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Magisetty J, Gadiraju B, Kondreddy V. Genomic analysis in the colon tissues of omega-3 fatty acid-treated rats identifies novel gene signatures implicated in ulcerative colitis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128867. [PMID: 38123036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Several long-term intervention trials only studied the ex vivo immunological function to elucidate the beneficial mechanisms of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the ulcerative colitis (UC). An unbiased whole-transcriptome analysis would be more valuable to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the processes and genes regulated by n-3 PUFA in vivo. In this study, we have performed microarray analysis in the colon tissues of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC in rats supplemented with n-6 PUFA, n-3PUFA and long-chain n-3PUFA (LC-n3PUFA). We have identified the novel gene signatures previously not linked to colitis such as Etv3, Clec4d, CD180, CD72, Megf11, and Angptl4 which are most downregulated in both n-3PUFA and LC-n3PUFA groups compared to the n-6PUFA group. The most upregulated genes were Nr1i3, Nptx2, and Zfp810 in both n-3PUFA and LC-n3PUFA groups. The RT-PCR analysis confirmed similar results. Interestingly, LPS treatment in macrophages upregulated the Megf11, Etv3, CD180, and Angptl4, and correlated with increased secretion of cytokines. Gene silencing of Etv3, Megf11, and CD180 in rats using intravascular delivery of siRNA-lipoparticles attenuated the DSS-induced ulceration and mucosal damage. Thus, our genome-wide microarray analysis identified novel genes regulated by omega-3 PUFA and offers new drug targets that could prevent or reduce UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhansi Magisetty
- Department of Biochemistry, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, India
| | - Bhavani Gadiraju
- Center for Lipid Science & Technology, The Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Vijay Kondreddy
- Center for Lipid Science & Technology, The Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, India.
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Irfan A, Haider SH, Nasir A, Larik MO, Naz T. Assessing the Efficacy of Omega-3 Fatty Acids + Statins vs. Statins Only on Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 40,991 Patients. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102245. [PMID: 38040215 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical guidelines recommend statin use in patients with a vast array of cardiovascular disturbances. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding the concomitant use of omega-3 fatty acids in addition to statins. This meta-analysis aims to uncover the complete effects of this combination therapy on cardiovascular outcomes, lipid biomarkers, inflammatory markers, and plaque markers. METHODS A detailed literature search was conducted using PubMed, Cochrane, and MEDLINE databases, and all the relevant studies found up to September 2023 were included. The primary outcomes assessed in this meta-analysis was 1) Composite of fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction, 2) Composite of fatal and non-fatal stroke, 3) Coronary revascularization, 4) Death due to cardiovascular causes, 5) MACE (Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events), 6) Unstable angina, 7) Hospitalization due to unstable angina, 8) and lipid volume index. Secondary outcomes included lipid markers, hsCRP, EPA levels, and EPA/AA ratio. RESULTS 14 RCTs were included, featuring a total of 40,991 patients. Patients receiving the omega-3 + statin regimen were associated with a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of MI, MACE, unstable angina, hospitalization due to unstable angina, Total cholesterol levels, triglycerides, hsCRP, and lipid volume index in comparison to their counterparts receiving placebo + statin (P < 0.05). In contrast, our analysis found no statistically significant difference in the incidence of fatal and non-fatal stroke, coronary revascularization, and cardiovascular mortality. CONCLUSION Our research reinforces that all patients, regardless of their cardiovascular health, may benefit from adding omega-3 fatty acids to their statin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areeka Irfan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Hamza Haider
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Aiman Nasir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Omar Larik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Turba Naz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
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3
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Shine D, Siriwardana H, Minehan M, Takito MY, Jani R, Knight-Agarwal CR. The knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours of pregnant women regarding seafood consumption during the antenatal period: a qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:80. [PMID: 38267938 PMCID: PMC10807157 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-023-06149-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal nutrition impacts fetal growth and development. The Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) guidelines recommend pregnant women consume 2-3 servings (224-336 g) of fish/seafood per week to support intake of long chain omega 3 fatty acids, given adequate consumption supports numerous health benefits including reduced risk of preterm and early preterm birth. Evidence indicates that pregnant women purposely lower their fish/seafood intake, largely due to fears of methylmercury exposure. The aim of this study was to explore pregnant women's knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours regarding their fish/seafood consumption during the antenatal period. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted between October 2018 and December 2020 among a purposive sample of 12 pregnant women from the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using an interpretative phenomenological approach. Themes were developed on the women's lived experience related to fish/seafood knowledge, attitudes, and consumption behaviour. RESULTS The most prominent finding was widespread non-adherence to fish/seafood consumption guidelines. This was largely owing to a lack of proactive health promotion related to the health benefits of fish/seafood throughout pregnancy, including the health promoting roles of long chain omega 3 fatty acids for fetal growth and development. Three themes were identified: nutrition knowledge; sources of health promotion; and barriers and enablers to fish/seafood consumption. CONCLUSIONS To support adequate maternal consumption of fish/seafood throughout pregnancy, emphasis should be placed on the benefits of consuming this food group regularly. Additionally, pregnant women should receive education about the health promoting role of long chain omega 3 fatty acids. Dietitians are well placed to provide this information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Shine
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Canberra, Locked Bag 1, ACT, Bruce, Bruce, Australia
| | - Heshani Siriwardana
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Canberra, Locked Bag 1, ACT, Bruce, Bruce, Australia
| | - Michelle Minehan
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Canberra, Locked Bag 1, ACT, Bruce, Bruce, Australia
| | - Monica Yuri Takito
- Department of Human Movement, The University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rati Jani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Canberra, Locked Bag 1, ACT, Bruce, Bruce, Australia
| | - Catherine R Knight-Agarwal
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, The University of Canberra, Locked Bag 1, ACT, Bruce, Bruce, Australia.
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Seethaler B, Lehnert K, Yahiaoui-Doktor M, Basrai M, Vetter W, Kiechle M, Bischoff SC. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improve intestinal barrier integrity-albeit to a lesser degree than short-chain fatty acids: an exploratory analysis of the randomized controlled LIBRE trial. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:2779-2791. [PMID: 37318580 PMCID: PMC10468946 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03172-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with beneficial health effects, including gastrointestinal disorders. Preclinical studies suggest that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), found in Mediterranean foods like nuts and fish, improve intestinal barrier integrity. Here, we assessed possible effects of n-3 PUFAs on barrier integrity in a randomized controlled trial. METHODS We studied 68 women from the open-label LIBRE trial (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02087592) who followed either a Mediterranean diet (intervention group, IG) or a standard diet (control group, CG). Study visits comprised baseline, month 3, and month 12. Barrier integrity was assessed by plasma lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) and fecal zonulin; fatty acids by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Median and interquartile ranges are shown. RESULTS Adherence to the Mediterranean diet increased the proportion of the n-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (IG + 1.5% [0.9;2.5, p < 0.001]/ + 0.3% [- 0.1;0.9, p < 0.050] after 3/12 months; CG + 0.9% [0.5;1.6, p < 0.001]/ ± 0%) and decreased plasma LBP (IG - 0.3 µg/ml [- 0.6;0.1, p < 0.010]/ - 0.3 µg/ml [- 1.1; - 0.1, p < 0.001]; CG - 0.2 µg/ml [- 0.8; - 0.1, p < 0.001]/ ± 0 µg/ml) and fecal zonulin levels (IG - 76 ng/mg [- 164; - 12, p < 0.010]/ - 74 ng/mg [- 197;15, p < 0.001]; CG - 59 ng/mg [- 186;15, p < 0.050]/ + 10 ng/mg [- 117;24, p > 0.050]). Plasma DHA and LBP (R2: 0.14-0.42; all p < 0.070), as well as plasma DHA and fecal zonulin (R2: 0.18-0.48; all p < 0.050) were found to be inversely associated in bi- and multivariate analyses. Further multivariate analyses showed that the effect of DHA on barrier integrity was less pronounced than the effect of fecal short-chain fatty acids on barrier integrity. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that n-3 PUFAs can improve intestinal barrier integrity. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER The trial was registered prospectively at ClinicalTrials.gov (reference: NCT02087592).
