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Ye C, Jing T, Sha Y, Mo M, Yu Z. Two new Trichoderma species (Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae) isolated from decaying tubers of Gastrodiaelate. MycoKeys 2023; 99:187-207. [PMID: 37719304 PMCID: PMC10504636 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.99.109404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Species of Trichoderma are widely distributed around the world. In this study, two new species in Trichoderma, named as T.albidum and T.variegatum, were introduced and illustrated. These species were isolated from diseased tubers of Gastrodiaelata in China and identified based on morphological characteristics and multi-gene sequence analyses of three loci that is the internal transcribed spacer regions of the ribosomal DNA (ITS), the translation elongation factor 1-α encoding gene (tef1-α) and the gene encoding the second largest nuclear RNA polymerase subunit (rpb2). Distinctions between the new species and their close relatives were discussed. According to results of the phylogenetic analyses, T.albidum belonged to the Harzianum clade and T.variegatum are grouped with species of the Spirale clade. The expansion of two clades provided research foundations for the prevention and control of tuber diseases in G.elata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuwen Ye
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, ChinaYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Tingting Jing
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, ChinaYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Yuru Sha
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, ChinaYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Minghe Mo
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, ChinaYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Zefen Yu
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, ChinaYunnan UniversityKunmingChina
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Tang D, Huang O, Zou W, Wang Y, Wang Y, Dong Q, Sun T, Yang G, Yu H. Six new species of zombie-ant fungi from Yunnan in China. IMA Fungus 2023; 14:9. [PMID: 37170179 PMCID: PMC10173673 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-023-00114-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Some Ophiocordyceps species infecting ants are able to manipulate the host behavior. The hosts are manipulated in order to move to location that are advantageous for fungal spore transmission. Ophiocordyceps species that are able to manipulate the ant's behavior are called "zombie-ant fungi". They are widespread within tropical forests worldwide, with relatively few reports from subtropical monsoon evergreen broad-leaf forest. Zombie-ant fungi have been described and reported in different countries worldwide. However, there were a few reports from China. This study proposed six new species of zombie-ant fungi from China based on multi-gene (SSU, LSU, TEF, RPB1 and RPB2) phylogenetic analyses and morphological characteristics. Six novel species of Ophiocordyceps from China were identified as the Ophiocordyceps unilateralis core clade, forming a separate lineage with other species. Six novel species of Ophiocordyceps with hirsutella-like asexual morphs exclusively infecting ants were presented herein, namely, Ophiocordyceps acroasca, Ophiocordyceps bifertilis, Ophiocordyceps subtiliphialida, Ophiocordyceps basiasca, Ophiocordyceps nuozhaduensis and Ophiocordyceps contiispora. Descriptions and illustrations for six taxon were provided. Five of these species were collected from the subtropical monsoon evergreen broad-leaf forest, and one was collected from the rainforest and subtropical monsoon evergreen broad-leaf forest. This work proposes that the same host of Camponotus can be infected by multiple ant pathogenic fungi, while multiple ants of Polyrhachis can be infected by the same pathogenic fungi at the same time. This study contributes towards a better understanding of the evolutionary relationship between hosts and fungi, and provides novel insights into the morphology, distribution, parasitism, and ecology of Ophiocordyceps unilateralis sensu lato. We have provided a method for obtaining living cultures of Ophiocordyceps unilateralis complex species and their asexual morphs based on the living cultures, which is of significant value for further studies of Ophiocordyceps unilateralis complex species in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexiang Tang
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Ou Huang
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Weiqiu Zou
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Yuanbing Wang
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Quanying Dong
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
- School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China
| | - Gang Yang
- The Council of Management and Conservation of Sun River National Park, Puer, 665000, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650504, China.
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Zhang B, Li X, Li G, Wang QM, Wang M. Cadophora species from marine glaciers in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: an example of unsuspected hidden biodiversity. IMA Fungus 2022; 13:15. [PMID: 36064458 PMCID: PMC9446811 DOI: 10.1186/s43008-022-00102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Large numbers of marine glaciers in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau are especially sensitive to changes of climate and surface conditions. They have suffered fast accumulation and melting and retreated quickly in recent years. In 2017, we surveyed the cold-adapted fungi in these unique habitats and obtained 1208 fungal strains. Based on preliminary analysis of ITS sequences, 41 isolates belonging to the genus Cadophora were detected. As one of the most frequently encountered genera, the Cadophora isolates were studied in detail. Two phylogenetic trees were constructed: one was based on the partial large subunit nrDNA (LSU) to infer taxonomic placement of our isolates and the other was based on multi-locus sequences of LSU, ITS, TUB and TEF-1α to investigate more exact phylogenetic relationships between Cadophora and allied genera. Combined with morphological characteristics, nine Cadophora species were determined, including seven new to science. Among the new species, only C. inflata produces holoblastic conidia and all the others express phialidic conidiogenesis. All isolates have optimum growth temperature at 20 °C or 25 °C. With more species involved, the currently circumscribed genus became obviously paraphyletic. All members are clustered into two main clades: one clade mainly includes most of the Cadophora species which have phialidic conidiogenesis and we refer to as ‘Cadophora s. str.’; the remaining Cadophora species have multiform conidiogenesis and are clustered in the second clade, with members of other genera in Ploettnerulaceae interspersed among the subclades. The results show a high diversity of Cadophora from marine glaciers in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and most of them are novel species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Zhang
- Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Science and Technology Division, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Guojie Li
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Hebei, Collaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, 071001, Hebei, China
| | - Qi-Ming Wang
- Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China.
| | - Manman Wang
- Engineering Laboratory of Microbial Breeding and Preservation of Hebei Province, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, Hebei, China.
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Crous P, Lombard L, Sandoval-Denis M, Seifert K, Schroers HJ, Chaverri P, Gené J, Guarro J, Hirooka Y, Bensch K, Kema G, Lamprecht S, Cai L, Rossman A, Stadler M, Summerbell R, Taylor J, Ploch S, Visagie C, Yilmaz N, Frisvad J, Abdel-Azeem A, Abdollahzadeh J, Abdolrasouli A, Akulov A, Alberts J, Araújo J, Ariyawansa H, Bakhshi M, Bendiksby M, Ben Hadj Amor A, Bezerra J, Boekhout T, Câmara M, Carbia M, Cardinali G, Castañeda-Ruiz R, Celis A, Chaturvedi V, Collemare J, Croll D, Damm U, Decock C, de Vries R, Ezekiel C, Fan X, Fernández N, Gaya E, González C, Gramaje D, Groenewald J, Grube M, Guevara-Suarez M, Gupta V, Guarnaccia V, Haddaji A, Hagen F, Haelewaters D, Hansen K, Hashimoto A, Hernández-Restrepo M, Houbraken J, Hubka V, Hyde K, Iturriaga T, Jeewon R, Johnston P, Jurjević Ž, Karalti İ, Korsten L, Kuramae E, Kušan I, Labuda R, Lawrence D, Lee H, Lechat C, Li H, Litovka Y, Maharachchikumbura S, Marin-Felix Y, Matio Kemkuignou B, Matočec N, McTaggart A, Mlčoch P, Mugnai L, Nakashima C, Nilsson R, Noumeur S, Pavlov I, Peralta M, Phillips A, Pitt J, Polizzi G, Quaedvlieg W, Rajeshkumar K, Restrepo S, Rhaiem A, Robert J, Robert V, Rodrigues A, Salgado-Salazar C, Samson R, Santos A, Shivas R, Souza-Motta C, Sun G, Swart W, Szoke S, Tan Y, Taylor J, Taylor P, Tiago P, Váczy K, van de Wiele N, van der Merwe N, Verkley G, Vieira W, Vizzini A, Weir B, Wijayawardene N, Xia J, Yáñez-Morales M, Yurkov A, Zamora J, Zare R, Zhang C, Thines M. Fusarium: more than a node or a foot-shaped basal cell. Stud Mycol 2021; 98:100116. [PMID: 34466168 PMCID: PMC8379525 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2021.100116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent publications have argued that there are potentially serious consequences for researchers in recognising distinct genera in the terminal fusarioid clade of the family Nectriaceae. Thus, an alternate hypothesis, namely a very broad concept of the genus Fusarium was proposed. In doing so, however, a significant body of data that supports distinct genera in Nectriaceae based on morphology, biology, and phylogeny is disregarded. A DNA phylogeny based on 19 orthologous protein-coding genes was presented to support a very broad concept of Fusarium at the F1 node in Nectriaceae. Here, we demonstrate that re-analyses of this dataset show that all 19 genes support the F3 node that represents Fusarium sensu stricto as defined by F. sambucinum (sexual morph synonym Gibberella pulicaris). The backbone of the phylogeny is resolved by the concatenated alignment, but only six of the 19 genes fully support the F1 node, representing the broad circumscription of Fusarium. Furthermore, a re-analysis of the concatenated dataset revealed alternate topologies in different phylogenetic algorithms, highlighting the deep divergence and unresolved placement of various Nectriaceae lineages proposed as members of Fusarium. Species of Fusarium s. str. are characterised by Gibberella sexual morphs, asexual morphs with thin- or thick-walled macroconidia that have variously shaped apical and basal cells, and trichothecene mycotoxin production, which separates them from other fusarioid genera. Here we show that the Wollenweber concept of Fusarium presently accounts for 20 segregate genera with clear-cut synapomorphic traits, and that fusarioid macroconidia represent a character that has been gained or lost multiple times throughout Nectriaceae. Thus, the very broad circumscription of Fusarium is blurry and without apparent synapomorphies, and does not include all genera with fusarium-like macroconidia, which are spread throughout Nectriaceae (e.g., Cosmosporella, Macroconia, Microcera). In this study four new genera are introduced, along with 18 new species and 16 new combinations. These names convey information about relationships, morphology, and ecological preference that would otherwise be lost in a broader definition of Fusarium. To assist users to correctly identify fusarioid genera and species, we introduce a new online identification database, Fusarioid-ID, accessible at www.fusarium.org. The database comprises partial sequences from multiple genes commonly used to identify fusarioid taxa (act1, CaM, his3, rpb1, rpb2, tef1, tub2, ITS, and LSU). In this paper, we also present a nomenclator of names that have been introduced in Fusarium up to January 2021 as well as their current status, types, and diagnostic DNA barcode data. In this study, researchers from 46 countries, representing taxonomists, plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, and students, strongly support the application and use of a more precisely delimited Fusarium (= Gibberella) concept to accommodate taxa from the robust monophyletic node F3 on the basis of a well-defined and unique combination of morphological and biochemical features. This F3 node includes, among others, species of the F. fujikuroi, F. incarnatum-equiseti, F. oxysporum, and F. sambucinum species complexes, but not species of Bisifusarium [F. dimerum species complex (SC)], Cyanonectria (F. buxicola SC), Geejayessia (F. staphyleae SC), Neocosmospora (F. solani SC) or Rectifusarium (F. ventricosum SC). The present study represents the first step to generating a new online monograph of Fusarium and allied fusarioid genera (www.fusarium.org).
