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Tea Y, Zhou Y, Ewart KM, Cheng G, Kawasaki K, DiBattista JD, Ho SYW, Lo N, Fan S. The spotted parrotfish genome provides insights into the evolution of a coral reef dietary specialist (Teleostei: Labridae: Scarini: Cetoscarus ocellatus). Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e11148. [PMID: 38476702 PMCID: PMC10932694 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.11148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
With over 600 valid species, the wrasses (family Labridae) are among the largest and most successful families of the marine teleosts. They feature prominently on coral reefs where they are known not only for their impressive diversity in colouration and form but also for their functional specialisation and ability to occupy a wide variety of trophic guilds. Among the wrasses, the parrotfishes (tribe Scarini) display some of the most dramatic examples of trophic specialisation. Using abrasion-resistant biomineralized teeth, parrotfishes are able to mechanically extract protein-rich micro-photoautotrophs growing in and among reef carbonate material, a dietary niche that is inaccessible to most other teleost fishes. This ability to exploit an otherwise untapped trophic resource is thought to have played a role in the diversification and evolutionary success of the parrotfishes. In order to better understand the key evolutionary innovations leading to the success of these dietary specialists, we sequenced and analysed the genome of a representative species, the spotted parrotfish (Cetoscarus ocellatus). We find significant expansion, selection and duplications within several detoxification gene families and a novel poly-glutamine expansion in the enamel protein ameloblastin, and we consider their evolutionary implications. Our genome provides a useful resource for comparative genomic studies investigating the evolutionary history of this highly specialised teleostean radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Kai Tea
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Australian Museum Research InstituteAustralian MuseumSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Yulu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Lab for Evolutionary Synthesis, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, School of Life ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Kyle M. Ewart
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Guo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Lab for Evolutionary Synthesis, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, School of Life ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Kazuhiko Kawasaki
- Department of AnthropologyPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Joseph D. DiBattista
- Australian Museum Research InstituteAustralian MuseumSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversitySouthportQueenslandAustralia
| | - Simon Y. W. Ho
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Nathan Lo
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Shaohua Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Lab for Evolutionary Synthesis, Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, School of Life ScienceFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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2
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Cruz F, Gómez-Garrido J, Gut M, Alioto TS, Pons J, Alós J, Barcelo-Serra M. Chromosome-level assembly and annotation of the Xyrichtys novacula (Linnaeus, 1758) genome. DNA Res 2023; 30:dsad021. [PMID: 37797305 PMCID: PMC10590160 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dsad021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pearly razorfish (Xyrichtys novacula), commonly known as raor in the Balearic Islands, is a wrasse within the family Labridae. This fish species has particular biological and socio-cultural characteristics making it an ideal model organism in the fields of behavioural ecology, molecular ecology and conservation biology. In this study, we present the first annotated chromosome-level assembly for this species. Sequencing involved a combination of long reads with Oxford Nanopore Technologies, Illumina paired-end short reads (2 × 151 bp), Hi-C and RNA-seq from different tissues. The nuclear genome assembly has a scaffold N50 of 34.33 Mb, a total assembly span of 775.53 Mb and 99.63% of the sequence assembled into 24 superscaffolds, consistent with its known karyotype. Quality metrics revealed a consensus accuracy (QV) of 42.92 and gene completeness > 98%. The genome annotation resulted in 26,690 protein-coding genes and 12,737 non-coding transcripts. The coding regions encoded 39,613 unique protein products, 93% of them with assigned function. Overall, the publication of the X. novacula's reference genome will broaden the scope and impact of genomic research conducted on this iconic and colourful species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Cruz
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), C/Baldiri Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jèssica Gómez-Garrido
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), C/Baldiri Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Gut
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), C/Baldiri Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tyler S Alioto
- Centro Nacional de Análisis Genómico (CNAG), C/Baldiri Reixac 4, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Pons
- Institut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avançats, IMEDEA (UIB-CSIC), C/Miquel Marquès 21, 07190 Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Josep Alós
- Institut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avançats, IMEDEA (UIB-CSIC), C/Miquel Marquès 21, 07190 Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Margarida Barcelo-Serra
- Institut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avançats, IMEDEA (UIB-CSIC), C/Miquel Marquès 21, 07190 Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain
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3
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Wiley J, Pardee C. Life history of the endemic Hawaiian hogfish Bodianus albotaeniatus: age, growth, and reproduction. J Fish Biol 2023. [PMID: 37148470 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Growth rate, longevity, maturity, and spawning seasonality were estimated for the endemic Hawaiian hogfish Bodianus albotaeniatus. The sex-specific von Bertalanffy growth parameters are L∞ = 339 mm fork length (LF ) and K = 0.66 year-1 for females; L∞ = 417 mm LF and K = 0.33 year-1 for males. The maximum age is 22 years. Histological gonad analysis and the absence of small and young males indicate a monandric protogynous hermaphrodite. Size and age at maturity for combined sexes are L50 = 238 mm LF and A50 = 1.6 years. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Wiley
- Poseidon Fisheries Research - 801 Kakala St. #1803, Kapolei, HI
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4
