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Shi L, Li X, Ji Z, Wang Z, Shi Y, Tian X, Wang Z. The reproductive inhibitory effects of levonorgestrel, quinestrol, and EP-1 in Brandt's vole ( Lasiopodomys brandtii). PeerJ 2020; 8:e9140. [PMID: 32566388 PMCID: PMC7293854 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rodent pests can inflict devastating impacts on agriculture and the environment, leading to significant economic damage associated with their high species diversity, reproductive rates and adaptability. Fertility control methods could indirectly control rodent pest populations as well as limit ecological consequences and environmental concerns caused by lethal chemical poisons. Brandt’s voles, which are common rodent pests found in the grasslands of middle-eastern Inner Mongolia, eastern regions of Mongolia, and some regions of southern Russia, were assessed in the present study. Methods We evaluated the effects of a 2-mg/kg dose of levonorgestrel and quinestrol and a 1:1 mixture of the two (EP-1) on reproductive behavior as well as changes in the reproductive system, reproductive hormone levels, and toxicity in Brandt’s voles. Results Our results revealed that all three fertility control agents can cause reproductive inhibition at a dosage of 2 mg/kg. However, quinestrol caused a greater degree of toxicity, as determined by visible liver damage and reduced expression of the detoxifying molecule CYP1A2. Of the remaining two fertility control agents, EP-1 was superior to levonorgestrel in inhibiting the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and causing reproductive inhibition. We believe that these findings could help promote the use of these fertility control agents and, in turn, reduce the use of chemical poisons and limit their detrimental ecological and environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luye Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,School of Physical Education (Main Campus), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhihong Ji
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zishi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuhua Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiangyu Tian
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Yu P, Chen Z, Zhao H, Cao R, Chen L, Su J, Ning Y. Exposure to quinestrol and levonorgestrel affects maternal behavior and offspring development in midday gerbil (Meriones meridianus). Physiol Behav 2020; 219:112848. [PMID: 32088172 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Quinestrol and levonorgestrel (EP-1, at a ratio of 1:2) are often used as anti-fertility compounds (sterilants) in rodents. As most of the research has focused on the sterility and damage caused in parental reproductive organs, there is little research on the effect of these contraceptive hormones on maternal behavior and offspring's early development. In this study, we examined maternal behavior after treatment with different doses of EP-1 (10 ml/kg) at postnatal days 3 and 10, separately. Various parameters were measured after treatment, including oxytocin expression, serum levels of estradiol and luteinizing hormone (LH), ovary damage after weaning of offspring, as well as the development and ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) of midday gerbil (Meriones meridianus) offspring. At postnatal days 5 and 12, the EP-1 increased maternal licking, grooming, and retrieving behavior, while reducing contacting behavior. Oxytocin expression in the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei increased, while the levels of estradiol and LH decreased. The ovaries and the development of follicles were clearly affected by the treatment. The EP-1 significantly reduced the pups' body weight, the amount and pulse duration of USVs, whereas the frequency range variation of USVs was increased. Overall, treatment with EP-1 during lactation significantly affected maternal behavior and impaired offspring early development in the midday gerbil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yu
- Institute of Behavioral and Physical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Institute of Behavioral and Physical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Haochi Zhao
- Institute of Behavioral and Physical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Ruidong Cao
- Institute of Behavioral and Physical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Lingyun Chen
- Institute of Behavioral and Physical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Junhu Su
- Institute of Rodent Control, Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Yingzhi Ning
- Institute of Behavioral and Physical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China.