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Key Words
- Apiognomonia platani (Lév.) L. Lombard
- Atractium ciliatum Link
- Atractium pallidum Bonord.
- Calloria tremelloides (Grev.) L. Lombard
- Cephalosporium sacchari E.J. Butler
- Cosmosporella cavisperma (Corda) Sand.-Den., L. Lombard & Crous
- Cylindrodendrum orthosporum (Sacc. & P. Syd.) L. Lombard
- Dialonectria volutella (Ellis & Everh.) L. Lombard & Sand.-Den.
- Fusarium aeruginosum Delacr.
- Fusarium agaricorum Sarrazin
- Fusarium albidoviolaceum Dasz.
- Fusarium aleyrodis Petch
- Fusarium amentorum Lacroix
- Fusarium annuum Leonian
- Fusarium arcuatum Berk. & M.A. Curtis
- Fusarium aridum O.A. Pratt
- Fusarium armeniacum (G.A. Forbes et al.) L.W. Burgess & Summerell
- Fusarium arthrosporioides Sherb.
- Fusarium asparagi Delacr.
- Fusarium batatas Wollenw.
- Fusarium biforme Sherb.
- Fusarium buharicum Jacz. ex Babajan & Teterevn.-Babajan
- Fusarium cactacearum Pasin. & Buzz.-Trav.
- Fusarium cacti-maxonii Pasin. & Buzz.-Trav.
- Fusarium caudatum Wollenw.
- Fusarium cavispermum Corda
- Fusarium cepae Hanzawa
- Fusarium cesatii Rabenh.
- Fusarium citriforme Jamal.
- Fusarium citrinum Wollenw.
- Fusarium citrulli Taubenh.
- Fusarium clavatum Sherb.
- Fusarium coccinellum Kalchbr.
- Fusarium cromyophthoron Sideris
- Fusarium cucurbitae Taubenh.
- Fusarium cuneiforme Sherb.
- Fusarium delacroixii Sacc.
- Fusarium dimerum var. nectrioides Wollenw.
- Fusarium echinatum Sand.-Den. & G.J. Marais
- Fusarium epicoccum McAlpine
- Fusarium eucheliae Sartory, R. Sartory & J. Mey.
- Fusarium fissum Peyl
- Fusarium flocciferum Corda
- Fusarium gemmiperda Aderh.
- Fusarium genevense Dasz.
- Fusarium graminearum Schwabe
- Fusarium graminum Corda
- Fusarium heterosporioides Fautrey
- Fusarium heterosporum Nees & T. Nees
- Fusarium idahoanum O.A. Pratt
- Fusarium juruanum Henn.
- Fusarium lanceolatum O.A. Pratt
- Fusarium lateritium Nees
- Fusarium loncheceras Sideris
- Fusarium longipes Wollenw. & Reinking
- Fusarium lyarnte J.L. Walsh, Sangal., L.W. Burgess, E.C.Y. Liew & Summerell
- Fusarium malvacearum Taubenh.
- Fusarium martii f. phaseoli Burkh.
- Fusarium muentzii Delacr.
- Fusarium nigrum O.A. Pratt
- Fusarium oxysporum var. asclerotium Sherb.
- Fusarium palczewskii Jacz.
- Fusarium palustre W.H. Elmer & Marra
- Fusarium polymorphum Matr.
- Fusarium poolense Taubenh.
- Fusarium prieskaense G.J. Marais & Sand.-Den.
- Fusarium prunorum McAlpine
- Fusarium pusillum Wollenw.
- Fusarium putrefaciens Osterw.
- Fusarium redolens Wollenw.
- Fusarium reticulatum Mont.
- Fusarium rhizochromatistes Sideris
- Fusarium rhizophilum Corda
- Fusarium rhodellum McAlpine
- Fusarium roesleri Thüm.
- Fusarium rostratum Appel & Wollenw.
- Fusarium rubiginosum Appel & Wollenw.
- Fusarium rubrum Parav.
- Fusarium samoense Gehrm.
- Fusarium scirpi Lambotte & Fautrey
- Fusarium secalis Jacz.
- Fusarium spinaciae Hungerf.
- Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb.
- Fusarium stercoris Fuckel
- Fusarium stilboides Wollenw.
- Fusarium stillatum De Not. ex Sacc.
- Fusarium sublunatum Reinking
- Fusarium succisae Schröt. ex Sacc.
- Fusarium tabacivorum Delacr.
- Fusarium trichothecioides Wollenw.
- Fusarium tritici Liebman
- Fusarium tuberivorum Wilcox & G.K. Link
- Fusarium tumidum var. humi Reinking
- Fusarium ustilaginis Kellerm. & Swingle
- Fusarium viticola Thüm.
- Fusarium werrikimbe J.L. Walsh, L.W. Burgess, E.C.Y. Liew & B.A. Summerell
- Fusarium willkommii Lindau
- Fusarium xylarioides Steyaert
- Fusarium zygopetali Delacr.
- Fusicolla meniscoidea L. Lombard & Sand.-Den.
- Fusicolla quarantenae J.D.P. Bezerra, Sand.-Den., Crous & Souza-Motta
- Fusicolla sporellula Sand.-Den. & L. Lombard
- Fusisporium andropogonis Cooke ex Thüm.
- Fusisporium anthophilum A. Braun
- Fusisporium arundinis Corda
- Fusisporium avenaceum Fr.
- Fusisporium clypeaster Corda
- Fusisporium culmorum Wm.G. Sm.
- Fusisporium didymum Harting
- Fusisporium elasticae Thüm.
- Fusisporium episphaericum Cooke & Ellis
- Fusisporium flavidum Bonord.
- Fusisporium hordei Wm.G. Sm.
- Fusisporium incarnatum Roberge ex Desm.
- Fusisporium lolii Wm.G. Sm.
- Fusisporium pandani Corda
- Gibberella phyllostachydicola W. Yamam.
- Hymenella aurea (Corda) L. Lombard
- Hymenella spermogoniopsis (Jul. Müll.) L. Lombard & Sand.-Den.
- Luteonectria Sand.-Den., L. Lombard, Schroers & Rossman
- Luteonectria albida (Rossman) Sand.-Den. & L. Lombard
- Luteonectria nematophila (Nirenberg & Hagedorn) Sand.-Den. & L. Lombard
- Macroconia bulbipes Crous & Sand.-Den.
- Macroconia phlogioides Sand.-Den. & Crous
- Menispora penicillata Harz
- Multi-gene phylogeny
- Mycotoxins
- Nectriaceae
- Neocosmospora
- Neocosmospora epipeda Quaedvl. & Sand.-Den.
- Neocosmospora floridana (T. Aoki et al.) L. Lombard & Sand.-Den.
- Neocosmospora merkxiana Quaedvl. & Sand.-Den.
- Neocosmospora neerlandica Crous & Sand.-Den.
- Neocosmospora nelsonii Crous & Sand.-Den.
- Neocosmospora obliquiseptata (T. Aoki et al.) L. Lombard & Sand.-Den.
- Neocosmospora pseudopisi Sand.-Den. & L. Lombard
- Neocosmospora rekana (Lynn & Marinc.) L. Lombard & Sand.-Den.
- Neocosmospora tuaranensis (T. Aoki et al.) L. Lombard & Sand.-Den.
- Nothofusarium Crous, Sand.-Den. & L. Lombard
- Nothofusarium devonianum L. Lombard, Crous & Sand.-Den.
- Novel taxa
- Pathogen
- Scolecofusarium L. Lombard, Sand.-Den. & Crous
- Scolecofusarium ciliatum (Link) L. Lombard, Sand.-Den. & Crous
- Selenosporium equiseti Corda
- Selenosporium hippocastani Corda
- Selenosporium sarcochroum Desm
- Selenosporium urticearum Corda.