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Viviani J, LeBlanc A, Rurua V, Mou T, Liao V, Lecchini D, Galzin R, Viriot L. Plicidentine in the oral fangs of parrotfish (Scarinae, Labriformes). J Anat 2022; 241:601-615. [PMID: 35506616 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Parrotfish play important ecological roles in coral reef and seagrass communities across the globe. Their dentition is a fascinating object of study from an anatomical, functional and evolutionary point of view. Several species maintained non-interlocked dentition and browse on fleshy algae, while others evolved a characteristic beak-like structure made of a mass of coalesced teeth that they use to scrape or excavate food off hard limestone substrates. While parrotfish use their highly specialized marginal teeth to procure their food, they can also develop a series of large fangs that protrude from the upper jaw, and more rarely from the lower jaw. These peculiar fangs do not participate in the marginal dentition and their function remains unclear. Here we describe the morphology of these fangs and their developmental relationship to the rest of the oral dentition in the marbled parrotfish (Leptoscarus vaigiensis), the star-eye parrotfish (Calotomus carolinus), and the palenose parrotfish (Scarus psittacus). Through microtomographic and histological analyses, we show that some of these fangs display loosely folded plicidentine along their bases, a feature that has never been reported in parrotfish. Plicidentine is absent from the marginal teeth and is therefore exclusive to the fangs. Parrotfish fangs develop a particular type of simplexodont plicidentine with a pulpal infilling of alveolar bone at later stages of dental ontogeny. The occurrence of plicidentine and evidence of extensive tooth wear, and even breakage, lead us to conclude that the fangs undergo frequent mechanical stress, despite not being used to acquire food. This strong mechanical stress undergone by fangs could be linked either to forced contact with congeners or with the limestone substrate during feeding. Finally, we hypothesize that the presence of plicidentine in parrotfish is not derived from a labrid ancestor, but is probably a recently evolved trait in some parrotfish taxa, which may even have evolved convergently within this subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Viviani
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5305, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Lyon, France.,PSL Université Paris, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Aaron LeBlanc
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, UK
| | - Vahine Rurua
- Département d'Archéologie, Université de la Polynésie Française, Punaauia, Polynésie Française
| | - Teiva Mou
- Lycée Tuianu Legayic, Servitude Pollner, Papara, Polynésie Française
| | - Vetea Liao
- Direction des Ressources Marines, Papeete, Polynésie Française
| | - David Lecchini
- PSL Université Paris, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, Moorea, French Polynesia.,Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL, Perpignan, France
| | - René Galzin
- PSL Université Paris, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, Moorea, French Polynesia.,Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL, Perpignan, France
| | - Laurent Viriot
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et d'Ingénierie Thérapeutique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 5305, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Lyon, France.,PSL Université Paris, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, Moorea, French Polynesia
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5
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Alonzo SH, Stiver KA, Kindsvater HK, Marsh-Rollo SE, Nugent B, Kazancıoğlu E. Ejaculate Allocation and Sperm Characteristics Differ among Alternative Male Types in a Species of Fish with Cooperation and Competition among Unrelated Males. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102612. [PMID: 34685591 PMCID: PMC8533787 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual selection arising from sperm competition has driven the evolution of immense variation in ejaculate allocation and sperm characteristics not only among species, but also among males within a species. One question that has received little attention is how cooperation among males affects these patterns. Here we ask how male alternative reproductive types differ in testes size, ejaculate production, and sperm morphology in the ocellated wrasse, a marine fish in which unrelated males cooperate and compete during reproduction. Nesting males build nests, court females and provide care. Sneaker males only “sneak” spawn, while satellite males sneak, but also help by chasing away sneakers. We found that satellite males have larger absolute testes than either sneakers or nesting males, despite their cooperative role. Nesting males invested relatively less in testes than either sneakers or satellites. Though sneakers produced smaller ejaculates than either satellite or nesting males, we found no difference among male types in either sperm cell concentration or sperm number, implying sneakers may produce less seminal fluid. Sperm tail length did not differ significantly among male types, but sneaker sperm cells had significantly larger heads than either satellite or nesting male sperm, consistent with past research showing sneakers produce slower sperm. Our results highlight that social interactions among males can influence sperm and ejaculate production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne H. Alonzo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, 130 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-831-502-7706
| | - Kelly A. Stiver
- Department of Psychology, Southern Connecticut State University, 501 Crescent Street, New Haven, CT 06515, USA;
| | - Holly K. Kindsvater
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Susan E. Marsh-Rollo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, 130 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. W, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada;
| | - Bridget Nugent
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06515, USA;
| | - Erem Kazancıoğlu
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06515, USA;
- Protenus, Inc., 1629 Thames St., Baltimore, MD 21231, USA;
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6
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Lowe JR, Russ GR, Bucol AA, Abesamis RA, Choat JH. Geographic variability in the gonadal development and sexual ontogeny of Hemigymnus, Cheilinus and Oxycheilinus wrasses among Indo-Pacific coral reefs. J Fish Biol 2021; 99:1348-1363. [PMID: 34228351 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Patterns of reproductive ontogeny in four species of coral reef wrasses (F: Labridae) Hemigymnus melapterus, Hemigymnus fasciatus, Cheilinus fasciatus and Oxycheilinus digramma were investigated. Populations of each species were sampled from two island groups of the central Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia, and from coral reefs in the central Philippines. These three sampling locations span 30° of latitude. The GBR and Philippine reefs experience biologically significant differences in water temperature, geography and human activity. The studied wrasses are effectively unfished in Australia but heavily fished in the Philippines. Gonad weights, histology and demographic data were obtained across the entire size and age range of H. melapterus, C. fasciatus and O. digramma from all locations. Analysis identified three processes of male recruitment: functional gonochorism and both forms of protogynous hermaphroditism, monandry and diandry. The expression of these distinct sexual ontogenies was locality dependent. Populations of H. melapterus, H. fasciatus, C. fasciatus and O. digramma on the GBR showed consistently uniform patterns of sexual ontogeny, with all species being exclusively monandric. H. melapterus, C. fasciatus and O. digramma in the Philippines displayed complex sexual ontogenies, with all species showing histological evidence of both diandry and functional gonochorism. Reproductive investment in gonadal tissue, and population sex structure, also differed between GBR and Philippine coral reefs. Philippine populations had substantially lower gonado-somatic indices than populations on the GBR. Nonetheless, Philippine populations matured more rapidly and displayed a protracted timing of sex change over a large size and age range. Thus, mature females appeared earlier and persisted later into ontogeny in the Philippines than on GBR reefs. Protracted timing of sex change on Philippine reefs is likely linked to the presence of primary males in the population, which is known to reduce the strength of selection for mature females to undergo sex change and become male. Hypotheses based on social structure of fish populations, environmental factors and evolutionary history were developed to account for the different patterns of sexual ontogeny in the focal wrasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake R Lowe
