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Horak P, Griffith M, Danos AM, Pitel BA, Madhavan S, Liu X, Chow C, Williams H, Carmody L, Barrow-Laing L, Rieke D, Kreutzfeldt S, Stenzinger A, Tamborero D, Benary M, Rajagopal PS, Ida CM, Lesmana H, Satgunaseelan L, Merker JD, Tolstorukov MY, Campregher PV, Warner JL, Rao S, Natesan M, Shen H, Venstrom J, Roy S, Tao K, Kanagal-Shamanna R, Xu X, Ritter DI, Pagel K, Krysiak K, Dubuc A, Akkari YM, Li XS, Lee J, King I, Raca G, Wagner AH, Li MM, Plon SE, Kulkarni S, Griffith OL, Chakravarty D, Sonkin D. Standards for the classification of pathogenicity of somatic variants in cancer ( oncogenicity): Joint recommendations of Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen), Cancer Genomics Consortium (CGC), and Variant Interpretation for Cancer Consortium (VICC). Genet Med 2022; 24:986-998. [PMID: 35101336 PMCID: PMC9081216 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Several professional societies have published guidelines for the clinical interpretation of somatic variants, which specifically address diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications. Although these guidelines for the clinical interpretation of variants include data types that may be used to determine the oncogenicity of a variant (eg, population frequency, functional, and in silico data or somatic frequency), they do not provide a direct, systematic, and comprehensive set of standards and rules to classify the oncogenicity of a somatic variant. This insufficient guidance leads to inconsistent classification of rare somatic variants in cancer, generates variability in their clinical interpretation, and, importantly, affects patient care. Therefore, it is essential to address this unmet need. METHODS Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) Somatic Cancer Clinical Domain Working Group and ClinGen Germline/Somatic Variant Subcommittee, the Cancer Genomics Consortium, and the Variant Interpretation for Cancer Consortium used a consensus approach to develop a standard operating procedure (SOP) for the classification of oncogenicity of somatic variants. RESULTS This comprehensive SOP has been developed to improve consistency in somatic variant classification and has been validated on 94 somatic variants in 10 common cancer-related genes. CONCLUSION The comprehensive SOP is now available for classification of oncogenicity of somatic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Horak
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Malachi Griffith
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Arpad M Danos
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | | | | | - Xuelu Liu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Cynthia Chow
- BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Leigh Carmody
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | | | - Damian Rieke
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Kreutzfeldt
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Padma Sheila Rajagopal
- Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Harry Lesmana
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Jason D Merker
- UNC School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | | | | | - Shruti Rao
- Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Maya Natesan
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Haolin Shen
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | | | - Somak Roy
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Kayoko Tao
- National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Kym Pagel
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kilannin Krysiak
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Adrian Dubuc
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Jennifer Lee
- Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD
| | - Ian King
- University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gordana Raca
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Alex H Wagner
- Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Marylin M Li
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | | | - Obi L Griffith
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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Xu C, Sun W, Liu J, Pu H, Li Y. MiR-342-3p inhibits LCSC oncogenicity and cell stemness through HDAC7/PTEN axis. Inflamm Res 2021; 71:107-117. [PMID: 34842937 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01521-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the effects of miR-342-3p on liver cancer stem cells (LCSC) and related mechanism. METHODS LCSC were sorted using immunomagnetic beads and flow cytometry was used to determine CD133+ and CD133- sorted cells. The self-renewal ability and growth ability of LCSC were measured by tumor spheroid formation assay and soft agar colony formation assay. Protein and mRNA expressions of CD44, ALDH1, Bmi1, Sox2 and Oct4 were detected by western blot and quantitative PCR. The relationship between miR-342-3p and HDAC7 was analyzed by dual-luciferase assay. The acetylation level of H3 protein was measured by acetyl Lysine antibody. RESULTS miR-342-3p overexpression in LCSC lead to lower tumor volume, reduced tumor spheroid formation and agar colony formation rates, as well as lower mRNA and protein expressions of CD44, ALDH1, Bmi1, Sox2, and Oct4. Dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed HDAC7 as a target gene of miR-342-3p. Inhibition of HDAC7 or overexpression of PTEN suppressed the carcinogenicity and stemness of LCSC. PTEN expression was increased in sh-HDAC7 group and decreased in pcDNA3.1-HDAC7 group. HDAC7 promoted H3 deacetylation and inhibited PTEN expression. Overexpression of HDAC7 or silencing of PTEN could reverse the inhibitory effect of overexpression of miR-342-3p on LCSC carcinogenicity and cell stemness. CONCLUSION MiR-342-3p inhibited LCSC oncogenicity and cell stemness by promoting PTEN and inhibiting HDAC7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease (No. 3), Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Sun
- Department of Respiratory Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haihong Pu
- Department of Respiratory Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghong Li
- Department of Respiratory Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, No. 150, Haping Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.
