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Reina Ruíz ÁJ, Quintero Cabello A. Comparison of effectiveness between different interventions in postconcussive symptoms in adolescents and young people: a literature review. Neurologia 2024; 39:372-382. [PMID: 37120109 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2023.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently, concussion considers a problem of great magnitude, adolescents and young people being the population at risk, since it is in the process of maturation. Our goal has been to compare the effectiveness of different interventions (exercise therapy, vestibular rehabilitation and rest) in adolescents and young people with concussion. DEVELOPMENT A bibliographic search was carried out in the main databases. Once the inclusion/exclusion criteria and the PEDro methodological scale were applied, 6 articles were reviewed. The results support the use of exercise and vestibular rehabilitation in the initial stages to reduce post-concussion symptoms. According to most authors, therapeutic physical exercise and vestibular rehabilitation report greater benefits, although a protocol that unifies assessment scales, study variables and analysis parameters would be needed to be able to make the inference in the target population. CONCLUSIóN: From the moment of hospital discharge, the combined application of exercise and vestibular rehabilitation could be the best option to reduce post-concussion symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Á J Reina Ruíz
- Área de Fisioterapia, Centro Universitario de Osuna, Sevilla, Spain
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Shibasaki S, Kishino T, Sei Y, Harashima K, Sakata K, Ohnishi H, Watanabe T. Sex-dependent impact of a short rest after lunch on hemodynamics as assessed by Doppler sonography. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:873-880. [PMID: 37755579 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05316-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Taking a short rest after lunch suppresses increases in blood flow to the digestive organs and maintains blood flow to the brain in the afternoon, possibly providing beneficial effects in preventing post-prandial drowsiness. The present study investigated sex-dependent influences on changes in hemodynamics produced by taking a short rest after lunch. METHODS Subjects comprised 20 healthy young adults (10 men, 10 women; mean age 21 ± 1 years). Doppler sonography was performed to measure blood flow in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and common carotid artery (CCA) before and after lunch every hour on each day, with and without a 15-min rest with eyes closed after lunch. Blood pressure and heart rate (HR) were also measured. RESULTS For both men and women, peak systolic velocity (PSV) in the SMA was suppressed by taking a rest. PSV in the CCA in men was increased at 0.5 h after lunch in the resting condition but was decreased in the non-resting condition (median 109%, interquartile range [IQR] 102-120% vs. median 98%, IQR 90-107%; P = 0.037). No such differences were observed in women. Although post-prandial increases in HR were observed in women, a similar increase was only found for men in the resting condition. CONCLUSION An increase in CCA blood flow was observed only in men. The present study suggests that a short rest after lunch could better promote the maintenance of blood flow to the brain in men than in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Shibasaki
- Department of Medical Technology, Kyorin University Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Kishino
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Kyorin University Faculty of Health Sciences, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan.
| | - Yoriko Sei
- Department of Medical Technology, Kyorin University Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Harashima
- Department of Medical Technology, Kyorin University Faculty of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Konomi Sakata
- Department of Clinical Engineering, Kyorin University Faculty of Health Sciences, 5-4-1 Shimorenjaku, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8612, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ohnishi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Qiu J, Liu W, Wu D, Qiao F, Sui L. Fit accuracy in the rest region of RPDs fabricated by digital technologies and conventional lost-wax casting: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:667. [PMID: 37715159 PMCID: PMC10504730 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03348-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Digital technologies have recently been introduced into the fabrication of removable partial dentures (RPDs). However, it is still unclear whether the digitally fabricated RPDs fit better than conventionally cast ones in the rest region. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fit accuracy in the rest region of RPDs fabricated by digital technologies and compare it to those made by conventional lost-wax (CLW) technique. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, Web of Science and SpringerLink. Studies published up to August 2022 were collected. Two authors analyzed the studies independently and assessed the risk of bias on the modified methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS) scale. The mean values of gap distance between rests and corresponding rest seats of each study were extracted as outcome. A random-effects model at a significance level of P < 0.05 was used in the global comparison and subgroup analysis was carried out. RESULTS Overall, 11 articles out of 1214 complied with the inclusion criteria and were selected, including 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 1 non-randomized clinical trial and 8 in vitro studies. Quantitative data from Meta-analysis revealed that fit accuracy in the rest region of RPDs fabricated with CLW showed no statistically significant difference with digital techniques (SMD = 0.33, 95%CI (-0.18, 0.83), P = 0.21). Subgroup analysis revealed a significantly better fit accuracy of CLW-fabricated RPDs in the rest region than either additive manufacturing (AM) groups or indirect groups (P = 0.03, P = 0.00), in which wax or resin patterns are milled or printed before conventional casting. While milled RPDs fit significantly better than cast ones in the rest region (P = 0.00). With digital relief and heat treatment, hybrid manufactured (HM) clasps obtained better fit accuracy in the rest region (P < 0.05). In addition, finishing and polishing procedure had no significant influence in the fit accuracy in all groups (P = 0.83). CONCLUSIONS RPDs fabricated by digital technologies exhibit comparable fit accuracy in rest region with those made by CLW. Digital technologies may be a promising alternative to CLW for the fabrication of RPDs and additional studies are recommended to provide stronger evidence. TRIAL REGISTRATION CRD42020201313.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachao Qiu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Qixiangtai Road No.12, Tianjin, 300070, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Stomatology, North Sichuan Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, People's Republic of China
| | - Danfeng Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Qixiangtai Road No.12, Tianjin, 300070, P.R. China
| | - Feng Qiao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tianjin Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Qixiangtai Road No.12, Tianjin, 300070, P.R. China
| | - Lei Sui
- Department of Prosthodontics, Tianjin Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Qixiangtai Road No.12, Tianjin, 300070, P.R. China.
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Carvalho LB, Dos Santos Sanna PL, Dos Santos Afonso CC, Bondan EF, da Silva Feltran G, Ferreira MR, Birbrair A, Andia DC, Latini A, Foganholi da Silva RA. MicroRNA biogenesis machinery activation and lncRNA and REST overexpression as neuroprotective responses to fight inflammation in the hippocampus. J Neuroimmunol 2023; 382:578149. [PMID: 37481910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2023.578149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Brain Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and microRNAs (miRs) play essential roles in the regulation of several important biological processes, including neuronal activity, cognitive processes, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and neuroinflammation. In this context, the transcriptional repressor, RE1 silencing transcription factor (Rest), acts regulating the expression of neuronal genes as well as of lncRNAs and multiple miRNAs in the central nervous system. Nevertheless, its role in neuroinflammation was less explored. Here, we demonstrate, using an in vivo model of neuroinflammation induced by i.p. injection of LPS (0.33 mg/kg), that neuroinflammation increases gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines concomitant with the native and truncated forms of Rest and of non-coding RNAs. Additionally, the increased expression of enzymes Drosha ribonuclease III) (Drosha), Exportin 5 (Xpo5) and Endoribonuclease dicer (Dicer), associated with high expression of neuroprotective miRs 22 and 132 are indicative that the activation of biogenesis of miRs in the hippocampal region is a Central Nervous System (CNS) protective mechanism for the deleterious effects of neuroinflammation. Our results indicate that positive regulation of Rest gene expression in the hippocampal region by neuroinflammation correlates directly with the expression of miRs 22 and 132 and inversely with miR 335. In parallel, the confirmation of the possible alignment between the lncRNAs with miR 335 by bioinformatics corroborates with the sponge effect of Hottip and Hotair hybridizing and inhibiting the pro-inflammatory action of miR 335. This suggests the existence of a possible correlation between the activation of miR biogenesis machinery with increased expression of the transcription factor Rest, contributing to neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eduardo F Bondan
- CEEpiRG - Center for Epigenetic Study and Genic Regulation, Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Geórgia da Silva Feltran
- Lab. of Bioassays and Cellular Dynamics, Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcel Rodrigues Ferreira
- Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Experimental Research Unity, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University, USA
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Denise Carleto Andia
- School of Dentistry, Health Science Institute, Paulista University, São Paulo 04026-002, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandra Latini
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics and Oxidative Stress, LABOX, Department of Biochemistry, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Foganholi da Silva
- Dentistry, University of Taubaté, Taubaté, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; CEEpiRG - Center for Epigenetic Study and Genic Regulation, Program in Environmental and Experimental Pathology, Paulista University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Helton WS, Wen J. Will the real resource theory please stand up! Vigilance is a renewable resource and should be modeled as such. Exp Brain Res 2023; 241:1263-1270. [PMID: 36997721 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06604-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
The vigilance decrement or decline in signal detection performance with time on task is one of the most reliable findings in the cognitive neuroscience and psychology literatures. The majority of theories proposed to explain the decrement are limited cognitive or attention resource based theories; the central nervous system is a limited capacity processor. The decrement in performance is then due to resource reallocation (or misallocation), resource depletion or some combination of both mechanisms. The role of resource depletion, in particular, is hotly debated. However, this may be due to a lack of understanding of the renewable nature of the vigilance resources and how this renewal process impacts performance during vigilance tasks. In the present paper, a simple quantitative model of vigilance resource depletion and renewal is described and shown to generate performance data similar to results seen in both humans and spiders. This model clarifies the role resource depletion and resource renewal may play in vigilance in both people and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S Helton
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, 3F5, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA.
| | - James Wen
- Department of Logistics, Molde University College, Postbox 2110, 6402, Molde, Norway
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Grieder M, Koenig T. Effect of Acoustic fMRI-Scanner Noise on the Human Resting State. Brain Topogr 2023; 36:32-41. [PMID: 36536080 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-022-00933-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Our knowledge about the human resting state is predominantly based on either electroencephalographic (EEG) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) methods. While EEG recordings can be performed in seated posture in quiet conditions, the fMRI environment presents a substantial contrast with supine and restricted posture in a narrow tube that is filled with acoustic scanner noise (ASN) at a chainsaw-like volume level. However, the influence of these diverging conditions on resting-state brain activation is neither well studied nor broadly discussed. In order to promote data as a source of sharper hypotheses for future studies, we investigated alterations in EEG-frequency-band power (delta, theta, alpha, beta, gamma) and spatial power distribution as well as cortical vigilance measures in different postures and ASN surroundings over the course of time. Participants (N = 18) underwent three consecutive resting-state EEG recordings with a fixed posture and ASN setting sequence; seated, supine, and supine with ASN (supnoise) using an MRI simulator. The results showed that compared to seated, supnoise, the last instance within the posture sequence, was characterized by lower power and altered spatial power distribution in all assessed frequency bands. This might also have been an effect of time alone. In delta, theta, alpha, and beta, the power of supnoise was also reduced compared to supine, as well as the corresponding distribution maps. The vigilance analysis revealed that in supine and supnoise, the highest and lowest vigilance stages were more dominant compared to the seated and earliest posture condition within the sequence. Hence, our results demonstrate that the differences in recording settings and progress of time are related to changes in cortical arousal and vigilance regulation, findings that should be taken into account more profoundly for hypothesis generation as well as analytic strategies in future resting-state studies.