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Seethaler
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Katja Lehnert
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maryam Yahiaoui-Doktor
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maryam Basrai
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Walter Vetter
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Marion Kiechle
- Department of Gynecology, Center for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and Comprehensive Cancer Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan C Bischoff
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 12, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Deshpande SN, Simkin DR. Complementary and Integrative Approaches to Sleep Disorders in Children. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2023; 32:243-272. [PMID: 37147039 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Sleep problems are very common in children and adolescents. Chronic insomnia is the leading cause of sleep disorders in children and adolescents. Adjunctive interventions that address low ferritin levels and vitamin D3 deficiency are helpful in children and adolescents. The addition of l-5-hydroxytryptophan, gabadone, l-theanine, Ashwagandha, omega 3 fatty acids, probiotics in bipolar disorder, and children with colic, meditation, and changing from a high-fat diet to a Mediterranean diet are also helpful adjunctive interventions. Actigraphy data should be collected in future sleep studies because subjective data may not indicate the true effect of the intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapna N Deshpande
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Oklahoma State University, 5310 East 31st Street, Tulsa, OK 74135, USA.
| | - Deborah R Simkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, 8955 Highway 98 West, Suite 204, Miramar Beach, FL 32550, USA
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Pradelli L, Mayer K, Klek S, Rosenthal MD, Povero M, Heller AR, Muscaritoli M. Omega-3 fatty acids in parenteral nutrition - A systematic review with network meta-analysis on clinical outcomes. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:590-599. [PMID: 36878111 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Accumulating scientific evidence supports the benefits of parenteral nutrition (PN) with fish oil (FO) containing intravenous lipid emulsions (ILEs) on clinical outcomes. Yet, the question of the most effective ILE remains controversial. We conducted a network meta-analysis (NMA) to compare and rank different types of ILEs in terms of their effects on infections, sepsis, ICU and hospital length of stay, and in-hospital mortality in adult patients. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published up to May 2022, investigating ILEs as a part of part of PN covering at least 70% of total energy provision. Lipid emulsions were classified in four categories: FO-ILEs, olive oil (OO)-ILEs, medium-chain triglyceride (MCT)/soybean oil (SO)-ILEs, and pure SO-ILEs. Data were statistically combined through Bayesian NMA and the Surface Under the Cumulative RAnking (SUCRA) was calculated for all outcomes. RESULTS 1651 publications were retrieved in the original search, 47 RCTs were included in the NMA. For FO-ILEs, very highly credible reductions in infection risk versus SO-ILEs [odds ratio (OR) = 0.43 90% credibility interval (CrI) (0.29-0.63)], MCT/soybean oil-ILEs [0.59 (0.43-0.82)], and OO-ILEs [0.56 (0.33-0.91)], and in sepsis risk versus SO-ILEs [0.22 (0.08-0.59)], as well as substantial reductions in hospital length of stay versus SO-ILEs [mean difference (MD) = -2.31 (-3.14 to -1.59) days] and MCT/SO-ILEs (-2.01 (-2.82 to -1.22 days) were shown. According to SUCRA score, FO-ILEs were ranked first for all five outcomes. CONCLUSIONS In hospitalized patients, FO-ILEs provide significant clinical benefits over all other types of ILEs, ranking first for all outcomes investigated. REGISTRATION NO PROSPERO 2022 CRD42022328660.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Konstantin Mayer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pneumology and Sleep Medicine, ViDia Kliniken, Karlsruhe, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Stanislaw Klek
- Surgical Oncology Clinic, The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Cancer Institute, 31-115 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Martin D Rosenthal
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | | | - Axel R Heller
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
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Hande LN, Thunhaug H, Ludviksen J, Hovland A, Lappegård KT. No effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on inflammatory markers in familial hypercholesterolemia: a randomized crossover trial. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2023; 83:152-159. [PMID: 36999528 DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2023.2178499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) have increased cardiovascular risk despite lipid-lowering therapy, and additional therapy is warranted. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplements have demonstrated an effect on cardiovascular endpoints in some clinical trials. Platelet-modifying and anti-inflammatory properties are among the proposed beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA. We investigated the effect of a high-dose n-3 PUFA supplement on platelet function and inflammatory markers in FH subjects. We performed a randomized, double-blind trial with a crossover design. Inclusion criteria were genetically verified heterozygous FH, stable disease, statin treatment >12 months, and age 18-75 years. Trial participants were allocated to two treatment periods in random order. The treatment periods (three months each) were separated by a three-month washout period. N-3 PUFA (1840 mg eicosapentaenoic acid and 1520 mg docosahexaenoic acid) and placebo (olive oil) were administered in four capsules daily. Endpoints were platelet function and inflammatory markers, assessed by platelet function analyzer, soluble markers P-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), 27 cytokines, and hematological parameters. Thirty-four heterozygous FH individuals completed the trial. No treatment effect (p = 0.93) from n-3 PUFA on the platelet function analyzer was found (2 s, 95% CI [-13, 6]). In our FH population, n-3 PUFA did not influence the levels of P-selectin (-2.0, 95% CI [-5.0, 2.0], p = 0.41), VCAM (0, 95% CI [-14.2, 14.2], p > 0.99), ICAM (-27.0, 95% CI [-70.1, 16.5]; p = 0.21), cytokine levels, or hematological parameters. In statin-treated FH individuals, high dose n-3 PUFA supplement did not affect platelet function and inflammatory markers.Trial registration number: EUDRACTNR 2012-000505-68; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01813006HighlightsTrial studying the effect of omega-3 fatty acids supplements in familial hypercholesterolemia.High-dose omega-3 fatty acids supplements had no impact on platelet function.Cytokine levels were unchanged after three months of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation.No effect of omega-3 fatty acids on C-reactive protein was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv Nesse Hande
- UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
| | | | | | - Anders Hovland
- Nordland Heart Center, Bodø, Norway
- Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Knut Tore Lappegård
- Department of Medicine, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Bhat S, Sarkar S, Zaffar D, Dandona P, Kalyani RR. Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: a Review of Recent Evidence. Curr Cardiol Rep 2023; 25:51-65. [PMID: 36729217 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01831-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) lower triglycerides, have anti-inflammatory properties, and improve metabolism. Clinical evidence of cardiovascular benefit with omega-3 fatty acids is mixed. We discuss mechanisms providing biological plausibility of benefit of omega-3 fatty acids in cardiovascular risk reduction and review clinical trials investigating the benefits of prescription omega-3 fatty acids in dyslipidemia, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), and diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS Although early trials showed no benefit of omega-3 fatty acids in ASCVD, the REDUCE-IT trial noted significant risk reduction in ASCVD events with highly purified EPA (icosapent ethyl) use which has changed the landscape for currently available therapeutic options. However, other large trials like STRENGTH and VITAL, which used different formulations of prescription omega-3 fatty acids, did not note significant cardiovascular risk reduction. Thus the effectiveness of omega-3 fatty acids for cardiovascular disease prevention is an ongoing topic of debate. A relative paucity of studies examining benefits for glycemic outcomes in persons with diabetes exists; however, few studies have suggested lack of benefit to date. Significant residual cardiovascular risk exists for individuals with hypertriglyceridemia. Prescription omega-3 fatty acids are more commonly used for CV risk reduction in these patients. Clinical guideline statements now recommend icosapent ethyl use for selected individuals with hypertriglyceridemia to reduce cardiovascular events given recent evidence from the REDUCE-IT trial. Nonetheless, data from other large scale trials has been mixed, and future research is needed to better understand how different preparations of omega-3 may differ in their cardiovascular and metabolic effects, and the mechanisms for their benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Bhat
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sudipa Sarkar
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Duha Zaffar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maryland Midtown Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paresh Dandona
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Rita R Kalyani
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States with incidence expected to increase in the coming decades. Recent years have produced a variety of new and novel therapeutics aimed at reducing the global burden of cardiovascular disease. This review highlights these recent advancements. RECENT FINDINGS In addition to more rigorous therapeutic thresholds for traditional LDL lowering agents such as statins, recent studies have developed new pathways of lipid lowering for both typical cardiovascular disease and complex, genetic lipid disorders. This includes inhibition of the cholesterol synthesis enzyme ATP citrate lyase with bempedoic acid, prevention of PCSK9 mRNA translation with inclisiran, inhibition of the lipoprotein lipase inhibitor angiopoetin like 3 protein with evinacumab and the use of anti-sense oligonucleotides to lower lipoprotein(a) levels. Icosapent ethyl, while remaining a topic of debate and controversy, demonstrates efficacy in cardiovascular risk reduction when all available data are examined. Lastly fibrate therapy continues to produce negative results in terms of cardiovascular disease reduction. SUMMARY Recent years have yielded breadth and depth to cardiovascular treatments. This expanded armamentarium will allow for more effective and more consistent treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnathon Seth Parham
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America.