- Setofusarium (Nirenberg & Samuels) Crous & Sand.-Den.
- Setofusarium setosum (Samuels & Nirenberg) Sand.-Den. & Crous.
- Sphaeria sanguinea var. cicatricum Berk.
- Sporotrichum poae Peck.
- Stylonectria corniculata Gräfenhan, Crous & Sand.-Den.
- Stylonectria hetmanica Akulov, Crous & Sand.-Den.
- Taxonomy
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Affiliation(s)
- P.W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - L. Lombard
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M. Sandoval-Denis
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Microbial Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - K.A. Seifert
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - H.-J. Schroers
- Plant Protection Department, Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Hacquetova ulica 17, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - P. Chaverri
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Escuela de Biología and Centro de Investigaciones en Productos Naturales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica
| | - J. Gené
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut i Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - J. Guarro
- Unitat de Micologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut i Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201, Reus, Spain
| | - Y. Hirooka
- Department of Clinical Plant Science, Faculty of Bioscience, Hosei University, 3-7-2 Kajino-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8584, Japan
| | - K. Bensch
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - G.H.J. Kema
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - S.C. Lamprecht
- ARC-Plant Health and Protection, Private Bag X5017, Stellenbosch, 7599, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - L. Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - A.Y. Rossman
- Department of Botany & Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97330, USA
| | - M. Stadler
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - R.C. Summerbell
- Sporometrics, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J.W. Taylor
- Plant and Microbial Biology, 111 Koshland Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA
| | - S. Ploch
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - C.M. Visagie
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - N. Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J.C. Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, DTU-Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - A.M. Abdel-Azeem
- Systematic Mycology Lab., Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - J. Abdollahzadeh
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, P.O. Box 416, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - A. Abdolrasouli
- Department of Medical Microbiology, King's College Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - A. Akulov
- Department of Mycology and Plant Resistance, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Maidan Svobody 4, 61022, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - J.F. Alberts
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 1906, Bellville, 7535, South Africa
| | - J.P.M. Araújo
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - H.A. Ariyawansa
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec.4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 106, Taiwan, ROC
| | - M. Bakhshi
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 19395-1454, Tehran, Iran
| | - M. Bendiksby
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Norway
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Trondheim, Norway
| | - A. Ben Hadj Amor
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J.D.P. Bezerra
- Setor de Micologia/Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Rua 235 - s/n – Setor Universitário - CEP: 74605-050, Universidade Federal de Goiás/Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - T. Boekhout
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M.P.S. Câmara
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, PE, Brazil
| | - M. Carbia
- Departamento de Parasitología y Micología, Instituto de Higiene, Facultad de Medicina – Universidad de la República, Av. A. Navarro 3051, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - G. Cardinali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Via Borgo 20 Giugno, 74 Perugia, Italy
| | - R.F. Castañeda-Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical Alejandro de Humboldt (INIFAT), Académico Titular de la Academia de Ciencias de, Cuba
| | - A. Celis
- Grupo de Investigación Celular y Molecular de Microorganismos Patógenos (CeMoP), Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Los Andes, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia
| | - V. Chaturvedi
- Mycology Laboratory, New York State Department of Health Wadsworth Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - J. Collemare
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - D. Croll
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, CH-2000, Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - U. Damm
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, PF 300 154, 02806, Görlitz, Germany
| | - C.A. Decock
- Mycothèque de l'Université catholique de Louvain (MUCL, BCCMTM), Earth and Life Institute – ELIM – Mycology, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2 bte L7.05.06, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - R.P. de Vries
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - C.N. Ezekiel
- Department of Microbiology, Babcock University, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - X.L. Fan
- The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - N.B. Fernández
- Laboratorio de Micología Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E. Gaya
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3DS, UK
| | - C.D. González
- Laboratorio de Salud de Bosques y Ecosistemas, Instituto de Conservación, Biodiversidad y Territorio, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Austral de Chile, casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
| | - D. Gramaje
- Institute of Grapevine and Wine Sciences (ICVV), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)-University of La Rioja-Government of La Rioja, Logroño, 26007, Spain
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M. Grube
- Institut für Biologie, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - M. Guevara-Suarez
- Applied genomics research group, Universidad de los Andes, Cr 1 # 18 a 12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - V.K. Gupta
- Center for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK
| | - V. Guarnaccia
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry and Food Sciences (DISAFA), University of Torino, Largo P. Braccini 2, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | | | - F. Hagen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - D. Haelewaters
- Research Group Mycology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, 35 K.L. Ledeganckstraat, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - K. Hansen
- Department of Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 50007, SE-104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A. Hashimoto
- Microbe Division/Japan Collection of Microorganisms RIKEN BioResource Research Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0074, Japan
| | | | - J. Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - V. Hubka
- Department of Botany, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - K.D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chaing Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - T. Iturriaga
- Cornell University, 334 Plant Science Building, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - R. Jeewon
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - P.R. Johnston
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ž. Jurjević
- EMSL Analytical, Inc., 200 Route 130 North, Cinnaminson, NJ, 08077, USA
| | - İ. Karalti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Yeditepe University, Turkey
| | - L. Korsten
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20 Hatfield, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
| | - E.E. Kuramae
- Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Department of Microbial Ecology, Droevendaalsesteeg 10, 6708 PB, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Ecology and Biodiversity, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - I. Kušan
- Laboratory for Biological Diversity, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - R. Labuda
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna (VetMed), Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210 Vienna and BiMM – Bioactive Microbial Metabolites group, 3430 Tulln a.d. Donau, Austria
| | - D.P. Lawrence
- University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - H.B. Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biological Chemistry, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Yongbong-Dong 300, Buk-Gu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea
| | - C. Lechat
- Ascofrance, 64 route de Chizé, 79360, Villiers-en-Bois, France
| | - H.Y. Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Ministry of Agriculture, The Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Y.A. Litovka
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Laboratory of Reforestation, Mycology and Plant Pathology, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
- Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Technology of Wood and Biotechnology, Krasnoyarsk, 660037, Russia
| | - S.S.N. Maharachchikumbura
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Y. Marin-Felix
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - B. Matio Kemkuignou
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - N. Matočec
- Laboratory for Biological Diversity, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A.R. McTaggart
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, G.P.O. Box 267, Brisbane, 4001, Australia
| | - P. Mlčoch
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - L. Mugnai
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), Plant Pathology and Entomology section, University of Florence, P.le delle Cascine 28, 50144, Firenze, Italy
| | - C. Nakashima
- Graduate school of Bioresources, Mie University, Kurima-machiya 1577, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - R.H. Nilsson
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Center at the Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Box 461, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S.R. Noumeur
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Batna 2, Batna, 05000, Algeria
| | - I.N. Pavlov
- V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS, Laboratory of Reforestation, Mycology and Plant Pathology, Krasnoyarsk, 660036, Russia
- Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Department of Chemical Technology of Wood and Biotechnology, Krasnoyarsk, 660037, Russia
| | - M.P. Peralta
- Laboratorio de Micodiversidad y Micoprospección, PROIMI-CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, Argentina
| | - A.J.L. Phillips
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J.I. Pitt
- Microbial Screening Technologies, 28 Percival Rd, Smithfield, NSW, 2164, Australia
| | - G. Polizzi
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, sez. Patologia vegetale, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - W. Quaedvlieg
- Phytopathology, Van Zanten Breeding B.V., Lavendelweg 15, 1435 EW, Rijsenhout, the Netherlands
| | - K.C. Rajeshkumar
- National Fungal Culture Collection of India (NFCCI), Biodiversity and Palaeobiology (Fungi) Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, 411 004, India
| | - S. Restrepo
- Laboratory of Mycology and Phytopathology – (LAMFU), Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Cr 1 # 18 a 12, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - A. Rhaiem
- Plant Pathology and Population Genetics, Laboratory of Microorganisms, National Gene Bank, Tunisia
| | | | - V. Robert
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A.M. Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Emerging Fungal Pathogens, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology, Discipline of Cellular Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 04023062, Brazil
| | - C. Salgado-Salazar
- USDA-ARS Mycology & Nematology Genetic Diversity & Biology Laboratory, Bldg. 010A, Rm. 212, BARC-West, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - R.A. Samson
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A.C.S. Santos
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociências, Cidade Universitária, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - R.G. Shivas
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - C.M. Souza-Motta