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Thambiraj J, Kirshbaum MN, Liu XL, Waheed N, Valery PC. "You feel different in your body": Experiences of fatigue among children undergoing radiotherapy for cancer treatment. J Pediatr Nurs 2022; 67:7-14. [PMID: 35872502 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this research is to examine the experience and impact of radiotherapy related fatigue in children diagnosed with solid tumours. DESIGN AND METHODS Children (n = 25) and parents (n = 19) participated in a semi-structured interview on the last week of radiotherapy treatment. The study sample included children who were 6 to 14 years of age, diagnosed with brain or solid tumour, and received radiotherapy as part of their treatment protocol over the period of 6 weeks. Interpretation of data was undertaken through the adoption of thematic analysis approach. RESULTS Data revealed children's experience and response to fatigue while undergoing radiotherapy. Several recurring themes arose about their experience of fatigue/tiredness while undergoing radiotherapy. Two themes and eight sub themes, namely 'Experience of Fatigue' ("You feel Different in your body", Mood and Feeling, Activity and Occurrence) and 'Response to Fatigue' (Rest and Sleep, Activity, Mood and Concentration and Eating Habit) were identified. CONCLUSIONS The findings illustrated significant fatigue on activity sleep, rest and mood of children undergoing radiotherapy. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Monitoring and addressing fatigue and its consequences during radiotherapy treatment are essential to improve well-being of children with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Thambiraj
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory, Australia.
| | | | - Xian-Liang Liu
- Charles Darwin University, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Nasreena Waheed
- College of Healthcare Sciences, Division of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Australia
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Naito T, Saito T, Morito A, Yamada S, Shimomasuda M, Nakamura M. Pre-cooling with ingesting a high-carbohydrate ice slurry on thermoregulatory responses and subcutaneous interstitial fluid glucose during heat exposure. J Physiol Anthropol 2022; 41:34. [PMID: 36217207 PMCID: PMC9549659 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-022-00309-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of ingesting ice slurries with two different carbohydrate contents on body temperatures and the subcutaneous interstitial fluid glucose level during heat exposure. Seven physically active men underwent one of three interventions: the ingestion of 7.5 g/kg of a control beverage (CON: 26°C), a normal-carbohydrate ice slurry (NCIS: −1°C), or a high-carbohydrate ice slurry (HCIS: −5°C). The participants were monitored for a 120-min period that included 10 min of rest, 25 min of exposure to the experimental cooling intervention (during which the beverage was ingested), and 85 min of seated rest in a climate chamber (36°C, 50% relative humidity). The rectal temperature in the HCIS and NCIS trials was lower than that in the CON trial from 40 to 75 min. The infrared tympanic temperature was also lower in the HCIS and NCIS trials than in the CON trial from 20 to 50 min, whereas the deep thigh or mean skin temperatures were not significantly different among the three groups. From 90 to 120 min, the subcutaneous interstitial fluid glucose level in the NCIS trial was lower than that at 65 min; however, reductions were not seen in the HCIS and CON trials. These findings suggest that both HCIS ingestion and conventional NCIS ingestion were effective cooling strategies for reducing thermal strain, while HCIS ingestion may also enable a higher subcutaneous interstitial fluid glucose level to be maintained, ensuring an adequate supply of required muscle substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Naito
- grid.419627.fDepartment of Sports Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, 3-15-1 Nishigaoka Kita-ku, Tokyo, 115-0056 Japan ,grid.440874.b0000 0001 2183 8345Faculty of Law, Hokkai-Gakuen University, 4-1-40 Asahimachi Toyohira-ku, Sapporo City, Hokkaido 062-8605 Japan
| | - Tatsuya Saito
- grid.419627.fDepartment of Sports Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, 3-15-1 Nishigaoka Kita-ku, Tokyo, 115-0056 Japan ,grid.265107.70000 0001 0663 5064Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyamachominami, Tottori City, Tottori 683-8550 Japan
| | - Akihisa Morito
- grid.419836.10000 0001 2162 3360Health Science Research R&D Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshinomachi Kita-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 331-9530 Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamada
- grid.419836.10000 0001 2162 3360Health Science Research R&D Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 1-403 Yoshinomachi Kita-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 331-9530 Japan
| | - Masatsugu Shimomasuda
- grid.419836.10000 0001 2162 3360Research & Development Headquarters, Self-Medication, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 3-24-1, Takada, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 170-8633 Japan
| | - Mariko Nakamura
- grid.419627.fDepartment of Sports Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, 3-15-1 Nishigaoka Kita-ku, Tokyo, 115-0056 Japan
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Davydov N, Peek L, Auer T, Prilepin E, Gninenko N, Van De Ville D, Nikonorov A, Koush Y. Real-time and Recursive Estimators for Functional MRI Quality Assessment. Neuroinformatics 2022; 20:897-917. [PMID: 35297018 DOI: 10.1007/s12021-022-09582-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Real-time quality assessment (rtQA) of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) based on blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal changes is critical for neuroimaging research and clinical applications. The losses of BOLD sensitivity because of different types of technical and physiological noise remain major sources of fMRI artifacts. Due to difficulty of subjective visual perception of image distortions during data acquisitions, a comprehensive automatic rtQA is needed. To facilitate rapid rtQA of fMRI data, we applied real-time and recursive quality assessment methods to whole-brain fMRI volumes, as well as time-series of target brain areas and resting-state networks. We estimated recursive temporal signal-to-noise ratio (rtSNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (rtCNR), and real-time head motion parameters by a framewise rigid-body transformation (translations and rotations) using the conventional current to template volume registration. In addition, we derived real-time framewise (FD) and micro (MD) displacements based on head motion parameters and evaluated the temporal derivative of root mean squared variance over voxels (DVARS). For monitoring time-series of target regions and networks, we estimated the number of spikes and amount of filtered noise by means of a modified Kalman filter. Finally, we applied the incremental general linear modeling (GLM) to evaluate real-time contributions of nuisance regressors (linear trend and head motion). Proposed rtQA was demonstrated in real-time fMRI neurofeedback runs without and with excessive head motion and real-time simulations of neurofeedback and resting-state fMRI data. The rtQA was implemented as an extension of the open-source OpenNFT software written in Python, MATLAB and C++ for neurofeedback, task-based, and resting-state paradigms. We also developed a general Python library to unify real-time fMRI data processing and neurofeedback applications. Flexible estimation and visualization of rtQA facilitates efficient rtQA of fMRI data and helps the robustness of fMRI acquisitions by means of substantiating decisions about the necessity of the interruption and re-start of the experiment and increasing the confidence in neural estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Davydov
- Aligned Research Group, Los Gatos, USA.,Samara National Research University, Samara, Russia.,Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Samara, Russia
| | - Lucas Peek
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tibor Auer
- School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | | | - Nicolas Gninenko
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Institute of Bioengineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Artem Nikonorov
- Samara National Research University, Samara, Russia.,Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Science, Samara, Russia
| | - Yury Koush
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, USA.
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Hermans BCM, Derks JL, Hillen LM, van der Baan I, van den Broek EC, von der Thüsen JH, van Suylen R, Atmodimedjo PN, den Toom TD, Coumans‐Stallinga C, Timens W, Dinjens WNM, Dubbink HJ, Speel EM, Dingemans AC. In-depth molecular analysis of combined and co-primary pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Int J Cancer 2022; 150:802-815. [PMID: 34674268 PMCID: PMC9298697 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Up to 14% of large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNECs) are diagnosed in continuity with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. In addition to these combined lesions, 1% to 7% of lung tumors present as co-primary tumors with multiple synchronous lesions. We evaluated molecular and clinicopathological characteristics of combined and co-primary LCNEC-adenocarcinoma (ADC) tumors. Ten patients with LCNEC-ADC (combined) and five patients with multiple synchronous ipsilateral LCNEC and ADC tumors (co-primary) were included. DNA was isolated from distinct tumor parts, and 65 cancer genes were analyzed by next generation sequencing. Immunohistochemistry was performed including neuroendocrine markers, pRb, Ascl1 and Rest. Pure ADC (N = 37) and LCNEC (N = 17) cases were used for reference. At least 1 shared mutation, indicating tumor clonality, was found in LCNEC- and ADC-parts of 10/10 combined tumors but only in 1/5 co-primary tumors. A range of identical mutations was observed in both parts of combined tumors: 8/10 contained ADC-related (EGFR/KRAS/STK11 and/or KEAP1), 4/10 RB1 and 9/10 TP53 mutations. Loss of pRb IHC was observed in 6/10 LCNEC- and 4/10 ADC-parts. The number and intensity of expression of Ascl1 and neuroendocrine markers increased from pure ADC (low) to combined ADC (intermediate) and combined and pure LCNEC (high). The opposite was true for Rest expression. In conclusion, all combined LCNEC-ADC tumors were clonally related indicating a common origin. A relatively high frequency of pRb inactivation was observed in both LCNEC- and ADC-parts, suggesting an underlying role in LCNEC-ADC development. Furthermore, neuroendocrine differentiation might be modulated by Ascl1(+) and Rest(-) expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bregtje C. M. Hermans
- Department of Pulmonary DiseasesMaastricht University Medical Centre+MaastrichtThe Netherlands,GROW—School for Oncology & Developmental BiologyMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Jules L. Derks
- Department of Pulmonary DiseasesMaastricht University Medical Centre+MaastrichtThe Netherlands,GROW—School for Oncology & Developmental BiologyMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Lisa M. Hillen
- GROW—School for Oncology & Developmental BiologyMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands,Department of PathologyMaastricht University Medical Centre+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Irene van der Baan
- GROW—School for Oncology & Developmental BiologyMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands,Department of PathologyMaastricht University Medical Centre+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Jan H. von der Thüsen
- Department of PathologyErasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | - Peggy N. Atmodimedjo
- Department of PathologyErasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - T. Dorine den Toom
- Department of PathologyErasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Cecile Coumans‐Stallinga
- GROW—School for Oncology & Developmental BiologyMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands,Department of PathologyMaastricht University Medical Centre+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Wim Timens
- Department of Pathology and Medical BiologyUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Winand N. M. Dinjens
- Department of PathologyErasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Hendrikus J. Dubbink
- Department of PathologyErasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Ernst‐Jan M. Speel
- GROW—School for Oncology & Developmental BiologyMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands,Department of PathologyMaastricht University Medical Centre+MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Anne‐Marie C. Dingemans
- Department of Pulmonary DiseasesMaastricht University Medical Centre+MaastrichtThe Netherlands,GROW—School for Oncology & Developmental BiologyMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands,Department of PulmonologyErasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamThe Netherlands
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Kim W, Ju YJ, Lee SY. The Ability to Rest at Home During COVID-19 Symptom Manifestation and Depressive Symptoms: Evidence From Korea. Psychiatry Investig 2022; 19:92-99. [PMID: 35042284 PMCID: PMC8898609 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2021.0300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the association between ability to rest at home in times of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptom manifestation and depressive symptoms. METHODS The 2020 Korea Community Health Survey data were used. The presence of depressive symptoms was determined using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The relationship between depressive symptoms and ability to rest at home was examined using logistic regression analysis. Additional analysis was performed on the reasons for the inability to stay at home. RESULTS Depressive symptoms were more common in participants who could not rest at home if symptoms manifested (4.1%) than those who could rest at home (2.7%). Participants who could not rest at home (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.34-1.74) were more likely to have depressive symptoms, particularly when they had to report to work (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.30-1.74) or purchase daily necessities (OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.15-5.03). CONCLUSION Inability to rest at home in the case of COVID-19 symptom manifestation was associated with depressive symptoms. The findings suggest the need to address the identified vulnerable groups to mitigate the mental health consequences of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woorim Kim
- Division of Cancer Control & Policy, National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Jun Ju
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Young Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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12
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Chalmers PN, Mcelheny K, D’Angelo J, Ma K, Rowe D, Erickson BJ. How does the All-Star break affect injury rates in professional baseball? JSES Rev Rep Tech 2022; 2:17-19. [PMID: 37588278 PMCID: PMC10426681 DOI: 10.1016/j.xrrt.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Injury rates in professional baseball players are increasing. It is unclear if the time of rest from the All-Star break affects injury risk. Methods Every professional baseball game (A-, A+, AA, AAA, and Major League Baseball) played between 2011 and 2017 was included. Each game was then classified as control game (games played in April, May, June, and September) or game within one month after the All-Star break. Incidence of injuries in games within one month of the All-Star break was compared with the control games. Results Our analysis included 66,642 games: 46,630 control games and 20,012 games played within one month after the All-Star break. On univariate analysis, there was a mean ± standard deviation of 0.45 ± 0.72 injuries per game in control games and 0.41 ± 0.68 injuries per game in games played within one month after the All-Star break (P<.001). On multivariate analysis, there was a significant association between games played within one month after the All-Star break and number of injuries per game (P<.001) after adjusting for the level of play and game duration. However, the effect size was 0.001, suggesting this effect is clinically insignificant. Conclusion There does not appear to be a clinically significant difference in injury rates per game in professional baseball players between games played in the month after the All-Star break and all other games played during the season. Although the All-Star break provides most players with a chance to rest, it does not appear to have an effect on injury rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter N. Chalmers
- University of Utah, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - John D’Angelo
- Major League Baseball Commissioner’s Office, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Ma
- Major League Baseball Commissioner’s Office, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dana Rowe
- Major League Baseball Commissioner’s Office, New York, NY, USA
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Nakao H, Kashiwakura C, Shibasaki S, Harashima K, Nakajima S, Ohnishi H, Watanabe T, Kishino T. Possible effects of short rest after lunch on hemodynamics in the afternoon. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021. [PMID: 34846579 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-021-04852-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Drowsiness is often experienced in the afternoon after lunch. Decreases in blood flow to the brain secondary to increases in blood flow to the digestive organs after food intake could represent an underlying cause. As various beneficial effects of short rests on mental activities have been reported, the present study investigated hemodynamics using Doppler sonography of the common carotid artery (CCA) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) after lunch, comparing resting and non-resting cases. METHODS Subjects comprised 24 healthy young adults (10 men, 14 women; mean age 22 ± 1 years). Sonography was performed to measure blood flow before and after lunch on each day, with and without a 15-min lying rest with eyes closed after lunch in each subject. RESULTS The timing of the peak velocity-time integral in the SMA in resting cases was delayed to 1.5 h after lunch compared to 0.5 h in non-resting cases. Although end-diastolic velocity in the CCA decreased after lunch, this decrease was suppressed in resting cases compared to non-resting cases even 4.5 h after lunch (median 96%, interquartile range [IQR] 83-102% vs. median 87%, IQR 77-92%; P = 0.037). Mean velocity (MV) in the CCA maintained unchanged after lunch in resting cases (P = 0.318), whereas non-resting cases showed decreased MV after lunch (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that a short lying rest with eyes closed suppresses increases in blood flow to the digestive organ and maintains blood flow to the brain after lunch. These hemodynamic changes might help explain the benefits of afternoon rests.
