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Rencz F, Janssen MF. Time perspective profile and self-reported health on the EQ-5D. Qual Life Res 2024; 33:73-85. [PMID: 37682495 PMCID: PMC10784346 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-023-03509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Time perspective (TP) is a psychological construct that is associated with several health-related behaviours, including healthy eating, smoking and adherence to medications. In this study, we aimed to examine the associations of TP profile with self-reported health on the EQ-5D-5L and to detect which domains display response heterogeneity (cut-point shift) for TP. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of EQ-5D-5L data from a representative general population sample in Hungary (n = 996). The 17-item Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory was used to measure individuals' TP on five subscales: past-negative, past-positive, present-fatalist, present-hedonist and future. The associations between TP subscales and EQ-5D-5L domain scores, EQ VAS and EQ-5D-5L index values were analysed by using partial proportional odds models and multivariate linear regressions. RESULTS Respondents that scored higher on the past-negative and present-fatalist and lower on the present-hedonist and future subscales were more likely to report more health problems in at least one EQ-5D-5L domain (p < 0.05). Adjusting for socio-economic and health status, three EQ-5D-5L domains exhibited significant associations with various TP subscales (usual activities: present-fatalist and future, pain/discomfort: past-negative and future, anxiety/depression: past-negative, present-fatalist, present-hedonist and future). The anxiety/depression domain showed evidence of cut-point shift. CONCLUSIONS This study identified response heterogeneity stemming from psychological characteristics in self-reported health on the EQ-5D-5L. TP seems to play a double role in self-reported health, firstly as affecting underlying health and secondly as a factor influencing one's response behavior. These findings increase our understanding of the non-health-related factors that affect self-reported health on standardized health status measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanni Rencz
- Department of Health Policy, Corvinus University of Budapest, 8 Fővám tér, Budapest, 1093, Hungary.
| | - Mathieu F Janssen
- Section Medical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Qiu-Qiang Z, Bo-Lin L, Wei-Wei Y, Yu Z, Qi-Zhe Z. Analysis of initial sandplay characteristics among university students with different levels of loneliness. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:930. [PMID: 38082408 PMCID: PMC10712052 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05443-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Loneliness is detrimental to mental health, with university students at higher risk of feeling lonely than other population groups. The mental health of college students is a hot topic at present. Despite numerous studies exploring interventions for loneliness among university students. However, little research has explored early psychological manifestations of university students with different levels of loneliness. Despite numerous studies exploring interventions for loneliness among university students, little research has explored early psychological manifestations of university students with different levels of loneliness. Initial sandplay is a good tool to reveal psychological activity. Therefore, our study aims to explore the characteristics of initial sandplay application among university students with different levels of loneliness. METHODS We recruited 60 volunteers from a university to perform a sandplay experiment from January to April 2021. The UCLA Loneliness Scale measured the levels of loneliness. These 60 participants were divided into the experimental group (n = 30) and control group (n = 30) according to their levels of loneliness. The experimental group included participants with a scale score of more than 44. Other participants with a scale score of less than 44 belong to the control group. We recorded their sandplay artwork and statistically analyzed it by the Sandplay Process Record Form. Group comparisons were performed using the t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables, and the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. The logistic regression analysis by forward stepwise method was conducted to analyze the sandplay theme features for loneliness. RESULTS Regarding the sandplay tools, the experimental group used fewer transportation tools (t=-3.608, p < 0.01) and more natural elements (t = 2.176, p < 0.05) than the control group. Moreover, the experimental group created more natural scenes (χ2 = 4.310, p < 0.05) and used less of the lower left (χ2 = 4.593, p < 0.05) and lower right (χ2 = 5.934, p < 0.05) spaces. With regards to sand changes, the experimental group was less likely than the control group to make substantial changes (χ2 = 5.711, p < 0.05) and more likely to make almost no changes (χ2 = 4.022, p < 0.05). In terms of the themes, the experimental group was more likely to exhibit sandplay artwork themes of emptiness (χ2 = 8.864, p < 0.05) and neglect (χ2 = 6.667, p < 0.05), and less likely to show themes of energy (χ2 = 5.079, p < 0.05). In the logistic regression analysis of the sandplay themes, emptiness (OR = 5.714, 95%CI: 1.724-18.944, p = 0.003) and neglect (OR = 7.000, 95%CI: 1.381-35.479, p = 0.010) were demonstrated a nominal association with high levels of loneliness among both groups (F = 16.091, p < 0.01, ΔR2 = 0.193), but failed to pass the Bonferroni testing correction (p threshold < 0.0025). CONCLUSION University students with higher degree of loneliness do not like to drastic changes and prefer to use natural elements in element selection, while the control group likes to drastic changes and prefers to use transportation tools in element selection. Regression analysis of sandplay theme features revealed emptines and neglect may as significant associated factors for loneliness. We propose sandplay characteristics can help identify university students with different levels of loneliness during psychological evaluations. Therefore, it is important that the school and healthcare systems assist college students in identifying the loneliness through initial sandplay and carrying on the necessary psychological counseling to the lonely student population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Qiu-Qiang
- School of Education Science, Huizhou University, Huizhou, China.
