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Toscano G, Holzinger J, Nagl B, Kontaxis G, Kählig H, Konrat R, Lichtenecker RJ. Decorating phenylalanine side-chains with triple labeled 13C/ 19F/ 2H isotope patterns. J Biomol NMR 2024:10.1007/s10858-024-00440-z. [PMID: 38509441 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-024-00440-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
We present an economic and straightforward method to introduce 13C-19F spin systems into the deuterated aromatic side chains of phenylalanine as reporters for various protein NMR applications. The method is based on the synthesis of [4-13C, 2,3,5,6-2H4] 4-fluorophenylalanine from the commercially available isotope sources [2-13C] acetone and deuterium oxide. This compound is readily metabolized by standard Escherichia coli overexpression in a glyphosate-containing minimal medium, which results in high incorporation rates in the corresponding target proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Toscano
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for High-Content Structural Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 42, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Holzinger
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for High-Content Structural Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin Nagl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Kontaxis
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hanspeter Kählig
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Konrat
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for High-Content Structural Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roman J Lichtenecker
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for High-Content Structural Biology and Biotechnology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
- MAG-LAB, Karl-Farkas-Gasse 22, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
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2
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Matsuyama C, Seike T, Okahashi N, Niide T, Hara KY, Hirono-Hara Y, Ishii J, Shimizu H, Toya Y, Matsuda F. Metabolome analysis of metabolic burden in Escherichia coli caused by overexpression of green fluorescent protein and delta-rhodopsin. J Biosci Bioeng 2024; 137:187-194. [PMID: 38281859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Overexpression of proteins by introducing a DNA vector is among the most important tools for the metabolic engineering of microorganisms such as Escherichia coli. Protein overexpression imposes a burden on metabolism because metabolic pathways must supply building blocks for protein and DNA synthesis. Different E. coli strains have distinct metabolic capacities. In this study, two proteins were overexpressed in four E. coli strains (MG1655(DE3), W3110(DE3), BL21star(DE3), and Rosetta(DE3)), and their effects on metabolic burden were investigated. Metabolomic analysis showed that E. coli strains overexpressing green fluorescent protein had decreased levels of several metabolites, with a positive correlation between the number of reduced metabolites and green fluorescent protein expression levels. Moreover, nucleic acid-related metabolites decreased, indicating a metabolic burden in the E. coli strains, and the growth rate and protein expression levels were improved by supplementation with the five nucleosides. In contrast, two strains overexpressing delta rhodopsin, a microbial membrane rhodopsin from Haloterrigena turkmenica, led to a metabolic burden and decrease in the amino acids Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Thr, Phe, Asp, and Trp, which are the most frequent amino acids in the delta rhodopsin protein sequence. The metabolic burden caused by protein overexpression was influenced by the metabolic capacity of the host strains and the sequences of the overexpressed proteins. Detailed characterization of the effects of protein expression on the metabolic state of engineered cells using metabolomics will provide insights into improving the production of target compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinatsu Matsuyama
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Taisuke Seike
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Okahashi
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Osaka University Shimadzu Omics Innovation Research Laboratories, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Teppei Niide
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Y Hara
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | | | - Jun Ishii
- Engineering Biology Research Center, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimizu
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Toya
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Fumio Matsuda
- Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Osaka University Shimadzu Omics Innovation Research Laboratories, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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3
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Melis A, Hidalgo Martinez DA, Betterle N. Perspectives of cyanobacterial cell factories. Photosynth Res 2023:10.1007/s11120-023-01056-4. [PMID: 37966575 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic photosynthetic microorganisms that can generate, in addition to biomass, useful chemicals and proteins/enzymes, essentially from sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water. Selected aspects of cyanobacterial production (isoprenoids and high-value proteins) and scale-up methods suitable for product generation and downstream processing are addressed in this review. The work focuses on the challenge and promise of specialty chemicals and proteins production, with isoprenoid products and biopharma proteins as study cases, and the challenges encountered in the expression of recombinant proteins/enzymes, which underline the essence of synthetic biology with these microorganisms. Progress and the current state-of-the-art in these targeted topics are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Melis
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, MC-3102, Berkeley, CA, 94720-3102, USA.