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Dong X, Zhou Q, Lu Q, Sheng H, Zhang L, Zheng ZJ. Different Resting Methods in Improving Laypersons Hands-Only Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Quality and Reducing Fatigue: A Randomized Crossover Study. Resusc Plus 2021; 8:100177. [PMID: 34825237 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2021.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the effects of different resting methods with various rest-start points or rest-compression ratios on improving cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality and reducing fatigue during continuous chest compressions (CCC) in 10-min hands-only CPR scenario. Methods This prospective crossover study was conducted in 30 laypersons aged 18-65. Trained participants were randomized to follow different orders to perform following hands-only CPR methods: (1) CCC, 10-min CCC; (2) 4+6, 4-min CCC + 6-min of 10-s pause after 60-s compressions; (3) 2+8 (10/60), 2-min CCC + 8-min of 10-s pause after 60-s compressions; (4) 5/30, 2-min CCC + 8-min of 5-s pause after 30-s compressions; (5) 3/15, 2-min CCC + 8-min of 3-s pause after 15-s compressions. CPR quality (depth, rate, hands-off duration, chest compression fraction (CCF)) and participants’ fatigue indicators (heart rate, blood pressure, rating of perceived exertion (RPE)) were compared among methods of different rest-start points and different rest-compression ratios with CCC. Results Twenty-eight participants completed all methods. All resting methods reduced the trend of declining compression depth and the trend of increasing RPE while maintaining CCF of more than 86%. In methods with different rest-start points, the 2+8 method showed no difference in overall CPR quality or fatigue, but better CPR quality of every minute than 4+6 method. In methods with different rest-compression ratios, the 3/15 method showed the best CPR quality and the highest heart rate increment. Conclusion During prolonged hands-only CPR, appropriate transient rests were associated with higher CPR quality and lower subjectively perceived fatigue in laypersons.
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15
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Fischer DC, Sckell A, Garkisch A, Dresing K, Eisenhauer A, Valentini L, Mittlmeier T. Treatment of perioperative swelling by rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) without and with additional application of negative pressure (RICE +) in patients with a unilateral ankle fracture: study protocol for a monocentric, evaluator-blinded randomized controlled pilot trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2021; 7:203. [PMID: 34772457 PMCID: PMC8588602 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-021-00944-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Edema is commonly seen after surgical fixation of ankle fractures. Rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) is an established combination to prevent swelling but hardly able to stimulate lymphatic resorption. Recently, an epicutaneously applied negative pressure suction apparatus (LymphaTouch®) has been introduced to stimulate lymphatic flow. While postoperative recovery, soft tissue, and osseous healing as well as functional outcome are probably linked to the amount of postoperative swelling, estimates on this relative to prevention (RICE) or prevention + stimulated resorption (RICE+) of fluid are scarce. Methods and analysis This is a single-center, evaluator-blinded randomized pilot trial to investigate postoperative swelling in adults requiring surgical fixation of a closed unilateral ankle fracture. A total of 50 patients will be recruited and randomly assigned to RICE or RICE+ prior to surgery. All patients will undergo evaluator-blinded measurements of the ankle volume the day before surgery and subsequently from the evening of the 2nd postoperative day every 24 h until discharge. RICE will be initiated right after surgery and continued until discharge from the hospital in all patients. Additional application of negative pressure therapy (RICE+) will be initiated on the morning of the 2nd postoperative day and repeated every 24 h until the time of discharge from the hospital. Outcome measures are (i) the relative amount and the time course of the postoperative swelling, (ii) the demand for analgesic therapy (type and amount) together with the perception of pain, (iii) the rate of complications, and (iv) mobility of the ankle joint and the recovery of walking abilities during a 12-weeks follow-up period. Serum and urine samples taken prior to sugery and during postoperative recovery will allow to evaluate the ratio of naturally occurring stable calcium isotopes (δ44/42Ca) as a marker of skeletal calcium accrual. Ethics and dissemination The protocol was approved by the institutional Ethics Committee (Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany) in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (approval number: A 2020-0092). The results of this study will be actively disseminated through scientific publications and conference presentations. Trial registration DRKS, DRKS00023739. Registered on 14 December 2020
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar-C Fischer
- Department of Pediatrics, Rostock University Medical Center, Ernst-Heydemann-Str. 8, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Axel Sckell
- Department of Traumatology, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Angelina Garkisch
- Department of Traumatology, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Klaus Dresing
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medicine Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Luzia Valentini
- Department of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Neubrandenburg Institute for Evidence-Based Dietetics (NIED), University of Applied Sciences Neubrandenburg, Neubrandenburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Mittlmeier
- Department of Traumatology, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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Bosch TJ, Groth C, Singh A. Resting-State Low-Frequency Cerebellar Oscillations Can Be Abnormal in Parkinson's Disease. Cerebellum 2021; 21:1139-1143. [PMID: 34755280 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent anatomical studies have shown connections between the basal ganglia and the cerebellum. The basal ganglia and cerebellum are major subcortical structures that influence motor and cognitive functions. Recent neuroimaging and animal studies have suggested the role of the cerebellum in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. However, the role of cerebellar oscillations in PD has not been studied. Here, we recruited 75 PD and 39 healthy control subjects to collect cerebellar EEG during a resting-state condition. We followed the recently published protocols to collect cerebellar oscillations. Relative spectral power was computed in the delta, theta, beta, and gamma frequency bands. Further, we performed classifier methods to differentiate PD subjects from controls. We observed significantly increased theta-band (4-7 Hz) relative power in the cerebellar electrodes in PD subjects compared to controls. We also found differences in different frequency bands between mid-cerebellar and nearby mid-occipital EEG signals. Classification analysis using mid-cerebellar theta relative power showed differentiation between PD and control groups. Our results demonstrate that in addition to established cortical and basal ganglia oscillations, abnormal cerebellar oscillations in the theta-band may also participate in the underlying pathophysiology of PD. We suggest that low-frequency cerebellar oscillations may be a potential target for non-invasive neuromodulation to improve PD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J Bosch
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark St., Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA.,Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | | | - Arun Singh
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark St., Vermillion, SD, 57069, USA. .,Center for Brain and Behavior Research, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA.