- Institute of Analytical Psychology, City University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China.
| | - Li Bo-Lin
- School of Education, Beijing Normal University Zhuhai, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yang Wei-Wei
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Beijing Normal University Zhuhai, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhu Yu
- School of Education, Beijing Normal University Zhuhai, Zhuhai, China
| | - Zhang Qi-Zhe
- Institute of Analytical Psychology, City University of Macau, Macao, Macao SAR, China
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Huizhou University, Huizhou, China
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Laureys F, Deconinck FJA, Lenoir M, Collins D. Teamwork makes the dream work: Testing for shared perceptions on psycho-behavioural skills between athletes, coaches and parents. Psychol Sport Exerc 2023; 68:102473. [PMID: 37665913 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Psycho-behavioural skills play a key role in optimising progression through talent development, and this study investigated to what extent athlete's self-perceptions align with those of their coaches and parents. Firstly, we examined if levels of alignment between these three raters differ across age of the athlete. To this end, 122 athletes between 9 and 18 years old (12.17 ± 2.41 years old; 47 gymnasts, 13 cyclists and 62 badminton players) completed a psycho-behavioural questionnaire. The ANOVA's indicated low levels of correspondence between the ratings of the athlete, the coach and the parents during childhood, while better levels of shared perceptions were found in adolescence. Secondly, we investigated to what extent coaches and parents believed their own perception of the athlete's and the perception of the athlete's psycho-behavioural skills were accurate. Parents appeared to be more confident in accurately perceiving the psycho-behavioural skills of the athlete than coaches. Parents and coaches also believed that older athletes would be more honest on their psycho-behavioural shortcomings than younger athletes. Altogether, these findings highlight that athletes and other stakeholders in the talent development environment should strive for better alignment in perceptions on psycho-behavioural skills during the talent development pathway. With better integrated perceptions, a more functional and efficient talent development system for the athlete targeting the psycho-behavioural skills can be created.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felien Laureys
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | | | - Matthieu Lenoir
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Dave Collins
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, UK
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Muca E, Molino M, Ghislieri C, Baratta M, Odore R, Bergero D, Valle E. Relationships between psychological characteristics, academic fit and engagement with academic performance in veterinary medical students. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:132. [PMID: 37620884 PMCID: PMC10463963 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recognition of the factors that influence academic performance in university students constitutes one of the key objectives of education researchers. Few studies have been conducted in this sphere in relation to veterinary students; however, considering the high levels of depression, anxiety symptoms, and decreased life satisfaction revealed in recent literature for this demographic, understanding these factors is of great importance. Moreover, the literature on veterinary education has mostly focused on cognitive factors as antecedents to academic performance, while very little attention has been directed toward personal characteristics. METHODS The present cross-sectional study aims to investigate the relationships between psychological characteristics (internal locus of control and self-efficacy), academic fit, well-being (engagement and exhaustion), and academic performance (average grade) among veterinary students. The study was conducted in the Department of Veterinary Sciences at the University of Turin between September 2021 and January 2022 involving 231 students. RESULTS The results of the Structural Equation Model confirmed a positive relationship between both internal locus of control and self-efficacy and academic fit, which in turn showed a positive relationship with engagement and a negative relationship with exhaustion. Finally, a significant positive relationship between engagement and academic performance was highlighted. Indirect effects were also significant, confirming the mediating role of academic fit and engagement. CONCLUSIONS The study contributes to the literature by demonstrating the direct and indirect relationships among the variables selected in a sample group of veterinary students. These findings provide information for practical interventions that could support the academic experience and prospects of veterinary students by improving their psychological parameters and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edlira Muca
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy.