| | - Diego Alberto Hidalgo Martinez
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and the Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nico Betterle
- SoLELab, Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134, Verona, Italy
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4
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Tuo D, Yao Y, Yan P, Chen X, Qu F, Xue W, Liu J, Kong H, Guo J, Cui H, Dai Z, Shen W. Development of cassava common mosaic virus-based vector for protein expression and gene editing in cassava. Plant Methods 2023; 19:78. [PMID: 37537660 PMCID: PMC10399001 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01055-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant virus vectors designed for virus-mediated protein overexpression (VOX), virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), and genome editing (VIGE) provide rapid and cost-effective tools for functional genomics studies, biotechnology applications and genome modification in plants. We previously reported that a cassava common mosaic virus (CsCMV, genus Potexvirus)-based VIGS vector was used for rapid gene function analysis in cassava. However, there are no VOX and VIGE vectors available in cassava. RESULTS In this study, we developed an efficient VOX vector (CsCMV2-NC) for cassava by modifying the CsCMV-based VIGS vector. Specifically, the length of the duplicated putative subgenomic promoter (SGP1) of the CsCMV CP gene was increased to improve heterologous protein expression in cassava plants. The modified CsCMV2-NC-based VOX vector was engineered to express genes encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP), bacterial phytoene synthase (crtB), and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam) type III effector XopAO1 for viral infection tracking, carotenoid biofortification and Xam virulence effector identification in cassava. In addition, we used CsCMV2-NC to deliver single guide RNAs (gMePDS1/2) targeting two loci of the cassava phytoene desaturase gene (MePDS) in Cas9-overexpressing transgenic cassava lines. The CsCMV-gMePDS1/2 efficiently induced deletion mutations of the targeted MePDS with the albino phenotypes in systemically infected cassava leaves. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a useful tool for rapid and efficient heterologous protein expression and guide RNA delivery in cassava. This expands the potential applications of CsCMV-based vector in gene function studies, biotechnology research, and precision breeding for cassava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decai Tuo
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Pu Yan
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Xin Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Feihong Qu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Weiqian Xue
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Jinping Liu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Hua Kong
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Jianchun Guo
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Hongguang Cui
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Zhaoji Dai
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Sanya Nanfan Research Institute, Hainan University, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Wentao Shen
- National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crops Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hainan Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sanya Research Institute, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou & Sanya, Hainan, China.
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5
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Zhan D, Zheng N, Zhao B, Cheng F, Tang Q, Liu X, Wang J, Wang Y, Liua H, Li X, Su J, Zhong X, Bu Q, Cheng Y, Wang Y, Qin J. Expanding individualized therapeutic options via genoproteomics. Cancer Lett 2023; 560:216123. [PMID: 36907503 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Clinical next-generation sequencing (NGS)2 tests have enabled treatment recommendations for cancer patients with driver gene mutations. Targeted therapy options for patients without driver gene mutations are currently unavailable. Herein, we performed NGS and proteomics tests on 169 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE)3 samples of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC, 65),4 colorectal cancers (CRC, 61),5 thyroid carcinomas (THCA, 14),6 gastric cancers (GC, 2),7 gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST, 11),8 and malignant melanomas (MM, 6).9 Of the 169 samples, NGS detected 14 actionable mutated genes in 73 samples, providing treatment options for 43% of the patients. Proteomics identified 61 actionable clinical drug targets approved by the FDA or undergoing clinical trials in 122 samples, providing treatment options for 72% of the patients. In vivo experiments demonstrated that the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MEK)10 inhibitor induced the overexpression of MEK1 (Map2k1) to block lung tumor growth in mice. Therefore, protein overexpression is a potentially feasible indicator for guiding targeted therapies. Collectively, our analysis suggests that combining NGS and proteomics (genoproteomics) could expand the targeted treatment options to 85% of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Zhan
- KingMed-Pineal Joint Innovation Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics, Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510009, China; Beijing Pineal Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Nairen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Beibei Zhao
- KingMed-Pineal Joint Innovation Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics, Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510009, China; KingMed College of Laboratory Medical of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- KingMed-Pineal Joint Innovation Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics, Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510009, China; Beijing Pineal Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Qi Tang