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Rumpel AS, Alievi MM, Jardim Filho JO, Rozo CAC, Schuster LAH, da Silva AV, Ferreira MP. Can the training regimen influence night time physical activity in racehorses? Vet Anim Sci 2021; 14:100208. [PMID: 34622089 PMCID: PMC8482476 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2021.100208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity has been widely investigated in horses to elucidate locomotion characteristics and behavior. However, research in real environment of training stables is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of training regimen on night time physical activity of racehorses. Physical activities of twenty animals were monitored during the night time using accelerometers. The animals were compared in terms of training regimen: horses subjected to training on continual days, and horses subjected to training on intermittent days; age and sex were also considered. The variables analyzed were: counts per minute, percentage of time in (sedentary, light, moderate and vigorous) physical activity. Statistical analysis was performed by the PROCGLM procedure (ANOVA) and the means were calculated by Tukey's test. The training regimen impacts the physical activity of thoroughbreds. The mean counts per minute showed a higher physical activity in the intermittent trained animals in relation with continuously trained animals. The continuously trained animals presented a greater percentage of time in sedentary physical activity than those intermittent trained. However, intermittently trained horses spent a larger percentage of time in moderate and vigorous physical activity, in comparison with continuously trained animals. In conclusion, racehorses subject to training on continual days have lower physical activity in the night time than those that train on intermittent days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aires Santana Rumpel
- Graduate Program in Animal Medicine: Equine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Department of Animal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Meller Alievi
- Graduate Program in Animal Medicine: Equine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Department of Animal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Cesar Augusto Camacho Rozo
- Graduate Program in Animal Medicine: Equine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Márcio Poletto Ferreira
- Department of Animal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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18
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Oh JH, Kim JY, Nam KP, Kang HD, Yeo JH. Immediate Changes and Recovery of the Supraspinatus, Long Head Biceps Tendon, and Range of Motion after Pitching in Youth Baseball Players: How Much Rest Is Needed after Pitching? Sonoelastography on the Supraspinatus Muscle-Tendon and Biceps Long Head Tendon. Clin Orthop Surg 2021; 13:385-394. [PMID: 34484632 PMCID: PMC8380532 DOI: 10.4055/cios20187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Backgroud Baseball players are subjected to repeated loads on the supraspinatus and long head biceps tendon from youth, and repetitive pitching motions can cause shoulder injuries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the immediate changes caused by pitching in the supraspinatus muscle-tendon, long head of the bicep tendon (LHBT), and shoulder range of motion (ROM) and to verify their recovery over time in youth baseball players. Methods Fifteen youth baseball players (mean age, 11.5 ± 1.3 years) were enrolled. The thicknesses of the supraspinatus tendon and LHBT and the strain ratios (SRs) of supraspinatus muscle and tendon were measured by sonoelastography. ROMs of shoulder joints (abduction, external rotation at 90° of abduction [ABER], and internal rotations at 90° of abduction [ABIR]) and horizontal adduction (HA) were measured using a goniometer. All measurements were performed on the throwing shoulders before and immediately after pitching (mean pitch count, 78.3 ± 13.3) and at 30 minutes, 24 hours, and 72 hours after pitching. Results The thickness of supraspinatus tendon (6.64–6.27 mm, p = 0.026) and that of LHBT (2.56–2.26 mm, p = 0.021) significantly decreased immediately after pitching. The SRs of supraspinatus muscle tended to decrease, whereas SRs of supraspinatus tendon tended to increase immediately after pitching. ABER increased (119.7°–127.3°, p = 0.001) and HA decreased (34.7°–29.3°, p = 0.023) immediately after pitching. All immediate changes recovered 72 hours after pitching. Conclusions The immediate effects of pitching on the supraspinatus muscle-tendon, LHBT, and shoulder ROM in youth baseball players were confirmed in the current study. These changes were recovered to pre-pitch levels 72 hours after pitching. Therefore, we recommend that youth baseball players should rest for three days after pitching to minimize the risk of shoulder injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Han Oh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Joon Yub Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeson Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Kyoung Pyo Nam
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeson Hospital, Bucheon, Korea
| | | | - Ji Hyun Yeo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
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Sweeney-Reed CM, Buentjen L, Voges J, Schmitt FC, Zaehle T, Kam JWY, Kaufmann J, Heinze HJ, Hinrichs H, Knight RT, Rugg MD. The role of the anterior nuclei of the thalamus in human memory processing. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 126:146-158. [PMID: 33737103 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Extensive neuroanatomical connectivity between the anterior thalamic nuclei (ATN) and hippocampus and neocortex renders them well-placed for a role in memory processing, and animal, lesion, and neuroimaging studies support such a notion. The deep location and small size of the ATN have precluded their real-time electrophysiological investigation during human memory processing. However, ATN electrophysiological recordings from patients receiving electrodes implanted for deep brain stimulation for pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy have enabled high temporal resolution study of ATN activity. Theta frequency synchronization of ATN and neocortical oscillations during successful memory encoding, enhanced phase alignment, and coupling between ATN local gamma frequency activity and frontal neocortical and ATN theta oscillations provide evidence of an active role for the ATN in memory encoding, potentially integrating information from widespread neocortical sources. Greater coupling of a broader gamma frequency range with theta oscillations at rest than during memory encoding provides additional support for the hypothesis that the ATN play a role in selecting local, task-relevant high frequency activity associated with particular features of a memory trace.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Sweeney-Reed
- Neurocybernetics and Rehabilitation, Dept. of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Straße 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany; Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Lars Buentjen
- Dept. of Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Voges
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Dept. of Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Tino Zaehle
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Julia W Y Kam
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jörn Kaufmann
- Dept. of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jochen Heinze
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Dept. of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Hinrichs
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Dept. of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany; Dept. of Behavioral Neurology, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Robert T Knight
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California - Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael D Rugg
- Center for Vital Longevity and School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA
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Cellini N, Mercurio M, Vanzetti V, Bergamo D, Sarlo M. Comparing the effect of daytime sleep and wakefulness on mnemonic discrimination. Physiol Behav 2020; 224:113078. [PMID: 32679133 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is considered the optimal state to consolidate hippocampal-dependent memories. A particular memory process is mnemonic discrimination. Mnemonic discrimination refers to the ability to differentiate between novel and previously encountered information. Previous studies have found that mnemonic discrimination is impaired by sleep deprivation, whereas nocturnal sleep seems to protect memory representations when compared to a similar period of wakefulness. In this study we tested whether a daytime nap can facilitate mnemonic discrimination as assessed by the Mnemonic Similarity Task. Thirty-eight participants performed incidental learning of 256 images of unique everyday items at about 12:00 PM. Fifteen minutes later, in a recognition test, they were presented with 192 images: 64 targets (Old), 64 foils (New) and 64 lures (Similar to targets). For each image they had to decide whether it was already presented, never presented, or similar to an image presented during the encoding session. Then participants were split into a Nap group (N=19), who had a 90-min nap opportunity in the lab, and a Wake group (N=19), who stayed in the lab playing a low-arousing game. At 3:00 PM all participants performed a delayed recognition test, similar to the immediate test but with different images. Similar memory discrimination was observed in both the Nap and Wake group. The lack of a beneficial effect of sleep could be due to the differences between diurnal and nocturnal sleep and/or the potential role of videogames in facilitating memory discrimination during wakefulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Cellini
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padova, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy; Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Via Giuseppe Orus 2, 35131, Padova, Italy; Human Inspired Technology Center, University of Padova, Via Luzzatti 4, 35121, Padova, Italy.
| | - Marco Mercurio
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Vanzetti
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Damiana Bergamo
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Michela Sarlo
- Department of Communication Sciences, Humanities and International Studies, University of Urbino, Urbino Via Saffi 15, 61029, Urbino, Italy.
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Francés C, Boix E, Fajardo MT, Gómez-García JM. Serial prolactin sampling as a confirmatory test for true hyperprolactinemia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 67:525-529. [PMID: 32113859 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperprolactinemia may be due to physiological or pathological causes, and may be asymptomatic or induce hypogonadism, infertility, and/or galactorrhea. It is important to take prolactin samples while avoiding stress, as this may increase prolactin levels. Therefore, our aim was to assess the value of prolactin serial sampling after brachial vein cannulation. PATIENTS AND METHODS Sixty-six patients (34.9±11.8 years of age, 92.4% female) with an initial elevated random prolactin level were included. A prolactin sample was drawn at baseline and after a 30min rest. RESULTS The median referral prolactin level was 37.4ng/ml (interquartile range [IQR* 23.3), the baseline prolactin level at serial sampling was 19.5ng/ml (IQR 8), and the value after a 30min rest was 17.1ng/ml (IQR 7.9). Hyperprolactinemia was not confirmed by serial sampling in 45 patients (68.2%). There were no statistically significant differences in referral prolactin levels between patients with and without confirmed hyperprolactinemia (41.2ng/ml and 36.7ng/ml respectively, p=0.3). Galactorrhea was found in 13.6% of patients, amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea in 28.8%, infertility in 7.6%, erectile dysfunction in 4.6%, and gynecomastia in 3%, while 45.5% were asymptomatic. There were no statistical differences regarding the presence or absence of any of these symptoms and subsequent confirmed hyperprolactinemia. Fifty-seven patients (86.4%) were discharged after the results of the prolactin serial sampling were obtained. CONCLUSIONS Prolactin serial sampling may be a useful test to detect artefactual hyperprolactinemias, thus avoiding unnecessary additional tests and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Francés
- Endocrinology and Nutrition, Internal Medicine Department, University General Hospital of Elche, Elche, Spain.
| | - Evangelina Boix
- Endocrinology and Nutrition, Internal Medicine Department, University General Hospital of Elche, Elche, Spain; Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Elche, Spain
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Lurie DJ, Kessler D, Bassett DS, Betzel RF, Breakspear M, Kheilholz S, Kucyi A, Liégeois R, Lindquist MA, McIntosh AR, Poldrack RA, Shine JM, Thompson WH, Bielczyk NZ, Douw L, Kraft D, Miller RL, Muthuraman M, Pasquini L, Razi A, Vidaurre D, Xie H, Calhoun VD. Questions and controversies in the study of time-varying functional connectivity in resting fMRI. Netw Neurosci 2020; 4:30-69. [PMID: 32043043 PMCID: PMC7006871 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is a complex, multiscale dynamical system composed of many interacting regions. Knowledge of the spatiotemporal organization of these interactions is critical for establishing a solid understanding of the brain's functional architecture and the relationship between neural dynamics and cognition in health and disease. The possibility of studying these dynamics through careful analysis of neuroimaging data has catalyzed substantial interest in methods that estimate time-resolved fluctuations in functional connectivity (often referred to as "dynamic" or time-varying functional connectivity; TVFC). At the same time, debates have emerged regarding the application of TVFC analyses to resting fMRI data, and about the statistical validity, physiological origins, and cognitive and behavioral relevance of resting TVFC. These and other unresolved issues complicate interpretation of resting TVFC findings and limit the insights that can be gained from this promising new research area. This article brings together scientists with a variety of perspectives on resting TVFC to review the current literature in light of these issues. We introduce core concepts, define key terms, summarize controversies and open questions, and present a forward-looking perspective on how resting TVFC analyses can be rigorously and productively applied to investigate a wide range of questions in cognitive and systems neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Lurie
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Kessler
- Departments of Statistics and Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Danielle S. Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, College of Arts & Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Electrical & Systems Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard F. Betzel
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael Breakspear
- University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shella Kheilholz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aaron Kucyi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA
| | - Raphaël Liégeois
- Institute of Bioengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Anthony Randal McIntosh
- Rotman Research Institute - Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - James M. Shine
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - William Hedley Thompson
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Linda Douw
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dominik Kraft
- Department of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Muthuraman Muthuraman
- Biomedical Statistics and Multimodal Signal Processing Unit, Movement Disorders and Neurostimulation, Department of Neurology, Focus Program Translational Neuroscience, Johannes-Gutenberg-University Hospital, Mainz, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Pasquini
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Adeel Razi
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Electronic Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Diego Vidaurre
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hua Xie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Tri-institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS), Georgia State, Georgia Tech, Emory, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Afshari D, Moradi S, Ahmadi Angali K, Shirali GA. Estimation of Heat Stress and Maximum Acceptable Work Time Based on Physiological and Environmental Response in Hot-Dry Climate: A Case Study in Traditional Bakers. Int J Occup Environ Med 2019; 10:194-202. [PMID: 31586384 PMCID: PMC6820310 DOI: 10.15171/ijoem.2019.1582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Heat stress is common among workers in hot-dry areas. To take preventive strategies for the protection of workers against heat stress, it is important to choose a suitable index that can accurately explain environmental parameters relative to physiological responses.
Objective: To evaluate heat stress and maximum acceptable work time (MAWT) based on physiological and environmental response in hot-dry climate among traditional bakers. Methods: The current study was carried out on 30 traditional bakers of 3 different bread baking systems in Ahvaz, Iran. Environmental and physiological parameters were measured simultaneously for a work shift. The work-rest time was also determined based on the relative heart rate (RHR) and the wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index. Results: The average WBGT index was estimated to be higher than the standard limit for all baking stations. Despite the higher-than-the-recommended-limit WBGT index, there was no significant relationship between the WBGT index and physiological parameters. The results indicated a significant (p<0.05) difference between the percentages of work-rest time estimated using the WBGT and RHR index. Conclusion: Based on the results of environmental and physiological monitoring of this study as well as the limitations of the use of the WBGT index, it seems that using WBGT as a standard index would not suit heat stress management in hot-dry climates. A revision of this standard to adapt to hot climatic conditions should be in order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Afshari
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Saeid Moradi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Kambiz Ahmadi Angali
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Gholam-Abbas Shirali
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Solís Antúnez I. [Experience of "Descansos activos mediante ejercicio (¡Dame 10!)" program implementation in high school.]. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2019; 93:e201911087. [PMID: 31708573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several studies show the benefits of physical activity-based breaks programs for Pre-school and Elementary School students and their effectiveness to increase the amount of physical activity done during school hours. However, these programs are not intended for High School students. The objective of this study was to implement "¡Dame10!" program with a High School group of students and to assess the results. METHODS "¡Dame 10!" activities were designed and enforced at first High School grade during four weeks at a private school of Preschool, Primary and Secondary Education located in San Cristóbal de la Laguna. 54 students and 9 teachers took part. Several surveys were fulfilled to determine participants' assessment about programs' benefits and opinion through the QuickTapSurvey® web application, from which the results were obtained automatically in the form of percentages. RESULTS The number of participants' physical activity during school hours increased by 50%. 75.8% of the students felt more active, 58.5% more motivated and 51% showed a better attitude after the activities. 87.5% of teachers considered possible the daily implementation of "¡Dame 10!". CONCLUSIONS "¡Dame 10!" was effective to increase the amount of physical activity students do during class schedule and provided additional benefits related to attitude and behaviour in the classroom. Likewise, both teachers and students considered possible its application in High School.