| | - Monica Molino
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, 10124, Italy
| | - Chiara Ghislieri
- Department of Psychology, University of Turin, Turin, 10124, Italy
| | - Mario Baratta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, 43100, Italy
| | - Rosangela Odore
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy
| | - Domenico Bergero
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy
| | - Emanuela Valle
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy
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Fortin-Guichard D, Tétreault É, Paquet D, Mann DL, Grondin S. Identification of "sleeping" talent using psychological characteristics in junior elite ice-hockey players. J Sports Sci 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37384832 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2230709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Scouts search for "sleepers" who may be initially overlooked but ultimately exceed expectations. The psychological characteristics of those players are often neglected because they are difficult to observe, but hold promise to identify sleepers given for example the self-regulation and perceptual-cognitive skills that those developing players might need to flourish. The aim of this study was to examine whether sleepers could be retrospectively identified using psychological characteristics. Ninety-five junior elite ice-hockey players (aged 15-16) were assessed on self-regulation and perceptual-cognitive skills before the yearly draft. Seventy players were drafted after the second round (37th or later). Three years later, professional scouts identified 15/70 sleepers they would now pick if given the chance. Those identified by the scouts showed higher self-regulation planning, and had distinguishable gaze behaviour (fewer fixations on more AOIs) when performing a video-based decision-making task than other late-drafted players (84.3% correct classification; R2 = .40). In addition, two latent profiles differentiated by self-regulation were found, with the profile with higher scores including 14/15 players selected by the scouts. Psychological characteristics were successful in retrospectively predicting sleepers, and may in future help scouts to make better selections of talent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fortin-Guichard
- School of Psychology, Université Laval. 2325 Allée des Bibliothèques, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Émie Tétreault
- School of Psychology, Université Laval. 2325 Allée des Bibliothèques, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - David Paquet
- School of Psychology, Université Laval. 2325 Allée des Bibliothèques, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - David L Mann
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simon Grondin
- School of Psychology, Université Laval. 2325 Allée des Bibliothèques, Québec, QC, Canada
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Whitfield H, Hargreaves D, Nicholls D, Watt HC, Creese H. Risk factors of persistent adolescent thinness: findings from the UK Millennium Cohort Study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:938. [PMID: 37226159 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15850-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thinness during adolescence can increase the risk of adverse health outcomes across the life-course and impede development. There is limited research examining the prevalence and determinants of persistent adolescent thinness in the United Kingdom (UK). We used longitudinal cohort data to investigate determinants of persistent adolescent thinness. METHODS We analyzed data from 7,740 participants in the UK Millennium Cohort Study at ages 9 months, 7, 11, 14 and 17 years. Persistent thinness was defined as thinness at ages 11, 14 and 17; thinness was defined as an age- and sex-adjusted Body Mass Index (BMI) of less than 18.5 kg/m2. In total, 4,036 participants, classified either as persistently thin or at a persistent healthy weight, were included in the analyses. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine associations between 16 risk factors and persistent adolescent thinness by sex. RESULTS The prevalence of persistent thinness among adolescents was 3.1% (n = 231). Among males (n = 115), persistent adolescent thinness was significantly associated with non-white ethnicity, low parental BMI, low birthweight, low breastfeeding duration, unintended pregnancy, and low maternal education. Among females (n = 116), persistent adolescent thinness was significantly associated with non-white ethnicity, low birthweight, low self-esteem, and low physical activity. However, after adjusting for all risk factors, only low maternal BMI (OR: 3.44; 95% CI:1.13, 10.5), low paternal BMI (OR: 22.2; 95% CI: 2.35, 209.6), unintended pregnancy (OR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.11, 5.57) and low self-esteem (OR: 6.57; 95% CI: 1.46,29.7) remained significantly associated with persistent adolescent thinness among males. After adjustment for all risk factors, not reaching the recommended physical activity levels (OR: 4.22; 95% CI: 1.82, 9.75) remained significantly associated with persistent adolescent thinness among females. No appreciable associations were found between persistent adolescent thinness and sex, premature birth, smoking during pregnancy, income, maternal postnatal depression, mother-infant attachment or socio-emotional difficulties (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Persistent adolescent thinness is not rare and appears to be associated with both physical and mental health factors, with some sex specific differences. Healthy weight initiatives should consider the full weight spectrum. Further research is required to understand thinness at a population level, including among those whose BMI changes during child and adolescent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Whitfield
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - D Hargreaves
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - D Nicholls
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - H C Watt
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - H Creese
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Laureys F, Collins D, Deconinck FJA, Vansteenkiste P, Lenoir M. A one-year follow-up of the cognitive and psycho-behavioural skills in artistic gymnastics. Psychol Sport Exerc 2023; 66:102375. [PMID: 37665847 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
A good set of cognitive and psycho-behavioural skills are beneficial for young athletes to overcome and benefit from developmental challenges. Unfortunately, there is still a dearth of knowledge on how both these cognitive (i.e., executive functions; EF) and psycho-behavioural (i.e., psychological characteristics of developing excellence; PCDE) skills develop in youth athletes. Especially for athletes in early specialisation sports such as artistic gymnastics, the early EF and PCDE development might be important to be able to cope with the pressure and challenges that comes with a transition to the next stage. In the current study, artistic gymnasts between 9 and 22 years old were tested twice with a 12-month interval to investigate the changes in EF and PCDE. Results showed that EF developed within the youngest stage, but plateaued at the later stages. Most PCDE did not seem to change over time within each stage. Furthermore, the transition to a new stage does not seem to coincide with an increased improvement of PCDE. However, with a case study approach in the oldest stages, still inter-individual differences in EF and PCDE scores over time were observed. This study shows that EF and PCDE develop over time, albeit in a non-linear way, and along a variety of developmental trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felien Laureys
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | - Dave Collins
- Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | | | | | - Matthieu Lenoir
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium
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Badarnee M, Weiss B, Shouval D, Kreitler S. Motivational disposition towards psychological characteristics of israeli children with inflammatory bowel diseases: A case-control study. J Pediatr Nurs 2022; 62:e131-e138. [PMID: 34465507 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological stress is a general and non-specific factor associated with many health conditions, including Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD). It is related not only to external stressors but also to internal characteristics which enhance patients' vulnerability to stress. PURPOSE To identify specific psychological characteristics of pediatric IBD related to stress. DESIGN AND METHODS A case-control-cohort study that compared the psychological characteristics of 49 patients and 56 comparisons. The psychological characteristics were defined by four belief types - beliefs about self, general beliefs, beliefs about norms, and goals - which refer to a set of specific themes. RESULTS The belief types differentiated between the two groups, and the patients were characterized by six themes: like routines, strive to get others' love, caring about the body and the health, doing things only at their own pace, expressing negative emotion without regulations, and feeling over-identification with others. Patients' likelihood of being characterized by the themes is 2.18 to 2.90 times higher than the comparisons. CONCLUSION Children with IBD are characterized by a set of specific psychological characteristics. These characteristics were discussed mainly concerning generating chronic stress (e.g., over-identification with others) and interpersonal conflicts (e.g., doing things only at their own pace) among the patients. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE It is suggested to healthcare workers to be aware of the specific psychological characteristics of children with IBD, and sensitive to these characteristics during interactions with them. Besides, the characteristics may pave the way for developing a targeted psychological intervention that corresponds specifically to the patients' needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Badarnee
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; The Psycho-Oncology Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Israel; The Latif Mental Health Clinics in Umm Al-Fahim and Shefa-Amr, Israel.
