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Mian NH, Azeem M, Ali Q, Mahmood S, Akram MS. Alpha lipoic acid mitigates adverse impacts of drought stress on growth and yield of mungbean: photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidative defense mechanism. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17191. [PMID: 38699184 PMCID: PMC11064871 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Exogenous use of potential organic compounds through different modes is a promising strategy for the induction of water stress tolerance in crop plants for better yield. Aims The present study aimed to explore the potential role of alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in inducing water stress tolerance in mungbean lines when applied exogenously through various modes. Methods The experiment was conducted in a field with a split-plot arrangement, having three replicates for each treatment. Two irrigation regimes, including normal and reduced irrigation, were applied. The plants allocated to reduced irrigation were watered only at the reproductive stage. Three levels of ALA (0, 0.1, 0.15 mM) were applied through different modes (seed priming, foliar or priming+foliar). Key results ALA treatment through different modes manifested higher growth under reduced irrigation (water stress) and normal irrigation. Compared to the other two modes, the application of ALA as seed priming was found more effective in ameliorating the adverse impacts of water stress on growth and yield associated with their better content of leaf photosynthetic pigments, maintenance of plant water relations, levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants, improved activities of enzymatic antioxidants, and decreased lipid peroxidation and H2O2 levels. The maximum increase in shoot fresh weight (29% and 28%), shoot dry weight (27% and 24%), 100-grain weight (24% and 23%) and total grain yield (20% and 21%) in water-stressed mungbean plants of line 16003 and 16004, respectively, was recorded due to ALA seed priming than other modes of applications. Conclusions Conclusively, 0.1 and 0.15 mM levels of ALA as seed priming were found to reduce the adverse impact of water stress on mungbean yield that was associated with improved physio-biochemical mechanisms. Implications The findings of the study will be helpful for the agriculturalists working in arid and semi-arid regions to obtain a better yield of mungbean that will be helpful to fulfill the food demand in those areas to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Azeem
- Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Qasim Ali
- Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Mahmood
- Government College University, Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Serafin-Andrzejewska M, Jama-Rodzeńska A, Helios W, Kozak M, Lewandowska S, Zalewski D, Kotecki A. Influence of nitrogen fertilization, seed inoculation and the synergistic effect of these treatments on soybean yields under conditions in south-western Poland. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6672. [PMID: 38509150 PMCID: PMC10954626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57008-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Soybean, belonging to legumes, has a specific ability to biological nitrogen fixation, which can be reinforced by seeds inoculation. However, support with a starter dose of mineral nitrogen fertilizer may be necessary to achieve high seed yields. A four-year field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of mineral N fertilization (0, 30, 60 kg ha-1), seed inoculation with two commercial inoculants and combinations of these treatments on yield components and yielding of soybean in conditions of south-western part of Poland. The synergistic effect of mineral fertilization at dose 30 kg ha-1 and inoculation on soybean productivity was the most beneficial. Similar effects were observed when 60 kg N ha-1 was applied both separately and with inoculation. However, due to the environmental impact of mineral fertilizers and to promote plants to biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), it is advisable to use lower doses of N fertilizer (at 30 kg ha-1) and inoculate soybean seeds in agro- climatic conditions of south-western Poland. Therefore, based on this study we recommend to apply starter dose of N and inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Serafin-Andrzejewska
- Institute of Agroecology and Plant Production, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 24 A, 50-363, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Anna Jama-Rodzeńska
- Institute of Agroecology and Plant Production, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 24 A, 50-363, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Waldemar Helios
- Institute of Agroecology and Plant Production, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 24 A, 50-363, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marcin Kozak
- Institute of Agroecology and Plant Production, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 24 A, 50-363, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Sylwia Lewandowska
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 24 A, 50-363, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Dariusz Zalewski
- Department of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Seed Production, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 24 A, 50-363, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kotecki
- Institute of Agroecology and Plant Production, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 24 A, 50-363, Wrocław, Poland