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Elsner B, Schweder S, Mehrholz J. Immediate effects of rest periods on balance control in patients after stroke. A randomized controlled pilot trial. BMC Res Notes 2018; 11:338. [PMID: 29793516 PMCID: PMC5968623 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3450-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This randomized controlled trial evaluates the effects of two different rest periods between as set of balance exercises after stroke during inpatient rehabilitation. Results Twenty patients after stroke [11 males; mean (SD) age 65.4 (11.5) years; duration of illness 5.3 (3.4) weeks; 16 (80%) left-sided strokes] were randomly allocated into two groups of either a full rest (FR) of 4 min (n = 10) or a short rest (SR) of 1 min between exercise sets (n = 10). Patients improved from baseline until immediately after exercises in one-leg standing time on the affected leg [SR: mean difference 5.1 s (SD 10.3) and FR: 2.0 s (2.4)] and tandem standing time (TST). [SR: 14.9 s (SD 24.6) and FR: 5.7 s (12.0)], but OLST and TST did not differ significantly between groups (p = 0.35 and p = 0.52, respectively). Trial registration The study was registered retrospectively in the German Register of Clinical Trials with the ID: DRKS00013979 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3450-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Elsner
- Department of Public Health, Medical School, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,SRH Hochschule Gera, Gera, Germany
| | | | - Jan Mehrholz
- Department of Public Health, Medical School, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany. .,Wissenschaftliches Institut, Private Europäische Medizinische Akademie der Klinik Bavaria in Kreischa GmbH, An der Wolfsschlucht 1-2, 01731, Kreischa, Germany.
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Lokossou A, Balédent O, Garnotel S, Page G, Balardy L, Czosnyka Z, Payoux P, Schmidt EA. ICP Monitoring and Phase-Contrast MRI to Investigate Intracranial Compliance. Acta Neurochir Suppl 2018; 126:247-253. [PMID: 29492570 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-65798-1_50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The amplitude of intracranial pressure (ICP) can be measured by ICP monitoring. Phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PCMRI) can quantify blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flows. The aim of this work was to investigate intracranial compliance at rest by combining baseline ICP monitoring and PCMRI in hydrocephalus patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS ICP monitoring was performed before infusion testing to quantify ΔICP_rest at the basal condition in 33 suspected hydrocephalus patients (74 years). The day before, patients had had a PCMRI to assess total cerebral blood flow (tCBF), intracranial blood volume change (stroke volume SVblood), and cervical CSF volume change (the stroke volume CSV). Global (blood and CSF) intracranial volume change (ΔIVC) during each cardiac cycle (CC) was calculated. Finally, Compliance: C_rest = ΔIVC/ΔICP_rest was calculated. The data set was postprocessed by two operators according to blind analysis. RESULTS Bland-Altman plots showed that measurements presented no significant difference between the two operators. ΔICP_rest = 2.41 ± 1.21 mmHg, tCBF = 469.89 ± 127.54 mL/min, SVblood = 0.82 ± 0.32 mL/cc, CSV = 0.50 ± 0.22 mL/cc, ΔIVC = 0.44 ± 0.22 mL, and C_rest = 0.23 ± 0.15 mL/mmHg. There are significant relations between SVblood and CSV and also SVblood and tCBF. CONCLUSIONS During "basal" condition, the compliance amplitude of the intracranial compartment is heterogeneous in suspected hydrocephalus patients, and its value is lower than expected! This new parameter could represent new information, complementary to conventional infusion tests. We hope that this information can be applied to improve the selection of patients for shunt surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lokossou
- Research team BioFlowImage, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France.
- Department of Medical Image Processing, University Hospital of Picardie, Amiens, France.
| | - O Balédent
- Research team BioFlowImage, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Department of Medical Image Processing, University Hospital of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - S Garnotel
- Research team BioFlowImage, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Department of Medical Image Processing, University Hospital of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - G Page
- Research team BioFlowImage, University of Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
- Department of Medical Image Processing, University Hospital of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - L Balardy
- Department of Geriatric, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Z Czosnyka
- Neurosciences Department, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - P Payoux
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - E A Schmidt
- UMR 1214-INSERM/UPS-TONIC Toulouse Neuro-Imaging Center, Toulouse, France
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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Balasundaram AP, Schneiders AG, Sullivan SJ. Rest and return-to-sport recommendations following sport-related concussion (PEDro synthesis). Br J Sports Med 2017; 52:616-617. [PMID: 29269488 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Prasad Balasundaram
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anthony G Schneiders
- School of Human, Health and Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Branyan, Queensland, Australia
| | - S John Sullivan
- Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, School of Physiotherapy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Stephen JM, Flynn L, Kabella D, Schendel M, Cano S, Savage DD, Rayburn W, Leeman LM, Lowe J, Bakhireva LN. Hypersynchrony in MEG spectral amplitude in prospectively-identified 6-month-old infants prenatally exposed to alcohol. Neuroimage Clin 2017. [PMID: 29527487 PMCID: PMC5842663 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Early identification of children who experience developmental delays due to prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) remains a challenge for individuals who do not exhibit facial dysmorphia. It is well-established that children with PAE may still exhibit the cognitive and behavioral difficulties, and individuals without facial dysmorphia make up the majority of individuals affected by PAE. This study employed a prospective cohort design to capture alcohol consumption patterns during pregnancy and then followed the infants to 6 months of age. Infants were assessed using magnetoencephalography to capture neurophysiological indicators of brain development and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-III to measure behavioral development. To account for socioeconomic and family environmental factors, we employed a two-by-two design with pregnant women who were or were not using opioid maintenance therapy (OMT) and did or did not consume alcohol during pregnancy. Based on prior studies, we hypothesized that infants with PAE would exhibit broad increased spectral amplitude relative to non-PAE infants. We also hypothesized that the developmental shift from low to high frequency spectral amplitude would be delayed in infants with PAE relative to controls. Our results demonstrated broadband increased spectral amplitude, interpreted as hypersynchrony, in PAE infants with no significant interaction with OMT. Unlike prior EEG studies in neonates, our results indicate that this hypersynchrony was highly lateralized to left hemisphere and primarily focused in temporal/lateral frontal regions. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between estimated number of drinks consumed during pregnancy and spectral amplitude revealing a dose-response effect of increased hypersynchrony corresponding to greater alcohol consumption. Contrary to our second hypothesis, we did not see a significant group difference in the contribution of low frequency to high frequency amplitude at 6 months of age. These results provide new evidence that hypersynchrony, previously observed in neonates prenatally exposed to high levels of alcohol, persists until 6 months of age and this measure is detectable with low to moderate exposure of alcohol with a dose-response effect. These results indicate that hypersynchrony may provide a sensitive early marker of prenatal alcohol exposure in infants up to 6 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Stephen
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
| | - Lucinda Flynn
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Danielle Kabella
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Megan Schendel
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Sandra Cano
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Daniel D Savage
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - William Rayburn
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Lawrence M Leeman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jean Lowe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ludmila N Bakhireva
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Fernandez MM, González-Castro A, Magret M, Bouza MT, Ibañez M, García C, Balerdi B, Mas A, Arauzo V, Añón JM, Ruiz F, Ferreres J, Tomás R, Alabert M, Tizón AI, Altaba S, Llamas N, Fernandez R. Reconnection to mechanical ventilation for 1 h after a successful spontaneous breathing trial reduces reintubation in critically ill patients: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Med 2017; 43:1660-1667. [PMID: 28936675 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-017-4911-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spontaneous breathing trials (SBT) can be exhausting, but the preventive role of rest has never been studied. This study aimed to evaluate whether reconnection to mechanical ventilation (MV) for 1 h after the effort of a successful SBT could reduce the need for reintubation in critically ill patients. METHODS Randomized multicenter trial conducted in 17 Spanish medical-surgical intensive care units (Oct 2013-Jan 2015). Patients under MV for longer than 12 h who fulfilled criteria for planned extubation were randomly allocated after a successful SBT to direct extubation (control group) or reconnection to the ventilator for a 1-h rest before extubation (rest group). The primary outcome was reintubation within 48 h. Analysis was by intention to treat. RESULTS We recruited 243 patients randomized to the control group and 227 to the rest group. Median time from intubation to SBT did not differ between groups [5.5 (2.7, 9.6) days in the control group vs. 5.7 (2.7, 10.6) in the rest group; p = 0.85]. Reintubation within 48 h after extubation was more common in the control than in the rest group [35 (14%) vs. 12 (5%) patients; OR 0.33; 95% CI 0.16-0.65; p < 0.001]. A multivariable regression model demonstrated that the variables independently associated with reintubation were rest [OR 0.34 (95%CI 0.17-0.68)], APACHE II [OR 1.04 (1.002-1.077)], and days of MV before SBT [OR 1.04 (1.001-1.073)], whereas age, reason for admission, and type and duration of SBT were not. CONCLUSION One-hour rest after a successful SBT reduced the rates of reintubation within 48 h after extubation in critically ill patients. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT01915563.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mar Fernandez
- Department of Intensive Care, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Universitat de Barcelona, Terrassa, Spain.
| | | | - Monica Magret
- Department of Intensive Care, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Teresa Bouza
- Department of Intensive Care, Hospital de A Coruña, Coruña, Spain
| | - Marcos Ibañez
- Department of Intensive Care, Hospital Verge de la Cinta de Tortosa, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carolina García
- Department of Intensive Care, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Begoña Balerdi
- Department of Intensive Care, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Arantxa Mas
- Department of Intensive Care, Consorci Sanitari Integral Moisés Broggi, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanesa Arauzo
- Department of Intensive Care, Consorci Hospitalari de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain
| | - José M Añón
- Department of Intensive Care, Hospital Universitario La Paz-Carlos III. IdiPAZ. CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Ruiz
- Department of Intensive Care, Hospital Médico-quirúrgico de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - José Ferreres
- Department of Intensive Care, Hospital Clínico de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Roser Tomás
- Department of Intensive Care, Hospital General de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Alabert
- Department of Intensive Care, Hospital General de Vic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Tizón
- Department of Intensive Care, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Ourense, Ourense, Spain
| | - Susana Altaba
- Department of Intensive Care, Hospital General Universitario de Castellón, Castellón, Spain
| | - Noemi Llamas
- Department of Intensive Care, Hospital Universitario Rafael Méndez, Lorca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Rafael Fernandez
- Department of Intensive Care, Hospital Sant Joan de Dèu -Fundació Althaia, CIBERES, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Manresa, Spain
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Buckner SB, Bacon NT, Bishop PA. Recovery in Level 7-10 Women's USA Artistic Gymnastics. Int J Exerc Sci 2017; 10:734-42. [PMID: 28966711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed physical performance in women's artistic gymnastics following three variable recovery periods. Participants included fifteen female gymnasts (mean age = 13.5 ± 1.1) who had competed at USA Gymnastics (USAG) levels 7 - 10 within at least one year prior to the study. Each testing session consisted of a warm-up followed by four muscular endurance tests and one explosive maximal test. Assessments included pull-ups, leg lifts, handstand push-ups, vertical jump, and push-ups. After the performance assessments, the participants completed a typical practice session. The performance measures were reassessed at the beginning of each of the recovery periods of 24, 48, and 72 hours in a counterbalanced design. Performance assessments were converted into Z-scores and then averaged for a composite session Z-score. The composite session Z-scores were compared to evaluate the recovery duration. Composite Z's were significantly lower (p=0.000), after the 24 (z=-1.10) and the 48 hour (z=-0.71) recovery periods compared to baseline (z=0.00). However, there was no difference in scores (p=1.00) between the baseline and 72 hours (z=0.004) recovery. Full recovery required 72 hours under the conditions of this study.