| | - Batia Weiss
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Israel.
| | - Dror Shouval
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Israel.
| | - Shulamith Kreitler
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; The Psycho-Oncology Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Israel.
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Yanagihara K, Kinugasa Y, Kunimi T, Kaneko S, Haruki N, Nakamura K, Kamitani H, Hirai M, Kato M, Yamamoto K. Child ego state and self-care behavior change in heart failure patients. J Cardiol 2021; 78:294-300. [PMID: 34090754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The psychological characteristics of ego functions interfere with self-care behavior in several diseases. However, the effect of ego functions on self-care behavior after education in heart failure (HF) remains unclear. METHODS Seventy-one HF patients were enrolled. Patients' scores on the Japanese version of the European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale (EHFScBS) were measured before and after the HF intervention, and the rate of change was used as an indicator of educational effectiveness. The Tokyo University Egogram New Ver. II was used to assess five types of ego state functions: Critical parent, Nurturing parent, Adult, Free Child, and Adapted Child (AC). RESULTS A comparison of the five ego states showed that AC scores were significantly lower than those of the other ego states (p < 0.01). Total EHFScBS scores significantly decreased from 33 (26-39) to 16 (14-20) (p < 0.01) after the HF education, and the median rates of change in EHFScBS was -46.2%. Patients with a lower rate of change in EHFScBS were more likely to have low AC scores, as characterized by a lack of compliance and coordination, and were less likely to receive higher education (all p < 0.05). Even after adjustment for covariates, low AC scores were independently associated with low rate of change in EHFScBS (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Educational behavior change for self-care is less effective in HF patients with an ego state with low AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotaka Yanagihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan.
| | - Yoshiharu Kinugasa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Kunimi
- Division of Nursing, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago, Japan
| | - Syuhei Kaneko
- Faculty of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Haruki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Kensuke Nakamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kamitani
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Masayuki Hirai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
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Huang J, Cai Y, Su Y, Zhang M, Shi Y, Zhu N, Jin F, Peng D, Fang Y. Gastrointestinal Symptoms During Depressive Episodes in 3256 Patients with Major Depressive Disorders: Findings from the NSSD. J Affect Disord 2021; 286:27-32. [PMID: 33667753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known how often depressive episodes are accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms in major depressive disorders (MDD). The authors sought to determine the frequency and clinical correlates of gastrointestinal symptoms during episodes of depressive disorder. METHODS 3,256 MDD patients from the National Survey on Symptomatology of Depression (NSSD), which was designed to investigate the magnitude of symptoms of current major depressive episodes in China, were enrolled and assessed for gastrointestinal symptoms in this study. Illness characteristics were compared in patients with a different frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were employed to investigate the associations between gastrointestinal symptoms and psychological characteristics in the patients. RESULTS More than 70% of the subjects with depressive episodes had concomitant gastrointestinal symptoms. A higher frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms was associated with an increased risk of suicide ideation, suicide attempts, anxious mood, depressed mood, insomnia, feeling a failure, poor concentration, body pain, hopelessness, anger, and irritability. Pearson correlation analysis indicated moderate but significant associations between gastrointestinal symptoms and psychological characteristics (p<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that suicide ideation (β=0.161, p<0.001), anxiety mood (β=0.166, p = 0.006), insomnia (β =0.262, p<0.001), anger (β=0.144, p<0.001), feeling a failure (β =0.365, p<0.001), and body pain (β=0.581 p<0.001) were independently associated with gastrointestinal symptoms in MDD patients. CONCLUSION Gastrointestinal symptoms were one of the most prevalent clinical presentations of MDD. The associations between gastrointestinal symptoms and psychological characteristics may prove useful in expanding our understanding of how gastrointestinal symptoms contributes to MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Huang
- Division of Mood Disorder, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yiyun Cai
- Division of Mood Disorder, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China; Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yousong Su
- Division of Mood Disorder, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Division of Mood Disorder, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yifan Shi
- Division of Mood Disorder, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Na Zhu
- Division of Mood Disorder, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China; Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200122, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Division of Mood Disorder, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Daihui Peng
- Division of Mood Disorder, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Yiru Fang
- Division of Mood Disorder, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China; Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Liu J, Gao L. Analysis of topics and characteristics of user reviews on different online psychological counseling methods. Int J Med Inform 2020; 147:104367. [PMID: 33401170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2020.104367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological support is available more widely supported by emerging technologies as an addition to face-to-face consultations, more and more people are accessing psychological support using online resources. OBJECTIVE This research provides insights into the perception of the key factors that affect the effectiveness of different online psychological counseling methods through the user reviews of four online psychological counseling modes and the tendency to choose the different counseling methods for users with different psychological problems. METHODS Using topic modeling analysis, Gooseeker content analysis, and the TextMind Chinese psychological analysis system, we analyzed 163,377 online reviews from 2,375 psychological consultants extracted from a leading online psychological consultation platform in China. RESULTS (1) Telephone counseling gains the most preferences among users. Text counseling has strong privacy protection. Video and face-to-face consultations are more authentic and comprehensive. (2) Parent-child education consultation users are more likely to choose face-to-face consultation, patients with common mental illnesses are more inclined to choose online counseling methods than offline consultation, career planning consultation clients prefer video consultation, and text counseling is more consistent with the periodical characteristics of relationship counseling. CONCLUSION The research examined user reviews and used content analysis to understand patients' views on the effectiveness of online counseling methods, which supplement the current research gap through innovation in research methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfang Liu
- School of Management, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Lu Gao
- School of Management, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 201800, China.