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Garry R Russ
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Abner A Bucol
- Silliman University-Angelo King Centre for Research and Environmental Management (SUAKCREM), Dumaguete City, Philippines
| | - Rene A Abesamis
- Silliman University-Angelo King Centre for Research and Environmental Management (SUAKCREM), Dumaguete City, Philippines
| | - John H Choat
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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7
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Faust E, Jansson E, André C, Halvorsen KT, Dahle G, Knutsen H, Quintela M, Glover KA. Not that clean: Aquaculture-mediated translocation of cleaner fish has led to hybridization on the northern edge of the species' range. Evol Appl 2021; 14:1572-1587. [PMID: 34178105 PMCID: PMC8210792 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Translocation and introduction of non-native organisms can have major impacts on local populations and ecosystems. Nevertheless, translocations are common practices in agri- and aquaculture. Each year, millions of wild-caught wrasses are transported large distances to be used as cleaner fish for parasite control in marine salmon farms. Recently, it was documented that translocated cleaner fish are able to escape and reproduce with local wild populations. This is especially a challenge in Norway, which is the world's largest salmon producer. Here, a panel of 84 informative SNPs was developed to identify the presence of nonlocal corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops) escapees and admixed individuals in wild populations in western Norway. Applying this panel to ~2000 individuals, escapees and hybrids were found to constitute up to 20% of the local population at the northern edge of the species' distribution. The introduction of southern genetic material at the northern edge of the species distribution range has altered the local genetic composition and could obstruct local adaptation and further range expansion. Surprisingly, in other parts of the species distribution where salmon farming is also common, few escapees and hybrids were found. Why hybridization seems to be common only in the far north is discussed in the context of demographic and transport history. However, the current lack of reporting of escapes makes it difficult to evaluate possible causes for why some aquaculture-dense areas have more escapees and hybrids than others. The results obtained in this study, and the observed high genomic divergence between the main export and import regions, puts the sustainability of mass translocation of nonlocal wild wrasse into question and suggests that the current management regime needs re-evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellika Faust
- Department of Marine Sciences – TjärnöUniversity of GothenburgStrömstadSweden
| | | | - Carl André
- Department of Marine Sciences – TjärnöUniversity of GothenburgStrömstadSweden
| | | | - Geir Dahle
- Institute of Marine ResearchBergenNorway
| | - Halvor Knutsen
- Institute of Marine ResearchHisNorway
- Centre of Coastal ResearchUniversity of AgderKristiansandNorway
| | | | - Kevin A. Glover
- Institute of Marine ResearchBergenNorway
- Institute of BiologyUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
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8
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Pryor KJ. Frequent visits to various anvils during tool use by the graphic tuskfish Choerodon graphicus ( Labridae). J Fish Biol 2020; 97:1564-1568. [PMID: 32808281 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated tool use by the graphic tuskfish Choerodon graphicus in New Caledonia. Anvils included rocks, a conical shell, flat dead corals and a concrete mooring. Sixteen tool-use events were observed in 10 h. A tool-use event often involved more than one anvil (44%). On average, C. graphicus struck prey six times and spent 84 s at an anvil. The only prey items brought to anvils were bivalve and gastropod molluscs. These results provide a foundation for future research on tool use in fishes.
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Mayekiso S, Gouws G, Mwale M, Gon O. Evidence of genetic differentiation in cigar wrasse Cheilio inermis ( Labridae) within the western Indian Ocean. Genome 2020; 63:493-502. [PMID: 32650676 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2019-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Patterns of genetic structure and connectivity of the monotypic cigar wrasse Cheilio inermis within western Indian Ocean (WIO) are poorly understood. Whether the species exists as a single panmictic population across the WIO is unclear. Sequence data were generated from two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b and ATPase 6) and one nuclear intron (S7 intron I). High levels of haplotype and allelic diversity (h = 0.88-0.98; A = 0.95-0.98), along with low nucleotide diversities were observed across all markers. The pairwise ΦST values indicated differentiation of Tanga from the four WIO localities (Inhaca, Nosy Bé, Gazi, and Shimoni), as well as differentiation between the northernmost WIO localities. AMOVAs indicated high differentiation among defined locality groups, whereas nuclear gene analysis found little differentiation among groups. The observed genetic differentiation in C. inermis could be caused by oceanic barriers, and by limited larval dispersal with the pelagic larvae possibly settling near their parental origin and promoting differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisanda Mayekiso
- South African National Parks, Cape Research Centre, P.O. Box 216, Steenberg, South Africa.,Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Gavin Gouws
- Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.,National Research Foundation - South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Monica Mwale
- South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI), National Zoological Gardens, P.O. Box 754, Pretoria 001, South Africa
| | - Ofer Gon
- National Research Foundation - South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity, Private Bag 1015, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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10
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Huertas V, Bellwood DR. Trophic separation in planktivorous reef fishes: a new role for mucus? Oecologia 2020; 192:813-22. [PMID: 32016525 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04608-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The feeding apparatus directly influences a species' trophic ecology. In fishes, our understanding of feeding modes is largely derived from studies of rigid structures (i.e. bones, teeth, gill rakers). A recently described lip innovation, however, highlighted the role of soft anatomy in enabling specialized feeding modes. In this study, we explore whether similar diversification may also occur in the soft anatomy of the buccal cavity. Using four key anatomical traits to classify 19 species (14 genera) of wrasses, we evaluated the relationship between anatomical specialization of the buccal cavity and diet. Our data revealed a previously undocumented anatomical adaptation in the mouths of fairy wrasses (Cirrhilabrus): the mucosa throughout the buccal cavity (i.e. anterior to the pharynx) is packed with goblet cells, enabling it to secrete large quantities of mucus in this region; a new trait that, until now, had not been documented in wrasses. This disparity reflects diet differences, with mucus secretion found only in planktivorous Cirrhilabrus that feed predominantly on amorphous organic material (potentially gelatinous organisms). This suggests a cryptic mucus-based resource partitioning in planktivorous wrasses.