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31
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Wendsche J, Ghadiri A, Bengsch A, Wegge J. Antecedents and outcomes of nurses' rest break organization: A scoping review. Int J Nurs Stud 2017; 75:65-80. [PMID: 28750245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To prevent an accumulation of strain during work and to reduce error risk, many countries have made rest breaks mandatory. In the nursing literature, insufficient rest break organization is often reported. However, the outcomes of nurses' rest break organization and its anteceding factors are less clear. DATA SOURCES We searched for academic literature on nurses' rest break organization in electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, PsycArticles, PsycINFO, CINAHL). REVIEW METHODS Our search yielded 93 potentially relevant articles published between 01/1990 and 04/2016. The final sample in our scoping review consisted of 36 publications and included data from 35 independent and international study samples and two reviews. RESULTS Several studies reported a high prevalence of missed, interrupted, or delayed rest breaks in nursing. Nurses' rest breaks often related to better physical and mental well-being but did not affect motivational outcomes and performance systematically. Results on the effects of napping breaks were inconsistent. Rest break activities and high quality rest break areas are further factors that relieve nurses from job demands and can be helpful in coping with them. Several study results indicated that temporal and quantitative work demands, job resources, and individual characteristics influence rest break organization. However, most of these findings stem from studies that do not allow causal conclusions to be drawn. CONCLUSIONS Well-designed rest breaks influence nurses' occupational well-being and behavior positively. However, the mechanisms and moderating break-, work-, and person-related factors involved in producing these effects are not well understood today. Thus, further theory building and stronger empirical data are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Wendsche
- Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Argang Ghadiri
- Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, St. Augustin, Germany
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Johnson M, Deardorff J, Davis EL, Martinez W, Eskenazi B, Alkon A. The relationship between maternal responsivity, socioeconomic status, and resting autonomic nervous system functioning in Mexican American children. Int J Psychophysiol 2017; 116:45-52. [PMID: 28238817 PMCID: PMC5446802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Adversity, such as living in poor socioeconomic conditions during early childhood, can become embedded in children's physiology and deleteriously affect their health later in life. On the other hand, maternal responsivity may have adaptive effects on physiology during early childhood development. The current study tested both the additive and interactive effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and maternal responsivity measured at 1year of age on resting autonomic nervous system (ANS) function and trajectory during the first 5years of life. Participants came from a birth cohort comprised of Mexican-origin families living in California. Children's resting ANS functioning (respiratory sinus arrhythmia; RSA; pre-ejection period; PEP; and heart rate; HR) was collected at 1, 3.5, and 5years of age (N=336) and modeled across time using Hierarchical Linear Modeling. Consistent with hypotheses, results showed that low SES predicted flatter trajectories of resting HR and PEP over early childhood (i.e., patterns of consistently higher heart rate; shorter PEP), whereas children who experienced positive maternal responsivity had steeper trajectories in RSA and PEP over time (i.e., increasing parasympathetic activation; decreasing sympathetic activation). The interaction between SES and maternal responsivity significantly predicted RSA intercept at age 5, such that among children living in low SES environments, high maternal responsivity mitigated the negative effect of poverty and predicted higher resting RSA at 5years of age. Results are consistent with the early life programming theory that suggests that environmental influences become biologically embedded in the physiology of children living in socially disadvantaged contexts, and identify increased maternal responsivity as a developmental mechanism that could offset the deleterious effects of low SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Johnson
- University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94704, United States.
| | - Julianna Deardorff
- University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94704, United States.
| | - Elizabeth L Davis
- University of California, Riverside, Department of Psychology, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, United States.
| | - William Martinez
- University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94704, United States.
| | - Brenda Eskenazi
- University of California, Berkeley School of Public Health, Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), 1995 University Avenue, Suite 265, Berkeley, CA 94704, United States.
| | - Abbey Alkon
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) School of Nursing, San Francisco, 2 Koret Way, SF, CA 94143-0606, United States.
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Affenzeller N, Palme R, Zulch H. Playful activity post-learning improves training performance in Labrador Retriever dogs (Canis lupus familiaris). Physiol Behav 2017; 168:62-73. [PMID: 27777045 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Situations that are emotional and arousing have an effect on cognitive performance. It is thought that beta adrenergic activation and the release of stress hormones enhance memory consolidation and lead to an increase in memorability of emotional events. This beneficial effect has been shown in humans, non-human primates and rodents. Techniques which could enhance memory for learning specific tasks would be highly valuable, especially in dogs, which are extensively trained to aid humans. A pseudo-randomized, counterbalanced, between subject study designs was utilised and 16 Labrador Retrievers ranging from 1 to 9years of age were trained in a 2-choice discrimination paradigm. After task acquisition, either a playful activity intervention (N=8) or a resting period (N=8) took place, lasting for 30min. A range of factors including age, sex, training experience and trials to criterion on each day was subjected to a multiple factor/covariate General Linear Model analysis. The results show that playful activity post-learning improved training performance evidenced by fewer trials needed to re-learn the task 24h after initial acquisition (playful activity group: mean number of trials 26, SD 6; resting group: mean number of trials 43, SD 19, effect size 1.2). Average heart rate, as a measure of arousal, during the intervention was significantly higher in the playful activity group (143beats/min, SD 16) versus the resting group (86beats/min, SD 19, P<0.001). Salivary cortisol did not significantly differ between groups during training, however a significant decrease (T: -4.1 P<0.01) was seen after the playful activity. To our knowledge this is the first evidence that posttraining activity may influence training performance in dogs.
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Krieger-Redwood K, Jefferies E, Karapanagiotidis T, Seymour R, Nunes A, Ang JWA, Majernikova V, Mollo G, Smallwood J. Down but not out in posterior cingulate cortex: Deactivation yet functional coupling with prefrontal cortex during demanding semantic cognition. Neuroimage 2016; 141:366-377. [PMID: 27485753 PMCID: PMC5035136 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The posterior cingulate cortex (pCC) often deactivates during complex tasks, and at rest is often only weakly correlated with regions that play a general role in the control of cognition. These observations led to the hypothesis that pCC contributes to automatic aspects of memory retrieval and cognition. Recent work, however, has suggested that the pCC may support both automatic and controlled forms of memory processing and may do so by changing its communication with regions that are important in the control of cognition across multiple domains. The current study examined these alternative views by characterising the functional coupling of the pCC in easy semantic decisions (based on strong global associations) and in harder semantic tasks (matching words on the basis of specific non-dominant features). Increasingly difficult semantic decisions led to the expected pattern of deactivation in the pCC; however, psychophysiological interaction analysis revealed that, under these conditions, the pCC exhibited greater connectivity with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), relative to both easier semantic decisions and to a period of rest. In a second experiment using different participants, we found that functional coupling at rest between the pCC and the same region of dorsolateral PFC was stronger for participants who were more efficient at semantic tasks when assessed in a subsequent laboratory session. Thus, although overall levels of activity in the pCC are reduced during external tasks, this region may show greater coupling with executive control regions when information is retrieved from memory in a goal-directed manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Krieger-Redwood
- Department of Psychology/York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom.
| | - Elizabeth Jefferies
- Department of Psychology/York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Robert Seymour
- Department of Psychology/York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Adonany Nunes
- Department of Psychology/York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Jit Wei Aaron Ang
- Department of Psychology/York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Vierra Majernikova
- Department of Psychology/York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanna Mollo
- Department of Psychology/York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Smallwood
- Department of Psychology/York Neuroimaging Centre, University of York, Heslington, York, United Kingdom
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Khoshmohabat H. National Getaways for the Weary Trauma Surgeon; Part 6: Chal Nakhjir, a Living 7-Million-Year-Old Cave! Trauma Mon 2016; 21:e37007. [PMID: 27218063 PMCID: PMC4869422 DOI: 10.5812/traumamon.37007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Khoshmohabat
- Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Hadi Khoshmohabat, Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran, E-mail:
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DiGangi JA, Tadayyon A, Fitzgerald DA, Rabinak CA, Kennedy A, Klumpp H, Rauch SAM, Phan KL. Reduced default mode network connectivity following combat trauma. Neurosci Lett 2016; 615:37-43. [PMID: 26797653 PMCID: PMC4810776 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies show decreased functional connectivity in the default mode network (DMN) in PTSD; however, few have directly examined combat trauma specifically. There is limited understanding of how combat itself may affect the DMN. Some literature suggests that trauma exposure, rather than PTSD, can disrupt the DMN. To further elucidate the effect of trauma and PTSD on the DMN, we investigated DMN functional connectivity during the resting-state in veterans with PTSD, combat-exposed controls, and never-traumatized healthy controls. Results revealed that DMN connectivity was reduced in veterans exposed to combat trauma with and without PTSD compared to healthy civilian controls. Specifically, both groups of veterans demonstrated weaker connectivity within a network involving the precuneus, medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and right superior parietal lobule regardless of whether the mPFC or precuneus was chosen as a seed region. Findings suggest that the experience of trauma, rather than the pathology of PTSD, may be related to DMN changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A DiGangi
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown Veterans Administration Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Armin Tadayyon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Daniel A Fitzgerald
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown Veterans Administration Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christine A Rabinak
- Departments of Pharmacy Practice, Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurosciences, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and the Translational Neuroscience Program, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Amy Kennedy
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown Veterans Administration Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Heide Klumpp
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sheila A M Rauch
- Emory University, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Atlanta, GA, USA; Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - K Luan Phan
- Mental Health Service Line, Jesse Brown Veterans Administration Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology and the Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Pawlak-Chaouch M, Boissière J, Gamelin FX, Cuvelier G, Berthoin S, Aucouturier J. Effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on metabolic rate during rest and exercise in human: A systematic review and a meta-analysis. Nitric Oxide 2016; 53:65-76. [PMID: 26772523 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent randomized controlled trials have suggested that dietary nitrate (NO3(-)), found in beetroot and other vegetables, and inorganic NO3(-) salts decrease metabolic rate under resting and exercise conditions. OBJECTIVE Our aim was therefore to determine from a systematic review and meta-analysis whether dietary NO3(-) supplementation significantly reduces metabolic rate, expressed as oxygen uptake (VO2), under resting and exercise conditions in healthy humans and those with cardiorespiratory diseases. DESIGN A systematic article search was performed on electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science) from February to March 2015. The inclusion criteria included 1) randomized controlled trials; 2) studies reporting the effect of NO3(-) on VO2 under resting and/or exercise conditions; 3) comparison between dietary NO3(-) supplementation and placebo. Random-effects models were used to calculate the pooled effect size. RESULTS Twenty nine randomized placebo-controlled trials were included in the systematic review, and 26 of which were included in the meta-analysis. Dietary NO3(-) supplementation significantly decreases VO2 during submaximal intensity exercise [-0.26 (95% IC: -0.38, -0.15), p < 0.01], but not in the sub-analysis of subjects with chronic diseases [-0.09 (95% IC: -0.50, 0.32), p = 0.67]. When data were separately analyzed by submaximal intensity domains, NO3(-) supplementation reduces VO2 during moderate [-0.29 (95% IC: -0.48,-0.10), p < 0.01] and heavy [-0.33 (95% IC: -0.54,-0.12), p < 0.01] intensity exercise. When the studies with the largest effects were excluded from the meta-analysis, there is a trend for a VO2 decrease under resting condition in dietary NO3(-) supplementation [-0.28 (95% IC: -0.62, 0.05), p = 0.10]. CONCLUSION Dietary NO3(-) supplementation decreases VO2 during exercise performed in the moderate and heavy intensity domains in healthy subjects. The present meta-analysis did not show any significant effect of dietary NO3(-) supplementation on metabolic rate in subjects with chronic diseases, despite enhanced exercise tolerance.