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Lee YJ, Keum MS, Kim HG, Cheon EJ, Cho YC, Koo BH. Defense Mechanisms and Psychological Characteristics According to Suicide Attempts in Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2020; 17:840-849. [PMID: 32791818 PMCID: PMC7449843 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There have been many biological studies on suicide behaviors of borderline personality disorder (BPD), however few studies have sought to psychoanalytic characteristics including defense mechanisms. Therefore, we investigated psychological, symptomatic, and personality characteristics including defense mechanisms in suicide attempters and non-suicide attempters among patients with BPD. METHODS We enrolled 125 patients with BPD. Forty-two patients with a history of one or more suicide attempts formed the suicide attempters group and 83 patients with no such history formed the non-suicide attempters group. We collated the differences in clinical and psychological characteristics between the two groups by using the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2), the Personality Disorder Questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4+), and the Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ). RESULTS The suicide attempters group scored higher on the hostility subscale of SCL-90-R. The suicide attempters group also scored higher on the Infrequency, Back Infrequency, Lie, Masculinity-femininity, Paranoia, Psychasthenia, and Schizophrenia scales of the MMPI-2. The incidence of paranoid and antisocial personality disorders, as assessed by the PDQ-4+, was significantly different in both groups. Maladaptive, self-sacrificing defense style, splitting and affiliation on the DSQ were also higher for the suicide attempters group. In the results of the logistic regression analysis, gender, the F(B) and L scales on the MMPI-2, and 'splitting of other's image' defense mechanism on the DSQ were the factors that significantly influenced to suicide attempts. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that impulsive psychiatric features and maladaptive defense style may be related to suicidal risk in patients with BPD. Therefore, our findings may help clinicians in estimating the risk of suicide in patients with BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ji Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mu-Sung Keum
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Geum Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jin Cheon
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Bon-Hoon Koo
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Cheraghian B, Fereidooni-Moghadam M, Babadi H, Dashtbozorgi B. Psychological and Personality Characteristics of Applicants for Facial Cosmetic Surgery. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2020; 44:780-787. [PMID: 32211944 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-020-01682-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the psychological and personality characteristics of the applicants for facial cosmetic surgery. METHODS This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 385 facial cosmetic surgery applicants who referred to medical centers in Ahvaz (south Iran). The data collection tool included three questionnaires: (1) demographic questions, (2) the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), and (3) the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). RESULTS The results showed that 45.2% of the participants had abnormal health status. The mean score of the participants on the openness subscale was insignificantly lower than that of the general population (p > 0.05). On the other hand, the mean scores of the participants on the conscientiousness and agreeableness subscales were significantly lower (p < 0.001). Finally, the mean score of the samples on the extroversion subscale was significantly higher than that of the general population (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Given the results of the study, it is strongly recommended to address the personality and psychological characteristics of the applicants for cosmetic surgery before operating on them. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
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Laghi F, Pompili S, Bianchi D, Lonigro A, Baiocco R. Psychological characteristics and eating attitudes in adolescents with drunkorexia behavior: an exploratory study. Eat Weight Disord 2020; 25:709-18. [PMID: 30888609 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-019-00675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Drunkorexia represents an emerging phenomenon that is still understudied especially among adolescents. The present study aimed to investigate the relation between drunkorexia and psychological characteristics relevant and commonly associated with existing forms of eating disorders. METHODS The sample was composed of 849 adolescents (513 boys, 334 girls, 2 unknown; range 14-22) who completed a survey composed of Compensatory Eating and Behaviors in Response to Alcohol Consumption Scale and Psychological scales of the Eating Disorders Inventory-3. RESULTS Our findings highlighted that drunkorexia was associated with low self-esteem, personal alienation, interoceptive deficits, emotional dysregulation, and asceticism. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that difficulties with emotion regulation and ascetic tendencies were significant predictors of drunkorexia among adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the importance for programs preventing drunkorexia to be focused on training adolescents in using more adaptive strategies to manage emotions and accepting both emotional and physical signals without feeling guilty or threatened. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, descriptive study.