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Ganguly M, Yeolekar L, Tyagi P, Sagar U, Narale S, Anaspure Y, Tupe S, Wadkar K, Ingle N, Dhere R, Scorza FB, Mahmood K. Evaluation of manufacturing feasibility and safety of an MDCK cell-based live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) platform. Vaccine 2020; 38:8379-8386. [PMID: 33229107 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cell culture based live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) as an alternative to egg-based LAIV have been explored because of lack of easy access to SPF eggs for large scale production. In this study, feasibility of MDCK platform was assessed by including multiple LAIV strains covering both type A (H1 and H3) and type B seasonal strains as well as the candidate pandemic potential strains like A/H5 and A/H7 for the growth in MDCK cells. A risk assessment study was conducted on the cell banks to evaluate safety concerns related to tumorigenicity with a regulatory perspective. Tumorigenic potential of the MDCK cells was evaluated in nude mice (107cells/mouse) model system. The 50% tumor producing dose (TPD50) of MDCK cells was studied in SCID mice to determine the amount of cells required for induction of tumors. Further, we conducted an oncogenicity study in three sensitive rodent species as per the requirements specified in the WHO guidelines. We determined TPD50 value of 1.9 X 104 cells/mice through subcutaneous route. Our results suggest that, the intranasal route of administration of the cell culture based LAIV pose minimal to no risk of tumorigenicity associated with the host cells. Also, non-oncogenic nature of MDCK cells was demonstrated. Host cell DNA in the vaccine formulations was < 10 ng/dose which ensures vaccine safety. Production efficiency and consistency were characterized and the observed titer values of the viral harvest and the processed bulk were comparable to the expansion in embryonated eggs. The present study clearly establishes the suitability of MDCK cells as a substrate for the manufacture of a safe and viable LAIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Ganguly
- Serum Institute of India Private Limited, 212/2, Hadapsar, Pune, India.
| | - Leena Yeolekar
- Serum Institute of India Private Limited, 212/2, Hadapsar, Pune, India
| | - Parikshit Tyagi
- Serum Institute of India Private Limited, 212/2, Hadapsar, Pune, India
| | - Umesh Sagar
- Serum Institute of India Private Limited, 212/2, Hadapsar, Pune, India
| | - Swapnil Narale
- Serum Institute of India Private Limited, 212/2, Hadapsar, Pune, India
| | | | - Sham Tupe
- Serum Institute of India Private Limited, 212/2, Hadapsar, Pune, India
| | - Kuntinath Wadkar
- Serum Institute of India Private Limited, 212/2, Hadapsar, Pune, India
| | - Nilesh Ingle
- Serum Institute of India Private Limited, 212/2, Hadapsar, Pune, India
| | - Rajeev Dhere
- Serum Institute of India Private Limited, 212/2, Hadapsar, Pune, India
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Tian L, Zhao ZF, Xie L, Zhu JP. Taurine up-regulated 1 accelerates tumorigenesis of colon cancer by regulating miR-26a-5p/MMP14/p38 MAPK/Hsp27 axis in vitro and in vivo. Life Sci 2019; 239:117035. [PMID: 31697952 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of long non-coding RNA taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) in colon cancer (Cc) and related molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS RT-qPCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of related proteins. BrdU and Transwell assays were used to detect cell proliferation and invasion, respectively. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of Vimentin. KEY FINDINGS TUG1 expression was up-regulated in CaCO-2, SW620 and HT-29 cells, while miR-26a-5p was down-regulated. Bioinformatics analysis showed that miR-26a-5p was the target of TUG1, and the targeting relationship was further confirmed by dual-luciferase report analysis. Besides, matrix metalloproteinases-14 (MMP-14) was a target of mir-26a-5p. Knockdown of TUG1 by shRNA (sh-TUG1) inhibited MMP-14 expression. Functional analysis showed that sh-TUG1 significantly inhibited Cc cell proliferation, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT). Notably, miR-26a-5p inhibitor reversed the promotion of Cc caused by sh-TUG1. Mechanically, the overexpression of TUG1 significantly up-regulated the levels of MMP-14, VEGF, p-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38 MAPK) and p-HSP27 (heat shock protein 27), and promoted the proliferation, invasion and EMT of Cc cells. However, MAPK pathway inhibitor SB203580 has shown the opposite effect. Additionally, animal studies have shown that sh-TUG1 inhibited tumor growth and motility in vivo in the same way. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrated that TUG1 accelerates the development of colon cancer by regulating miR-26a-5p/MMP14/p38 MAPK/Hsp27 axis in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, TUG1 provides a new direction for the treatment of Cc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tian
- Department of Gastroenterol, Jinzhou Medical University, Affilliated Hospital 1, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-Feng Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterol, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Xie
- Department of Anatomy, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Peng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterol, Jinzhou Medical University, Affilliated Hospital 1, Jinzhou, 121000, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China
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Yu JH, Shi WW, Zhou MY, Liu JM, Han QY, Xu HH. Genetic variability and oncogenic risk association of human papillomavirus type 58 E6 and E7 genes in Taizhou area, China. Gene 2018; 686:171-176. [PMID: 30471332 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It is well recognized that the association of human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical carcinogenesis is based on the presence of HPV DNA sequence. The E6 and E7 oncoproteins encoded by high-risk HPV types play a key role in carcinogenesis. HPV58 type accounts for a larger share of cervical disease in China, whereas data on HPV58 genetic variability in China is limited. We aimed to evaluate the diversity of HPV58 genetic variants by sequencing the entire E6 and E7 genes. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by Maximum likelihood method by MEGA 5.05 software. In this study, the overall HPV infection rate was 22.6% (2891/12780) in Southeast China and the prevalence of HPV58 infection rate was 2.6% (335/12780). 26 nucleotides substitutions were observed in E6 and E7 genes with 10 novel substitutions and 17 non-synonymous substitutions. We obtained 25 distinct variation patterns which the accession GenBank numbers as MH348918-MH348942. All of HPV58 variants belong to lineage A, while no lineage B, C and D were detected in Taizhou area, Southeast China. The sublineage A1, A2, and A3 variants were found in 136 (68.3%), 39 (19.6%), and 24 (12.1%) of HPV58 isolates, respectively. The sublineage A3 variants with T20I/G63S substitutions at E7 oncoprotein carried a significantly higher risk for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN2 or worse, CIN2+) when compared with other HPV58 variants (odds ratio = 4.41, P < 0.05). Nevertheless, there was no association between HPV58 (sub) lineages and cervical lesions. These data provide the critical characteristics of HPV58 variants to assist further investigation of carcinogenic association and the development of next generation vaccines and diagnostic assays in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui Yu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei-Wu Shi
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mei-Ying Zhou
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia-Mei Liu
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Han
- Human Tissue Bank, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hui-Hui Xu
- Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Medical Research Center, Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang, China.