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11
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Yukai Y, Xiaolin H, Heizhao L, Tao L, Wei Y, Zhong H. The complete mitochondrial genome of Thalassoma lunare (Labriformes, Labridae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2019; 4:3147-3148. [PMID: 33365892 PMCID: PMC7706544 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1667895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thalassoma lunare is one of most important genera of Labridae. However, the systemically classification and taxonomic studies have so far been limited. In this study, we report the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of T. lunare. The mitogenome has 17,073 base pairs (57.7% A + T content) and made up of total of 37 genes (13 protein-coding, 22 transfer RNAs and 2 ribosomal RNAs), and a putative control region. This study will provide useful genetic information for future phylogenetic and taxonomic classification of Labridae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yukai
- Key Lab of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huang Xiaolin
- Key Lab of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Heizhao
- Key Lab of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Tao
- Key Lab of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Key Lab of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huang Zhong
- Key Lab of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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12
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Freitas MO, Previero M, Leite JR, Francini-Filho RB, Minte-Vera CV, Moura RL. Age, growth, reproduction and management of Southwestern Atlantic's largest and endangered herbivorous reef fish, Scarus trispinosus Valenciennes, 1840. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7459. [PMID: 31531268 PMCID: PMC6718160 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Brazilian-endemic greenbeack parrotfish, Scarus trispinosus Valenciennes, 1840, is the largest herbivorous reef fish in the South Atlantic. Following the sharp decline of large carnivorous reef fishes, parrotfishes (Labridae: Scarinae) were progressively targeted by commercial fisheries in Brazil, resulting in a global population decline of 50% for S. trispinosus. Most of its remnant population is concentrated in the Abrolhos Bank, where the present study was conducted. We present novel information on age, growth and the reproductive cycle of S. trispinosus, based on 814 individuals obtained from commercial fisheries’ landings and scientific collections, between 2010 and 2013. Sex ratio was biased toward females (1:8), and spawning occurred year-round with discrete peaks in February-March and June-December. Increment analysis indicated annual deposition of growth rings in otoliths, which presented 1–22 rings. The asymptotic length at which growth is zero (L∞) was estimated from a Bayesian logistic regression at 85.28 cm, growth rate (K) at 0.14 year−1, and the theoretical age at zero size (t0) at 0.16. Subregional demographic structuring was detected, with predominance of slower-growing individuals in shallower inshore reefs and predominance of faster-growing and older individuals in deeper offshore sites. We demonstrate that S. trispinosus is highly vulnerable to over-exploitation due to its large size, long live and slow-growth, and review the management measures proposed since its Red List assessment in 2012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus O Freitas
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marília Previero
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jonas R Leite
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo B Francini-Filho
- Departamento de Engenharia e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Rio Tinto, Paraiba, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo L Moura
- Instituto de Biologia and SAGE/COPPE, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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13
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Abstract
We describe how the graphic tuskfish Choerodon graphicus in New Caledonia uses rocks and coral heads as anvils to break open bivalves to obtain food. Video revealed that C. graphicus can make as many as 28 strikes on two anvils over 6 min in a single event. This example of tool use in fishes extends the behaviour taxonomically and geographically and supports the hypothesis that tool use may be widespread in wrasses, particularly those in the Choerodon genus.
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14
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Hinz H, Reñones O, Gouraguine A, Johnson AF, Moranta J. Fish nursery value of algae habitats in temperate coastal reefs. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6797. [PMID: 31143530 PMCID: PMC6525592 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The nursery function of coastal habitats is one of the most frequently mentioned and recognized ecosystem services in the valuation of coastal ecosystems. Despite its importance our understanding of the precise habitat parameters and mechanisms that make a habitat important as a nursery area is still limited for many species. The study aimed to establish the importance of different algae morphotypes in providing shelter and food for juvenile coastal fish during the main settlement peaks, in early spring and late summer, in littoral rocky reef systems in the Northwestern Mediterranean. The results of our study showed strong seasonal differences in algae cover, composition and height between the two sampling periods. Overall, during spring the algae were well developed, while in late summer, both density and height, of most algae decreased considerably. Equally, prey biomass, in form of suitable sized invertebrate fauna associated to the algae, decreased. Accordingly, the shelter and food for the fish settling in this habitat during late summer were less abundant, indicating a mismatch between the observed presence of juvenile fish and optimal habitat conditions. Differences in prey densities were detected between algae morphotypes, with structurally more complex algae, such as Cystoseira spp. and Halopteris spp. consistently containing more prey, independent of season, compared to simpler structured morphotypes such as Dictoytales. The study furthermore related juvenile fish density to habitats dominated by different algae morphotypes. Out of the three-study species (Diplodus vulgaris, Symphodus ocellatus, Coris julis) only S. ocellatus showed a significant association with an algae habitat. S. ocellatus related positively to habitats dominated by Dictoytales which provided the highest cover during late summer but had the lowest prey densities. A strong association of this species with Cystoseira, as reported by other studies, could not be confirmed. Cystoseira was abundant within the study area but in a state of dieback, showing loss and reduced height of foliage, typical for the time of year within the study area. It is therefore likely that algae-fish associations are context-dependent and that several algae species may fulfil similar functions. We also discovered that prey biomass did not appear to have an important effect on juvenile abundances. Nevertheless, the availability of prey may influence juvenile fish condition, growth performance and ultimately long-term survival. We therefore suggest that future studies on habitat quality should also include, besides abundance, indicators related to the condition and growth of juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilmar Hinz
- Instituto Mediterraneo de Estudios Avanzados (IMEDEA; CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Illes Balears, Spain.,Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centre Oceanográfic de les Balears, Ecosystem Oceanography Group (GRECO), Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Olga Reñones
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centre Oceanográfic de les Balears, Ecosystem Oceanography Group (GRECO), Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Adam Gouraguine
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Joan Moranta
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centre Oceanográfic de les Balears, Ecosystem Oceanography Group (GRECO), Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
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15