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Saward C, Morris JG, Nevill ME, Minniti AM, Sunderland C. Psychological characteristics of developing excellence in elite youth football players in English professional academies. J Sports Sci 2019; 38:1380-1386. [PMID: 31607218 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1676526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This mixed-longitudinal prospective study examined the development of psychological characteristics of developing excellence in relation to the career progression of elite youth football players. In a 20-month period, 111 academy football players aged 11-16 completed the Psychological Characteristics of Developing Excellence Questionnaire (PCDEQ) on 1-5 occasions. This combination of single and repeated assessments resulted in a mixed-longitudinal sample of 226 completed PCDEQs. Players were then prospectively tracked, and their scholarship status assessed at follow-up, at age U17. Multilevel modelling revealed that coping with performance and developmental pressures scores increased with age, and that Category 1-2 academy scholars (4.35 ± 0.61) scored higher than Category 3-4 academy scholars (3.99 ± 0.67) and non-scholars (4.02 ± 0.78) (p < .05). Evaluating performances and working on weaknesses scores increased with age for Category 1-2 academy scholars (U12-U14 vs. U15-U16 = 5.16 ± 0.48 vs. 5.38 ± 0.45), compared to non-scholars (U12-U14 vs. U15-U16 = 5.11 ± 0.59 vs. 5.03 ± 0.71) (p < .05). Imagery use during practice and competition scores decreased with age (U12-U14 vs. U15-U16 = 4.45 ± 0.66 vs. 4.29 ± 0.70) (p < .05). A blend of PCDEs may facilitate optimal career progression. Football academies should develop players' PCDEs, with a particular focus on developing their coping skills and their ability to realistically evaluate performances and work on weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Saward
- Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University , Nottingham, UK
| | - John G Morris
- Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University , Nottingham, UK
| | - Mary E Nevill
- Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University , Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Caroline Sunderland
- Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement (SHAPE) Research Group, Department of Sport Science, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University , Nottingham, UK
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Dugué M, Garncarzyk C, Dosseville F. [ Psychological characteristics of stress in nursing student]. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2018; 66:347-354. [PMID: 30318334 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Student nurses have perceived stress higher than students taking other training courses. The objective of this work was to investigate psychological characteristics of nursing students in an attempt to understand why they are more subject to stress than others. METHODS We carried out a self-administered questionnaire survey to compare students taking various training courses (i.e., sport sciences, psychology, medicine, and nursing). Perceived stress and health, high-risk behaviors, different psychological determinants of stress (i.e. coping, emotional skills, resilience, self-esteem, personality, chronotype) were assessed. RESULTS Multiple linear regression analysis yielded a model showing that seven independent variables were correlated with perceived stress among students: perceived health, neuroticism, stress tolerance, active coping, understanding of one's own emotions, chronotype amplitude, and use of one's own feelings. Moreover, medicine and nursing students were more stressed and perceived their health in a more negative way than students taking other training courses. Nursing students were also less stress tolerant. CONCLUSION The regression model suggests that psychological characteristics influence stress level among students. Moreover, the results show that medicine and nursing students differ from other students on resilience in stress tolerance dimension as well as on a set of behaviors. Practical perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dugué
- UFR STAPS, université Caen-Normandie, 2, boulevard du Maréchal-Juin, 14032 Caen cedex, France; EA4260, centre d'étude sport et actions motrices, 14032 Caen, France
| | - C Garncarzyk
- UFR STAPS, université Caen-Normandie, 2, boulevard du Maréchal-Juin, 14032 Caen cedex, France; EA4260, centre d'étude sport et actions motrices, 14032 Caen, France
| | - F Dosseville
- UFR STAPS, université Caen-Normandie, 2, boulevard du Maréchal-Juin, 14032 Caen cedex, France; EA4260, centre d'étude sport et actions motrices, 14032 Caen, France.