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Huang N, Huang Z, Gao M, Luo Z, Zhou F, Liu L, Xiao Q, Wang X, Feng W. Induction of apoptosis in imatinib sensitive and resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells by efficient disruption of bcr-abl oncogene with zinc finger nucleases. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:62. [PMID: 29554925 PMCID: PMC5859405 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The bcr-abl fusion gene is the pathological origin of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and plays a critical role in the resistance of imatinib. Thus, bcr-abl disruption-based novel therapeutic strategy may warrant exploration. In our study, we were surprised to find that the characteristics of bcr-abl sequences met the design requirements of zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs). Methods We constructed the ZFNs targeting bcr-abl with high specificity through simple modular assembly approach. Western blotting was conducted to detect the expression of BCR-ABL and phosphorylation of its downstream STAT5, ERK and CRKL in CML cells. CCK8 assay, colony-forming assay and flow cytometry (FCM) were used to evaluate the effect of the ZFNs on the viablity and apoptosis of CML cells and CML CD34+ cells. Moreover, mice model was used to determine the ability of ZFNs in disrupting the leukemogenesis of bcr-abl in vivo. Results The ZFNs skillfully mediated 8-base NotI enzyme cutting site addition in bcr-abl gene of imatinib sensitive and resistant CML cells by homology-directed repair (HDR), which led to a stop codon and terminated the translation of BCR-ABL protein. As expected, the disruption of bcr-abl gene induced cell apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation. Notably, we obtained similar result in CD34+ cells from CML patients. Moreover, the ZFNs significantly reduced the oncogenicity of CML cells in mice. Conclusion These results reveal that the bcr-abl gene disruption based on ZFNs may provide a treatment choice for imatinib resistant or intolerant CML patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0732-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningshu Huang
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenglan Huang
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhong Luo
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangzhu Zhou
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Xiao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Feng
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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Huang N, Huang Z, Gao M, Luo Z, Zhou F, Liu L, Xiao Q, Wang X, Feng W. Induction of apoptosis in imatinib sensitive and resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells by efficient disruption of bcr-abl oncogene with zinc finger nucleases. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018. [PMID: 29554925 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0732-4.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bcr-abl fusion gene is the pathological origin of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and plays a critical role in the resistance of imatinib. Thus, bcr-abl disruption-based novel therapeutic strategy may warrant exploration. In our study, we were surprised to find that the characteristics of bcr-abl sequences met the design requirements of zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs). METHODS We constructed the ZFNs targeting bcr-abl with high specificity through simple modular assembly approach. Western blotting was conducted to detect the expression of BCR-ABL and phosphorylation of its downstream STAT5, ERK and CRKL in CML cells. CCK8 assay, colony-forming assay and flow cytometry (FCM) were used to evaluate the effect of the ZFNs on the viablity and apoptosis of CML cells and CML CD34+ cells. Moreover, mice model was used to determine the ability of ZFNs in disrupting the leukemogenesis of bcr-abl in vivo. RESULTS The ZFNs skillfully mediated 8-base NotI enzyme cutting site addition in bcr-abl gene of imatinib sensitive and resistant CML cells by homology-directed repair (HDR), which led to a stop codon and terminated the translation of BCR-ABL protein. As expected, the disruption of bcr-abl gene induced cell apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation. Notably, we obtained similar result in CD34+ cells from CML patients. Moreover, the ZFNs significantly reduced the oncogenicity of CML cells in mice. CONCLUSION These results reveal that the bcr-abl gene disruption based on ZFNs may provide a treatment choice for imatinib resistant or intolerant CML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningshu Huang
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenglan Huang
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhong Luo
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangzhu Zhou
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Xiao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Feng
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yixueyuan Road, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
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Semukunzi H, Roy D, Li H, Khan GJ, Lyu X, Yuan S, Lin S. IDH mutations associated impact on related cancer epidemiology and subsequent effect toward HIF-1α. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:805-811. [PMID: 28273642 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Particular mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase gene (IDH) were discovered in several gliomas citing astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma, and glioblastoma multiform, but also in leukemia; these mutations were discovered in nearly all cases of secondary glioblastomas, they evolve from lower-grade gliomas, but are limited in primary high-grade glioblastoma multiform. These mutations distinctively produce (D)-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG) from alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG). (D)-2-hydroxyglutarate is accumulated to very high concentrations which inhibit the function of enzymes that are dependent on alpha-ketoglutarate. This modification leads to a hyper-methylated state of DNA and histones, resulting in different gene expression that can activate oncogenes and inactivate tumor-suppressor genes. In our work we review the impact of the mutations that occur in IDH genes, we focus on their impact on distribution in cancer. As IDH mutations appear in many different conditions we expose the extent of IDH mutations and derivate their impact on cancer prognosis, diagnosis, and even their oncogenicity, we will also link their impact to HIF-1α and derivate some target and finally, we present some of the therapeutics under research and out on market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herve Semukunzi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Debmalya Roy
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hongyang Li
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ghulam Jilany Khan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaodan Lyu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shengtao Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Sensen Lin
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Nie GH, Luo L, Duan HF, Li XQ, Yin MJ, Li Z, Zhang W. GALNT7, a target of miR-494, participates in the oncogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:4559-67. [PMID: 26503214 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
GalNAc-transferase-7 (GALNT7) is essential for the regulation of cell proliferation and has been implicated in tumorigenesis. However, the role of GALNT7 in the development and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unclear. Our previous study showed that GALNT7 was a putative target of miR-494, which was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay. In the present study, we demonstrated that in vitro knockdown of GALNT7 significantly inhibited the proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion of NPC-derived cells. In vivo tumorigenicity assay showed that miR-494 and GALNT7-small interfering RNA (siRNA) reduced tumor growth in nude mice. Taken together, our results provided new evidence for an oncogenic role of GALNT7 in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hui Nie
- Department of Otolaryngological, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China.