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Alaei F, Maleki Farahani S, Habibi H, Fotokian MH, Khodadadi M. Coriander response to nitrogen fertilizer sources in different competing levels of weeds. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26816. [PMID: 38434338 PMCID: PMC10907793 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The competition of weeds with crops and nutrient management has a significant effect on the yield and economic efficiency of a country. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of sulfur-coated urea and common urea on the yield and fatty acid composition of three coriander genotypes (Nahavandi, Pishgam, Ethiopia) under weeded and unweeded conditions. Traits including 1000 seeds weight, fruit yield, content of oil, and composition of fatty acids were examined. Nitrogen fertilizer and weeding treatments significantly improved the weight of 1000 seeds and weeds decreased the yield of fruit. The highest fruit yield was obtained by the Ethiopia genotype in weed-free conditions. Results showed that N fertilizer increased the oil percentage of coriander fruit. Urea fertilizer resulted in the highest oil content in the Nahavandi and Pishgam genotypes under weeded plots in the first and second years, respectively. Also, petroselinic, linoleic, and palmitic acids were the major coriander fatty acid composition. Nahavandi genotype showed the highest palmitic acid. Also, urea in the weed condition led to increase the linoleic acid content in the Nahavandi genotype. Overall, results showed that N fertilizer, especially urea, improved the quality characteristics of coriander fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Alaei
- Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shahed University, P. O. Box 18155/159, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Maleki Farahani
- Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shahed University, P. O. Box 18155/159, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Habibi
- Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shahed University, P. O. Box 18155/159, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Fotokian
- Department of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Shahed University, P. O. Box 18155/159, Tehran, Iran
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Fattah A, Idaryani, Herniwati, Yasin M, Suriani S, Salim, Nappu MB, Mulia S, Irawan Hannan MF, Wulanningtyas HS, Saenong S, Dewayani W, Suriany, Winanda E, Manwan SW, Asaad M, Warda, Nurjanani, Nurhafsah, Gaffar A, Sunanto, Fadwiwati AY, Nurdin M, Dahya, Ella A. Performance and morphology of several soybean varieties and responses to pests and diseases in South Sulawesi. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25507. [PMID: 38434367 PMCID: PMC10907540 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Soybeans are a commodity that is widely grown by farmers in rainfed rice fields in South Sulawesi. One of the determining factors in increasing soybean productivity in South Sulawesi is the type of variety. The aim of this research was to determine the characteristics, morphology and response to pests and diseases in several soybean varieties planted in rainfed rice fields in South Sulawesi. This research was carried out in Allepolea Village, Maros Regency in 2022 using a Randomized Block Design with 13 treatments and 3 replications. Varieties tested as treatments include: 1) Derap-1, 2) Devon-2, 3) Deja-1, 4) Anjasmoro, 5) Dena-2, 6) Dena-1, 7) Gepak Kuning, 8) Grobogan, 9) Devon-1, 10) Dega-1, 11) Deja-2, 12) Demas-1, and 13) Detap-1. The results showed that of the 13 varieties tested, the highest height was found in Devon-2 (33.67 cm) and Detap-1 (31.67 cm) in the vegetative phase and in the generative phase in Detap-1 (75.53 cm) and Gepak Yellow (74.67 cm). The largest number of branches is in Dena-1 (3.13 branches). The highest nitrogen content was found in Devon-1 (12.64 m2 per g). The largest leaf area was Detap-1 (4.15 cm2) and Gepak Kuning (4.15 cm2). The highest number of stomata was in Dena-1 (42.80 μm) and Deja-1 (44.00 μm). The highest stomata width was found in Gepak Kuning (2.76 μm). The lowest level of leaf damage due to attacks by Valanga sp (Acrididae) occurred in Grobogan (6.89 %) and Dega-1 (7.35 %). The lowest level of pod damage due to Nezara viridula attack was in Devon-2 (3.56 %) and Dena-2 (3.64 %). The lowest level of leaf damage due to Phaedonia inclusa attack occurred in Dega-1 (4.37 %), Dena-2 (4, 12 %), and Grobogan (4.69 %). Seed damage due to Cercospora sp attack was lowest on Dena-2 (0.81 %). The highest seed yield was in Dena-2 (3.78 t ha-1) and the lowest in Anjasmoro (1.93 t ha-1) and Deja-2 (2.02 t ha-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Fattah
- Research Center for Food Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Idaryani
- Research Center for Food Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Herniwati
- Research Center for Food Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia
| | - M. Yasin
- Research Center for Food Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Suriani Suriani
- Research Center for Food Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Salim
- Research Center for Food Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia
| | - M. Basir Nappu
- Research Center for Food Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Sahardi Mulia
- Research Center for Food Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Muh Fitrah Irawan Hannan
- Research Center for Food Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Heppy Suci Wulanningtyas
- Research Center for Food Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Sudjak Saenong
- Research Center for Food Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Wanti Dewayani
- Research Center for Agroindustry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Puspitek, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Suriany
- Research Center for Agroindustry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Puspitek, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Elisa Winanda