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Sidhu A, Singla N, Lonare M, Mahal AK. Effect of quinestrol on body weight, vital organs, biochemicals and genotoxicity in adult male lesser bandicoot rat, Bandicota bengalensis. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2020; 165:104544. [PMID: 32359538 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study was aimed to evaluate the toxic effects of quinestrol (a synthetic estradiol) in male lesser bandicoot rat, Bandicota bengalensis. Effect was studied on body weight, weight of vital organs, changes in level of biochemical parameters and genotoxicity. Feeding of bait containing 0.01% quinestrol in bi-choice and 0.02 and 0.03% quinestrol in no-choice for a period of 10 days resulted in total ingestion of 19.50, 67.60 and 243.30 mg/kg bwt, respectively of the active ingredient. Autopsy of rats after 15 and 30 days of treatment withdrawal revealed no significant effect on body weight and weights of vital organs of rats. A significant decrease in the testicular levels of 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and increase in total soluble proteins was observed in rats treated with 0.02 and 0.03% quinestrol. The plasma levels of lipid peroxidation in the form of malondialdehyde concentration and lactate dehydrogenase increased significantly whereas the level of testosterone decreased significantly in treated rats. The plasma levels of acid and alkaline phosphatases, superoxide dismutase and total proteins differed non-significantly among rats of treated and untreated groups. The effect was found reversed partially in rats autopsied after 60 days of treatment withdrawal. No micronuclei in bone marrow cells, no aberrations in chromosomes and no DNA damage in blood cells during comet assay indicated no genotoxic effect of quinestrol on B. bengalensis at the test doses administered. The results thus revealed that quinestrol causes reversible toxic effects in the form of oxidative stress, increased lytic enzyme activity and decreased steroidogenesis which may further lead to testicular damage thereby inhibiting reproductive function. Also more effect was shown at higher doses ingested in no-choice test as compared to low doses ingested in bi-choice tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajooni Sidhu
- Department of Zoology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Neena Singla
- Department of Zoology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India.
| | - Milindmitra Lonare
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana 141004, India
| | - Amrit Kaur Mahal
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics & Physics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana 141004, India
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Su Q, Chen Y, Qin J, Li H, Liu M, Zhang Z, Liu Q. Ratio-dependent effects of quinestrol and levonorgestrel compounds (EP-1) on reproductive parameters of adult male Swiss mice. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2019; 160:181-186. [PMID: 31519253 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fertility control is considered as the second-generation pest rodent management strategy. Most previous studies have focused on the dosage-dependent effects of quinestrol and levonorgestrel compounds (EP-1) at a ratio of 1:2, but the ratio-dependent effects of EP-1 have not been fully investigated, especially in male rodents. To test the ratio-dependent antifertility effects of EP-1 with different ratios (1:2, 1:1, and 2:1) on male Swiss outbred strain of laboratory mice, forty male mice were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 10). Mice in the three treatment groups were provided one of the three EP-1 mixture compounds for 3 successive days via gavage at a dosage of 50 mg/kg(body weight), and then all mice were sacrificed 15 days after the gavage treatment. Reproductive organ weights, sperm density and motility, levels of testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in serum and/or testis, and androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor α (ERα), estrogen receptor β (ERβ), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), and aromatase in testis were determined. Each of the ratios of quinestrol and levonorgestrel significantly decreased the density and motility of sperm and induced atrophy of the epididymis and seminal vesicle. The combination of compounds also significantly reduced serum T and LH levels, increased testicular T levels and decreased testicular estradiol ERβ and aromatase levels. EP-1 delivered at a ratio of 1:1 induced the most significant effects on the reproductive parameters assessed and shows the potential for use in fertility control of male rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Su
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, 510260 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, 510260 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Qin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, 510260 Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Quansheng Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, 510260 Guangzhou, China.