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociências, Cidade Universitária, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - G.Y. Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - W.J. Swart
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa
| | | | - Y.P. Tan
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, 4350, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Plant Pathology Herbarium, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Dutton Park, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - J.E. Taylor
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, United Kingdom
| | - P.W.J. Taylor
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - P.V. Tiago
- Departamento de Micologia Prof. Chaves Batista, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociências, Cidade Universitária, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, s/n, Recife, PE, CEP: 50670-901, Brazil
| | - K.Z. Váczy
- Food and Wine Research Institute, Eszterházy Károly University, 6 Leányka Street, H-3300, Eger, Hungary
| | | | - N.A. van der Merwe
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, P. Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - G.J.M. Verkley
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, 3508 AD, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - W.A.S. Vieira
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, 52171-900, PE, Brazil
| | - A. Vizzini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino and Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP-SS Turin), C.N.R, Viale P.A. Mattioli, 25, I-10125, Torino, Italy
| | - B.S. Weir
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - N.N. Wijayawardene
- Center for Yunnan Plateau Biological Resources Protection and Utilization, College of Biological Resource and Food Engineering, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, Yunnan, 655011, China
| | - J.W. Xia
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - M.J. Yáñez-Morales
- Fitosanidad, Colegio de Postgraduados-Campus Montecillo, Montecillo-Texcoco, 56230 Edo. de Mexico, Mexico
| | - A. Yurkov
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Inhoffenstrasse 7 B, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J.C. Zamora
- Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 16, SE-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R. Zare
- Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 19395-1454, Tehran, Iran
| | - C.L. Zhang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - M. Thines
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Center, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Max-von-Laue Str. 13, D-60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- LOEWE Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Georg-Voigt-Str. 14-16, D-60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Wang QH, Zhang Y, Zhang YT, Li D, Lin XL, Lyu J. First report of leaf spot disease caused by Colletotrichum siamense on Cornus hongkongensis (Hemsl.) in China. Plant Dis 2021; 105:1860. [PMID: 33622060 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-20-2525-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cornus hongkongensis (Hemsl.) is an excellent ornamental tree species in China and elsewhere. In 2019, C. hongkongensis anthracnose was firstly observed at the campus of Jiangxi Agricultural University (JXAU) (28°45'56″N, 115°50'21″E), then found in parks, Nanchang, China. In early August, the disease appeared and lasted until the leaves dropped (November). The disease incidence was above 60%, and the diseased leaf rate was above 70%. The lesions mostly appeared along the leaf edges. Some small round to irregular lesions also developed in other parts of the leaves. These diseased leaves had circular or irregularly shaped spots with gray-white color in the center and dark brown on the edge of the lesions. Later, the lesions became necrotic and shriveled. As the disease progressed, the spots coalesced so that affected leaves appeared blighted (Supplementary Figure 1 A-C). To identify the pathogen, leaves with typical symptoms from the campus of JXAU were collected and small pieces (5 × 5 mm) from the lesion borders were surfaced sterilized in 70% ethanol for 30 s, followed by 1 min in 3% NaOCl, and then rinsed with sterile distilled water three times. Leaf pieces were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 25 °C under a 12-h light/dark cycle (3000 lx). Pure cultures were obtained from individual conidia by single spore isolates. For studies of microscopic morphology, a representative isolate JX-S4 was subcultured on PDA. The colony of JX-S4 was white and turning gray and light gray on the reverse side, producing dark-green pigmentation near the center (Supplementary Figure 1 D). The conidia were one-celled, straight, hyaline, subcylindrical with rounded ends and 16.9 ± 1.6 × 6.0 ± 0.6 µm (n = 50) in size. Appressoria were one-celled, pale brown, thick-walled, ellipsoidal, and measured 8.7 ± 1.7 × 6.4 ± 0.8 µm (n = 50) (Supplementary Figure 1 E, F). The morphological characteristics of JX-S4 matched those of the Colletotrichum siamense species (Weir et al. 2012). For accurate identification, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the genes encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), chitin synthase (CHS-I), beta-tubulin 2 (TUB2), and calmodulin (CAL) were respectively amplified with primers ITS1/ITS4, GDF/GDR, CHS-79F/CHS-345R, βt2a/βt2b, and CL1/CL2. The sequences were deposited in GenBank (Accession nos. MT587807, MT628710, MT628709, MT628711, and MT628708). Phylogenetic analysis was calculated with concatenated sequences (ITS, GAPDH, CHS-I, CAL, and TUB2) using MEGA 7. In the maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree, Isolate JX-S4 was clustered with C. siamense with 93% bootstrap support (Supplementary Figure 2). Based on the morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, JX-S4 was identified as C. siamense. Pathogenicity test of JX-S4 was verified on 45 attached healthy leaves from three C. hongkongensis plants (10-year-old) at the campus of JXAU inoculated with mycelial plugs (φ=5 mm) from the culture edge (6-day-old) on PDA. And an additional 45 healthy leaves were inoculated with PDA plugs as controls. The leaves were wounded with a red-hot needle (φ=0.5 mm). All treatment and control leaves were wrapped up with black plastic bags to keep them moist for 2 days. The pathogenicity tests were repeated twice. Within 7 days, all the inoculated leaves developed the lesions, which were similar to those observed in the field. Control leaves were asymptomatic (Supplementary Figure 1 G, H). The same fungus was re-isolated from the symptomatic tissues, fulfilling Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. siamense causing C. hongkongensis anthracnose. This finding provides crucial information for managing this disease. For example, when diagnosing Cornus anthracnose, C. siamense needs to be looked out for and appropriate control measures implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hai Wang
- Shandong Provincial Academy of Forestry, Jinan, Shandong, China;
| | - Yang Zhang
- Jiangxi Agricultural University, 91595, forest of college, No. 1101, Zhiminda Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China, 330045;
| | | | - Dong Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for the Protection and Restoration of Forest Ecosystem in Poyang Lake Basin, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China;
| | - Xiao-Li Lin
- Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, Dezhou, Shandong, China;
| | - Juan Lyu
- Jinan Municipal Garden and Plant Cultivation Center, Jinan, China;
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Abstract
Calonectria represents a genus of phytopathogenic ascomycetous fungi with a worldwide distribution. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of taxonomic studies on these fungi. Currently, there are 169 described species of Calonectria based on comparisons of DNA sequence data, combined with morphological characteristics. However, for some of these species, the sequence data utilised at the time of their description were relatively limited. This has justified an urgent need to reconsider the species boundaries for Calonectria based on robust genus-wide phylogenetic analyses. In this study, we utilised 240 available isolates including the ex-types of 128 Calonectria species, and re-sequenced eight gene regions (act, cmdA, his3, ITS, LSU, rpb2, tef1 and tub2) for them. Sequences for 44 Calonectria species, for which cultures could not be obtained, were downloaded from GenBank. DNA sequence data of all the 169 Calonectria species were then used to determine their phylogenetic relationships. As a consequence, 51 species were reduced to synonymy, two new species were identified, and the name Ca. lauri was validated. This resulted in the acceptance of 120 clearly defined Calonectria spp. The overall data revealed that the genus includes 11 species complexes, distributed across the Prolate and Sphaero-Naviculate Groups known to divide Calonectria. The results also made it possible to develop a robust set of DNA barcodes for Calonectria spp. To accomplish this goal, we evaluated the outcomes of each of the eight candidate DNA barcodes for the genus, as well as for each of the 11 species complexes. No single gene region provided a clear identity for all Calonectria species. Sequences of the tef1 and tub2 genes were the most reliable markers; those for the cmdA, his3, rpb2 and act gene regions also provided a relatively effective resolution for Calonectria spp., while the ITS and LSU failed to produce useful barcodes for species discrimination. At the species complex level, results showed that the most informative barcodes were inconsistent, but that a combination of six candidate barcodes (tef1, tub2, cmdA, his3, rpb2 and act) provided stable and reliable resolution for all 11 species complexes. A six-gene combined phylogeny resolved all 120 Calonectria species, and revealed that tef1, tub2, cmdA, his3, rpb2 and act gene regions are effective DNA barcodes for Calonectria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q L Liu
- China Eucalypt Research Centre (CERC), Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), ZhanJiang, 524022, GuangDong Province, China.,State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (SKLTGB), Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Haidian District, 100091, Beijing, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - J Q Li
- China Eucalypt Research Centre (CERC), Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), ZhanJiang, 524022, GuangDong Province, China.,State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (SKLTGB), Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Haidian District, 100091, Beijing, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - M J Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - T A Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - B D Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa
| | - P W Crous
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology (BGM), Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0028, South Africa.,Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584, CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - S F Chen
- China Eucalypt Research Centre (CERC), Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), ZhanJiang, 524022, GuangDong Province, China.,State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding (SKLTGB), Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Haidian District, 100091, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Background Terrestrial, freshwater and marine green algae constitute the large and morphologically diverse phylum of Chlorophyta, which gave rise to the core chlorophytes. Chlorophyta are abundant and diverse in freshwater environments where sometimes they form nuisance blooms under eutrophication conditions. The phylogenetic relationships among core chlorophyte clades (Chlorodendrophyceae, Ulvophyceae, Trebouxiophyceae and Chlorophyceae), are of particular interest as it is a species-rich phylum with ecological importance worldwide, but are still poorly understood. In the Mediterranean ecoregion, data on molecular characterization of eukaryotic microalgae strains are limited and current knowledge is based on ecological studies of natural populations. In the present study we report the isolation and characterization of 11 green microalgae strains from Greece contributing more information for the taxonomy of Chlorophyta. The study combined morphological and molecular data. Results Phylogenetic analysis based on 18S rRNA, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the large subunit of the ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase (rbcL) gene revealed eight taxa. Eleven green algae strains were classified in four orders (Sphaeropleales, Chlorellales, Chlamydomonadales and Chaetophorales) and were represented by four genera; one strain was not assigned to any genus. Most strains (six) were classified to the genus Desmodesmus, two strains to genus Chlorella, one to genus Spongiosarcinopsis and one filamentous strain to genus Uronema. One strain is placed in a separate independent branch within the Chlamydomonadales and deserves further research. Conclusions Our study reports, for the first time, the presence of Uronema in an aquatic environment up to 40 °C and reveals new diversity within the Chlamydomonadales. The results from the ITS region and the rbcL gene corroborated those obtained from 18S rRNA without providing further information or resolving the phylogenetic relationships within certain genera, due to the limited number of ITS and rbcL sequences available. The comparison of molecular and morphological data showed that they were congruent. Cosmopolitan genera with high worldwide distribution inhabit Greek freshwaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urania Lortou
