptomycin and fluoroquinolone resistance. On the other hand, there were discordant results in 16 resistant strains and six susceptible isolates, mostly concerning the gyrA region, in which the existence of polymorphisms next to informative positions might cause cross-hybridization. These discrepancies were caused by some technical limitations; consequently, the present array should be considered as a first-step prior to a forthcoming optimized version of the array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Moure
- Servei de Microbiologia, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona UB, Barcelona, Spain
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Rey-Jurado E, Tudó G, de la Bellacasa JP, Espasa M, González-Martín J. In vitro effect of three-drug combinations of antituberculous agents against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2013; 41:278-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Revised: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rey-Jurado E, Tudó G, Borrell S, Alcaide F, Coll P, Español M, Martín-Casabona N, Mick V, Montemayor M, Moure R, Salvadó M, Vicente E, González-Martín J. Impaired fitness of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant isolates in a cell culture model of murine macrophages. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66:2277-80. [PMID: 21791442 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We analysed the ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates to penetrate and grow inside murine macrophages as a surrogate of fitness. METHODS Thirty-five drug-resistant and 10 drug-susceptible M. tuberculosis isolates were studied in a murine macrophage model from the J774.2 cell line in a 6 day protocol, performing semi-quantitative counts in Middlebrook 7H11 medium. The mycobacterial penetration index (MPI) after infection and the mycobacterial growth ratio (MGR) inside the macrophages were determined to evaluate the fitness of isolates. RESULTS Isolates with the katG S315T mutation and multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates had a significantly lower MGR compared with drug-susceptible isolates. The MPI of the isolates with the katG S315T mutation showed a significant decrease compared with the MPI of those without this mutation. A trend to significantly lower values was also observed on comparing the MPI of the MDR isolates with that of the drug-susceptible isolates and the isolates resistant to isoniazid. CONCLUSIONS The isoniazid-resistant and MDR isolates with mutations in the katG gene showed decreased multiplication inside murine macrophages, suggesting a lower fitness of M. tuberculosis with these resistance patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Rey-Jurado
- Servei de Microbiologia, CDB, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona-IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
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