- KingMed-Pineal Joint Innovation Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics, Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510009, China; KingMed College of Laboratory Medical of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Xiangqian Liu
- KingMed-Pineal Joint Innovation Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics, Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510009, China; KingMed College of Laboratory Medical of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Juanfei Wang
- KingMed-Pineal Joint Innovation Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics, Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510009, China; KingMed College of Laboratory Medical of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Yushen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Haibo Liua
- KingMed-Pineal Joint Innovation Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics, Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510009, China; Beijing Pineal Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xinliang Li
- KingMed-Pineal Joint Innovation Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics, Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510009, China; Beijing Pineal Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Juming Su
- KingMed-Pineal Joint Innovation Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics, Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510009, China; KingMed College of Laboratory Medical of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Xuejun Zhong
- KingMed-Pineal Joint Innovation Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics, Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510009, China; KingMed College of Laboratory Medical of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Qing Bu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yating Cheng
- KingMed-Pineal Joint Innovation Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics, Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510009, China; KingMed College of Laboratory Medical of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- KingMed-Pineal Joint Innovation Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics, Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510009, China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Jun Qin
- KingMed-Pineal Joint Innovation Laboratory of Clinical Proteomics, Guangzhou KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510009, China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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6
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Xie H, Muenke C, Sommer M, Buschmann S, Michel H. Production of Membrane Proteins in Pseudomonas stutzeri. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2507:91-110. [PMID: 35773579 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2368-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Functional and structural studies on membrane proteins are often hampered by insufficient yields, misfolding and aggregation during the production and purification process. Escherichia coli is the most commonly used expression host for the production of recombinant prokaryotic integral membrane proteins. However, in many cases expression hosts other than E. coli are more appropriate for certain target proteins. Here, we report a convenient, systematically developed expression system using the γ-proteobacterium Pseudomonas stutzeri as an alternative production host for over-expression of integral membrane proteins. P. stutzeri can be easily and inexpensively cultured in large quantities. The Pseudomonas expression vectors are designed for inducible expression of affinity-tagged fusion proteins controlled by the PBAD promoter. This chapter provides detailed protocols of the different steps required to successfully produce and isolate recombinant membrane proteins with high yields in P. stutzeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xie
- Department of Molecular Membrane Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Cornelia Muenke
- Department of Molecular Membrane Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Manuel Sommer
- Department of Molecular Membrane Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sabine Buschmann
- Department of Molecular Membrane Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hartmut Michel
- Department of Molecular Membrane Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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7
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Lai SM, Thirugnanasambantham P, Sidharthan V, Norris AS, Law JD, Gopalan V, Wysocki VH. Use of tandem affinity-buffer exchange chromatography online with native mass spectrometry for optimizing overexpression and purification of recombinant proteins. Methods Enzymol 2021; 659:37-70. [PMID: 34752295 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purification of recombinant proteins typically entails overexpression in heterologous systems and subsequent chromatography-based isolation. While denaturing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is routinely used to screen a variety of overexpression conditions (e.g., host, medium, inducer concentration, post-induction temperature and/or incubation time) and to assess the purity of the final product, its limitations, including aberrant protein migration due to compositional eccentricities or incomplete denaturation, often preclude firm conclusions regarding the extent of overexpression and/or purification. Therefore, we recently reported an automated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based strategy that couples immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC) with size exclusion-based online buffer exchange (OBE) and native mass spectrometry (nMS) to directly analyze cell lysates for the presence of target proteins. IMAC-OBE-nMS can be used to assess whether target proteins (1) are overexpressed in soluble form, (2) bind and elute from an IMAC resin, (3) oligomerize, and (4) have the expected mass. Here, we use four poly-His-tagged proteins to demonstrate the potential of IMAC-OBE-nMS for expedient optimization of overexpression and purification conditions for recombinant protein production.