- Research Center for Agroindustry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Puspitek, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Sri Wahyuni Manwan
- Research Center for Horticultural and Estate Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia
| | - Muh Asaad
- Research Center for Horticultural and Estate Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia
| | - Warda
- Research Center for Horticultural and Estate Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia
| | - Nurjanani
- Research Center for Horticultural and Estate Crops, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java 16911, Indonesia
| | - Nurhafsah
- Research Center for Agroindustry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Puspitek, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Abdul Gaffar
- Research Organization for Governance, Economy, and Community Welfare, Jl.Gatot Subroto,No.10. Indonesia
| | - Sunanto
- Research Organization for Governance, Economy, and Community Welfare, Jl.Gatot Subroto,No.10. Indonesia
| | - Andi Yulyani Fadwiwati
- Research Organization for Governance, Economy, and Community Welfare, Jl.Gatot Subroto,No.10. Indonesia
| | - Maryam Nurdin
- Research Organization for Governance, Economy, and Community Welfare, Jl.Gatot Subroto,No.10. Indonesia
| | - Dahya
- Research Organization for Governance, Economy, and Community Welfare, Jl.Gatot Subroto,No.10. Indonesia
| | - Andi Ella
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, Research Organization for Agriculture and Food, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor, Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, 16911, Indonesia
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Liu W, Wang S, Ye X, Xu F. BnaA4.BOR2 contributes the tolerance of rapeseed to boron deficiency by improving the transport of boron from root to shoot. Plant Physiol Biochem 2024; 208:108508. [PMID: 38490152 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Boron (B) is essential for plant growth. However, the molecular mechanism of B transport in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) is unknown well. Here, we report that B transporter BnaA4.BOR2 is involved in the transport of B from root to shoot and its distribution in shoot cell wall and flower in rapeseed. The results of GUS staining and in-situ PCR analysis showed that BnaA4.BOR2 is mainly expressed in cortex and endodermis of root tip meristem zone and endodermis of mature zone. BnaA4.BOR2 was mainly localized in plasma membrane and showed B transport activity in yeast. Overexpression of Bna4.BOR2 could rescue the phenotype of Arabidopsis mutant bor2-2 under low-B condition. Furthermore, knockout of BnaA4.BOR2 could significantly enhance the sensitivity of rapeseed mutants to B deficiency, including inhibition of root elongation and biomass decrease of roots and shoots. The B concentration in xylem sap of BnaA4.BOR2 mutants was significantly decreased under B deficiency, which resulted in significantly lower B concentrations in shoot cell wall at seedling stage and flower organ at reproductive stage compared to that of wild-type QY10. The growth of BnaA4.BOR2 mutants were severely inhibited, exhibiting a typical B-deficient phenotype of "flowering without seed setting", leading to a sharp decrease in seed yield in B deficient soil. Taken together, these results indicate that BnaA4.BOR2 is critical for rapeseed growth and seed yield production under low B level, which is mainly expressed in cortex and endodermis, and contributed to the transport of B from roots to shoots and its distribution in shoot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Microelement Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Sheliang Wang
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiangsheng Ye
- Microelement Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Fangsen Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Microelement Research Center, College of Resources & Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Yemata G, Bekele T. Evaluation of sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.) varieties for drought tolerance using agromorphological traits and drought tolerance indices. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16840. [PMID: 38313022 PMCID: PMC10838076 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important cash crop cultivated under rain-fed conditions where it contributes a significant proportion of Ethiopia's foreign exchange earnings. However, its productivity is constrained by drought stress. The present study aimed to evaluate the agromorphological and yield performance of sesame varieties and to identify drought tolerant varieties using drought tolerance indices. The sesame varieties were evaluated under well-watered (WW) and water-stressed (WS) field conditions with a factorial design laid down in randomized complete block design in three replications. The results revealed the presence of a significant variation in agromorphological traits and drought tolerance indices due to water levels, varieties and their interactive effect. On average, a 21.8, 49.6, 48.4, 47.9 and 21.7% reduction was recorded in plant height, number of leaves per plant, leaf length, leaf width and relative growth rate (RGR), respectively under WS condition. Similarly, a significant reduction was found in shoot biomass, root biomass, biological yield, number of pods per plant and seed yield under WS condition. These traits showed an average reduction of 52.2, 72.5, 54.0, 51.9 and 52.8%, respectively compared to WW condition. The highest yield reduction was recorded from wollega under WS condition, while the lowest was from abasena. Wollega variety produced the highest seed yield (kg/ha) under WW condition, while gondar-1 and humera-1 had the highest yield in kg/ha under WS condition. Under both water levels, abasena produced the lowest