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 109, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Spyros Gkelis
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, P.O. Box 109, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Wang XW, Bai FY, Bensch K, Meijer M, Sun BD, Han YF, Crous PW, Samson RA, Yang FY, Houbraken J. Phylogenetic re-evaluation of Thielavia with the introduction of a new family Podosporaceae. Stud Mycol 2019; 93:155-252. [PMID: 31824584 PMCID: PMC6816082 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Thielavia is morphologically defined by having non-ostiolate ascomata with a thin peridium composed of textura epidermoidea, and smooth, single-celled, pigmented ascospores with one germ pore. Thielavia is typified with Th. basicola that grows in close association with a hyphomycete which was traditionally identified as Thielaviopsis basicola. Besides Th. basicola exhibiting the mycoparasitic nature, the majority of the described Thielavia species are from soil, and some have economic and ecological importance. Unfortunately, no living type material of Th. basicola exists, hindering a proper understanding of the classification of Thielavia. Therefore, Thielavia basicola was neotypified by material of a mycoparasite presenting the same ecology and morphology as described in the original description. We subsequently performed a multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (rpb2, tub2, ITS and LSU) to resolve the phylogenetic relationships of the species currently recognised in Thielavia. Our results demonstrate that Thielavia is highly polyphyletic, being related to three family-level lineages in two orders. The redefined genus Thielavia is restricted to its type species, Th. basicola, which belongs to the Ceratostomataceae (Melanosporales) and its host is demonstrated to be Berkeleyomyces rouxiae, one of the two species in the "Thielaviopsis basicola" species complex. The new family Podosporaceae is sister to the Chaetomiaceae in the Sordariales and accommodates the re-defined genera Podospora, Trangularia and Cladorrhinum, with the last genus including two former Thielavia species (Th. hyalocarpa and Th. intermedia). This family also includes the genetic model species Podospora anserina, which was combined in Triangularia (as Triangularia anserina). The remaining Thielavia species fall in ten unrelated clades in the Chaetomiaceae, leading to the proposal of nine new genera (Carteria, Chrysanthotrichum, Condenascus, Hyalosphaerella, Microthielavia, Parathielavia, Pseudothielavia, Stolonocarpus and Thermothielavioides). The genus Canariomyces is transferred from Microascaceae (Microascales) to Chaetomiaceae based on its type species Can. notabilis. Canariomyces is closely related to the human-pathogenic genus Madurella, and includes three thielavia-like species and one novel species. Three monotypic genera with a chaetomium-like morph (Brachychaeta, Chrysocorona and Floropilus) are introduced to better resolve the Chaetomiaceae and the thielavia-like species in the family. Chrysocorona lucknowensis and Brachychaeta variospora are closely related to Acrophialophora and three newly introduced genera containing thielavia-like species; Floropilus chiversii is closely related to the industrially important and thermophilic species Thermothielavioides terrestris (syn. Th. terrestris). This study shows that the thielavia-like morph is a homoplastic form that originates from several separate evolutionary events. Furthermore, our results provide new insights into the taxonomy of Sordariales and the polyphyletic Lasiosphaeriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- X W Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3, 1st Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.,Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - F Y Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3, 1st Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - K Bensch
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M Meijer
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - B D Sun
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Centre, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Y F Han
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - P W Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.,Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - R A Samson
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - F Y Yang
- Grassland Institute, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, NO. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - J Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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9
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Zervakis GI, Venturella G, Fryssouli V, Inglese P, Polemis E, Gargano ML. Pleurotus opuntiae revisited - An insight to the phylogeny of dimitic Pleurotus species with emphasis on the P. djamor complex. Fungal Biol 2018; 123:188-199. [PMID: 30798874 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The name Pleurotus opuntiae is indiscriminately used for describing mushrooms with white to off-white to white-grey pilei with short or absent stipe and dimitic hyphal system, which grow on plants of the genera Opuntia, Yucca, Agave, Phytolacca etc. However, the outcome of the present study evidences that this name should be reserved for specimens deriving from the Mediterranean area only; an epitype originating from Italy on Opuntia ficus-indica is designated. Pertinent material was sequenced by using the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and found to be phylogenetically related to P. djamor from Kenya and Nigeria, while members of the P. djamor complex from other continents were clearly more distant. Results were further corroborated by examining the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal DNA (LSU) and the second subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2). The P. djamor complex shows high intraspecific polymorphism evidenced by sequence divergence and genetic distance values, presents a cosmopolitan distribution and also comprises material initially identified as P. flabellatus, P. opuntiae, P. ostreatoroseus, P. parsonsiae and P. salmoneostramineus. An ITS tree including representative specimens from all major Pleurotus species is provided for the first time and ambiguous taxa are discussed in the context of new findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios I Zervakis
- Agricultural University of Athens, Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Giuseppe Venturella
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg 4, I-90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Vassiliki Fryssouli
- Agricultural University of Athens, Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Paolo Inglese
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg 4, I-90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Elias Polemis
- Agricultural University of Athens, Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Letizia Gargano
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Bldg 5, I-90128 Palermo, Italy
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10
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Mahdizadeh V, Alberto Parra L, Safaie N, Mohammadi Goltapeh E, Chen J, Guinberteau J, Callac P. A phylogenetic and morphological overview of sections Bohusia, Sanguinolenti, and allied sections within Agaricus subg. Pseudochitonia with three new species from France, Iran, and Portugal. Fungal Biol 2017; 122:34-51. [PMID: 29248113 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The genus Agaricus was recently rearranged to accommodate numerous tropical taxa. Accordingly, the genus was split into six subgenera and 22 sections of which 12 are included in A. subg. Pseudochitonia. Preliminary data indicated that three putative new species belong to this subgenus. Our objectives were to describe these species, to determine to which sections they belong, and to experience the interest of some traditional traits in this new context. We morphologically described Agaricus coniferarum from France and Portugal, Agaricus iranicus from Iran, and Agaricus lusitanicus from Portugal. Multi-gene phylogenetic analyses based on ITS, LSU, and tef1 sequence data of representatives of the 12 sections clearly indicated that A. coniferarum and A. lusitanicus are placed in Agaricus sect. Bohusia, while A. iranicus is in A. sect. Sanguinolenti. Incidentally, we replaced the illegitimate name Agaricus magnivelaris by Agaricus fiardianus. In a phylogenetic tree, based on all available ITS sequence data and focussing on six related sections, we examined the phylogenetic distribution of various characters. The intensity of red discolouration when the sporocarp is rubbed or cut appeared as a phylogenetically weak informative trait. We propose a determination key leading to a group of three hardly distinguishable sections (Bohusia, Nigrobrunnescentes, and Sanguinolenti).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valiollah Mahdizadeh
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Naser Safaie
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Jie Chen
- Institute of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Tasud, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | | | - Philippe Callac
- INRA, UR 1264, MycSA, CS 20032, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon CEDEX, France.
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11
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Chen AJ, Hubka V, Frisvad JC, Visagie CM, Houbraken J, Meijer M, Varga J, Demirel R, Jurjević Ž, Kubátová A, Sklenář F, Zhou YG, Samson RA. Polyphasic taxonomy of Aspergillus section Aspergillus (formerly Eurotium), and its occurrence in indoor environments and food. Stud Mycol 2017; 88:37-135. [PMID: 28860671 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus section Aspergillus (formerly the genus Eurotium) includes xerophilic species with uniseriate conidiophores, globose to subglobose vesicles, green conidia and yellow, thin walled eurotium-like ascomata with hyaline, lenticular ascospores. In the present study, a polyphasic approach using morphological characters, extrolites, physiological characters and phylogeny was applied to investigate the taxonomy of this section. Over 500 strains from various culture collections and new isolates obtained from indoor environments and a wide range of substrates all over the world were identified using calmodulin gene sequencing. Of these, 163 isolates were subjected to molecular phylogenetic analyses using sequences of ITS rDNA, partial β-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) genes. Colony characteristics were documented on eight cultivation media, growth parameters at three incubation temperatures were recorded and micromorphology was examined using light microscopy as well as scanning electron microscopy to illustrate and characterize each species. Many specific extrolites were extracted and identified from cultures, including echinulins, epiheveadrides, auroglaucins and anthraquinone bisanthrons, and to be consistent in strains of nearly all species. Other extrolites are species-specific, and thus valuable for identification. Several extrolites show antioxidant effects, which may be nutritionally beneficial in food and beverages. Important mycotoxins in the strict sense, such as sterigmatocystin, aflatoxins, ochratoxins, citrinin were not detected despite previous reports on their production in this section. Adopting a polyphasic approach, 31 species are recognized, including nine new species. ITS is highly conserved in this section and does not distinguish species. All species can be differentiated using CaM or RPB2 sequences. For BenA, Aspergillus brunneus and A. niveoglaucus share identical sequences. Ascospores and conidia morphology, growth rates at different temperatures are most useful characters for phenotypic species identification.