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8
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Abstract
Understanding why proteins are overexpressed in cancer is of great interest, as it holds the potential for improved cancer diagnosis and treatment. A noteworthy candidate, p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4), is frequently overexpressed in cancer and a key player in multiple hallmarks of cancer. Here we review findings backing PAK4 overexpression in cancer and motivate PAK4 as a suitable target for the development of cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia D F Costa
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
| | - Staffan Strömblad
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
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9
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Galluccio M, Indiveri C. Heterologous Overexpression of Human FAD Synthase Isoforms 1 and 2. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2280:55-67. [PMID: 33751429 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1286-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The study of human FAD synthase enzymes requires a recombinant strategy to produce large amount of purified proteins in a soluble form. E. coli was exploited to this aim. To achieve the production of FAD synthase in a large scale, E. coli strains, plasmids (promoter, tags), growth temperature, inducer concentration, medium composition, and osmotic pressure were optimized. To date there is no universal protocol for protein expression, but for each protein a specific combination of "expression parameters" can be selected in order to maximize the results. An experimental protocol for the expression of two isoforms of the human FAD synthase was set up. The final procedures are based on the use of E. coli Rosetta(DE3) strain. Two different plasmids were used to obtain optimal amount of the two protein isoforms. In both cases, following the addition of the IPTG inducer, the growth temperature was lowered to increase the solubility of the recombinant protein. The detailed procedures for FAD synthase isoform 1 and isoform 2 overproduction are described in this protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Galluccio
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - Cesare Indiveri
- Department DiBEST (Biologia, Ecologia, Scienze della Terra) Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy.
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10
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Bu G, Parrish S, Gleason PR, Nielsen DR, Nannenga BL. Heterologous expression and purification of the bicarbonate transporter BicA from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 175:105716. [PMID: 32738437 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The high-flux/low-affinity cyanobacterial bicarbonate transporter BicA is a member of sulfate permease/solute carrier 26 (SulP/SLC26) family and plays a major role in cyanobacterial inorganic carbon uptake. In order to study this important membrane protein, robust platforms for over-expression and protocols for purification are required. In this work we have optimized the expression and purification of BicA from strain Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (BicA6803) in Escherichia coli. It was determined that expression with C43 (DE3) Rosetta2 at 37 °C produced the highest levels of over-expressed BicA6803 relative to other strains screened, and membrane solubilization with n-dodecyl-β-d-maltopyranoside facilitated the purification of high levels of stable and homogenous BicA6803. Using these expression and purification strategies, the final yields of purified BicA were 6.5 ± 1.0 mg per liter of culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhong Bu
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA; Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Sydney Parrish
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Patrick R Gleason
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA; Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85278, USA
| | - David R Nielsen
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
| | - Brent L Nannenga
- Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA; Center for Applied Structural Discovery, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.
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11
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Zhao J, Du Z, Wang C, Mills KV. Methods to Study the Structure and Catalytic Activity of cis-Splicing Inteins. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2133:55-73. [PMID: 32144663 PMCID: PMC7325523 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0434-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The autocatalytic process of protein splicing is facilitated by an intein, which interrupts flanking polypeptides called exteins. The mechanism of protein splicing has been studied by overexpression in E. coli of intein fusion proteins with nonnative exteins. Inteins can be used to generate reactive α-thioesters, as well as proteins with N-terminal Cys residues, to facilitate expressed protein ligation. As such, a more detailed understanding of the function of inteins can have significant impact for biotechnology applications. Here, we provide biochemical methods to study splicing activity and NMR methods to study intein structure and the catalytic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Zhenming Du
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Chunyu Wang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth V Mills
- Department of Chemistry, College of the Holy Cross, Worcester, MA, USA.
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Nitta H, Kelly B. Chromogenic Tissue-Based Methods for Detection of Gene Amplifications (or Rearrangements) Combined with Protein Overexpression in Clinical Samples. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1953:301-14. [PMID: 30912030 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9145-7_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a well-established, tissue-based assay for the visualization of target proteins. For analysis of DNA targets, chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) applications have significant advantages over traditional fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). CISH slides can be analyzed using a regular light microscope, while FISH slides require the use of a specialized fluorescence microscope in a dark room. CISH slides allow observers to correlate the gene status (gene amplifications, gene rearrangements, and gene deletions) in the context of tissue morphology better than FISH slides. Recently, a combination of IHC and CISH assays (gene-protein assay, GPA) was developed to study the relationship between gene status and protein expression on the same tissue section. CISH and GPA applications can be optimized using an automated tissue slide processing system to generate reproducible results for a long and complex assay protocol. GPA applications are an ideal approach for tumor status and heterogeneity analyses for research and clinical investigations.