| | - Anne Carol Goldberg
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, Campus Box 8127, 660 South Euclid, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America.
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Figueroa-Garduño I, Escamilla-Núñez C, Barraza-Villarreal A, Hernández-Cadena L, Onofre-Pardo EN, Romieu I. Docosahexaenoic Acid Effect on Prenatal Exposure to Arsenic and Atopic Dermatitis in Mexican Preschoolers. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 201:3152-3161. [PMID: 36074245 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03411-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Childhood atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and recurrent health problem that involves multiple factors, particularly immunological and environmental. We evaluated the impact of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on prenatal arsenic exposure on the risk of atopic dermatitis in preschool children as part of the POSGRAD (Prenatal Omega-3 fatty acid Supplements, GRowth, And Development) clinical trial study in the city of Morelos, Mexico. Our study population included 300 healthy mother-child pairs. Of these, 146 were in the placebo group and 154 in the supplement group. Information on family history, health, and other variables was obtained through standardized questionnaires used during follow-up. Prenatal exposure to arsenic concentrations, which appear in maternal urine, was measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. To assess the effect of prenatal arsenic exposure on AD risk, we ran a generalized estimating equation model for longitudinal data, adjusting for potential confounders, and testing for interaction by omega-3 fatty acid supplementation during pregnancy. The mean and SD (standard deviation) of arsenic concentration during pregnancy was 0.06 mg/L, SD (0.04 mg/L). We found a marginally significant association between prenatal arsenic exposure and AD (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.26); however, DHA supplementation during pregnancy modified the effect of arsenic on AD risk (p < 0.05). The results of this study strengthen the evidence that arsenic exposure during pregnancy increases the risk of atopic dermatitis early in life. However, supplementation with omega-e fatty acids during pregnancy could modify this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Figueroa-Garduño
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Morelos, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Consuelo Escamilla-Núñez
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Morelos, Cuernavaca, México.
| | - Albino Barraza-Villarreal
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Morelos, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Leticia Hernández-Cadena
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Morelos, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Erika Noelia Onofre-Pardo
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Sistemas Ambientales, Instituto Politécnico Nacional: Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Ciudad de Mexico, México
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Morelos, Cuernavaca, México
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Udayan A, Sreekumar N, Arumugam M. Statistical optimization and formulation of microalga cultivation medium for improved omega 3 fatty acid production. Syst Microbiol Biomanuf 2022; 2:369-379. [PMID: 38624805 PMCID: PMC8743079 DOI: 10.1007/s43393-021-00069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microalgae are considered a rich source of high-value metabolites with an array of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications. Different strategies have been developed for cultivating microalgae at large-scale photobioreactors but high cost and low productivity are the major hurdles. Optimizing the composition of media for the cultivation of microalgae to induce biomass production and high-value metabolite accumulation has been considered as an important factor for sustainable product development. In this study, the effect of plant growth regulators together with basal microalgal cultivation medium on biomass, total lipid, and EPA production was studied using the Plackett-Burman model and Response surface methodology. The traditional one-factor-at-a-time optimization approach is laborious, time-consuming, and requires more experiments which makes the process and analysis more difficult. The Designed PB model was found to be significant for biomass (396 mg/L), lipid (254 mg/L), and EPA (5.6%) production with a P value < 0.05. The major objective of this study is to formulate a medium for EPA production without compromising the growth properties. Further, we had formulated a new media using RSM to achieve the goal and the significant variables selected were NaNO3, NaH2PO4, and IAA and was found to be significant with 16.72% EPA production with a biomass production of 893 mg/L with a P value < 0.05. The formulated medium can be used in large-scale cultivation systems which can enhance biomass production as well as the omega 3 fatty acid production in marine microalgae Nannochloropsis oceanica. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43393-021-00069-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy Udayan
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), CSIR, Industrial Estate, Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
| | - Nidhin Sreekumar
- Accubits Invent, Accubits Technologies Inc., Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695004 India
| | - Muthu Arumugam
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), CSIR, Industrial Estate, Pappanamcode, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala 695019 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002 India
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12
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Chiva-Blanch G, Bratseth V, Laake K, Arnesen H, Solheim S, Schmidt EB, Badimon L, Seljeflot I. One year of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation does not reduce circulating prothrombotic microvesicles in elderly subjects after suffering a myocardial infarction. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:5674-5677. [PMID: 34742136 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Circulating microvesicles (cMV) are both effectors and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and the effects of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3 PUFA) in MV shedding are not yet well known. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of long-term n3 PUFA supplementation on cMV release from cells of the vascular compartment in elderly subjects at very high risk of CVD. METHODS We included 156 elderly patients 2-8 weeks after suffering an acute myocardial infarction from the OMEMI cohort. Subjects were randomly allocated to receive 930 mg EPA + 660 mg DHA (n3 PUFA intervention) or corn oil (56% linoleic acid, 32% oleic acid, 10% palmitic acid) used as placebo daily for two years. At inclusion and after one-year follow-up, prothrombotic [annexin V (AV)+] cMV derived from blood and vascular cells were phenotyped by flow cytometry. RESULTS No differences were observed in the levels of cMV between the randomized groups at inclusion in the study. After one-year follow-up, total AV+, platelet-derived CD61+/AV+, and endothelial-derived CD31+/AV+ and CD31+/CD42b-/AV+ cMV increased significantly in both groups. In the n3 PUFA supplemented group, platelet-derived CD62P+/AV+, CD42b+/AV+ and CD31+/CD42b+/AV+; leukocyte-derived CD62L+/AV+, CD45+/AV+, and CD11b+/AV+, as well as endothelial derived CD146+/AV+, CD62E+/AV+, and CD309+/AV+ cMV also increased significantly. No significant differences were however, observed in the changes of cMV levels between groups. CONCLUSION In elderly Norwegians who have suffered a recent acute myocardial infarction and treated as per guidelines, long-term supplementation with 1.8 g/day n3 PUFA does not modulate prothrombotic MV release from blood and vascular cells. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01841944.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Chiva-Blanch
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0450, Oslo, Norway; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Vibeke Bratseth
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0450, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Laake
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0450, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Arnesen
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0450, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Solheim