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Massawe AW, Makundi RH, Zhang Z, Mhamphi G, Liu M, Li HJ, Belmain SR. Effect of synthetic hormones on reproduction in Mastomys natalensis. J Pest Sci (2004) 2018; 91:157-168. [PMID: 29367841 PMCID: PMC5750330 DOI: 10.1007/s10340-017-0894-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Rodent pest management traditionally relies on some form of lethal control. Developing effective fertility control for pest rodent species could be a major breakthrough particularly in the context of managing rodent population outbreaks. This laboratory-based study is the first to report on the effects of using fertility compounds on an outbreaking rodent pest species found throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Mastomys natalensis were fed bait containing the synthetic steroid hormones quinestrol and levonorgestrel, both singly and in combination, at three concentrations (10, 50, 100 ppm) for 7 days. Consumption of the bait and animal body mass was mostly the same between treatments when analysed by sex, day and treatment. However, a repeated measures ANOVA indicated that quinestrol and quinestrol + levonorgestrel treatments reduced consumption by up to 45%, particularly at the higher concentrations of 50 and 100 ppm. Although there was no clear concentration effect on animal body mass, quinestrol and quinestrol + levonorgestrel lowered body mass by up to 20% compared to the untreated and levonorgestrel treatments. Quinestrol and quinestrol + levonorgestrel reduced the weight of male rat testes, epididymis and seminal vesicles by 60-80%, and sperm concentration and motility were reduced by more than 95%. No weight changes were observed to uterine and ovarian tissue; however, high uterine oedema was observed among all female rats consuming treated bait at 8 and 40 days from trial start. Trials with mate pairing showed there were significant differences in the pregnancy rate with all treatments when compared to the untreated control group of rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apia W. Massawe
- Pest Management Centre, Africa Centre of Excellence for Innovative Rodent Pest Management and Biosensor Technology Development, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Rhodes H. Makundi
- Pest Management Centre, Africa Centre of Excellence for Innovative Rodent Pest Management and Biosensor Technology Development, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Zhibin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pest Management of Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Ginethon Mhamphi
- Pest Management Centre, Africa Centre of Excellence for Innovative Rodent Pest Management and Biosensor Technology Development, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Hong-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pest Management of Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Steven R. Belmain
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB UK
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Su QQ, Chen Y, Qin J, Wang TL, Wang DH, Liu QS. Responses in reproductive organs, steroid hormones and CYP450 enzymes in female Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) over time after quinestrol treatment. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2017; 143:122-126. [PMID: 29183580 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effects and reversibility of the synthetic estrogen compound, quinestrol, on the reproductive organs, steroid hormones, and drug-metabolizing enzymes CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 in liver and kidney over time after two quinestrol treatments in female Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). Female gerbils were treated with 4mg/kg quinestrol (9 gerbils/group, 3 treated group) (1 control group, 0mg/kg) for 3days and treated again after 25days. Animals were killed for collection of samples at 5, 10 and 15days after the second treatment ending. Two interval quinestrol treatments significantly increased uterine weight, with trend of increase over time, but no change could be detected in ovarian weights. Quinestrol treatment increased progesterone and estradiol levels, both with trend of decline over time. Quinestrol increased liver and kidney weights and total enzyme content of CYP3A4 and CYP1A2, with trend of decline over time. On the basis of reversible changes of detoxification enzymes or organs, interval quinestrol treatment effectively and reversibly influenced the reproductive hormone and organ to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Su
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, 510260 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, 510260 Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Qin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, 510260 Guangzhou, China
| | - Tong-Liang Wang
- College of Life Science, Hainan Normal University, 571158 Haikou, China; State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insect and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - De-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insect and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Quan-Sheng Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, 510260 Guangzhou, China.
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Chen Y, Su QQ, Liu QS. Effects of quinestrol on the vocal behavior of mice during courtship interactions. Physiol Behav 2017; 173:216-222. [PMID: 28223035 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Vocalizations are a crucial part of courtship and mating in a wide variety of species. Mating behavior, including courtship calls, is modulated by sex steroid hormones. Male mice produce courtship ultrasonic vocalizations to attract females during heterosexual encounters. However, rare is the knowledge on whether vocal behavior of mice changes under sterilant treatment which will affect gonadal hormone levels. In the present study, we treat male mice with quinestrol, which interferes with the release of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and has a significant anti-fertility effect in rodents. We compared the differences in the syllable structures (including peak intensity, peak frequency, duration, and bandwidth), total number of calls, and harmonic syllable proportions between quinestrol treated and control male mice. Male mice treated with quinestrol produced more courtship calls and more harmonic syllables than control mice, whereas the parameters of call syllables showed no significant change between the two groups. The results indicate that normal male vocal behavior during sexual interactions could be retained or even reinforced after quinestrol treatment. In addition, female mice approached male mice treated with quinestrol more than control mice, suggesting that the treated male mice were more attractive to the female mice than the controls. Thus, competitive reproductive interference is enhanced. Further, findings provided behavior mechanism in vocal context of the fertility control in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, 510260 Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian-Qian Su
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, 510260 Guangzhou, China
| | - Quan-Sheng Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources, 510260 Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management for Pest Insects and Rodents, 100101 Beijing, China.