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Krela R, Poreba E, Weglewska M, Skrzypczak T, Lesniewicz K. A novel method for cloning of coding sequences of highly toxic proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:521-7. [PMID: 30578833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During standard gene cloning, the recombinant protein appearing in bacteria as the result of expression leakage very often inhibits cell proliferation leading to blocking of the cloning procedure. Although different approaches can reduce transgene basal expression, the recombinant proteins, which even in trace amounts inhibit bacterial growth, can completely prevent the cloning process. METHODS Working to solve the problem of DNase II-like cDNA cloning, we developed a novel cloning approach. The method is based on separate cloning of the 5' and 3' fragments of target cDNA into a vector in such a way that the short Multiple Cloning Site insertion remaining between both fragments changes the reading frame and prevents translation of mRNA arising as a result of promoter leakage. Subsequently, to get the vector with full, uninterrupted Open Reading Frame, the Multiple Cloning Site insertion is removed by in vitro restriction/ligation reactions, utilizing the unique restriction site present in native cDNA. RESULTS Using this designed method, we cloned a coding sequence of AcDNase II that is extremely toxic for bacteria cells. Then, we demonstrated the usefulness of the construct prepared in this way for overexpression of AcDNase II in eukaryotic cells. CONCLUSIONS The designed method allows cloning of toxic protein coding sequences that cannot be cloned by standard methods. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Cloning of cDNAs encoding toxic proteins is still a troublesome problem that hinders the progress of numerous studies. The method described here is a convenient solution to cloning problems that are common in research on toxic proteins.
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Schörghuber J, Geist L, Platzer G, Feichtinger M, Bisaccia M, Scheibelberger L, Weber F, Konrat R, Lichtenecker RJ. Late metabolic precursors for selective aromatic residue labeling. J Biomol NMR 2018; 71:129-140. [PMID: 29808436 PMCID: PMC6096522 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-018-0188-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, we developed a toolbox of heavy isotope containing compounds, which serve as metabolic amino acid precursors in the E. coli-based overexpression of aromatic residue labeled proteins. Our labeling techniques show excellent results both in terms of selectivity and isotope incorporation levels. They are additionally distinguished by low sample production costs and meet the economic demands to further implement protein NMR spectroscopy as a routinely used method in drug development processes. Different isotopologues allow for the assembly of optimized protein samples, which fulfill the requirements of various NMR experiments to elucidate protein structures, analyze conformational dynamics, or probe interaction surfaces. In the present article, we want to summarize the precursors we developed so far and give examples of their special value in the probing of protein-ligand interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schörghuber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonhard Geist
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for High-Content Structural Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr-Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Platzer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for High-Content Structural Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr-Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Feichtinger
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for High-Content Structural Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr-Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marilena Bisaccia
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Scheibelberger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frederik Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Konrat
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for High-Content Structural Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr-Bohr-Gasse 9, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roman J Lichtenecker
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Coyne J, Davis B, Kauffman D, Zhao N, Wang Y. Polymer Microneedle Mediated Local Aptamer Delivery for Blocking the Function of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:3395-3403. [PMID: 29707631 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of proteins in the body can cause severe diseases and other physiological disturbances. The development of protein blockers and local delivery systems would offer opportunities for addressing the health problems caused by protein overexpression. Nucleic acid aptamers are an emerging class of ligands with the potential to block proteins effectively; however, little effort has been made in developing polymer systems for local aptamer delivery. In this work, polymer microneedles capable of delivering DNA aptamers locally to inhibit the function of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were developed and studied. The presence of anti-VEGF aptamer in the polymer matrix did not change the apparent mechanical strength of the microneedles. Once in contact with a physiological solution, the polymer microneedles quickly dissolved, generating a high concentration of anti-VEGF aptamer in the surrounding local microenvironment. Aptamer delivery by way of dissolving polymer microneedles in a tissue phantom reduced VEGF-mediated endothelial cell tube formation. Thus, aptamer-loaded polymer microneedles hold great potential as a therapeutic tool for the treatment of human diseases resulting from protein overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Coyne