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Key Words
- A. aurantiacoflavus Hubka, A.J. Chen, Jurjević & Samson
- A. caperatus A.J. Chen, Frisvad & Samson
- A. endophyticus Hubka, A.J. Chen, & Samson
- A. levisporus Hubka, A.J. Chen, Jurjević & Samson
- A. porosus A.J. Chen, Frisvad & Samson
- A. tamarindosoli A.J. Chen, Frisvad & Samson
- A. teporis A.J. Chen, Frisvad & Samson
- A. zutongqii A.J. Chen, Frisvad & Samson
- Ascomycota
- Aspergillaceae
- Aspergillus aerius A.J. Chen, Frisvad & Samson
- Aspergillus proliferans
- Eurotiales
- Eurotium amstelodami
- Extrolites
- Multi-gene phylogeny
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12
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Abstract
In 2007 a new Stemphylium leaf spot disease of Beta vulgaris (sugar beet) spread through the Netherlands. Attempts to identify this destructive Stemphylium sp. in sugar beet led to a phylogenetic revision of the genus. The name Stemphylium has been recommended for use over that of its sexual morph, Pleospora, which is polyphyletic. Stemphylium forms a well-defined monophyletic genus in the Pleosporaceae, Pleosporales (Dothideomycetes), but lacks an up-to-date phylogeny. To address this issue, the internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 and intervening 5.8S nr DNA (ITS) of all available Stemphylium and Pleospora isolates from the CBS culture collection of the Westerdijk Institute (N = 418), and from 23 freshly collected isolates obtained from sugar beet and related hosts, were sequenced to construct an overview phylogeny (N = 350). Based on their phylogenetic informativeness, parts of the protein-coding genes calmodulin and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were also sequenced for a subset of isolates (N = 149). This resulted in a multi-gene phylogeny of the genus Stemphylium containing 28 species-clades, of which five were found to represent new species. The majority of the sugar beet isolates, including isolates from the Netherlands, Germany and the UK, clustered together in a species clade for which the name S. beticola was recently proposed. Morphological studies were performed to describe the new species. Twenty-two names were reduced to synonymy, and two new combinations proposed. Three epitypes, one lectotype and two neotypes were also designated in order to create a uniform taxonomy for Stemphylium.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H C Woudenberg
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B Hanse
- IRS, P.O. Box 32, 4600 AA Bergen op Zoom, The Netherlands
| | - G C M van Leeuwen
- National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO-NL), P.O. Box 9102, 6700 HC, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Z Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P W Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Wageningen University, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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13
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Abstract
The Mycosphaerellaceae represent thousands of fungal species that are associated with diseases on a wide range of plant hosts. Understanding and stabilising the taxonomy of genera and species of Mycosphaerellaceae is therefore of the utmost importance given their impact on agriculture, horticulture and forestry. Based on previous molecular studies, several phylogenetic and morphologically distinct genera within the Mycosphaerellaceae have been delimited. In this study a multigene phylogenetic analysis (LSU, ITS and rpb2) was performed based on 415 isolates representing 297 taxa and incorporating ex-type strains where available. The main aim of this study was to resolve the phylogenetic relationships among the genera currently recognised within the family, and to clarify the position of the cercosporoid fungi among them. Based on these results many well-known genera are shown to be paraphyletic, with several synapomorphic characters that have evolved more than once within the family. As a consequence, several old generic names including Cercosporidium, Fulvia, Mycovellosiella, Phaeoramularia and Raghnildiana are resurrected, and 32 additional genera are described as new. Based on phylogenetic data 120 genera are now accepted within the family, but many currently accepted cercosporoid genera still remain unresolved pending fresh collections and DNA data. The present study provides a phylogenetic framework for future taxonomic work within the Mycosphaerellaceae.
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Key Words
- Adelopus gaeumannii T. Rohde
- Amycosphaerella keniensis (Crous & T.A. Cout.) Videira & Crous
- Australosphaerella Videira & Crous
- Australosphaerella nootherensis (Carnegie) Videira & Crous
- Biharia vangueriae Thirum. & Mishra
- Brunswickiella Videira & Crous
- Brunswickiella parsonsiae (Crous & Summerell) Videira & Crous
- Catenulocercospora C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Catenulocercospora fusimaculans (G.F. Atk.) C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Cercoramularia Videira, H.D. Shin, C. Nakash. & Crous
- Cercoramularia koreana Videira, H.D. Shin, C. Nakash. & Crous
- Cercospora brachycarpa Syd.
- Cercospora cajani Henn.
- Cercospora desmodii Ellis & Kellerm.
- Cercospora ferruginea Fuckel
- Cercospora gnaphaliacea Cooke
- Cercospora gomphrenicola Speg.
- Cercospora henningsii Allesch.
- Cercospora mangiferae Koord.
- Cercospora microsora Sacc.
- Cercospora rosicola Pass.
- Cercospora smilacis Thüm.
- Cercospora tiliae Peck
- Cercosporidium californicum (S.T. Koike & Crous) Videira & Crous
- Cercosporidium helleri Earle
- Chuppomyces Videira & Crous
- Chuppomyces handelii (Bubák) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Cladosporium bacilligerum Mont. & Fr.
- Cladosporium chaetomium Cooke
- Cladosporium fulvum Cooke
- Cladosporium lonicericola Yong H. He & Z.Y. Zhang
- Cladosporium personatum Berk. & M.A. Curtis
- Clarohilum Videira & Crous
- Clarohilum henningsii (Allesch.) Videira & Crous
- Clasterosporium degenerans Syd. & P. Syd.
- Clypeosphaerella calotropidis (Ellis & Everh.) Videira & Crous
- Collarispora Videira & Crous
- Collarispora valgourgensis (Crous) Videira & Crous
- Coremiopassalora U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Coremiopassalora eucalypti (Crous & Alfenas) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Coremiopassalora leptophlebae (Crous et al.) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Coryneum vitiphyllum Speschnew
- Cryptosporium acicola Thüm.
- Deightonomyces Videira & Crous
- Deightonomyces daleae (Ellis & Kellerm.) Videira & Crous
- Devonomyces Videira & Crous
- Devonomyces endophyticus (Crous & H. Sm. Ter) Videira & Crous
- Distocercosporaster Videira, H.D. Shin, C. Nakash. & Crous
- Distocercosporaster dioscoreae (Ellis & G. Martin) Videira, H.D. Shin, C. Nakash. & Crous
- Distomycovellosiella U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Distomycovellosiella brachycarpa (Syd.) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Exopassalora Videira & Crous
- Exopassalora zambiae (Crous & T.A. Cout.) Videira & Crous
- Exosporium livistonicola U. Braun, Videira & Crous for Distocercospora livistonae U. Braun & C.F. Hill
- Exutisphaerella Videira & Crous
- Exutisphaerella laricina (R. Hartig) Videira & Crous
- Fusoidiella anethi (Pers.) Videira & Crous
- Graminopassalora U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Graminopassalora graminis (Fuckel) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Helicoma fasciculatum Berk. & M.A. Curtis.
- Hyalocercosporidium Videira & Crous
- Hyalocercosporidium desmodii Videira & Crous
- Hyalozasmidium U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Hyalozasmidium aerohyalinosporum (Crous & Summerell) Videira & Crous
- Hyalozasmidium sideroxyli U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Isariopsis griseola Sacc.
- Madagascaromyces U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Madagascaromyces intermedius (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Videira & Crous
- Micronematomyces U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Micronematomyces caribensis (Crous & Den Breeÿen) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Micronematomyces chromolaenae (Crous & Den Breeÿen) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Multi-gene phylogeny
- Mycosphaerella
- Neoceratosperma haldinae U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Neoceratosperma legnephoricola U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Neocercosporidium Videira & Crous
- Neocercosporidium smilacis (Thüm.) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Neophloeospora Videira & Crous
- Neophloeospora maculans (Bérenger) Videira & Crous
- Nothopassalora U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Nothopassalora personata (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Nothopericoniella Videira & Crous
- Nothopericoniella perseae-macranthae (Hosag. & U. Braun) Videira & Crous
- Nothophaeocryptopus Videira, C. Nakash., U. Braun, Crous
- Nothophaeocryptopus gaeumannii (T. Rohde) Videira, C. Nakash., U. Braun, Crous
- Pachyramichloridium Videira & Crous
- Pachyramichloridium pini (de Hoog & Rahman) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Paracercosporidium Videira & Crous
- Paracercosporidium microsorum (Sacc.) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Paracercosporidium tiliae (Peck) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Paramycosphaerella wachendorfiae (Crous) Videira & Crous
- Paramycovellosiella Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous
- Paramycovellosiella passaloroides (G. Winter) Videira, H.D. Shin & Crous
- Parapallidocercospora Videira, Crous, U. Braun, C. Nakash.