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Binning SA, Roche DG, Grutter AS, Colosio S, Sun D, Miest J, Bshary R. Cleaner wrasse indirectly affect the cognitive performance of a damselfish through ectoparasite removal. Proc Biol Sci 2019. [PMID: 29514969 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleaning organisms play a fundamental ecological role by removing ectoparasites and infected tissue from client surfaces. We used the well-studied cleaning mutualisms involving the cleaner wrasse, Labroides dimidiatus, to test how client cognition is affected by ectoparasites and whether these effects are mitigated by cleaners. Ambon damselfish (Pomacentrus amboinensis) collected from experimental reef patches without cleaner wrasse performed worse in a visual discrimination test than conspecifics from patches with cleaners. Endoparasite abundance also negatively influenced success in this test. Visual discrimination performance was also impaired in damselfish experimentally infected with gnathiid (Crustacea: Isopoda) ectoparasites. Neither cleaner absence nor gnathiid infection affected performance in spatial recognition or reversal learning tests. Injection with immune-stimulating lipopolysaccharide did not affect visual discrimination performance relative to saline-injected controls, suggesting that cognitive impairments are not due to an innate immune response. Our results highlight the complex, indirect role of cleaning organisms in promoting the health of their clients via ectoparasite removal and emphasize the negative impact of parasites on host's cognitive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra A Binning
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland .,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St-Lucia, Australia.,Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Dominique G Roche
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.,School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St-Lucia, Australia
| | - Alexandra S Grutter
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St-Lucia, Australia
| | - Simona Colosio
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Derek Sun
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St-Lucia, Australia
| | - Joanna Miest
- Department of Life and Sports Sciences, University of Greenwich, Kent, UK
| | - Redouan Bshary
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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16
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Näslund J, Lundgren M. Mapping the distribution of scale-rayed wrasse Acantholabrus palloni in Swedish Skagerrak using angling records. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5900. [PMID: 30416890 PMCID: PMC6225840 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we map the distribution of scale-rayed wrasse Acantholabrus palloni in eastern Skagerrak based on a combination of verified and personally communicated angling records. Long thought to be occasional vagrants outside its known range in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea, we ask if this rare and understudied labrid has expanded its range and become established in Swedish waters. A recent surge in verified angling records in the Swedish Anglers Association's specimen database Storfiskregistret provides information to suggest that this species should no longer be considered an occasional guest, but rather a species established in the Swedish parts of Skagerrak. These records are supported by additional personal communications with anglers. The species is currently well spread geographically along the Swedish Skagerrak coast, with many locations providing repeated captures of adult fish over multiple years. The typical Swedish catch sites are rocky reefs located between the general 40- and 80-m depth curves, likely influenced by currents bringing higher-salinity water from the North Sea. The present study show that angling records can provide an important, but underutilized, resource for mapping the distribution of data-deficient fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joacim Näslund
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Song HY, Jo S, Jung SH, Hwang HJ, An HS. Complete mitochondrial genome of Cheilio inermis (Labriformes, Labridae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2018; 3:935-936. [PMID: 33474370 PMCID: PMC7800952 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1501319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present report, we describe the first sequencing and assembly of the complete mitochondrial genome of Cheilio inermis. The mitochondrial genome of C. inermis, with 16,494 bp in length, has the typical vertebrate mitochondrial gene arrangement. It contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and a control region. All the tRNA genes typically formed a cloverleaf secondary structure. Phylogenetic analysis using mitochondrial genomes of 11 species showed that C. inermis formed monophyletic group with other Labridae species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Yeun Song
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonmi Jo
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Jung
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Hwang
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Suck An
- Department of Genetic Resources Research, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon-gun, Republic of Korea
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18
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Lek E, Platell ME, Fairclough DV, Hall NG, Potter IC. Diets of reef-dwelling labrids (Choerodon species) vary with body size, season and habitat: influence of foraging ability, specialization and opportunism. J Fish Biol 2018; 92:901-928. [PMID: 29644717 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary multivariate statistics were used to test the hypotheses that the dietary compositions of three populations of labrids on the west Australian coast are related to body size and undergo seasonal changes and to elucidate the relative extents and basis for any dietary differences within and between those populations. Gut content analyses determined the dietary compositions of Choerodon rubescens in marine waters of the outer reefs in the World Heritage Area of Shark Bay (26° S; 114° E) and of Choerodon schoenleinii in inner protected reefs of that large embayment. The dietary compositions of C. rubescens and C. schoenleinii differed significantly among length classes, progressed serially with increasing body size, both overall and almost invariably in each season and were more closely related to body size than season, whose effect was at best minimal. The size-related dietary change in C. rubescens involved, in particular, a shift from crustaceans and non-mytilid bivalves to mytilid bivalves and echinoid echinoderms. Although the diet of C. schoenleinii followed similar size-related changes, it contained a greater volume of gastropods when the fish were small and mytilids when large and only a small volume of echinoids. The dietary composition of C. rubescens in the Abrolhos Islands, 300 km to the south of Shark Bay, was related both to length class and season and differed from that of this labrid in Shark Bay with the ingestion of lesser volumes of mytilids and greater volumes of echinoids. The size-related changes in diet imply that these species shift from foraging over soft substrata to over reefs as their very well-developed jaws become sufficiently strong to remove attached and larger prey. The dietary compositions of C. rubescens and C. schoenleinii in Shark Bay and of C. rubescens at the Abrolhos Islands were related far more to habitat-locational differences than to length class and season. The above intraspecific and interspecific differences in diet are consistent with qualitative accounts of the relative abundances of the main prey in their respective environments, supporting the view that, despite specializations in their feeding apparatus, these labrids can feed opportunistically to a certain extent and could thus potentially respond to moderate changes in the composition of their prey caused by climate change and other anthropogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lek
- Centre for Fish and Fisheries Research, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, WA, Australia
- Science and Resource Assessment Directorate, Fisheries, Department of Sustainability and Biosecurity, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 39 Northside Drive, Hillarys WA 6025, Australia
| | - M E Platell
- Centre for Fish and Fisheries Research, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, WA, Australia
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, PO Box 127, Ourimbah 2258, NSW, Australia
| | - D V Fairclough
- Centre for Fish and Fisheries Research, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, WA, Australia
- Science and Resource Assessment Directorate, Fisheries, Department of Sustainability and Biosecurity, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 39 Northside Drive, Hillarys WA 6025, Australia
| | - N G Hall
- Centre for Fish and Fisheries Research, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, WA, Australia
- Science and Resource Assessment Directorate, Fisheries, Department of Sustainability and Biosecurity, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 39 Northside Drive, Hillarys WA 6025, Australia
| | - I C Potter
- Centre for Fish and Fisheries Research, Murdoch University, Murdoch 6150, WA, Australia