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Bellana B, Liu Z, Anderson JAE, Moscovitch M, Grady CL. Laterality effects in functional connectivity of the angular gyrus during rest and episodic retrieval. Neuropsychologia 2016; 80:24-34. [PMID: 26559474 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The angular gyrus (AG) is consistently reported in neuroimaging studies of episodic memory retrieval and is a fundamental node within the default mode network (DMN). Its specific contribution to episodic memory is debated, with some suggesting it is important for the subjective experience of episodic recollection, rather than retrieval of objective episodic details. Across studies of episodic retrieval, the left AG is recruited more reliably than the right. We explored functional connectivity of the right and left AG with the DMN during rest and retrieval to assess whether connectivity could provide insight into the nature of this laterality effect. METHODS Using data from the publically available 1000 Functional Connectome Project, 8min of resting fMRI data from 180 healthy young adults were analysed. Whole-brain functional connectivity at rest was measured using a seed-based Partial Least Squares (seed-PLS) approach (McIntosh and Lobaugh, 2004) with bilateral AG seeds. A subsequent analysis used 6-min of rest and 6-min of unconstrained, silent retrieval of autobiographical events from a new sample of 20 younger adults. Analysis of this dataset took a more targeted approach to functional connectivity analysis, consisting of univariate pairwise correlations restricted to nodes of the DMN. RESULTS The seed-PLS analysis resulted in two Latent Variables that together explained ~86% of the shared cross-block covariance. The first LV revealed a common network consistent with the DMN and engaging the AG bilaterally, whereas the second LV revealed a less robust, yet significant, laterality effect in connectivity - the left AG was more strongly connected to the DMN. Univariate analyses of the second sample again revealed better connectivity between the left AG and the DMN at rest. However, during retrieval the left AG was more strongly connected than the right to non-medial temporal (MTL) nodes of the DMN, and MTL nodes were more strongly connected to the right AG. DISCUSSION The multivariate analysis of resting connectivity revealed that the left and right AG show similar connectivity with the DMN. Only after accounting for this commonality were we able to detect a left laterality effect in DMN connectivity. Further probing with univariate connectivity analyses during retrieval demonstrates that the left preference we observe is restricted to the non-MTL regions of the DMN, whereas the right AG shows significantly better connectivity with the MTL. These data suggest bilateral involvement of the AG during retrieval, despite the focus on the left AG in the literature. Furthermore, the results suggest that the contribution of the left AG to retrieval may be separable from that of the MTL, consistent with a role for the left AG in the subjective aspects of recollection in memory, whereas the MTL and the right AG may contribute to objective recollection of specific memory details.
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Kodama T, Hikosaka K, Honda Y, Kojima T, Tsutsui KI, Watanabe M. Dopamine and glutamate release in the anterior default system during rest: A monkey microdialysis study. Behav Brain Res 2015; 294:194-7. [PMID: 26300451 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Human neuroimaging studies have demonstrated the presence of a default system in the brain, which shows a default mode of brain activity, i.e., greater activity during rest than during an attention-demanding cognitive task. Our previous study on monkeys has revealed a default mode of brain activity in medial cortical areas. We have observed an increase in dopamine (DA) release during a working memory (WM) task compared with that during rest in the monkey lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC). However, no previous study has examined DA release related to the default mode of brain activity. We used a microdialysis technique to investigate changes in DA release in the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), which constitutes the anterior default system, during the WM task and rest. Because DA and glutamate (Glu) release in the LPFC is interrelated, we also examined Glu release in the MPFC. We observed a significant increase in DA release, but no significant change in Glu release during rest compared with that during the WM task. We also observed an inhibitory relationship between the two transmitters in the MPFC. Considering that human default brain activity is related to internal thought processes and increased DA release in the LPFC plays an important role in executive control, increase in DA release during rest in the monkey anterior default system may be related to some form of internal thought process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Kodama
- Department of Physiological Psychology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Kazuo Hikosaka
- Department of Physiological Psychology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; Department of Sensory Science, Faculty of Health Science and Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, 288 Matsushima, Kurashiki 701-0193, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Honda
- Department of Physiological Psychology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Takashi Kojima
- Department of Physiological Psychology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Tsutsui
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Masataka Watanabe
- Department of Physiological Psychology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.
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Gruberger M, Levkovitz Y, Hendler T, Harel EV, Harari H, Ben Simon E, Sharon H, Zangen A. I think therefore I am: Rest-related prefrontal cortex neural activity is involved in generating the sense of self. Conscious Cogn 2015; 33:414-21. [PMID: 25778382 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2015.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The sense of self has always been a major focus in the psychophysical debate. It has been argued that this complex ongoing internal sense cannot be explained by any physical measure and therefore substantiates a mind-body differentiation. Recently, however, neuro-imaging studies have associated self-referential spontaneous thought, a core-element of the ongoing sense of self, with synchronous neural activations during rest in the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC), as well as the medial and lateral parietal cortices. By applying deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over human PFC before rest, we disrupted activity in this neural circuitry thereby inducing reports of lowered self-awareness and strong feelings of dissociation. This effect was not found with standard or sham TMS, or when stimulation was followed by a task instead of rest. These findings demonstrate for the first time a critical, causal role of intact rest-related PFC activity patterns in enabling integrated, enduring, self-referential mental processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gruberger
- The Emotion-Cognition Research Center, Shalvata Mental Health Center, P.O. Box 94, Hod-Hasharon 45100, Israel; Functional Brain Center, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6, Weizmann St., Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel; Department of Psychology, Tel-Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Y Levkovitz
- The Emotion-Cognition Research Center, Shalvata Mental Health Center, P.O. Box 94, Hod-Hasharon 45100, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - T Hendler
- Functional Brain Center, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6, Weizmann St., Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel; Department of Psychology, Tel-Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - E V Harel
- The Emotion-Cognition Research Center, Shalvata Mental Health Center, P.O. Box 94, Hod-Hasharon 45100, Israel; Functional Brain Center, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6, Weizmann St., Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel.
| | - H Harari
- The Emotion-Cognition Research Center, Shalvata Mental Health Center, P.O. Box 94, Hod-Hasharon 45100, Israel.
| | - E Ben Simon
- Functional Brain Center, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6, Weizmann St., Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - H Sharon
- Functional Brain Center, Wohl Institute for Advanced Imaging, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, 6, Weizmann St., Tel-Aviv 64239, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - A Zangen
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, P.O. Box 653, Beer-Sheba 84105, Israel.
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Love CE, Prince VE. Rest represses maturation within migrating facial branchiomotor neurons. Dev Biol 2015; 401:220-35. [PMID: 25769695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate brain arises from the complex organization of millions of neurons. Neurogenesis encompasses not only cell fate specification from neural stem cells, but also the terminal molecular and morphological maturation of neurons at correct positions within the brain. RE1-silencing transcription factor (Rest) is expressed in non-neural tissues and neuronal progenitors where it inhibits the terminal maturation of neurons by repressing hundreds of neuron-specific genes. Here we show that Rest repression of maturation is intimately linked with the migratory capability of zebrafish facial branchiomotor neurons (FBMNs), which undergo a characteristic tangential migration from hindbrain rhombomere (r) 4 to r6/r7 during development. We establish that FBMN migration is increasingly disrupted as Rest is depleted in zebrafish rest mutant embryos, such that around two-thirds of FBMNs fail to complete migration in mutants depleted of both maternal and zygotic Rest. Although Rest is broadly expressed, we show that de-repression or activation of Rest target genes only within FBMNs is sufficient to disrupt their migration. We demonstrate that this migration defect is due to precocious maturation of FBMNs, based on both morphological and molecular criteria. We further show that the Rest target gene and alternative splicing factor srrm4 is a key downstream regulator of maturation; Srrm4 knockdown partially restores the ability of FBMNs to migrate in rest mutants while preventing their precocious morphological maturation. Rest must localize to the nucleus to repress its targets, and its subcellular localization is highly regulated: we show that targeting Rest specifically to FBMN nuclei rescues FBMN migration in Rest-deficient embryos. We conclude that Rest functions in FBMN nuclei to inhibit maturation until the neurons complete their migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal E Love
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
| | - Victoria E Prince
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA; Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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Abstract
Our lives are structured by the daily alternation of activity and rest, of wake and sleep. Despite significant advances in circadian and sleep research, we still lack answers to many of the most fundamental questions about this conspicuous behavioral pattern. We strongly believe that investigating this pattern in entrained conditions, real-life and daily contexts-in situ-will help the field to elucidate some of these central questions. Here, we present two common approaches for in situ investigation of human activity and rest: the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire (MCTQ) and actimetry. In the first half of this chapter, we provide detailed instructions on how to use and interpret the MCTQ. In addition, we give an overview of the main insights gained with this instrument over the past 10 years, including some new findings on the interaction of light and age on sleep timing. In the second half of this chapter, we introduce the reader to the method of actimetry and share our experience in basic analysis techniques, including visualization, smoothing, and cosine model fitting of in situ recorded data. Additionally, we describe our new approach to automatically detect sleep from activity recordings. Our vision is that the broad use of such easy techniques in real-life settings combined with automated analyses will lead to the creation of large databases. The resulting power of big numbers will promote our understanding of such fundamental biological phenomena as sleep.
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Shanei A, Afshin M, Moslehi M, Rastaghi S. Estimation of Organ Activity using Four Different Methods of Background Correction in Conjugate View Method. J Med Signals Sens 2015; 5:253-8. [PMID: 26955568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
To make an accurate estimation of the uptake of radioactivity in an organ using the conjugate view method, corrections of physical factors, such as background activity, scatter, and attenuation are needed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of four different methods for background correction in activity quantification of the heart in myocardial perfusion scans. The organ activity was calculated using the conjugate view method. A number of 22 healthy volunteers were injected with 17-19 mCi of (99m)Tc-methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (MIBI) at rest or during exercise. Images were obtained by a dual-headed gamma camera. Four methods for background correction were applied: (1) Conventional correction (referred to as the Gates' method), (2) Buijs method, (3) BgdA subtraction, (4) BgdB subtraction. To evaluate the accuracy of these methods, the results of the calculations using the above-mentioned methods were compared with the reference results. The calculated uptake in the heart using conventional method, Buijs method, BgdA subtraction, and BgdB subtraction methods was 1.4 ± 0.7% (P < 0.05), 2.6 ± 0.6% (P < 0.05), 1.3 ± 0.5% (P < 0.05), and 0.8 ± 0.3% (P < 0.05) of injected dose (I.D) at rest and 1.8 ± 0.6% (P > 0.05), 3.1 ± 0.8% (P > 0.05), 1.9 ± 0.8% (P < 0.05), and 1.2 ± 0.5% (P < 0.05) of I.D, during exercise. The mean estimated myocardial uptake of (99m)Tc-MIBI was dependent on the correction method used. Comparison among the four different methods of background activity correction applied in this study showed that the Buijs method was the most suitable method for background correction in myocardial perfusion scan.