- Parapallidocercospora colombiensis (Crous et al.) Videira & Crous
- Parapallidocercospora thailandica (Crous et al.) Videira & Crous
- Phaeocercospora juniperina (Georgescu & Badea) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Plant pathogen
- Pleopassalora Videira & Crous
- Pleopassalora perplexa (Beilharz et al.) Videira & Crous
- Pleuropassalora U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Pleuropassalora armatae (Crous & A.R. Wood) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Pluripassalora Videira & Crous
- Pluripassalora bougainvilleae (Munt.-Cvetk.) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Pseudocercospora convoluta (Crous & Den Breeÿen) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Pseudocercospora nodosa (Constant.) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Pseudocercospora platanigena Videira & Crous for Stigmella platani Fuckel, non Pseudocercospora platani (J.M. Yen) J.M. Yen 1979
- Pseudocercospora zambiensis (Deighton) Crous & U. Braun
- Pseudopericoniella Videira & Crous
- Pseudopericoniella levispora (Arzanlou, W. Gams & Crous) Videira & Crous
- Pseudophaeophleospora U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Pseudophaeophleospora atkinsonii (Syd.) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Pseudophaeophleospora stonei (Crous) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Pseudozasmidium Videira & Crous
- Pseudozasmidium eucalypti (Crous & Summerell) Videira & Crous
- Pseudozasmidium nabiacense (Crous & Carnegie) Videira & Crous
- Pseudozasmidium parkii (Crous & Alfenas) Videira & Crous
- Pseudozasmidium vietnamense (Barber & T.I. Burgess) Videira & Crous
- Ragnhildiana ampelopsidis (Peck) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Ragnhildiana diffusa (Heald & F.A. Wolf) Videira & Crous
- Ragnhildiana ferruginea (Fuckel) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Ragnhildiana gnaphaliaceae (Cooke) Videira, H.D. Shin, C. Nakash. & Crous
- Ragnhildiana perfoliati (Ellis & Everh.) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Ragnhildiana pseudotithoniae (Crous & Cheew.) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Ramulispora sorghiphila U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Rhachisphaerella Videira & Crous
- Rhachisphaerella mozambica (Arzanlou & Crous) Videira & Crous
- Rosisphaerella Videira & Crous
- Rosisphaerella rosicola (Pass.) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Scolicotrichum roumeguerei Briosi & Cavara
- Septoria martiniana Sacc
- Sphaerella araneosa Rehm
- Sphaerella laricina R. Hartig
- Stictosepta cupularis Petr.
- Stigmella platani Fuckel
- Sultanimyces Videira & Crous
- Sultanimyces vitiphyllus (Speschnew) Videira & Crous
- Tapeinosporium viride Bonord
- Taxonomy
- Utrechtiana roumeguerei (Cavara) Videira & Crous
- Virosphaerella Videira & Crous
- Virosphaerella irregularis (Cheew. et al.) Videira & Crous
- Virosphaerella pseudomarksii (Cheew. et al.) Videira & Crous
- Xenosonderhenioides Videira & Crous
- Xenosonderhenioides indonesiana C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium arcuatum (Arzanlou et al.) Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium biverticillatum (Arzanlou & Crous) Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium cerophilum (Tubaki) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium daviesiae (Cooke & Massee) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium elaeocarpi U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium eucalypticola U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium grevilleae U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium gupoyu (R. Kirschner) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium hakeae U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium iteae (R. Kirschner) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium musae-banksii Videira & Crous for Ramichloridium australiense Arzanlou & Crous, non Zasmidium australiense (J.L. Mulder) U. Braun & Crous 2013
- Zasmidium musigenum Videira & Crous for Veronaea musae Stahel ex M.B. Ellis, non Zasmidium musae (Arzanlou & Crous) Crous & U. Braun 2010
- Zasmidium proteacearum (D.E. Shaw & Alcorn) U. Braun, C. Nakash. & Crous
- Zasmidium pseudotsugae (V.A.M. Mill. & Bonar) Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium pseudovespa (Carnegie) U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium schini U. Braun, C. Nakash., Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium strelitziae (Arzanlou et al.) Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium tsugae (Dearn.) Videira & Crous
- Zasmidium velutinum (G. Winter) Videira & Crous
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Affiliation(s)
- S.I.R. Videira
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - C. Nakashima
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, 1577 Kurima-machiya, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - U. Braun
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Biologie, Bereich Geobotanik, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, 06099, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - R.W. Barreto
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - P.J.G.M. de Wit
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - P.W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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14
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Abstract
Species belonging to Aspergillus section Cervini are characterised by radiate or short columnar, fawn coloured, uniseriate conidial heads. The morphology of the taxa in this section is very similar and isolates assigned to these species are frequently misidentified. In this study, a polyphasic approach was applied using morphological characters, extrolite data, temperature profiles and partial BenA, CaM and RPB2 sequences to examine the relationships within this section. Based on this taxonomic approach the section Cervini is resolved in ten species including six new species: A. acidohumus, A. christenseniae, A. novoguineensis, A. subnutans, A. transcarpathicus and A. wisconsinensis. A dichotomous key for the identification is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China; CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Varga
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - J C Frisvad
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - X Z Jiang
- R&D Centre, Novozymes China, No. 14, Xinxi Road, Shangdi Zone, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - R A Samson
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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15
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Chen AJ, Frisvad JC, Sun BD, Varga J, Kocsubé S, Dijksterhuis J, Kim DH, Hong SB, Houbraken J, Samson RA. Aspergillus section Nidulantes (formerly Emericella): Polyphasic taxonomy, chemistry and biology. Stud Mycol 2016; 84:1-118. [PMID: 28050053 PMCID: PMC5198626 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus section Nidulantes includes species with striking morphological characters, such as biseriate conidiophores with brown-pigmented stipes, and if present, the production of ascomata embedded in masses of Hülle cells with often reddish brown ascospores. The majority of species in this section have a sexual state, which were named Emericella in the dual name nomenclature system. In the present study, strains belonging to subgenus Nidulantes were subjected to multilocus molecular phylogenetic analyses using internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), partial β-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) sequences. Nine sections are accepted in subgenus Nidulantes including the new section Cavernicolus. A polyphasic approach using morphological characters, extrolites, physiological characters and phylogeny was applied to investigate the taxonomy of section Nidulantes. Based on this approach, section Nidulantes is subdivided in seven clades and 65 species, and 10 species are described here as new. Morphological characters including colour, shape, size, and ornamentation of ascospores, shape and size of conidia and vesicles, growth temperatures are important for identifying species. Many species of section Nidulantes produce the carcinogenic mycotoxin sterigmatocystin. The most important mycotoxins in Aspergillus section Nidulantes are aflatoxins, sterigmatocystin, emestrin, fumitremorgins, asteltoxins, and paxillin while other extrolites are useful drugs or drug lead candidates such as echinocandins, mulundocandins, calbistrins, varitriols, variecolins and terrain. Aflatoxin B1 is produced by four species: A. astellatus, A. miraensis, A. olivicola, and A. venezuelensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, PR China; CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J C Frisvad
- Department of Systems Biology, Søltofts Plads B. 221, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - B D Sun
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Centre, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - J Varga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - S Kocsubé
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, H-6726, Szeged, Hungary
| | - J Dijksterhuis
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - D H Kim
- Division of Forest Environment Protection, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - S-B Hong
- Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, National Institute of Agricultural Science, 166, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - J Houbraken
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R A Samson
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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16
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Chen C, Verkley GJ, Sun G, Groenewald JZ, Crous PW. Redefining common endophytes and plant pathogens in Neofabraea, Pezicula, and related genera. Fungal Biol 2016; 120:1291-322. [PMID: 27742091 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Species in Neofabraea, Pezicula, and related genera have been reported as saprobes, plant pathogens or endophytes from a wide range of hosts. The asexual morphs of Neofabraea and Pezicula had been placed in Cryptosporiopsis, now a synonym of Pezicula, while Neofabraea was also linked to Phlyctema. Based on morphology and molecular data of the partial large subunit nrDNA (LSU), the internal transcribed spacer region with intervening 5.8S nrDNA (ITS), partial β-tubulin region (tub2), and the partial RNA polymerase II second largest subunit region (rpb2), the taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of these fungi were investigated. Five new species were described in Pezicula based on morphology, while a further eight unnamed phylogenetic lineages revealed further diversity in the genus. Based on these results, the generic concept of Neofabraea was also emended. Phlyctema, which was previously associated with Neofabraea, formed a distinct clade, separate from Neofabraea s. str. Two new neofabraea-like genera, Parafabraea and Pseudofabraea were proposed, along with one new combination in Neofabraea s. str. To stabilise the application of these names, an epitype was designated for Pe. carpinea, the type species of Pezicula, and for N. malicorticis, the type species of Neofabraea.