yield (kg/ha). Moreover, gondar-1 and humera-1 varieties had a comparatively higher values of stress tolerance index (STI), yield stress score index (YSSI), yield potential score index (YPSI), geometric mean productivity (GMP) and mean productivity (MP) that are significantly and positively correlated with yield under WS, indicating higher yield performance under water stress. The biplot analysis clustered the varieties as low yielding (abasena) and relatively above average performing varieties (humera-1, gondar-1 and wollega). According to the rank sum of all indices, humera-1 was identified as drought tolerant, while abasena as the most susceptible and low yielding varieties. Thus, humera-1 followed by gondar-1 were found to be drought tolerant and high yielding varieties. However, further studies focusing on drought tolerance mechanisms of the varieties are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getahun Yemata
- College of Science, Department of Biology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Tewachew Bekele
- Biology, North Achefer District, Liben Senior Secondary and Preparatory School, Liben, Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia
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Mi W, Luo F, Liu W, Qin Y, Zhang Y, Liu K, Li W. Nitrogen addition enhances seed yield by improving soil enzyme activity and nutrients. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16791. [PMID: 38259666 PMCID: PMC10802157 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) addition is a simple and effective field management approach to enhancing plant productivity. Nonetheless, the regulatory mechanisms governing nitrogen concentrations and their effect on soil enzyme activity, nutrient levels, and seed yield in the Festuca kirilowii seed field have yet to be elucidated. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the effect of N fertilizer application on soil enzyme activities, soil nutrients, and seed yield of F. kirilowii Steud cv. Huanhu, the only domesticated variety in the Festuca genus of the Poaceae family, was investigated based on two-year field experiments in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Results showed that N input significantly affected soil nutrients (potential of hydrogen, total nitrogen, organic matter, and total phosphorus). In addition, soil enzyme activities (urease, catalase, sucrase, and nitrate reductase) significantly increased in response to varying N concentrations, inducing changes in soil nutrient contents. Introducing N improved both seed yield and yield components (number of tillers and number of fertile tillers). These findings suggest that the introduction of different concentrations of N fertilizers can stimulate soil enzyme activity, thus hastening nutrient conversion and increasing seed yield. The exhaustive evaluation of the membership function showed that the optimal N fertilizer treatment was N4 (75 kg·hm-2) for both 2022 and 2023. This finding provides a practical recommendation for improving the seed production of F. kirilowii in QTP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Mi
- Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Feng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yongchao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Kaiqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Superior Forage Germplasm in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Qinghai Academy of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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Okooboh GO, Haferkamp I, Rühle T, Leister D, Neuhaus HE. Expression of the plastocyanin gene PETE2 in Camelina sativa improves seed yield and salt tolerance. J Plant Physiol 2023; 290:154103. [PMID: 37788546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Plastocyanin functions as an electron carrier in the photosynthetic electron transport chain, located at the thylakoid membrane. In several species, endogenous plastocyanin levels are correlated with the photosynthetic electron transport rate. Overexpression of plastocyanin genes in Arabidopsis thaliana increases plant size, but this phenomenon has not been observed in crop species. Here, we investigated the effects of heterologous expression of a gene encoding a plastocyanin isoform from Arabidopsis, AtPETE2, in the oil seed crop Camelina sativa under standard growth conditions and under salt stress. AtPETE2 heterologous expression enhanced photosynthetic activity in Camelina, accelerating plant development and improving seed yield under standard growth conditions. Additionally, CsPETE2 from Camelina was induced by salt stress and AtPETE2 expression lines had larger primary roots and more lateral roots than the wild type. AtPETE2 expression lines also had larger seeds and higher total seed yield under long-term salt stress compared with non-transgenic Camelina. Our results demonstrate that increased plastocyanin levels in Camelina can enhance photosynthesis and productivity, as well as tolerance to osmotic and salt stresses. Heterologous expression of plastocyanin may be a useful strategy to mitigate crop stress in saline soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria O Okooboh
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str., D-67653, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Ilka Haferkamp
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str., D-67653, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Thilo Rühle
- Department of Biology I, Molecular Plant Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, D-82152, Planegg, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Dario Leister
- Department of Biology I, Molecular Plant Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, D-82152, Planegg, Martinsried, Germany
| | - H Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str., D-67653, Kaiserslautern, Germany.