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Klumpp H, Keutmann MK, Fitzgerald DA, Shankman SA, Phan KL. Resting state amygdala-prefrontal connectivity predicts symptom change after cognitive behavioral therapy in generalized social anxiety disorder. Biol Mood Anxiety Disord 2014; 4:14. [PMID: 25540682 PMCID: PMC4276016 DOI: 10.1186/s13587-014-0014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant amygdala-prefrontal interactions at rest and during emotion processing are implicated in the pathophysiology of generalized social anxiety disorder (gSAD), a common disorder characterized by fears of potential scrutiny. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is first-line psychotherapy for gSAD and other anxiety disorders. While CBT is generally effective, there is a great deal of heterogeneity in treatment response. To date, predictors of success in CBT for gSAD include reduced amygdala reactivity and increased activity in prefrontal regulatory regions (e.g., anterior cingulate cortex, "ACC") during emotion processing. However, studies have not examined whether tonic (i.e., at rest) coupling of amygdala and these prefrontal regions also predict response to CBT. RESULTS Twenty-one patients with gSAD participated in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) before 12 weeks of CBT. Overall, symptom severity was significantly reduced after completing CBT; however, the patients varied considerably in degree of symptom change. Whole-brain voxel-wise findings showed symptom improvement after CBT was predicted by greater right amygdala-pregenual ACC ("pgACC") connectivity and greater left amygdala-pgACC coupling encompassing medial prefrontal cortex. In support of their predictive value, area under receiver operating characteristic curve was significant for the left and right amygdala-pgACC in relation to treatment responders. CONCLUSIONS Improvement after CBT was predicted by enhanced resting-state bilateral amygdala-prefrontal coupling in gSAD. Preliminary results suggest baseline individual differences in a fundamental circuitry that may underlie emotion regulation contributed to variation in symptom change after CBT. Findings offer a new approach towards using a biological measure to foretell who will most likely benefit from CBT. In particular, the departure from neural predictors based on illness-relevant stimuli (e.g., socio-emotional stimuli in gSAD) permits the development of biomarkers that reflect commonalities in the neurobiology of anxiety and mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heide Klumpp
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Research Program, Department of Psychiatry (HK, DAF, KLP), University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 W. Roosevelt Rd, Chicago, IL 60608 USA ; Department of Psychology (HK, MKK, SAS, KLP), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA ; Department of Psychiatry (HK, SAS, KLP), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Michael K Keutmann
- Department of Psychology (HK, MKK, SAS, KLP), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Daniel A Fitzgerald
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Research Program, Department of Psychiatry (HK, DAF, KLP), University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 W. Roosevelt Rd, Chicago, IL 60608 USA ; Mental Health Service (DAF, KLP), Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Stewart A Shankman
- Department of Psychology (HK, MKK, SAS, KLP), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA ; Department of Psychiatry (HK, SAS, KLP), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - K Luan Phan
- Mood and Anxiety Disorders Research Program, Department of Psychiatry (HK, DAF, KLP), University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 W. Roosevelt Rd, Chicago, IL 60608 USA ; Department of Psychology (HK, MKK, SAS, KLP), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA ; Department of Psychiatry (HK, SAS, KLP), University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL USA ; Mental Health Service (DAF, KLP), Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL USA
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Abstract
Circadian rhythmicity in humans has been well studied using actigraphy, a method of measuring gross motor movement. As actigraphic technology continues to evolve, it is important for data analysis to keep pace with new variables and features. Our objective is to study the behavior of two variables, interdaily stability and intradaily variability, to describe rest activity rhythm. Simulated data and actigraphy data of humans, rats, and marmosets were used in this study. We modified the method of calculation for IV and IS by modifying the time intervals of analysis. For each variable, we calculated the average value (IVm and ISm) results for each time interval. Simulated data showed that (1) synchronization analysis depends on sample size, and (2) fragmentation is independent of the amplitude of the generated noise. We were able to obtain a significant difference in the fragmentation patterns of stroke patients using an IVm variable, while the variable IV60 was not identified. Rhythmic synchronization of activity and rest was significantly higher in young than adults with Parkinson׳s when using the ISM variable; however, this difference was not seen using IS60. We propose an updated format to calculate rhythmic fragmentation, including two additional optional variables. These alternative methods of nonparametric analysis aim to more precisely detect sleep–wake cycle fragmentation and synchronization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno S B Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicobiologia, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil ; Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Ritmicidade Biológica, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil ; Instituto Federal Sudeste de Minas Gerais, Campus Barbacena, Barbacena, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tania F Campos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - John F Araujo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicobiologia, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil ; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil ; Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Ritmicidade Biológica, UFRN, Natal, RN, Brazil
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Holmes JM, Mirams M, Mackie EJ, Whitton RC. Thoroughbred horses in race training have lower levels of subchondral bone remodelling in highly loaded regions of the distal metacarpus compared to horses resting from training. Vet J 2014; 202:443-7. [PMID: 25296852 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bone is repaired by remodelling, a process influenced by its loading environment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a change in loading environment on bone remodelling by quantifying bone resorption and formation activity in the metacarpal subchondral bone in Thoroughbred racehorses. Sections of the palmar metacarpal condyles of horses in race training (n = 24) or resting from training (n = 24) were examined with light microscopy and back scattered scanning electron microscopy (BSEM). Bone area fraction, osteoid perimeter and eroded bone surface were measured within two regions of interest: (1) the lateral parasagittal groove (PS); (2) the lateral condylar subchondral bone (LC). BSEM variables were analysed for the effect of group, region and interaction with time since change in work status. The means ± SE are reported. For both regions of interest in the training compared to the resting group, eroded bone surface was lower (PS: 0.39 ± 0.06 vs. 0.65 ± 0.07 per mm, P = 0.010; LC: 0.24 ± 0.04 vs. 0.85 ± 0.10 per mm, P < 0.001) and in the parasagittal groove osteoid perimeter was higher (0.23 ± 0.04% vs. 0.12 ± 0.02%). Lower porosity was observed in the subchondral bone, reflected by a higher bone area fraction in the LC of the training group (90.8 ± 0.6%) compared to the resting group (85.3 ± 1.4%, P = 0.0010). Race training was associated with less bone resorption and more bone formation in the subchondral bone of highly loaded areas of the distal metacarpus limiting the replacement of fatigued bone. Periods of reduced intensity loading are important for facilitating subchondral bone repair in Thoroughbred racehorses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Holmes
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Hwy, Werribee 3030, Australia
| | - M Mirams
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Hwy, Werribee 3030, Australia
| | - E J Mackie
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Hwy, Werribee 3030, Australia
| | - R C Whitton
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Hwy, Werribee 3030, Australia.
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Ishikawa G, Nagakura Y, Takeshita N, Shimizu Y. Efficacy of drugs with different mechanisms of action in relieving spontaneous pain at rest and during movement in a rat model of osteoarthritis. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 738:111-7. [PMID: 24939049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Patients with osteoarthritis (OA) suffer from joint pain aggravated by movement, which affect their quality of life. In the present study, a weight bearing paradigm for pain at rest and a gait paradigm for pain during movement were tested in rats with unilateral knee arthritis induced by an intra-articular injection of sodium monoiodoacetate (MIA). At week 3 after MIA (1mg/knee) injection, animals developed pain-associated, right-left imbalances of weight distribution (weight bearing) or foot print parameters (gait). Diclofenac, at doses up to 30 mg/kg orally (p.o.), did not have a significant effect on either paradigm. Morphine rectified the weight bearing and gait imbalances at 1 and 3mg/kg subcutaneously, respectively. The weak opioid and serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) tramadol also significantly corrected the indices at 10mg/kg (weight bearing) and 100mg/kg p.o. (gait). The SNRI duloxetine at 30 mg/kg p.o. corrected the weight bearing imbalance but not gait imbalance. We assessed the effect of different drugs on pain-induced disturbances in weight distribution and gait in MIA-induced arthritic rats. Analgesic drugs, each with different mechanisms of action, were less effective in rectifying the imbalance in gait than that in weight distribution. The assessment of the effect of analgesics on not only rest pain but pain during movement is valuable for the comprehensive examination of their therapeutic efficacies in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Ishikawa
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.
| | - Yukinori Nagakura
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.
| | - Nobuaki Takeshita
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.
| | - Yasuaki Shimizu
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan.
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Orliac F, Naveau M, Joliot M, Delcroix N, Razafimandimby A, Brazo P, Dollfus S, Delamillieure P. Links among resting-state default-mode network, salience network, and symptomatology in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2013; 148:74-80. [PMID: 23727217 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Neuroimaging data support the idea that schizophrenia is a brain disorder with altered brain structure and function. New resting-state functional connectivity techniques allow us to highlight synchronization of large-scale networks, such as the default-mode network (DMN) and salience network (SN). A large body of work suggests that disruption of these networks could give rise to specific schizophrenia symptoms. We examined the intra-network connectivity strength and gray matter content (GMC) of DMN and SN in 26 schizophrenia patients using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry. Resting-state data were analyzed with independent component analysis and dual-regression techniques. We reported reduced functional connectivity within both DMN and SN in patients with schizophrenia. Concerning the DMN, patients showed weaker connectivity in a cluster located in the right paracingulate cortex. Moreover, patients showed decreased GMC in this cluster. With regard to the SN, patients showed reduced connectivity in the left and right striatum. Decreased connectivity in the paracingulate cortex was correlated with difficulties in abstract thinking. The connectivity decrease in the left striatum was correlated with delusion and depression scores. Correlation between the connectivity of DMN frontal regions and difficulties in abstract thinking emphasizes the link between negative symptoms and the likely alteration of the frontal medial cortex in schizophrenia. Correlation between the connectivity of SN striatal regions and delusions supports the aberrant salience hypothesis. This work provides new insights into dysfunctional brain organization in schizophrenia and its contribution to specific schizophrenia symptoms.
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Maina JN, Jimoh SA. Structural failures of the blood-gas barrier and the epithelial-epithelial cell connections in the different vascular regions of the lung of the domestic fowl, Gallus gallus variant domesticus, at rest and during exercise. Biol Open 2013; 2:267-76. [PMID: 23519074 PMCID: PMC3603408 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20133608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural failure of blood–gas barrier (BGB) and epithelial–epithelial cell connections (EECCs) in different vascular regions of the exchange tissue of the lung was studied in rested and exercised chickens. The number of red blood cells (nRBCs) was counted and protein concentration (PC) measured after lavaging the respiratory system, and blood was sampled to determine the blood lactate levels (BLLs). The numbers of complete BGB breaks (nBGBBs) and those of the EECCs (nEECCBs) were counted in the different vascular territories of the lung. The nRBCs and the PCs increased with increasing exercise intensities but the rate of increase decreased at higher workloads. From rest to the fastest experimental treadmill speed of 2.95 m.sec−1, BLLs increased 4-fold. In all cases, the nEECCBs exceeded those of the BGB, showing that structurally the BGB is relatively weaker than the EECC. The increase in the number of breaks with increasing exercise can be attributed to increase in the pulmonary capillary blood pressure (PCBP) from faster heart rates and higher cardiac outputs, while the leveling out of the measurements made at higher workloads may have arisen from hemodynamic changes that initially ensued from exudation of blood plasma and then flow of blood into the air capillaries on failure of the BGB. The relative differences in the nBGBBs and the nEECCBs in the different vascular regions of the lung were ascribed to diameters of the branches and their points of origin and angles of bifurcation from the pulmonary artery. Presence of RBCs in the air capillaries of the lungs of rested chickens showed that failure of the BGB commonly occurs even in healthy and unstressed birds. Rapid repair and/or defense responses, which were observed, may explain how birds cope with mechanical injuries of the BGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Maina
- Department of Zoology, University of Johannesburg , Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg , South Africa
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Takeuchi H, Taki Y, Nouchi R, Hashizume H, Sekiguchi A, Kotozaki Y, Nakagawa S, Miyauchi CM, Sassa Y, Kawashima R. Effects of working memory training on functional connectivity and cerebral blood flow during rest. Cortex 2012; 49:2106-25. [PMID: 23079491 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 07/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Working memory (WM) training (WMT) alters the task-related brain activity and structure of the external attention system (EAS). We investigated whether WMT also alters resting-state brain mechanisms, which are assumed to reflect intrinsic brain activity and connectivity. Our study subjects were subjected to a 4-week WMT program and brain scans before and after the intervention for determining changes of functional connectivity and regional cerebral blood flow during rest (resting-FC/resting-rCBF). Compared with no-intervention, WMT (a) increased resting-FC between the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and precuneus, which are key nodes of the default mode network (DMN), (b) decreased resting-FC between mPFC and the right posterior parietal cortex/right lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), which are key nodes of the EAS, and (c) increased resting-rCBF in the right LPFC. However, the training-related decreases in resting-FC between the key DMN node and the nodes of EAS were only observed when the whole brain signal was regressed out in individual analyses, and these changes were not observed when the whole brain signal was not regressed out in individual analyses. Further analyses indicated that these differences may be mediated by a weak but a widespread increase in resting-FC between the nodes of EAS and activity of multiple bilateral areas across the brain. These results showed that WMT induces plasticity in neural mechanisms involving DMN and the EAS during rest and indicated that intrinsic brain activity and connectivity can be affected by cognitive training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Takeuchi
- Smart Ageing International Research Center, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
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