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0450, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0450, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Amirani E, Asemi Z, Asbaghi O, Milajerdi A, Reiner Ž, Mansournia MA, Hallajzadeh J, Moazzami B, Chaichian S. The effects of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on metabolic status in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 19:1685-1699. [PMID: 33520859 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective Data regarding the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) supplementation on metabolic status of pregnant women are limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis were done based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) dealing with the effects of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on glycemic control, lipoproteins, inflammation and oxidative stress in pregnant women. Methods Following databases were searched for eligible studies published from inception to until 2019: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google scholar. Studies that evaluated the effect of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on parameters of glycemic control, lipoproteins, inflammation and oxidative stress in pregnant women were found by using the key MeSH. A study quality assessment was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool and heterogeneity between studies was statistically computed using Cochrane's Q test and I-square (I2). Data were pooled using a random-effects model and weighted mean difference (WMD) was considered as the overall effect size. Results No significant effects of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on FPG, insulin, insulin resistance, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol, interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, and malondialdehyde were found. However, omega-3 PUFA significantly increased serum concentrations of HDL-cholesterol (WMD: 3.10; 95% CI: 0.18, 6.03) and reduced C-reactive protein (WMD: -1.85; 95% CI: -2.61, -1.09). Conclusion Based on the results of this meta-analysis omega-3 PUFA supplementation during pregnancy has a significant beneficial effect on HDL-cholesterol, and C-reactive protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Amirani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Omid Asbaghi
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Alireza Milajerdi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mohammad Ali Mansournia
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Hallajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Bahram Moazzami
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahla Chaichian
- Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research Center, Pars Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Jiménez DG, García CB, Martín JJD. Uses and Applications of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) in Pediatric Gastroenterology: Current Evidence and New Perspective. Curr Pediatr Rev 2021; 17:329-335. [PMID: 33655869 DOI: 10.2174/1573396317666210303151947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we will review the dietary allowances of these fatty acids in the paediatric population, and also the indications in different pathologies within the field of pediatric gastroenterology. Finally, we will try to explain the reasons that may justify the difficulty in translating good results in experimental studies to the usual clinical practice. This "good results" may be too little to be detected or there may be other causes but misinterpreted as effects of DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Bousoño García
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo,Spain
| | - Juan Jose Diaz Martín
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, University of Oviedo, Oviedo,Spain
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15
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Pimentel LL, Rodríguez-Alcalá LM. Cholesterol, inflammation, and phospholipids: COVID-19 share traits with cardiovascular disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158839. [PMID: 33080357 PMCID: PMC7568049 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lígia L Pimentel
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Luis M Rodríguez-Alcalá
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
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16
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de Castro Leão M, Raffin Pohlmann A, de Cristo Soares Alves A, Helena Poliselli Farsky S, Klimuk Uchiyama M, Araki K, Sandri S, Stanisçuaski Guterres S, Alves Castro I. Docosahexaenoic acid nanoencapsulated with anti-PECAM-1 as co-therapy for atherosclerosis regression. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 159:99-107. [PMID: 33358940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a non-resolving inflammatory condition that underlies major cardiovascular diseases.Recent clinical trial using an anti-inflammatory drug has showna reduction of cardiovascular mortality, but increased the susceptibility to infections. For this reason, tissue target anti-inflammatory therapies can represent a better option to regress atherosclerotic plaques. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is a natural omega 3 fatty acidcomponentof algae oil and acts asaprecursor of several anti-inflammatory compounds, such the specialized proresolving lipid mediators(SPMs). During the atherosclerosis process, the inflammatory condition of the endothelium leads to the higher expression of adhesion molecules, such as Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule Plate 1 (PECAM-1 or CD31), as part of the innate immune response. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop lipid-core nanocapsules with DHA constituting the nucleus and anti-PECAM-1 on their surface and drive this structure to the inflamed endothelium. Nanocapsules were prepared by interfacial deposition of pre-formed polymer method. Zinc-II was added to bind anti-PECAM-1 to the nanocapsule surface by forming an organometallic complex. Swelling experiment showed that the algae oil act as non-solvent for the polymer (weight constant weight for 60 days, p > 0.428) indicating an adequate material to produce kinetically stable lipid-core nanocapsules (LNC). Five formulations were synthesized: Lipid-core nanocapsules containing DHA (LNC-DHA) or containing Medium-chain triglycerides (LNC-MCT), multi-wall nanocapsules containing DHA (MLNC-DHA) or containing MCT (MLNC-MCT) and the surface-functionalized (anti-PECAM-1) metal-complex multi-wall nanocapsules containing DHA (MCMN-DHA-a1). All formulations showed homogeneous macroscopic aspects without aggregation. The mean size of the nanocapsules measured by laser diffraction did not show difference among the samples (p = 0.241). Multi-wall nanocapsules (MLNC) showed a slight increase in the mean diameter and polydispersity index (PDI) measured by DLS, lower pH and an inversion in the zeta-potential (ξP) compared to LNCs. Conjugation test for anti-PECAM-1 showed 94.80% of efficiency. The mean diameter of the formulation had slightly increased from 160 nm (LCN-DHA) and 162 nm (MLNC-DHA) to 164 nm (MCMN-DHA-a1) indicating that the surface functionalization did not induce aggregation of the nanocapsules. Biological assays showed that the MCMN-DHA-a1 were uptaken by the HUVEC cells and did not decrease their viability. The surface-functionalized (anti- PECAM-1) metal-complex multi-wall nanocapsules containing DHA (MCMN-DHA-a1) can be considered adequate for pharmaceutical approaches.
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17
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Mejía-Zepeda R, Pérez-Hernández IH. Effect of alpha linolenic acid on membrane fluidity and respiration of liver mitochondria in normoglycemic and diabetic Wistar rats. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2020; 52:421-430. [PMID: 33156468 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-020-09859-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The omega 3 fatty acids (ω3FA) have been recommended for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and its complications, but there are studies questioning those beneficial effects. In this research, we supplemented the short-chain ω3FA, alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), to a model of rats with T2DM and normoglycemic controls, for 5 months. We were mainly interested in studying the effects of diabetes and ALA on the physicochemical properties of mitochondrial membranes and the consequences on mitochondrial respiration. We found that the Respiratory Control (RC) of diabetic rats was 46% lower than in control rats; in diabetic rats with ALA supplement, it was only 23.9% lower, but in control rats with ALA supplement, the RC was 29.5% higher, apparently improving. Diabetes also decreased the membrane fluidity, changed the thermotropic characteristics of membranes, and increased the proportion of saturated fatty acids. ALA supplement partially kept regulated the physicochemical properties of mitochondrial membranes in induced rats. Our data indicate that diabetes decreased the membrane fluidity through changes in the fatty acids composition that simultaneously affected the RC, which means that the mitochondrial respiration is highly dependent on the physicochemical properties of the membranes. Simultaneously, it was followed the effects of ALA on the progress of diabetes and we found also that the supplementation of ALA helped in controlling glycaemia in rats induced to T2DM; however, in control non-induced rats, the supplementation of ALA derived in characteristics of initial development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Mejía-Zepeda
- Unidad de Biomedicina. FES Iztacala, UNAM. Av. De los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, C.P. 54090, México, Estado de México, Mexico.