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Wang J, Bai X, Su Y, Deng H, Cai L, Ming X, Tao YB, He H, Xu ZF, Tang M. JcSEUSS1 negatively regulates reproductive organ development in perennial woody Jatropha curcas. Planta 2023; 258:88. [PMID: 37755517 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04244-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Overexpression of JcSEUSS1 resulted in late flowering, reduced flower number, wrinkled kernels, and decreased seed yield in Jatopha curcas, while downregulation of JcSEUSS1 increased flower number and seed production. The seed oil of Jatropha curcas is suitable as an ideal alternative for diesel fuel, yet the seed yield of Jatropha is restricted by its small number of female flowers and low seed setting rate. Therefore, it is crucial to identify genes that regulate flowering and seed set, and hence improve seed yield. In this study, overexpression of JcSEUSS1 resulted in late flowering, fewer flowers and fruits, and smaller fruits and seeds, causing reduced seed production and oil content. In contrast, the downregulation of JcSEUSS1 by RNA interference (RNAi) technology caused an increase in the flower number and seed yield. However, the flowering time, seed number per fruit, seed weight, and size exhibited no obvious changes in JcSEUSS1-RNAi plants. Moreover, the fatty acid composition also changed in JcSEUSS1 overexpression and RNAi plants, the percentage of unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) was increased in overexpression plants, and the saturated FAs were increased in RNAi plants. These results indicate that JcSEUSS1 played a negative role in regulating reproductive growth and worked redundantly with other genes in the regulation of flowering time, seed number per fruit, seed weight, and size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxian Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Xue Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Yiqing Su
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongjun Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Cai
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ming
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan-Bin Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Huiying He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Zeng-Fu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China.
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Forestry, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Mingyong Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Yunnan, China.
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Menglun, 666303, Mengla, China.
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Klińska-Bąchor S, Kędzierska S, Demski K, Banaś A. Phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase1-overexpression stimulates lipid turnover, oil production and fitness in cold-grown plants. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:370. [PMID: 37491206 PMCID: PMC10369929 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04379-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extensive population growth and climate change accelerate the search for alternative ways of plant-based biomass, biofuel and feed production. Here, we focus on hitherto unknow, new promising cold-stimulated function of phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase1 (PDAT1) - an enzyme catalyzing the last step of triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis. RESULT Overexpression of AtPDAT1 boosted seed yield by 160% in Arabidopsis plants exposed to long-term cold compared to standard conditions. Such seeds increased both their weight and acyl-lipids content. This work also elucidates PDAT1's role in leaves, which was previously unclear. Aerial parts of AtPDAT1-overexpressing plants were characterized by accelerated growth at early and vegetative stages of development and by biomass weighing three times more than control. Overexpression of PDAT1 increased the expression of SUGAR-DEPENDENT1 (SDP1) TAG lipase and enhanced lipid remodeling, driving lipid turnover and influencing biomass increment. This effect was especially pronounced in cold conditions, where the elevated synergistic expression of PDAT1 and SDP1 resulted in double biomass increase compared to standard conditions. Elevated phospholipid remodeling also enhanced autophagy flux in AtPDAT1-overexpresing lines subjected to cold, despite the overall diminished autophagy intensity in cold conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that PDAT1 promotes greater vitality in cold-exposed plants, stimulates their longevity and boosts oilseed oil production at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Klińska-Bąchor
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, 80-307, Poland.