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Zach S, Xia Y, Zeev A, Arnon M, Choresh N, Tenenbaum G. Motivation dimensions for running a marathon: A new model emerging from the Motivation of Marathon Scale (MOMS). J Sport Health Sci 2017; 6:302-310. [PMID: 30356611 PMCID: PMC6189003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to test and expand the Motivation of Marathoners Scale (MOMS) model (Masters et al., 1993). METHODS The MOMS questionnaire was distributed to 306 male and female marathon runners (age range: 20-77 years) with experience in marathon running (range: 1-44 runs). A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed that the original model failed to fit the data. Hence, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed to test the best factorial solution for the current data, and a subsequent CFA was performed on the revised factorial structure. Then, a series of EFAs using maximum likelihood factor extraction method were performed. RESULTS The best structure solution for model-data fit resulted in 11 factors: psychological coping-emotional-related coping, psychological coping-everyday-life management, life meaning, self-esteem, recognition, affiliation, weight concerns, general health orientation-reduced disease prevalence and longevity, general health orientation-keep fit, competition, and personal goal achievement. CONCLUSION This study provides a sound and solid framework for studying motivation for physically demanding tasks such as marathon runs, and needs to be similarly applied and tested in studies incorporating physical tasks which vary in mental demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Zach
- Zinman College for Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Wingate Institute, Netanya 42902, Israel
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems, College of Education, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4453, USA
| | - Aviva Zeev
- Zinman College for Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Wingate Institute, Netanya 42902, Israel
| | - Michal Arnon
- Zinman College for Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Wingate Institute, Netanya 42902, Israel
| | - Noa Choresh
- Zinman College for Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Wingate Institute, Netanya 42902, Israel
| | - Gershon Tenenbaum
- Department of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems, College of Education, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4453, USA
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Obuchi C, Ogane S, Sato Y, Kaga K. Auditory symptoms and psychological characteristics in adults with auditory processing disorders. J Otol 2017; 12:132-7. [PMID: 29937848 DOI: 10.1016/j.joto.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most adults with auditory processing disorder (APD) often have trouble at work. It is possible that these listening problems in adults with APD influence their mental health. Thus, we have to take the subject's personality and mental status into consideration when supporting subjects with APD. However, studies on APD in adults are comparatively rare. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationships between the results of auditory tests, APD symptoms, and psychological status in subjects with APD. This study included 22 adults who complained of listening problems in everyday life, and they underwent auditory processing tests and were questioned regarding their psychological characteristics. From the results of the auditory processing tests, all subjects showed low scores on at least one test; therefore, they were suspected of having APD. Especially, the scores were low on the auditory memory test. Furthermore, subjects with APD show relatively similar psychological characteristics to each other. However, there was no significant relationship between the results of the auditory processing tests and psychological characteristics. We have to take notice of a subject's psychological state when they perceive their listening difficulties as a large-scale problem and feel anxious as a result. For this purpose, we should take psychological characteristics into consideration at the time of the medical examination interview before audio-psychological testing.
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Adami Dehkordi M, Javanbakht M, Sarfarazi Moghadam S, Meshkat M, Abolbashari S. Personality Traits in Patients with Subjective Idiopathic Tinnitus. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 27:369-75. [PMID: 26568941 PMCID: PMC4639690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tinnitus is a common complaint in patients referred to otorhinolaryngology clinics and is a condition where one hears a sound without any distinguishable external acoustic source or electrical stimulus. About 3-30% of adults experience different degrees of tinnitus during their life. This study aims to ascertain and compare personality traits between patients with tinnitus and a control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS In a case control study, 66 participants were assessed. The case group consisted of 33 patients who suffered from tinnitus for at least two months, in addition to 33 healthy volunteers who were selected among their family (preferably of the same age and sex). A standard demographic questionnaire and an Eyzenck personality questionnaire were filled for both groups. A tinnitus severity index (TSI) questionnaire was only filled for the case group. Data from each group was compared by Mann-Whitney U and Chi-Square tests. SPSS V.18 was the selected software. RESULTS Statistical analysis showed a meaningful difference in neuroticism (P=0.001) and extraversion (P=0.001) between the patients and the controls; however, there was no statistical difference between these groups regarding psychotism. CONCLUSION Tinnitus can be associated with personality characteristics. This study showed that in patients with tinnitus, neuroticism increases and extraversion decreases. Considering the personality and psychotic traits observed in the patients with tinnitus, psychiatric consultation is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Adami Dehkordi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.,Corresponding Author: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran Tel: +989153140918, E-mail:
| | - Maryam Javanbakht
- Department of Psychology, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
| | | | - Mojtaba Meshkat
- Department of Biostatistics, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Samaneh Abolbashari
- General Practitioner, Mashhad Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
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Herzog A, Voigt K, Meyer B, Wollburg E, Weinmann N, Langs G, Löwe B. Psychological and interactional characteristics of patients with somatoform disorders: Validation of the Somatic Symptoms Experiences Questionnaire (SSEQ) in a clinical psychosomatic population. J Psychosom Res 2015; 78:553-62. [PMID: 25840951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The new DSM-5 Somatic Symptom Disorder (SSD) emphasizes the importance of psychological processes related to somatic symptoms in patients with somatoform disorders. To address this, the Somatic Symptoms Experiences Questionnaire (SSEQ), the first self-report scale that assesses a broad range of psychological and interactional characteristics relevant to patients with a somatoform disorder or SSD, was developed. This prospective study was conducted to validate the SSEQ. METHODS The 15-item SSEQ was administered along with a battery of self-report questionnaires to psychosomatic inpatients. Patients were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV to confirm a somatoform, depressive, or anxiety disorder. Confirmatory factor analyses, tests of internal consistency and tests of validity were performed. RESULTS Patients (n=262) with a mean age of 43.4 years, 60.3% women, were included in the analyses. The previously observed four-factor model was replicated and internal consistency was good (Cronbach's α=.90). Patients with a somatoform disorder had significantly higher scores on the SSEQ (t=4.24, p<.001) than patients with a depressive/anxiety disorder. Construct validity was shown by high correlations with other instruments measuring related constructs. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that the questionnaire predicted health-related quality of life. Sensitivity to change was shown by significantly higher effect sizes of the SSEQ change scores for improved patients than for patients without improvement. CONCLUSION The SSEQ appears to be a reliable, valid, and efficient instrument to assess a broad range of psychological and interactional features related to the experience of somatic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Herzog
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf and Schön Klinik Hamburg-Eilbek.