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Geng Q, Li P, Zhang W, Deng Y, Duan Y, Cao Y. The bioaccumulation and biotransformation of synthetic estrogen quinestrol in crucian carp. Aquat Toxicol 2014; 155:84-90. [PMID: 24997302 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and fate of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in aquatic species have attracted close attention during the last decades. In this study, the bioaccumulation and biotransformation of synthetic estrogen quinestrol, one of the typical EDCs, in the plasma and liver of crucian carp, were investigated by a newly developed and validated reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescent detection method. Crucian carp were exposed to quinestrol in concentration of 2, 10, 50, 100 μg/L (5.49, 27.43, 137.17, 274.34 nmol/L) for 60 days. After 60 days' exposure, the concentrations of quinestrol found in liver and plasma were in the range of 0.25-0.69 mg/kg and 0.19-0.30 mg/L respectively, positively correlated with the exposure concentrations ranged 2-100 μg/L (5.49-274.34 nmol/L). There was a negative correlation between the bio-accumulation ratios and the exposure concentrations of quinestrol. 17α-Ethinylestradiol was also found in liver and plasma, and the concentrations were 0.02-0.19 mg/kg and 0.37-0.96 mg/L, respectively. The results indicated that quinestrol can be accumulated and transformed to 17α-ethinylestradiol in crucian carp. Moreover, exposure to quinestrol caused oxidative damages to crucian carp and the content of malondialdehyde increased in all treatment concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Geng
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pingliang Li
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yufang Deng
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongheng Duan
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongsong Cao
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Li J, Chen F, Li C, Chen Y. Quinestrol induces spermatogenic apoptosis in vivo via increasing pro-apoptotic proteins in adult male mice. Tissue Cell 2014; 46:318-25. [PMID: 25038589 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The effects of quinestrol on spermatogenesis were investigated in adult male mice by daily intragastric administration of quinestrol with various doses of 5, 10, 50 and 100mg/kg body weight for 10 days. The sperm counts declined while the number of abnormal spermatozoa went up in mice treated with quinestrol. The testicular weight and seminiferous tubular area gradually declined with increasing dosages of quinestrol to 50 and 100mg/kg. Rarefied germ cells showed irregular distributions in the seminiferous tubules of mice treated with 50 and 100mg/kg quinestrol. Apoptosis was highly pronounced in spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and Leydig cells. Antioxidant enzyme activities - superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase - as well as total antioxidant capacity significantly reduced, while malondialdehyde contents increased. The number of germ cells expressing caspase-3, p53, Bax and FasL significantly increased whereas cells expressing Bcl-2 significantly decreased in groups treated with 50 and 100mg/kg quinestrol compared with the control. The concentration of nitrogen monoxidum also increased significantly under these dosages. The results suggest that quinestrol stimulates oxidative stress to induce apoptosis in spermatogenic cells through the mitochondrial and death receptor pathways in adult male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Funing Chen
- Yanjing Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Charles Li
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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10
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Zhu XX. [Effect of compound quinestrol on fat metabolism]. Shengzhi Yu Biyun 1988; 8:19-21. [PMID: 12315489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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Xiao B, Wang M. Birth control techniques in China. China Popul Newsl 1983; 1:1-7. [PMID: 12312957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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12
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Donde UM, Virkar KD. Biochemical studies with once-a-month contraceptive pill containing quinestrol-quingestanol acetate. Contraception 1975; 11:681-8. [PMID: 1137940 DOI: 10.1016/0010-7824(75)90065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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13
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Göretzlehner G, Wilken H. [LH excretion during the ovulatory cycle and during therapy with various estrogen-gestagen combinations]. Endokrinologie 1972; 60:302-8. [PMID: 4121480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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15
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Rathi SK. Sixth World Congress on Fertility and Sterility. A review. I. Indian J Med Sci 1971; 25:733-43. [PMID: 5132243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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