| | - Ismael Herminio Pérez-Hernández
- Unidad de Biomedicina. FES Iztacala, UNAM. Av. De los Barrios No. 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla, C.P. 54090, México, Estado de México, Mexico
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18
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Pereira AZ, Gonçalves SEA, Rodrigues M, Hamerschlak N, Flowers ME. Challenging and Practical Aspects of Nutrition in Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2020; 26:e265-e270. [PMID: 32784069 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
There is a paucity of information about nutrition in chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The role of nutrition is important because malnutrition is strongly associated with severe chronic GVHD manifestations. There is a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis in this setting. Here we review the literature, describe main aspects of nutrition and discuss macronutrients (ie, vitamins), micronutrients (ie, Mg, Zn, Ca, and K) and supplements (probiotics and omega 3 fatty acids). A search was carried out in March 2020 using PubMed. Databases were screened for searching terms in titles and abstracts referring to chronic GVHD, nutrition intervention, protein, and body composition. Data were extracted for the following outcomes: nutrition, nutrition intervention, chronic GVHD, nutrition deficiencies, diet, vitamin, dry eye, probiotic, protein, and body composition. In this report, we summarize interventional nutrition studies reported in oncology and metabolic syndrome settings and describe our nutritional clinical practice in hematopoietic cell transplantation and chronic GVHD. The impact of nutrition evaluation and intervention on muscle mass loss, dry eye, dysgeusia, metabolic syndrome, osteoporosis, and comorbidities associated with chronic GVHD need to be studied prospectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Z Pereira
- Oncology and Hematology Department, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Sandra Elisa Adami Gonçalves
- Oncology and Hematology Department, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil; Clinical Nutrition Department, Prevent Senior Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Morgani Rodrigues
- Oncology and Hematology Department, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nelson Hamerschlak
- Oncology and Hematology Department, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mary E Flowers
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
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19
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Udayan A, Sabapathy H, Arumugam M. Stress hormones mediated lipid accumulation and modulation of specific fatty acids in Nannochloropsis oceanica CASA CC201. Bioresour Technol 2020; 310:123437. [PMID: 32361202 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of two plant growth regulators on selective modulation of nutraceutically important fatty acids. Exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) promoted microalgal growth compared to control. Treatment with 10 ppm salicylic acid (SA) induced significantly higher lipid production of 475 mg/L (2.2 fold). Interestingly treatment with higher doses of MeJA promoted monounsaturated fatty acid production, particularly oleic acid (C18:1) at early stationary growth phase, while treatment with SA induces essential omega 3 fatty acid production (EPA, C20:5). This significant modification of fatty acid compositions was correlated with the oxidative stress in terms of total reactive oxygen species production and endogenous growth hormone levels. Taken together, the results indicated that treatment with stress associated plant hormones significantly increased high value metabolite accumulation specifically MUFA and PUFA production by modulating stress mechanisms and endogenous growth hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy Udayan
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Trivandrum, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Hariharan Sabapathy
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Trivandrum, Kerala, India
| | - Muthu Arumugam
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Trivandrum, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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20
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Lombardi M, Chiabrando JG, Vescovo GM, Bressi E, Del Buono MG, Carbone S, Koenig RA, Van Tassell BW, Abbate A, Biondi-Zoccai G, Dixon DL. Impact of Different Doses of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Cardiovascular Outcomes: a Pairwise and Network Meta-analysis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2020; 22:45. [PMID: 32671519 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-020-00865-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Omega-3 fatty acid (O3FA) supplementation has shown conflicting evidence regarding its benefit in cardiovascular events. We performed a pairwise and network meta-analysis to elucidate the benefit of different doses of O3FA supplementation in cardiovascular prevention. RECENT FINDINGS Fourteen studies were identified providing data on 125,763 patients. A prespecified cut-off value of < 1 g per day was set for low-dose (LD) O3FA and > 1 g per day for high-dose (HD) O3FA. The efficacy outcomes of interest were total death, cardiac death, sudden cardiac death, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, unstable angina, and major vascular events. Safety outcomes of interest were bleeding, gastrointestinal disturbances, and atrial fibrillation events. HD treatment was associated with a lower risk of cardiac death (IRR 0.79, 95% CI [0.65-0.96], p = 0.03 versus control), myocardial infarction (0.71 [0.62-0.82], p < 0.0001 versus control and 0.79 [0.67-0.92], p = 0.003 versus LD), coronary revascularization (0.74 [0.66-0.83], p < 0.0001 versus control and 0.74 [0.66-0.84], p < 0.0001 versus LD), unstable angina (0.73 [0.62-0.86], p = 0.0001 versus control and 0.74 [0.62-0.89], p = 0.002 versus LD), and major vascular events (0.78 [0.71-0.85], p < 0.0001 versus control and 0.79 [0.72-0.88], p < 0.0001 versus LD). HD treatment was associated with increased risk for bleeding events (1.49 [1.2-1.84], p = 0.0002 versus control and 1.63 [1.16-2.3], p = 0.005 versus LD) and increased atrial fibrillation events compared to control (1.35 [1.1-1.66], p = 0.004). HD O3FA treatment was associated with lower cardiovascular events compared to LD and to control, but increased risk for bleeding and atrial fibrillation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lombardi
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Juan G Chiabrando
- Interventional Cardiology Service, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Health Science Statistics Applied Laboratory (LEACS), Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Giovanni M Vescovo
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Edoardo Bressi
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Division of Cardiology, Policlinico Casilino, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Giuseppe Del Buono
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Carbone
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Rachel A Koenig
- Tompkins-McCaw Library for the Health Sciences, VCU Libraries Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Benjamin W Van Tassell
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Antonio Abbate
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy.,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Dave L Dixon
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA. .,Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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21
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García-Serrano A, Tomé-Carneiro J, Carmen Crespo M, Visitación Calvo M, Pereda-Pérez I, Baliyan S, Burgos-Ramos E, Montero O, Dávalos A, Venero C, Visioli F, Fontecha J. Concentrates of buttermilk and krill oil improve cognition in aged rats. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 155:102077. [PMID: 32145667 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive decline is one of the hallmarks of aging and can vary from mild cognitive impairment to dementia to Alzheimer's disease. In addition to some lifestyle interventions, there is room for the use of nutraceuticals/functional foods as pharma-nutritional tools to lessen the burden of cognitive decline before it worsens. We previously reported the promising molecular actions of milk fat globule membranes and krill oil concentrates in a rat model of aging. In this study, we concentrated on the activities on cognition, using an array of validated tests. We also performed lipidomic analyses of plasma, erythrocytes, and different brain areas. We report lower emotional memory (contextual fear conditioning) in aged rats supplemented with concentrates of polar lipids from buttermilk or krill oil at doses that approximate human consumption. No other behavioral parameter was significantly influenced by the supplements, calling for further research to confirm or not the purported salubrious activities of polar lipids, namely those rich in ω3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, on cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba García-Serrano
- Bioactivity and Food Analysis Department, CIAL, CSIC-UAM, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Joao Tomé-Carneiro
- Bioactivity and Food Analysis Department, CIAL, CSIC-UAM, Madrid 28049, Spain; Bioactive Ingredients Food Group, IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Carmen Crespo
- Bioactive Ingredients Food Group, IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Visitación Calvo
- Bioactivity and Food Analysis Department, CIAL, CSIC-UAM, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Pereda-Pérez
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Shishir Baliyan
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Emma Burgos-Ramos
- Área de Bioquímica, Universidad de Castilla-La-Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Olimpio Montero
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Biotecnología, CSIC, Parque Tecnológico de Boecillo, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Alberto Dávalos
- Bioactive Ingredients Food Group, IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - César Venero
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Spain
| | - Francesco Visioli
- Bioactive Ingredients Food Group, IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, 35121, Italy.