| | - Katharina Voigt
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf and Schön Klinik Hamburg-Eilbek
| | | | | | | | - Gernot Langs
- Schön Klinik Bad Bramstedt, Bad Bramstedt, Germany
| | - Bernd Löwe
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf and Schön Klinik Hamburg-Eilbek
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ALAGHEMANDAN H, GHAFFARI DARAB M, KHORASANI E, NAMAZI E, MANIYAN MH, BARATI M. Personality Traits and Their Relationship to Demographic Features in Addicts Referring to a Drug Rehabilitation Center in the City of Isfahan, Iran. Iran J Public Health 2015; 44:551-60. [PMID: 26056674 PMCID: PMC4441968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Addiction is one of the most serious social damages and due to its progressive nature in all aspects, adversely affects people's physical and psychological health. Hence, this paper investigates the characteristics of drug addicts in a drug rehabilitation center in the city of Isfahan. METHODS In this cross-sectional study conducted in 2012, the population consisted of all addicts that referred to Shefa Drug Rehabilitation Center. A sample of 201 individuals was selected randomly. Two questionnaires were drawn up to collect data; the first questionnaire examined demographic characteristics and the second was the 71-item Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory short form. Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used in SPSS20 to analyze the data. RESULTS Overall, 98% of participants were men, 65.7% were married, and 13.3% were unemployed. Depression and hypomania were respectively the most and the least prevalent disorders among individuals with high-risk psychological profiles of clinical scales respectively. Psychopathic deviation and schizophrenia were seen among the unemployed more than the employed ones. CONCLUSION Considering the fact that depression was the most common personality disorder among the addicts participating, it is recommended that this disorder be given priority in investigations in the treatment programs of these patients. In addition, the scales of disorder, schizophrenia, mental infirmity, mental deviation, and paranoia had a significant relationship to aggression, delirium and hallucination, which must be taken into consideration in the treatment of such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed ALAGHEMANDAN
- Dept. of Health Management in Disaster and Emergency, Engineering Research Institution of Natural Disaster Management, Shakhes Pajouh, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohsen GHAFFARI DARAB
- Dept. of Business Management, Mobarakeh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mobarakeh, Isfahan, Iran,Dept. of Health Services Management, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elahe KHORASANI
- Dept. of Health Services Management, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Dept. of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, School of Pharmacy, Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding Author:
| | | | | | - Maryam BARATI
- Dept. of Health Services Management, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Ioannou CI, Altenmüller E. Psychological characteristics in musician׳s dystonia: a new diagnostic classification. Neuropsychologia 2014; 61:80-8. [PMID: 24946316 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies suggest that dysfunctional basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical circuits are involved in both movement disorders and psychiatric impairments. The current exploratory investigation explored possible psychological differences, firstly between 24 healthy musicians (HM) and 24 musicians diagnosed with focal dystonia (FDM) (Study I), and secondly among 35 FDM patients only (Study II). Results revealed that FDM patients are six times more likely to exhibit elevated anxiety, perfectionistic and stress characteristics than HM. These psychological conditions might contribute as aggravating risk factors to the development of FDM. However, half of the FDM patients did not demonstrate any signs of anxiety, perfectionism or stress. The findings point to the clear existence of two different psychological profiles among FDM patients. We suggest that this psychological distinction might reflect two different mal-adaptive processes mediated via different circuits of the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamicloops. The new classification of FDM patients will contribute to the reinforcement of the diagnostic repertoire, necessary for the selection of more specific treatment methods.
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Avlund K, Vass M, Lund R, Yamada Y, Hendriksen C. Influence of psychological characteristics and social relations on receiving preventive home visits in older men and women. Eur J Ageing 2008; 5:191-201. [PMID: 28798572 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-008-0086-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose was to analyze whether psychological characteristics and social relations in older men and women were related to accepting and receiving preventive home visits during 3 years, when offered as part of a national scheme. The study was based on secondary data from the Danish Intervention Study on Preventive Home Visits in 34 municipalities. The study population included 3,377 men and women who answered questions about psychological characteristics and social relations at baseline, survived and took part in the three year follow-up study. Number of preventive home visits was registered during 3 years in a specially designed software installed in the municipalities. Psychological characteristics were measured by questions on sadness, aggressiveness, life satisfaction, mood, loneliness and sense of coherence. Social relations were measured by questions on cohabitation status, diversity in social relations and social participation. Covariates included age and disability. Older men with poor psychological rating on most of the variables had larger odds ratios of accepting and receiving preventive home visits compared to older men with higher ratings. Older women with poor rating on the psychological characteristics and high social participation had larger odds of accepting and receiving preventive home visits, and women with a strong sense of coherence had larger odds of receiving many visits. It is concluded that psychological characteristics and social relations in older persons seem to influence whether they accept and receive preventive home visits, but patterns of associations are complex and vary for men and women.
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