- Science and Resource Assessment Directorate, Fisheries, Department of Sustainability and Biosecurity, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 39 Northside Drive, Hillarys WA 6025, Australia
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19
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Steigen A, Nylund A, Plarre H, Watanabe K, Karlsbakk E, Brevik Ø. Presence of selected pathogens on the gills of five wrasse species in western Norway. Dis Aquat Organ 2018; 128:21-35. [PMID: 29565251 DOI: 10.3354/dao03198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify gill pathogens in Labridae (wrasse) species used as cleaner fish to control salmon louse in western Norwegian aquaculture. Wrasse are often moved over long distances, raising issues of fish health, welfare and pathogen transmission. Histological examination and real-time RT-PCR analysis of the gills from Centrolabrus exoletus, Ctenolabrus rupestris, Labrus bergylta, L. mixtus and Symphodus melops revealed several pathogens: a new species of Ichthyobodo, Paramoeba perurans, microsporidia, trichodinids, Hatschekia spp., Candidatus Similichlamydia labri and 2 putative new species of Chlamydiae. Cand. S. labri or closely related bacteria were present on most wrasse specimens. Epitheliocysts on the gills of L. mixtus contained large inclusions (120 µm) with actiniae radiating from the inclusion membrane. A possible member of the Candidatus family Parilichlamydiaceae was present at a high prevalence on the gills of L. mixtus, L. bergylta and C. rupestris. Sequencing the 16S rRNA gene showed 93.9% similarity to Cand. S. labri and 96.8% similarity to Cand. Parilichlamydia carangidicola from the gills of Seriola lalandi. This bacterium probably represents a new species within the order Chlamydiales, family Cand. Parilichlamydiaceae. The other Chlamydiae detected on gills of S. melops could represent a new species in Cand. genus Syngnamydia. Ichthyobodo sp. and Paranucleospora theridion were detected on the gills of nearly all individuals, while Paramoeba spp. were detected on the gills of L. bergylta and L. mixtus. Trichodinids, microsporidia and parasitic copepods had low prevalence. Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus was not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Steigen
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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20
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Baliga VB, Mehta RS. Phylo-Allometric Analyses Showcase the Interplay between Life-History Patterns and Phenotypic Convergence in Cleaner Wrasses. Am Nat 2018; 191:E129-E143. [PMID: 29693442 DOI: 10.1086/697047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic convergence is a macroevolutionary pattern that need not be consistent across life history. Ontogenetic transitions in dietary specialization clearly illustrate the dynamics of ecological selection as organisms grow. The extent of phenotypic convergence among taxa that share a similar ecological niche may therefore vary ontogenetically. Because ontogenetic processes have been shown to evolve, phylogenetic comparative methods can be useful in examining how the scaling of traits relates to ecology. Cleaning, a behavior in which taxa consume ectoparasites off clientele, is well represented among wrasses (Labridae). Nearly three-fourths of labrids that clean do so predominately as juveniles, transitioning away as adults. We examine the scaling patterns of 33 labrid species to understand how life-history patterns of cleaning relate to ontogenetic patterns of phenotypic convergence. We find that as juveniles, cleaners exhibit convergence in body and cranial traits that enhance ectoparasitivory. We then find that taxa that transition away from cleaning exhibit ontogenetic trajectories that are distinct from those of other wrasses. Obligate and facultative species that continue to clean over ontogeny, however, maintain characteristics that are conducive to cleaning. Collectively, we find that life-history patterns of cleaning behavior are concordant with ontogenetic patterns in phenotype in wrasses.
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21
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Desvignes T, Bourjon P, Chanet B. [Reproductive behavior of the green birdmouth wrasse Gomphosus caeruleus on a Reunion Island reef: Mode of reproduction, environmental factors and reproductive strategy alternation]. C R Biol 2017; 341:43-60. [PMID: 29276130 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The green birdmouth wrasse Gomphosus caeruleus is present all year round on the coral reefs of Reunion Island (Indian Ocean). A group of individuals was followed on one of these reefs with the objective of studying the reproduction mode of the species, the influence of environmental factors, and social behaviors on the control of reproduction. Our observations revealed that G. caeruleus is, like many Labridae, a protogynous hermaphrodite species, probably diandric, that the reproduction of G. caeruleus is, like in other reef fish species, influenced by the lunar cycle with a peak of reproductive activity during waxing gibbous phase, and that G. caeruleus displays social behavior leading to alternating haremic mating system on a single territory and lek-like mating systems without aggressions between males. These observations enhanced our knowledge of the reproduction of Labridae and reef species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Desvignes
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, 1425 E. 13th Avenue, Eugene, 97401-1254 OR, États-Unis.
| | - Philippe Bourjon
- Réseau d'observateurs sous-marins « Les Sentinelles du Récif » (Réserve nationale marine de la-Réunion), 26, rue des Bengalis, Plateau-Caillou, 97640 Saint-Paul, la-Réunion.
| | - Bruno Chanet
- ISYEB, UMR 7205 CNRS-MNHN-UPMC-EPHE, département "Systématique et Évolution", Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, CP50, 57, rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France.
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22
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Abstract
The biomechanics of animal limbs has evolved to meet the functional demands for movement associated with different behaviors and environments. Effective movement relies not only on limb mechanics but also on appropriate mechanosensory feedback. By comparing sensory ability and mechanics within a phylogenetic framework, we show that peripheral mechanosensation has evolved with limb biomechanics, evolutionarily tuning the neuromechanical system to its functional demands. We examined sensory physiology and mechanics of the pectoral fins, forelimb homologs, in the fish family Labridae. Labrid fishes exhibit extraordinary morphological and behavioral diversity and use pectoral fin-based propulsion with fins ranging in shape from high aspect ratio (AR) wing-like fins to low AR paddle-like fins. Phylogenetic character analysis demonstrates that high AR fins evolved independently multiple times in this group. Four pairs of species were examined; each included a plesiomorphic low AR and a high AR species. Within each species pair, the high AR species demonstrated significantly stiffer fin rays in comparison with the low AR species. Afferent sensory nerve activity was recorded during fin ray bending. In all cases, afferents of stiffer fins were more sensitive at lower displacement amplitudes, demonstrating mechanosensory tuning to fin mechanics and a consistent pattern of correlated evolution. We suggest that these data provide a clear example of parallel evolution in a complex neuromechanical system, with a strong link between multiple phenotypic characters: pectoral fin shape, swimming behavior, fin ray stiffness, and mechanosensory sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett R Aiello
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Mark W Westneat
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Division of Fishes, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605
| | - Melina E Hale
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637;
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23