| | - Javier Fontecha
- Bioactivity and Food Analysis Department, CIAL, CSIC-UAM, Madrid 28049, Spain
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22
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Mudgil P. Evaluation of use of essential fatty acids in topical ophthalmic preparations for dry eye. Ocul Surf 2019; 18:74-79. [PMID: 31589924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Essential fatty acids (EFAs) as dietary supplements are used in treating dry-eye for reducing inflammation at the ocular surface. Their topical application in eye drops to deliver fatty acid (FA) directly to the ocular surface requires thorough investigation. Being lipids in nature EFAs can interact with tear lipids and affect tear stability. This study aimed at investigating the biophysical interactions of EFAs with Meibomian lipids. METHODS Rheology of mixtures of Human Meibomian lipids with EFAs (LA-linoleic acid, ALA-alpha-linolenic acid), OA (oleic acid), and GLA (gamma-linolenic acid) was studied using Langmuir trough technology on an artificial tear solution at the ocular surface temperature. Pressure-area profiles were used to determine compressibility and elasticity of the mixed films. RESULTS LA enhanced spreading of Meibomian lipids and increased their compressibility and elasticity which can be beneficial for tear stability. ALA condensed Meibomian lipids film with less elasticity deemed unfavourable for tear stability. OA expanded Meibomian lipids but decreased elasticity at high compressions making films less stable. GLA had little or no favourable effect on tear stability. Higher concentrations of FAs made films less stable. CONCLUSIONS EFAs or OA in topical ophthalmic preparations can affect spread and stability of the tear film lipid layer. Rheology of mixed films should be tested using Langmuir trough technology to determine suitable type and amount of a lipid additive for therapeutic eye drops. In topical applications, the omega-6 LA (not omega-3 FA) at low concentrations (20 mol%) can be beneficial for enhancing tear stability in dry eye patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Mudgil
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, New South Wales, 2751, Australia.
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23
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Abstract
The recent introduction of inhibitors of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 to lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol on top of statins or as monotherapy is rapidly changing the landscape of treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). However, existing lipid-lowering drugs have little impact on lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) or plasma triglycerides, two other risk factors for ASCVD. This review summarizes the evidence and the rationale to target Lp(a) and triglycerides and provides an overview of currently tested strategies to lower Lp(a), apolipoprotein C-III and angiopoietin-like protein 3. In addition, it summarizes new findings on the use of omega-3 fatty acids (OM3FA) to fight ASCVD. With the exception of OM3FA supplementation, the promise of the experimental drugs discussed here depends on the long-term safety and efficacy of monoclonal antibodies and/or antisense oligonucleotides Clinical outcome trials will ultimately prove whether these new therapeutic modalities will reduce ASCVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willemien van Zwol
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine Rimbert
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Albert Kuivenhoven
- Department of Pediatrics, Section Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands.
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24
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Pahlavani M, Wijayatunga NN, Kalupahana NS, Ramalingam L, Gunaratne PH, Coarfa C, Rajapakshe K, Kottapalli P, Moustaid-Moussa N. Transcriptomic and microRNA analyses of gene networks regulated by eicosapentaenoic acid in brown adipose tissue of diet-induced obese mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:1523-1531. [PMID: 30261280 PMCID: PMC6298436 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates chemical energy as heat via thermogenesis and protects against obesity by increasing energy expenditure. However, regulation of BAT by dietary factors remains largely unexplored at the mechanistic level. We investigated the effect of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on BAT metabolism. Male C57BL/6J (B6) mice were fed either a high-fat diet (HF, 45% kcal fat) or HF diet supplemented with EPA (HF-EPA, 6.75% kcal EPA) for 11 weeks. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and microRNA (miRNA) profiling were performed on RNA from BAT using Illumina HiSeq and Illumina Genome Analyzer NextSeq, respectively. We conducted pathway analyses using ingenuity pathway analysis software (IPA®) and validated some genes and miRNAs using qPCR. We identified 479 genes that were differentially expressed (2-fold change, n = 3, P ≤ 0.05) in BAT from HF compared to HF-EPA. Genes negatively correlated with thermogenesis such as hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha subunit inhibitor (Hif1an), were downregulated by EPA. Pathways related to thermogenesis such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) were upregulated by EPA while pathways associated with obesity and inflammation such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) were downregulated by EPA. MiRNA profiling identified nine and six miRNAs that were upregulated and downregulated by EPA, respectively (log2 fold change > 1.25, n = 3, P ≤ 0.05). Key regulatory miRNAs which were involved in thermogenesis, such as miR-455-3p and miR-129-5p were validated using qPCR. In conclusion, the depth of transcriptomic and miRNA profiling revealed novel mRNA-miRNA interaction networks in BAT which are involved in thermogenesis, and regulated by EPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Pahlavani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States; Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Nadeeja N Wijayatunga
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Nishan S Kalupahana
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States; Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States; Department of Physiology, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Latha Ramalingam
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States; Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Preethi H Gunaratne
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, United States
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Pratibha Kottapalli
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomics, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States; Obesity Research Cluster, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, United States.
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Khandelwal S, Swamy MK, Patil K, Kondal D, Chaudhry M, Gupta R, Divan G, Kamate M, Ramakrishnan L, Bellad MB, Gan A, Kodkany BS, Martorell R, Srinath Reddy K, Prabhakaran D, Ramakrishnan U, Tandon N, Stein AD. The impact of DocosaHexaenoic Acid supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on Neurodevelopment of the offspring in India (DHANI): trial protocol. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:261. [PMID: 30077178 PMCID: PMC6090734 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1225-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests a strong association between nutrition during the first 1000 days (conception to 2 years of life) and cognitive development. Maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation has been suggested to be linked with cognitive development of their offspring. DHA is a structural component of human brain and retina, and can be derived from marine algae, fatty fish and marine oils. Since Indian diets are largely devoid of such products, plasma DHA levels are low. We are testing the effect of pre- and post-natal DHA maternal supplementation in India on infant motor and mental development, anthropometry and morbidity patterns. METHODS DHANI is a double-blinded, parallel group, randomized, placebo controlled trial supplementing 957 pregnant women aged 18-35 years from ≤20 weeks gestation through 6 months postpartum with 400 mg/d algal-derived DHA or placebo. Data on the participant's socio-demographic profile, anthropometric measurements and dietary intake are being recorded at baseline. The mother-infant dyads are followed through age 12 months. The primary outcome variable is infant motor and mental development quotient at 12 months of age evaluated by Development Assessment Scale in Indian Infants (DASII). Secondary outcomes are gestational age, APGAR scores, and infant anthropometry. Biochemical indices (blood and breast-milk) from mother-child dyads are being collected to estimate changes in DHA levels in response to supplementation. All analyses will follow the intent-to-treat principle. Two-sample t test will be used to test unadjusted difference in mean DASII score between placebo and DHA group. Adjusted analyses will be performed using multiple linear regression. DISCUSSION Implications for maternal and child health and nutrition in India: DHANI is the first large pre- and post-natal maternal dietary supplementation trial in India. If the trial finds substantial benefit, it can serve as a learning to scale up the DHA intervention in the country. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is retrospectively registered at clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT01580345 , NCT03072277 ) and ctri.nic.in ( CTRI/2013/04/003540 , CTRI/2017/08/009296 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Khandelwal
- Public Health Foundation of India, 47, Sector 44, Gurugram, Haryana, India.