| | - Sara Kędzierska
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, 80-307, Poland
| | - Kamil Demski
- Department of Plant Breeding, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Box 190, 234 22, Sweden
| | - Antoni Banaś
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdańsk and Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, 80-307, Poland
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11
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Godwin A, McGill C, Ward A, Sofkova-Bobcheva S, Pieralli S. Phenological phase affects carrot seed production sensitivity to climate change - A panel data analysis. Sci Total Environ 2023; 892:164502. [PMID: 37268143 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
New Zealand is a major producer of carrot seeds globally. Carrots are an important nutritional crop for human consumption. Since the growth and development of carrot seed crops mainly depend on climatic factors, seed yield is extremely susceptible to climate change. This modeling study was undertaken using a panel data approach to determine the impact of the atmospheric conditions (proxied by maximum and minimum temperature) and precipitation during the critical growth stages for seed production in carrot, viz., juvenile phase, vernalization phase, floral development phase, and flowering and seed development phase on carrot seed yield. The panel dataset was created using cross-sections from 28 locations within the Canterbury and Hawke's Bay regions of New Zealand that cultivate carrot seed crops and time series from 2005 to 2022. Pre-diagnostic tests were performed to test the model assumptions, and a fixed effect model was selected subsequently. There was significant (p < 0.01) variability in temperature and rainfall throughout different growing phases, except for precipitation at the vernalization phase. The highest rate of changes in maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and precipitation were recorded during the vernalization phase (+0.254 °C per year), floral development phase (+0.18 °C per year), and juvenile phase (-6.508 mm per year), respectively. Based on marginal effect analysis, the highest significant influence of minimum (187.724 kg/ha of seed yield decrease for each 1 °C increment) and maximum temperature (1 °C rise increases seed yield by 132.728 kg/ha), and precipitation (1 mm increment of rainfall decreases the seed yield by 1.745 kg/ha) on carrot seed yield were reported at vernalization, and flowering and seed development, respectively. The minimum and maximum temperatures have a higher marginal effect on carrot seed production. Analysis of the panel data demonstrates that the production of carrot seeds will be vulnerable to climatic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asharp Godwin
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jaffna, Ariviyal Nagar, Kilinochchi, Sri Lanka.
| | - Craig McGill
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Ward
- AsureQuality Limited, Batchelar Agriculture Centre, Tennent Drive, PO Box 609, Palmerston North 4440, New Zealand
| | - Svetla Sofkova-Bobcheva
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Simone Pieralli
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; European Commission Joint Research Centre, 41092 Seville, Spain
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12
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Ahmed J, Qadir G, Ansar M, Wattoo FM, Javed T, Ali B, Marc RA, Rahimi M. Shattering and yield expression of sesame (Sesamum indicum L) genotypes influenced by paclobutrazol concentration under rainfed conditions of Pothwar. BMC Plant Biol 2023; 23:137. [PMID: 36907856 PMCID: PMC10009968 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04145-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Seed shattering is a critical challenge that significantly reduces sesame production by 50%. These shattering losses can be reduced by selecting shattering resistant genotypes or by incorporating modern agronomic management such as paclobutrazol, which can boost productivity and prevent seed shattering in sesame. Two-years of field trials were conducted to examine the effect of sesame genotypes, environment, and paclobutrazol (PBZ) concentrations. Twelve sesame genotypes were used in a four-way factorial RCBD with three replications and five PBZ concentrations (T0 = Control; T1 = 150; T2 = 300; T3 = 450; and T4 = 600 mg L- 1) under rainfed conditions of Pothwar. The findings revealed significant variations in the major effects of all examined variables (genotypes, locations, years, and PBZ levels). Sesame genotypes PI-154304 and PI-175907 had the highest plant height, number of capsule plant- 1, seed capsule- 1, 1000 seed weight, biological yield, and seed yield, while also having the lowest seed losses and shattering percentage. Regarding environments, NARC-Islamabad generated the highest plant height, number of capsule plant- 1, shattering percentage, and biological yield; however, the URF-Koont produced the highest seed yield with the lowest shattering percentage. Additionally, plant height, capsules plant- 1, and biological yield were higher in 2021, while seed capsule- 1, 1000 seed weight, seed losses, shattering percentage, and seed yield were higher in 2020. PBZ concentration affected all measured parameters; plant height and number of seed capsule- 1 decreased with increasing PBZ concentrations. 450 mg L- 1 PBZ concentration generated the highest biomass, number of capsules plant- 1, and seed yield. At the same time, PBZ concentration 600 mg L- 1 generated the smallest plant, the lowest seed capsules- 1, the greatest thousand seed weight, and the lowest shattering percentage. The study concluded that paclobutrazol could dramatically reduce shattering percentage and shattering losses while increasing economic returns through better productivity. Based on the findings, the genotypes PI-154304 and PI-175907 with paclobutrazol level 450 mgL- 1 may be suggested for cultivation in Pothwar farming community under rainfed conditions, as they showed promising shattering resistance as well as enhanced growth and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahangir Ahmed
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS – Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, 46300 Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Qadir