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Almada F, Francisco SM, Lima CS, FitzGerald R, Mirimin L, Villegas-Ríos D, Saborido-Rey F, Afonso P, Morato T, Bexiga S, Robalo JI. Historical gene flow constraints in a northeastern Atlantic fish: phylogeography of the ballan wrasse Labrus bergylta across its distribution range. R Soc Open Sci 2017; 4:160773. [PMID: 28386433 PMCID: PMC5367310 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The distribution and demographic patterns of marine organisms in the north Atlantic were largely shaped by climatic changes during the Pleistocene, when recurrent glacial maxima forced them to move south or to survive in northern peri-glacial refugia. These patterns were also influenced by biological and ecological factors intrinsic to each species, namely their dispersion ability. The ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta), the largest labrid fish along Europe's continental margins, is a target for fisheries and aquaculture industry. The phylogeographic pattern, population structure, potential glacial refugia and recolonization routes for this species were assessed across its full distribution range, using mitochondrial and nuclear markers. The existence of a marked population structure can reflect both recolonization from three distinct glacial refugia and current and past oceanographic circulation patterns. Although isolated in present times, shared haplotypes between continental and Azores populations and historical exchange of migrants in both directions point to a common origin of L. bergylta. This situation is likely to be maintained and/or accentuated by current circulation patterns in the north Atlantic, and may lead to incipient speciation in the already distinct Azorean population. Future monitoring of this species is crucial to evaluate how this species is coping with current environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederico Almada
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara M. Francisco
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina S. Lima
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Richard FitzGerald
- Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - Luca Mirimin
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Dublin Road, Galway, Republic of Ireland
| | - David Villegas-Ríos
- Institute of Marine Research (IMR), Flødevigen Marine Research Station, 4817 His, Norway
| | | | - Pedro Afonso
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Universidade dos Açores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Pescas da Universidade dos Açores, IMAR—Institute of Marine Research, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Telmo Morato
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Universidade dos Açores, 9901-862 Horta, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Bexiga
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana I. Robalo
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ISPA Instituto Universitário, Rua Jardim do Tabaco 34, 1149-041 Lisboa, Portugal
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24
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Sampaio CLS, Santander-Neto J, Costa TLA. Hogfish Lachnolaimus maximus ( Labridae) confirmed in the south-western Atlantic Ocean. J Fish Biol 2016; 89:1873-1879. [PMID: 27397557 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Based on material deposited in collections, photographic records and other reports from fishermen and divers, the occurrence of the hogfish Lachnolaimus maximus (Labridae) is confirmed in the south-western Atlantic Ocean, near the Brazilian coast as far south as southern Brazil. The recognized range of this species should therefore be extended c. 3000 km further south.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L S Sampaio
- Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Unidade de Ensino Penedo. Laboratório de Ictiologia e Conservação, Av. Beira Rio, s/n°, Centro Histórico, Penedo, AL, CEP 57200-000, Brazil
| | - J Santander-Neto
- Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, Campus Piúma. Rua Augusto da Costa Oliveira, 660, Praia Doce, Piúma, Espírito Santo, CEP 29285-000, Brazil
| | - T L A Costa
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Botânica, Ecologia e Zoologia, Campus Universitário, BR 101 s/n Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN, CEP 59072-970, Brazil
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25
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Gerlach T, Theobald J, Hart NS, Collin SP, Michiels NK. Fluorescence characterisation and visual ecology of pseudocheilinid wrasses. Front Zool 2016; 13:13. [PMID: 26981144 PMCID: PMC4791940 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-016-0145-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wrasses represent the second largest family of marine fishes and display a high diversity of complex colours linked to ecological functions. Recently, red autofluorescent body colouration has been reported in some of these fishes. However, little is known about the distribution of such fluorescent body patterns in wrasses or the animals' ability to perceive such colours. RESULTS Against this background, we (1) investigated long-wavelength emission autofluorescence in thirteen species of pseudocheilinid wrasses and (2) characterised the spectral absorbance of visual pigments in one of the examined species, the fairy wrasse Cirrhilabrus solorensis. Spectrophotometric analysis revealed that fluorescent body colouration is widespread and diverse within this clade, with considerable variation in both fluorescent pattern and maximum emission wavelength between species. Characterisation of visual pigments in retinal photoreceptors showed a single class of rod and three spectrally distinct cone photoreceptors, suggesting possible trichromacy. CONCLUSION Combining the emission characteristics of fluorescence body colouration and the spectral sensitivity data of retinal cells suggests that the visual system of C. solorensis is sensitive to pseudocheilinid fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Gerlach
- Animal Evolutionary Ecology group, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Theobald
- Animal Evolutionary Ecology group, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nathan S Hart
- School of Animal Biology and The Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Shaun P Collin
- School of Animal Biology and The Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Nico K Michiels
- Animal Evolutionary Ecology group, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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26
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Abstract
Coral reefs are one of the most spectrally diverse environments, both in terms of habitat and animal color. Species identity, sex, and camouflage are drivers of the phenotypic diversity seen in coral reef fishes, but how the phenotypic diversity is reflected in the genotype remains to be answered. The labrids are a large, polyphyletic family of coral reef fishes that display a diverse range of colors, including developmental color morphs and extensive behavioral ecologies. Here, we assess the opsin sequence and expression diversity among labrids from the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. We found that labrids express a diverse palette of visual opsins, with gene duplications in both RH2 and LWS genes. The majority of opsins expressed were within the mid-to-long wavelength sensitive classes (RH2 and LWS). Three of the labrid species expressed SWS1 (ultra-violet sensitive) opsins with the majority expressing the violet-sensitive SWS2B gene and none expressing SWS2A. We used knowledge about spectral tuning sites to calculate approximate spectral sensitivities (λmax) for individual species' visual pigments, which corresponded well with previously published λmax values for closely related species (SWS1: 356-370 nm; SWS2B: 421-451 nm; RH2B: 452-492 nm; RH2A: 516-528 nm; LWS1: 554-555 nm; LWS2: 561-562 nm). In contrast to the phenotypic diversity displayed via color patterns and feeding ecology, there was little amino acid diversity within the known opsin sequence tuning sites. However, gene duplications and differential expression provide alternative mechanisms for tuning visual pigments, resulting in variable visual sensitivities among labrid species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - N Justin Marshall
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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27
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Munro ES, McIntosh RE, Weir SJ, Noguera PA, Sandilands JM, Matejusova I, Mayes AS, Smith R. A mortality event in wrasse species ( Labridae) associated with the presence of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus. J Fish Dis 2015; 38:335-341. [PMID: 24661037 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) is an infectious disease of farmed and wild fish and has an extensive host range in both freshwater and marine environments. In December 2012, a wrasse population consisting of ballan, Labrus bergylta (Ascanius), corkwing, Symphodus melops (L.), cuckoo, Labrus mixtus L., goldsinny, Ctenolabrus rupestris (L.), and rock cook, Centrolabrus exoletus (L.), held at a marine hatchery in the Shetland Isles, Scotland, experienced a mortality event. Approximately 10 000 wrasse were being held at the facility on behalf of an Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., aquaculture company prior to being deployed for the biological control of parasites on marine pen Atlantic salmon, aquaculture sites. Fish Health Inspectors from Marine Scotland Science initiated a diagnostic investigation, and subsequent diagnostic testing confirmed the site to be VHSV positive by qRT-PCR and virus isolation followed by ELISA. A VHSV genotype-specific qRT-PCR assay revealed that the isolates belonged to genotype III, the European marine strain of the virus. The virus genotype was further confirmed by nucleic acid sequencing of the partial nucleoprotein (N) and glycoprotein (G) genes followed by BLAST nucleotide searches. This study reports for the first time the detection of VHSV within multiple wrasse species and highlights the need for a comprehensive risk-based approach to the use of wrasse and other finfish species as biological controls within the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Munro