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Gurugram, India.
| | - M K Swamy
- KLEU's JN Medical College, Belgavi, India
| | | | - Dimple Kondal
- Public Health Foundation of India, 47, Sector 44, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Monica Chaudhry
- Public Health Foundation of India, 47, Sector 44, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Ruby Gupta
- Public Health Foundation of India, 47, Sector 44, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | | | - Mahesh Kamate
- Child Development Centre, Prabhakar Kore Hospital, Belgavi, India
| | | | | | - Anita Gan
- KLEU's JN Medical College, Belgavi, India
| | | | - Reynaldo Martorell
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - K Srinath Reddy
- Public Health Foundation of India, 47, Sector 44, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Dorairaj Prabhakaran
- Public Health Foundation of India, 47, Sector 44, Gurugram, Haryana, India
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Gurugram, India
| | - Usha Ramakrishnan
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Aryeh D Stein
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health Emory University, Atlanta, USA
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26
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Zhang YG, Xia Y, Lu R, Sun J. Inflammation and intestinal leakiness in older HIV+ individuals with fish oil treatment. Genes Dis 2018; 5:220-225. [PMID: 30320186 PMCID: PMC6176151 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish oil is a natural product that has shown efficacy for managing inflammatory conditions with few side effects. There is emerging evidence that crosstalks between gut epithelial cells and immune cells contribute to chronic infectious diseases. HIV-infected (HIV+) older adults show age-related co-morbidities at a younger age than their uninfected counterparts. Persistent inflammation related to the chronic viral infection and its sequelae is thought to contribute to this disparity. However, little is known about whether fish oil reduces intestinal inflammation in HIV + patients. We measure inflammation and gut barrier function in HIV + older adults (median age = 52, N = 33), following 12 weeks of fish oil supplementation (a total daily dose of 1.6 g of omega-3 fatty acids). We showed a reduction in inflammation and gut permeability as measured by CD14, inflammatory cytokines, lipopolysaccharide, and lipopolysaccharide binding protein. The results indicate that older HIV + adults may benefit from a diet supplemented with the omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Guo Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Yinglin Xia
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Rong Lu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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Bjornevik K, Myhr KM, Beiske A, Bjerve KS, Holmøy T, Hovdal H, Midgard R, Riise T, Wergeland S, Torkildsen Ø. α-Linolenic acid is associated with MRI activity in a prospective cohort of multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler 2018; 25:987-993. [PMID: 29862891 DOI: 10.1177/1352458518779925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The plant-based ω-3 fatty acid α-linolenic acid (ALA) has been associated with lower MS risk. It is currently unknown whether ALA affects disease activity. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between ALA levels and disease activity. METHODS We conducted a cohort study including 87 multiple sclerosis (MS)-patients who originally participated in a randomized trial of ω-3 fatty acids (the OFAMS study). We measured serum levels of ALA during follow-up and used random intercept logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between ALA levels, new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions, Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) progression and new relapses adjusting for age at inclusion, sex, and use of interferon beta-1a. RESULTS In continuous (per 1-SD increase) multivariable-adjusted analyses, higher ALA levels were significantly associated with lower odds of new T2-lesions (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.37-0.95) during follow-up. The effect estimates were similar for new T1Gd + lesions (OR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.48-1.11), EDSS-progression (OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.34-1.16) and new relapses (OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.22-1.10), but these estimates did not reach statistical significance. Further adjustment for vitamin D and tobacco use did not materially change the results. CONCLUSION We found that higher levels of ALA were associated with lower disease activity in MS-patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kjetil Bjornevik
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; The Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjell-Morten Myhr
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Norwegian MS Registry and Biobank, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Kristian S Bjerve
- Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trygve Holmøy
- Department of Neurology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Hovdal
- Department of Neurology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Rune Midgard
- Department of Neurology, Molde Hospital, Molde, Norway
| | - Trond Riise
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; The Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stig Wergeland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Norwegian MS Registry and Biobank, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Øivind Torkildsen
- The Norwegian Multiple Sclerosis Competence Centre, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Patra BN, Khandelwal SK, Chadda RK, Lakshmy R, Abraham RA. A controlled study of plasma fatty acids in Indian patients with depressive episode. Asian J Psychiatr 2018; 31:152-156. [PMID: 29229218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study the plasma omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acid levels in patients with depressive episode and in matched healthy controls. METHOD Thirty patients with first episode depression and thirty healthy matched control subjects were recruited from a tertiary care hospital setting. We measured plasma omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid levels of the study and the control group. RESULT There were no significant differences in plasma omega 3 fatty acid levels between study group and control group. The plasma omega 6 fatty acid levels of study group were significantly less than that of control group. CONCLUSIONS The present study is an initial attempt to investigate the link between fatty acids and depression in a clinical setting in India. This comparative study with normal controls did not etiologically link these polyunsaturated fatty acids in this sample of depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bichitra Nanda Patra
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India.
| | - Sudhir K Khandelwal
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Rakesh K Chadda
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ramakrishnan Lakshmy
- Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Ransi Ann Abraham
- Department of Cardiac Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
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29
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Knöchel C, Voss M, Gruter F, Alves GS, Matura S, Sepanski B, Stablein M, Kraft D, Prvulovic D, Carvalho AF, Reif A, Oertel-Knochel V. Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Repurposing Opportunities for Cognition and Biobehavioral Disturbances in MCI and Dementia. Curr Alzheimer Res 2017; 14:240-254. [PMID: 27335040 DOI: 10.2174/1567205013666160602235520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases may directly affect memory performance, thus leading to functional impairments. An increasing body of evidence suggests an association between dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids and memory functioning in animal models as well as in human studies. Recent evidence supports a potential beneficial role of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on psychopathological and cognitive symptoms, beside their established positive effects on cardiovascular health. OBJECTIVE We summarize relevant and recent evidence from epidemiological, interventional and experimental studies investigating dietary consumption of omega-3 fatty acids and emphazing mechanisms of memory disorders, with a focus on mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Omega-3 fatty acid could represent an affordable and accessible adjunctive treatment option to improve cognitive and non-cognitive function with a focus on MCI or dementia. However, apart from its translational promise, which is based on mechanistic models and evidence from animal studies, evidence for clinical benefits in humans is lacking. METHOD To follow this research question, a search through electronic databases for the following search terms to identify relevant studies was conducted: 'omega 3 fatty acids', 'cognition', 'memory', ´Alzheimer´s Disease ´, ´dementia´, ´MCI`. Studies were included if they presented original data and were published in English between 1990 and 2015. RESULTS To our the best of our knowledge, there are only 8 interventional studies that investigated the effects of n3-PUFAs in dementia patients, while 6 studies were conducted in healthy individuals, which in combination show equivocal results. CONCLUSION This verifies the need for larger and (more) well designed clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Knöchel
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy; Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, Goethe-University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
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30
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Udayan A, Arumugam M. Selective enrichment of Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) in N. oceanica CASA CC201 by natural auxin supplementation. Bioresour Technol 2017; 242:329-333. [PMID: 28411052 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the effect of different concentration of natural auxin, Indole-3 acetic acid (IAA) on growth, lipid yield, PUFA and EPA accumulation in Nannochloropsis oceanica CASA CC201. It was observed that the, treatment with 10ppm concentration of IAA resulted in high cell number 579.5×106cells/ml than the control (215.5×106cells/ml). Treatment with IAA at a concentration of 40ppm gives the highest cellular lipid accumulation of 60.9% DCW than the control 31.05% DCW). Lipid yield is also found to be increased by the addition of 40ppm IAA (319.5mg/L) compared with the control (121.5mg/L). EPA percentage is increased to 10.76% by the addition of 40ppm IAA compared to the control (1.87%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy Udayan
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Trivandrum, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, India
| | - Muthu Arumugam
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Trivandrum, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, India.