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17
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Abstract
The cosmopolitan fungal genus Alternaria consists of multiple saprophytic and pathogenic species. Based on phylogenetic and morphological studies, the genus is currently divided into 26 sections. Alternaria sect. Alternaria contains most of the small-spored Alternaria species with concatenated conidia, including important plant, human and postharvest pathogens. Species within sect. Alternaria have been mostly described based on morphology and / or host-specificity, yet molecular variation between them is minimal. To investigate whether the described morphospecies within sect. Alternaria are supported by molecular data, whole-genome sequencing of nine Alternaria morphospecies supplemented with transcriptome sequencing of 12 Alternaria morphospecies as well as multi-gene sequencing of 168 Alternaria isolates was performed. The assembled genomes ranged in size from 33.3-35.2 Mb within sect. Alternaria and from 32.0-39.1 Mb for all Alternaria genomes. The number of repetitive sequences differed significantly between the different Alternaria genomes; ranging from 1.4-16.5 %. The repeat content within sect. Alternaria was relatively low with only 1.4-2.7 % of repeats. Whole-genome alignments revealed 96.7-98.2 % genome identity between sect. Alternaria isolates, compared to 85.1-89.3 % genome identity for isolates from other sections to the A. alternata reference genome. Similarly, 1.4-2.8 % and 0.8-1.8 % single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were observed in genomic and transcriptomic sequences, respectively, between isolates from sect. Alternaria, while the percentage of SNPs found in isolates from different sections compared to the A. alternata reference genome was considerably higher; 8.0-10.3 % and 6.1-8.5 %. The topology of a phylogenetic tree based on the whole-genome and transcriptome reads was congruent with multi-gene phylogenies based on commonly used gene regions. Based on the genome and transcriptome data, a set of core proteins was extracted, and primers were designed on two gene regions with a relatively low degree of conservation within sect. Alternaria (96.8 and 97.3 % conservation). Their potential discriminatory power within sect. Alternaria was tested next to nine commonly used gene regions in sect. Alternaria, namely the SSU, LSU, ITS, gapdh, rpb2, tef1, Alt a 1, endoPG and OPA10-2 gene regions. The phylogenies from the two gene regions with a relatively low conservation, KOG1058 and KOG1077, could not distinguish the described morphospecies within sect. Alternaria more effectively than the phylogenies based on the commonly used gene regions for Alternaria. Based on genome and transcriptome comparisons and molecular phylogenies, Alternaria sect. Alternaria consists of only 11 phylogenetic species and one species complex. Thirty-five morphospecies, which cannot be distinguished based on the multi-gene phylogeny, are synonymised under A. alternata. By providing guidelines for the naming and identification of phylogenetic species in Alternaria sect. Alternaria, this manuscript provides a clear and stable species classification in this section.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.H.C. Woudenberg
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M.F. Seidl
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M. de Vries
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J.B. Stielow
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B.P.H.J. Thomma
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - P.W. Crous
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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18
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Miadlikowska J, Kauff F, Högnabba F, Oliver JC, Molnár K, Fraker E, Gaya E, Hafellner J, Hofstetter V, Gueidan C, Otálora MAG, Hodkinson B, Kukwa M, Lücking R, Björk C, Sipman HJM, Burgaz AR, Thell A, Passo A, Myllys L, Goward T, Fernández-Brime S, Hestmark G, Lendemer J, Lumbsch HT, Schmull M, Schoch CL, Sérusiaux E, Maddison DR, Arnold AE, Lutzoni F, Stenroos S. A multigene phylogenetic synthesis for the class Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota): 1307 fungi representing 1139 infrageneric taxa, 317 genera and 66 families. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2014; 79:132-68. [PMID: 24747130 PMCID: PMC4185256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Lecanoromycetes is the largest class of lichenized Fungi, and one of the most species-rich classes in the kingdom. Here we provide a multigene phylogenetic synthesis (using three ribosomal RNA-coding and two protein-coding genes) of the Lecanoromycetes based on 642 newly generated and 3329 publicly available sequences representing 1139 taxa, 317 genera, 66 families, 17 orders and five subclasses (four currently recognized: Acarosporomycetidae, Lecanoromycetidae, Ostropomycetidae, Umbilicariomycetidae; and one provisionarily recognized, 'Candelariomycetidae'). Maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses on four multigene datasets assembled using a cumulative supermatrix approach with a progressively higher number of species and missing data (5-gene, 5+4-gene, 5+4+3-gene and 5+4+3+2-gene datasets) show that the current classification includes non-monophyletic taxa at various ranks, which need to be recircumscribed and require revisionary treatments based on denser taxon sampling and more loci. Two newly circumscribed orders (Arctomiales and Hymeneliales in the Ostropomycetidae) and three families (Ramboldiaceae and Psilolechiaceae in the Lecanorales, and Strangosporaceae in the Lecanoromycetes inc. sed.) are introduced. The potential resurrection of the families Eigleraceae and Lopadiaceae is considered here to alleviate phylogenetic and classification disparities. An overview of the photobionts associated with the main fungal lineages in the Lecanoromycetes based on available published records is provided. A revised schematic classification at the family level in the phylogenetic context of widely accepted and newly revealed relationships across Lecanoromycetes is included. The cumulative addition of taxa with an increasing amount of missing data (i.e., a cumulative supermatrix approach, starting with taxa for which sequences were available for all five targeted genes and ending with the addition of taxa for which only two genes have been sequenced) revealed relatively stable relationships for many families and orders. However, the increasing number of taxa without the addition of more loci also resulted in an expected substantial loss of phylogenetic resolving power and support (especially for deep phylogenetic relationships), potentially including the misplacements of several taxa. Future phylogenetic analyses should include additional single copy protein-coding markers in order to improve the tree of the Lecanoromycetes. As part of this study, a new module ("Hypha") of the freely available Mesquite software was developed to compare and display the internodal support values derived from this cumulative supermatrix approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frank Kauff
- FB Biologie, Molecular Phylogenetics, 13/276, TU Kaiserslautern, Postfach 3049, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Filip Högnabba
- Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jeffrey C Oliver
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 358 ESC, 21 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Katalin Molnár
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0338, USA
| | - Emily Fraker
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0338, USA
| | - Ester Gaya
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0338, USA
| | - Josef Hafellner
- Institut für Botanik, Karl-Franzens-Universität, Holteigasse 6, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Cécile Gueidan
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0338, USA
| | | | | | - Martin Kukwa
- Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Robert Lücking
- Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - Curtis Björk
- UBC Herbarium, Beaty Museum, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Harrie J M Sipman
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Königin-Luise-Strasse 6-8, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Rosa Burgaz
- Departamento de Biologı́a Vegetal I, Facultad de CC. Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040-Madrid, Spain
| | - Arne Thell
- Botanical Museum, Lund University, Box 117, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Alfredo Passo
- BioLiq Laboratorio de Bioindicadores y Liquenología, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, INIBIOMA, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, 8400RN, Argentina
| | - Leena Myllys
- Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Trevor Goward
- UBC Herbarium, Beaty Museum, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
| | - Samantha Fernández-Brime
- Department of Plant Biology (Botany Unit), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Geir Hestmark
- CEES, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PB 1066 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - James Lendemer
- Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126, USA
| | - H Thorsten Lumbsch
- Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
| | - Michaela Schmull
- Harvard University Herbaria, Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Conrad L Schoch
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, MSC 6510, Bethesda, MD 20892-6510, USA
| | - Emmanuël Sérusiaux
- Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B22, B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - David R Maddison
- Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, 3021 Agriculture and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331-7303, USA
| | - A Elizabeth Arnold
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, 1140 E. South Campus Drive, Forbes 303, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - François Lutzoni
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0338, USA
| | - Soili Stenroos
- Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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19
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Abstract
The omnipresent fungal genus Alternaria was recently divided into 24 sections based on molecular and morphological data. Alternaria sect. Porri is the largest section, containing almost all Alternaria species with medium to large conidia and long beaks, some of which are important plant pathogens (e.g. Alternaria porri, A. solani and A. tomatophila). We constructed a multi-gene phylogeny on parts of the ITS, GAPDH, RPB2, TEF1 and Alt a 1 gene regions, which, supplemented with morphological and cultural studies, forms the basis for species recognition in sect. Porri. Our data reveal 63 species, of which 10 are newly described in sect. Porri, and 27 species names are synonymised. The three known Alternaria pathogens causing early blight on tomato all cluster in one clade, and are synonymised under the older name, A. linariae. Alternaria protenta, a species formerly only known as pathogen on Helianthus annuus, is also reported to cause early blight of potato, together with A. solani and A. grandis. Two clades with isolates causing purple blotch of onion are confirmed as A. allii and A. porri, but the two species cannot adequately be distinguished based on the number of beaks and branches as suggested previously. This is also found among the pathogens of Passifloraceae, which are reduced from four to three species. In addition to the known pathogen of sweet potato, A. bataticola, three more species are delineated of which two are newly described. A new Alternaria section is also described, comprising two large-spored Alternaria species with concatenate conidia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J.H.C. Woudenberg
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands
- WUR, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - M. Truter
- ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute, P. Bag X134, Queenswood 0121, South Africa
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - P.W. Crous
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, Netherlands
- WUR, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
- Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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20
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Aggerbeck M, Fjeldså J, Christidis L, Fabre PH, Jønsson KA. Resolving deep lineage divergences in core corvoid passerine birds supports a proto-Papuan island origin. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2013; 70:272-85. [PMID: 24125832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2013.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that the global expansion of songbirds (Oscines) originated in East Gondwana (present day Australo-Papua), and it has been postulated that one of the main constituent groups, the "core Corvoidea", with more than 750 species, originated in the first islands that emerged where New Guinea is now located. However, several polytomous relationships remained within the clade, obstructing detailed biogeographical interpretations. This study presents a well-resolved family-level phylogeny, based on a dataset of 22 nuclear loci and using a suite of partitioning schemes and Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. Resolving the relationships within the core Corvoidea provides evidence for three well-supported main clades, which are in turn sister to the New Zealand genus Mohoua. Some monotypic lineages, which have previously been considered Incertae sedis, are also placed in a phylogenetic context. The well-resolved phylogeny provides a robust framework for biogeographical analyses, and provides further support for the hypothesis that core corvoids originated in the proto-Papuan island region that emerged north of Australia in the late Oligocene/early Miocene. Thus, the core Corvoidea appear to represent a true island radiation, which successfully colonized all continents except Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Aggerbeck
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate at the Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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