- Marine Laboratory, Marine Scotland Science, Aberdeen, UK
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28
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Taylor BM, Choat JH. Comparative demography of commercially important parrotfish species from Micronesia. J Fish Biol 2014; 84:383-402. [PMID: 24446696 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Fishery-independent sampling was used to determine growth patterns, life span, mortality rates and timing of maturation and sex change in 12 common parrotfishes (Labridae: tribe Scarinae) from five genera (Calotomus, Cetoscarus, Chlorurus, Hipposcarus and Scarus) in Micronesia. Interspecific variation in life-history traits was explored using multivariate analysis. All species displayed strong sex-specific patterns of length-at-age among which males reached larger asymptotic lengths. There was a high level of correlation among life-history traits across species. Relationships between length-based and age-based variables were weakest, with a tenuous link between maximum body size and life span. Cluster analysis based on similarities among life-history traits demonstrated that species were significantly grouped at two major levels. The first grouping was driven by length-based variables (lengths at maturity and sex change and maximum length) and separated the small- and large-bodied species. Within these, species were grouped by age-based variables (age at maturity, mortality and life span). Groupings based on demographic and life-history features were independent of phylogenetic relationships at the given taxonomic level. The results reiterate that body size is an important characteristic differentiating species, but interspecific variation in age-based traits complicates its use as a life-history proxy. Detailed life-history metrics should facilitate future quantitative assessments of vulnerability to overexploitation in multispecies fisheries.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Taylor
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia
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29
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Robalo JI, Castilho R, Francisco SM, Almada F, Knutsen H, Jorde PE, Pereira AM, Almada VC. Northern refugia and recent expansion in the North Sea: the case of the wrasse Symphodus melops (Linnaeus, 1758). Ecol Evol 2012; 2:153-64. [PMID: 22408733 PMCID: PMC3297185 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleistocene climate changes have imposed extreme conditions to intertidal rocky marine communities, forcing many species to significant range shifts in their geographical distributions. Phylogeographic analyses based on both mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers provide a useful approach to unravel phylogeographic patterns and processes of species after this time period, to gain general knowledge of how climatic changes affect shifts in species distributions. We analyzed these patterns on the corkwing wrasse (Symphodus melops, Labridae), a rocky shore species inhabiting North Sea waters and temperate northeastern Atlantic Ocean from Norway to Morocco including the Azores, using a fragment of the mitochondrial control region and the first intron of the nuclear S7 ribosomal protein gene. We found that S. melops shows a clear differentiation between the Atlantic and the Scandinavian populations and a sharp contrast in the genetic diversity, high in the south and low in the north. Within each of these main geographic areas there is little or no genetic differentiation. The species may have persisted throughout the last glacial maximum in the southern areas as paleotemperatures were not lower than they are today in North Scandinavia. The North Sea recolonization most likely took place during the current interglacial and is dominated by a haplotype absent from the south of the study area, but present in Plymouth and Belfast. The possibility of a glacial refugium in or near the English Channel is discussed.
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30
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Hubert N, Paradis E, Bruggemann H, Planes S. Community assembly and diversification in Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes. Ecol Evol 2011; 1:229-77. [PMID: 22393499 PMCID: PMC3287318 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Theories of species coexistence have played a central role in ecology and evolutionary studies of the origin and maintenance of biodiversity in highly diverse communities. The concept of niche and associated theories predict that competition for available ecological space leads to a ceiling in species richness that influences further diversification patterns. By contrast, the neutral theory supports that speciation is stochastic and diversity independent. We examined the phylogenetic community structure and diversification rates in three families and 14 sites within coral reef fish communities from the Indian and Pacific oceans. Using the phylogenetic relationships among 157 species estimated with 2300 bp of mitochondrial DNA, we tested predictions in terms of species coexistence from the neutral and niche theories. At the regional scale, our findings suggest that phylogenetic community structure shifts during community assembly to a pattern of dispersion as a consequence of allopatric speciation in recent times but overall, variations in diversification rates did not relate with sea level changes. At the local scale, the phylogenetic community structure is consistent with a neutral model of community assembly since no departure from a random sorting of species was observed. The present results support a neutral model of community assembly as a consequence of the stochastic and unpredictable nature of coral reefs favoring generalist and sedentary species competing for living space rather than trophic resources. As a consequence, the observed decrease in diversification rates may be seen as the result of a limited supply of living space as expected in a finite island model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Hubert
- Laboratoire ECOMAR, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion15 Avenue René Cassin, BP 7151, 97715 Saint-Denis Cedex 9, Réunion, France
- USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE, CRIOBE–CBETM, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan cedex, France
| | - Emmanuel Paradis
- Institut de Recherche pour le DéveloppementUR226—ISE-M, 361 rue Jean-François Breton, BP 5095, 34196 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Henrich Bruggemann
- Laboratoire ECOMAR, Faculté des Sciences et Technologies, Université de La Réunion15 Avenue René Cassin, BP 7151, 97715 Saint-Denis Cedex 9, Réunion, France
| | - Serge Planes
- USR 3278 CNRS-EPHE, CRIOBE–CBETM, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia52 Avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan cedex, France
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31
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Abstract
An excellent body of literature exists that examines sperm expenditure when males allocate only to sperm production. However, in many species, males can also allocate energy to behaviors that influence sperm competition. We model whether males in sperm competition should allocate energy to mate guarding or additional sperm production. Mate guarding is predicted to lead to greater reproductive success than increased sperm output, and mate-guarding males are not predicted to alter their allocation to sperm production with increasing sperm competition. Only when mate guarding is ineffective or greatly reduces sperm production are males predicted to allocate to sperm production. In a Mediterranean wrasse Symphodus ocellatus, three male alternative reproductive behaviors coexist. While nesting males and satellites guard mates to decrease sperm competition, sneaker males only compete via sperm production. Sneakers produce four times as much sperm per spawn as either nesting males or satellites. As predicted by the model, mate guarding but not sperm production increased with increased risk of sperm competition in nesting males. We argue that this can be explained by nesting males allocating to mate guarding rather than sperm production. Considering allocation among behaviors that affect sperm competition enhances our ability to explain and to predict sperm allocation patterns.
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