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31
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Alzoubi MR, Aldomi Al-Domi H. Could omega-3 fatty acids a therapeutic treatment of the immune-metabolic consequence of intermittent hypoxia in obstructive sleep apnea? Diabetes Metab Syndr 2017; 11:297-304. [PMID: 27389079 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2016.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and Obstructive sleep Apnea (OSA) seems to bi-directional; obesity itself increases the risk of OSA, but on the other hand, OSA may also predispose the individuals to weight gain, both obesity and OSA share a common immune-metabolic link state which have a synergistic effect on the activation of inflammation, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. The Immune-metabolic role of omega-3 fatty acids Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which capable of modulating both metabolic and immune process, which may decrease pro-inflammatory cytokines, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. To date, no study in humans suffering from OSA and omega-3 fatty acids has been performed. Hence, the objective of this review aimed to discussing the link between immune-metabolic consequences related to intermittent hypoxia and does Omega-3 fatty acids a therapeutic treatment for co-morbidity associated with obstructive sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed R Alzoubi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, 11942 Amman, Jordan.
| | - Hayder Aldomi Al-Domi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, 11942 Amman, Jordan.
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32
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Udayan A, Arumugam M. Selective enrichment of Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) in N. oceanica CASA CC201 by natural auxin supplementation. Bioresour Technol 2017. [PMID: 28411052 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017b.03.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the effect of different concentration of natural auxin, Indole-3 acetic acid (IAA) on growth, lipid yield, PUFA and EPA accumulation in Nannochloropsis oceanica CASA CC201. It was observed that the, treatment with 10ppm concentration of IAA resulted in high cell number 579.5×106cells/ml than the control (215.5×106cells/ml). Treatment with IAA at a concentration of 40ppm gives the highest cellular lipid accumulation of 60.9% DCW than the control 31.05% DCW). Lipid yield is also found to be increased by the addition of 40ppm IAA (319.5mg/L) compared with the control (121.5mg/L). EPA percentage is increased to 10.76% by the addition of 40ppm IAA compared to the control (1.87%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy Udayan
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Trivandrum, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, India
| | - Muthu Arumugam
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Trivandrum, Kerala, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR, India.
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33
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Pahlavani M, Razafimanjato F, Ramalingam L, Kalupahana NS, Moussa H, Scoggin S, Moustaid-Moussa N. Eicosapentaenoic acid regulates brown adipose tissue metabolism in high-fat-fed mice and in clonal brown adipocytes. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 39:101-9. [PMID: 27833050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a key role in energy expenditure through its specialized thermogenic function. Therefore, BAT activation may help prevent and/or treat obesity. Interestingly, subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) also has the ability to differentiate into brown-like adipocytes and may potentially contribute to increased thermogenesis. We have previously reported that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) reduces high-fat (HF)-diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice. Whether BAT mediates some of these beneficial effects of EPA has not been determined. We hypothesized that EPA activates BAT thermogenic program, contributing to its antiobesity effects. BAT and WAT were harvested from B6 male mice fed HF diets supplemented with or without EPA. HIB 1B clonal brown adipocytes treated with or without EPA were also used. Gene and protein expressions were measured in adipose tissues and H1B 1B cells by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting, respectively. Our results show that BAT from EPA-supplemented mice expressed significantly higher levels of thermogenic genes such as PRDM16 and PGC1α and higher levels of uncoupling protein 1 compared to HF-fed mice. By contrast, both WATs (subcutaneous and visceral) had undetectable levels of these markers with no up regulation by EPA. HIB 1B cells treated with EPA showed significantly higher mRNA expression of PGC1α and SIRT2. EPA treatment significantly increased maximum oxidative and peak glycolytic metabolism in H1B 1B cells. Our results demonstrate a novel and promising role for EPA in preventing obesity via activation of BAT, adding to its known beneficial anti-inflammatory effects.
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McCall N, Mahadevia D, Corriveau JA, Glenn MJ. Adult emotionality and neural plasticity as a function of adolescent nutrient supplementation in male rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 132:125-135. [PMID: 25782746 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study explored the effects of supplementing male rats with either choline, omega-3 fatty acids, or phytoestrogens, from weaning into early adulthood, on emotionality and hippocampal plasticity. Because of the neuroprotective properties of these nutrients, we hypothesized that they would positively affect both behavior and hippocampal function when compared to non-supplemented control rats. To test this hypothesis, male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to one of four nutrient conditions after weaning: 1) control (normal rat chow); 2) choline (supplemented in drinking water); 3) omega 3 fatty acids (daily oral supplements); or 4) phytoestrogens (supplemented in chow). After 4weeks on their respective diets, a subset of rats began 3weeks of behavioral testing, while the remaining behaviorally naïve rats were sacrificed after 6weeks on the diets to assess numbers of adult-born hippocampal neurons using the immature neuron marker, doublecortin. The results revealed that choline supplementation affected emotional functioning; compared to rats in other diet conditions, rats in this group were less anxious in an open field and after exposure to predator odor and showed less behavioral despair after forced swimming. Similar behavioral findings were evident following supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids and phytoestrogen supplementation, though not on all tests and not to the same magnitude. Histological findings followed a pattern consistent with the behavioral findings: choline supplementation, followed by omega-3 fatty acid supplementation, but not phytoestrogen supplementation, significantly increased the numbers of new-born hippocampal neurons. Choline and omega-3 fatty acids have similar biological functions-affecting cell membranes, growth factor levels, and epigenetically altering gene transcription. Thus, the present findings suggest that targeting nutrients with these effects may be a viable strategy to combat adult psychopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora McCall
- Department of Biology, Colby College, Waterville, ME 04901, United States
| | - Darshini Mahadevia
- Department of Psychology, Colby College, Waterville, ME 04901, United States
| | | | - Melissa J Glenn
- Department of Psychology, Colby College, Waterville, ME 04901, United States.
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R C, Sunkireddy YR. Preparation and quality evaluation of peanut chikki incorporated with flaxseeds. J Food Sci Technol 2011; 48:745-9. [PMID: 23572815 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-010-0177-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/18/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In an attempt to achieve correct ratio of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids for health benefits, flaxseeds (Linum usitatissimum), a good source of n-3 fatty acids, were incorporated with optimized 20% replacement of peanuts in the formulation for the preparation of chikki. Tertiarybutylhydroquinone (TBHQ) at 200 ppm level used as an antioxidant. Results showed that there were no differences in texture or sensory quality among the samples with and without addition of antioxidant. The peroxide value of oil in chikki increased gradually at 37 °C on storage. At the end of 60 days at 37 °C, rancidity developed in samples without antioxidant but not in that with added antioxidant. Thus, TBHQ increased the shelf-life of the product. Addition of flaxseeds to chikki increased PUFA content, especially n-3 fatty acids, up to 9%, which were not present in chikki prepared only with peanuts. Thus the ratio of 18:2 to 18:3 increased with addition of flaxseed, which has significant health benefits.
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Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from fish and fish oils appear to protect against coronary heart disease: their dietary intake is in fact inversely associated to cardiovascular disease morbidity/mortality in population studies. Recent evidence suggests that at least part of their heart protective effect is mediated by a relatively small but significant decrease in blood pressure level. In fact, omega-3 PUFAs exhibit wide-ranging biological actions that include regulating both vasomotor tone and renal sodium excretion, partly competing with omega-6 PUFAs for common metabolic enzymes and thereby decreasing the production of vasocostrincting rather than vasodilating and anti-inflammatory eicosanoids. PUFAs also reduce angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity, angiotensin II formation, TGF-beta expression, enhance eNO generation and activate the parasympathetic nervous system. The final result is improved vasodilation and arterial compliance of both small and large arteries. Preliminary clinical trials involving dyslipidemic patients, diabetics and elderly subjects, as well as normotensive and hypertensive subjects confirm this working hypothesis. Future research will clarify if PUFA supplementation could improve the antihypertensive action of specific blood pressure lowering drug classes and of statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Borghi
- Clinical Medicine and Applied Biotechnology Department "D. Campanacci", Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna - Italy
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