| | - Liang Luo
- Department of Otolaryngological, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong-Fang Duan
- Department of Otolaryngological, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Li
- Department of Otolaryngological, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Mei-Jun Yin
- Department of Otolaryngological, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Department of Otolaryngological, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Biological medicinal products inevitably contain residual DNA from host cells. Therefore, there is a theoretical possibility that cellular DNA in a medicinal product may cause oncogenic or infective events. Over the past decades, quantification of such risk has been the subject of intense scientific and regulatory interest. While several methods have been proposed in the literature, they are primarily concerned with point estimation of the oncogenic and infective risk. In this article, we propose a full Bayesian procedure to assess the safety risk. Safety risk is redefined as the posterior probability for the safety factor to be above an acceptable limit. The formulation of the problem in the Bayesian framework makes it possible to incorporate the uncertainties of key parameters into the safety risk assessment. It also allows for taking full use of prior knowledge of the risk associated with residual DNA and the understanding of DNA removal process. As a result, the method not only provides a more accurate estimation of oncogenicity or infectivity risk but also a probabilistic interpretation of the risk estimation. LAY ABSTRACT Medicines produced from biological sources like cells can contain DNA. It is not clear what health risk the DNA can pose to the product recipients, but often it can be designed to minimize the risk by reducing the levels of DNA during manufacture. This article characterizes residual DNA risk in terms of probability, and a Bayesian approach to assessing the health risk is proposed.
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Sukowati CHC, El-Khobar KE, Ie SI, Anfuso B, Muljono DH, Tiribelli C. Significance of hepatitis virus infection in the oncogenic initiation of hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:1497-1512. [PMID: 26819517 PMCID: PMC4721983 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i4.1497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Chronic infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major risk factor in the development of the HCC, independently from excessive alcohol abuse and metabolic disease. Since the biology of HBV and HCV is different, their oncogenic effect may go through different mechanisms, direct and/or indirect. Viral hepatitis infection is associated with cellular inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage, that may lead to subsequent hepatic injuries such as chronic hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and finally HCC. Direct oncogenic properties of these viruses are related with their genotypic characteristics and the ability of viral proteins to interact with host proteins, thus altering the molecular pathways balance of the cells. In addition, the integration of HBV DNA, especially the gene S and X, in a particular site of the host genome can disrupt chromosomal stability and may activate various oncogenic mechanisms, including those in hematopoietic cells. Recently, several studies also had demonstrated that viral hepatitis could trigger the population of hepatic cancer stem cells. This review summarize available pre-clinical and clinical data in literature regarding oncogenic properties of HBV and HCV in the early initiation of HCC.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/epidemiology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Transformation, Viral
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Genotype
- Hepacivirus/genetics
- Hepacivirus/pathogenicity
- Hepatitis B virus/genetics
- Hepatitis B virus/pathogenicity
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/complications
- Hepatitis B, Chronic/virology
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/complications
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/epidemiology
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/virology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/virology
- Oncogenes
- Risk Factors
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