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Brandon Davis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - David Kauffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Nan Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
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Phan DAT, Nguyen VT, Hua TNH, Ngo QD, Doan TPT, Nguyen ST, Thai AT, Nguyen VT. HER2 Status and Its Heterogeneity in Gastric Carcinoma of Vietnamese Patient. J Pathol Transl Med 2017. [PMID: 28625044 PMCID: PMC5525041 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2017.04.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is related to the pathogenesis and poor outcome of numerous types of carcinomas, including gastric carcinoma. Gastric cancer patients with HER2 positivity have become potential candidates for targeted therapy with trastuzumab. Methods We investigated 208 gastric cancer specimens using immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization and dual in situ hybridization (ISH). We also investigated the concordance between IHC and ISH. The correlation between HER2 status and various clinicopathological findings was also investigated. Results In total, 15.9% (33/208) and 24.5% (51/208) of gastric cancers showed HER2 gene amplification and protein overexpression, respectively. A high level of concordance between ISH and IHC analyses (91.3%, κ = 0.76) was found. A significant correlation between HER2 status and intestinal-type (p < .05) and differentiated carcinomas (p < .05) was also noted. The HER2 heterogeneity was high in gastric cancers; we found 68.8% phenotypic heterogeneity and 57.6% genotypic heterogeneity. Heterogeneity in HER2 protein expression and gene amplification showed a close association with diffuse histologic type and IHC 2+. Conclusions HER2 protein overexpression and gene amplification were detected in 24.5% and 15.9% of gastric cancer specimens, respectively. Intestinal-type showed a higher level of HER2 protein overexpression and gene amplification than diffuse type. HER2 status also showed a significant relationship with well- and moderately-differentiated carcinomas. The ratio of phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity of HER2 was high in gastric carcinomas and was associated with HER2 IHC 2+ and diffuse histologic type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang Anh Thu Phan
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vu Thien Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thi Ngoc Ha Hua
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Quoc Dat Ngo
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thi Phuong Thao Doan
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Sao Trung Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Anh Tu Thai
- Department of Pathology, Ho Chi Minh City Oncology Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Van Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, Ho Chi Minh City Oncology Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Te Brake LHM, Russel FGM, van den Heuvel JJMW, de Knegt GJ, de Steenwinkel JE, Burger DM, Aarnoutse RE, Koenderink JB. Inhibitory potential of tuberculosis drugs on ATP-binding cassette drug transporters. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2015; 96:150-7. [PMID: 26682943 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple-drug therapy for tuberculosis (TB) and TB-associated co-morbidity increase the likelihood of drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Inhibition of membrane transporters is an important mechanism underlying DDIs. In this study, we assessed the in vitro inhibitory potential of currently used first and second-line TB drugs and of proposed mycobacterial efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) on the major ABC transporters relevant to drug transport, namely P-gp, BCRP, BSEP and MRP1-5. METHODS Membrane vesicles isolated from transporter-overexpressing HEK293 cells were used to study the inhibitory action of TB drugs and EPIs on the transport of model substrates [(3)H]-NMQ (P-gp); [(3)H]-E1S (BCRP); [(3)H]-TCA (BSEP); [(3)H]-E217βG (MRP1, 3 and 4) and [(3)H]-MTX (MRP2 and 5). RESULTS A strong inhibition (IC50 value <15 μM) was observed for clofazimine (P-gp, BCRP and MRP1), thioridazine (BCRP), timcodar (P-gp, BSEP and MRP1) and SQ109 (P-gp and BCRP). Rifampicin inhibited all transporters, but less potently. CONCLUSIONS Co-administration of clofazimine, thioridazine, timcodar, SQ109 and possibly rifampicin with drugs that are substrates for the inhibited transporters may lead to DDIs. The mycobacterial EPIs potently inhibited a wider range of human ABC transporters than previously reported. These vesicular transport data are especially valuable considering the current emphasis on development of TB drug regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey H M Te Brake
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525 GA, Internal Postal Code 149, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Internal Postal Code 864, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Frans G M Russel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525 GA, Internal Postal Code 149, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen J M W van den Heuvel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525 GA, Internal Postal Code 149, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Gerjo J de Knegt
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Jurriaan E de Steenwinkel
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - David M Burger
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Internal Postal Code 864, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Rob E Aarnoutse
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 10, 6525 GA, Internal Postal Code 864, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Jan B Koenderink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 26, 6525 GA, Internal Postal Code 149, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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