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS – Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, 46300 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Agronomy, PMAS – Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, 46300 Pakistan
| | - Fahad Masoud Wattoo
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, PMAS – Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, 46300 Pakistan
| | - Talha Javed
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040 Pakistan
| | - Baber Ali
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320 Pakistan
| | - Romina Alina Marc
- Food Engineering Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 CaleaMănă̧stur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mehdi Rahimi
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
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Pallavolu LA, Pasala R, Kulasekaran R, Pandey BB, Virupaksham U, Perika S. Analysing the SPAD dynamics of water-stressed vs. well-watered sesame ( Sesamum indicum L.) accessions and establishing their relationship with seed yield. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14711. [PMID: 36691485 PMCID: PMC9864184 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The chlorophyll content is susceptible to deficit moisture stress and may affect the plant yield. Leaf chlorophyll content is directly related to tolerance and higher productivity under deficit moisture stress (WS). The SPAD meter is an excellent tool for rapid analysis of crop chlorophyll content. Therefore, establishing a relationship between leaf chlorophyll content and seed yield is crucial in sesame, particularly under deficit moisture stress. Methods Seeds of 37 sesame genotypes with checks were used in this study. These genotypes were mostly landraces, adapted to different agro-ecological zones in India. The selected genotypes were evaluated under well water (WW) and deficit moisture stress (WS) conditions. The SPAD readings were recorded ten (10) times each at every seven days intervals from the juvenile/first bud (30-35 days after sowing) to ripening/ physiological maturity (95-100 days after sowing) stage. This study aimed to identify the association between leaf SPAD readings (recorded at 7-days interval) and seed yield of sesame genotypes. Results The analysis of variance revealed the presence of significant variation in SPAD readings due to treatment (WW and WS), genotypes, and their interaction effects. The SPAD readings at all stages were positively correlated with seed yield in both WW and WS. High values of correlation coefficients were observed at 52 (r: 0.672) and 59 (r: 0.655) DAS under WS; whereas at 59 (r: 0.960), 66 (r: 0.972) and 73 (r: 0.974) DAS under WW at one percent significance level (p < 0.01), which coincided with the mid-bloom stage of the sesame crop. The best-fit multiple regression model revealed that the dependence of sesame seed yield is significantly influenced by SPAD reading at 52 DAS under WS and 59 to 73 DAS under WW. Both these models provide a good fit with the chi-squared test, which compares the predicted and observed yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lora Anusha Pallavolu
- Department of Crop Production, ICAR- Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India,Department of Plant Physiology, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ratnakumar Pasala
- Department of Crop Production, ICAR- Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Ramesh Kulasekaran
- Department of Crop Production, ICAR- Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Brij Bihari Pandey
- Department of Crop Production, ICAR- Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Umamahesh Virupaksham
- Department of Plant Physiology, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sandhyarani Perika
- Department of Plant Physiology, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Liu H, Zou M, Zhang B, Yang X, Yuan P, Ding G, Xu F, Shi L. Genome-wide association study identifies candidate genes and favorable haplotypes for seed yield in Brassica napus. Mol Breed 2022; 42:61. [PMID: 37313016 PMCID: PMC10248642 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-022-01332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is one of the most essential oil crops. Genetic improvement of seed yield (SY) is a major aim of B. napus breeding. Several studies have been reported on the genetic mechanisms of SY of B. napus. Here, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of SY was conducted using a panel of 403 natural accessions of B. napus, with more than five million high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A total of 1773 significant SNPs were detected associated with SY, and 783 significant SNPs were co-located with previously reported QTLs. The lead SNPs chrA01__8920351 and chrA02__4555979 were jointly detected in Trial 2_2 and Trial 2_mean value, and in Trial 1_2 and Trial 1_mean value, respectively. Subsequently, two candidate genes of BnaA01g17200D and BnaA02g08680D were identified through combining transcriptome, candidate gene association analysis, and haplotype analysis. BnaA09g10430D detected through lead SNP chrA09__5160639 was associated with SY of B. napus. Our results provide valuable information for studying the genetic control of seed yield in B. napus and valuable genes, haplotypes, and cultivars resources for the breeding of high seed yield B. napus cultivars. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-022-01332-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijiang Liu
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province China
- Key Lab of Cultivated Land Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Microelement Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province China
| | - Maoyan Zou
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province China
- Key Lab of Cultivated Land Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Microelement Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province China
| | - Bingbing Zhang
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province China
- Key Lab of Cultivated Land Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Microelement Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province China
- Key Lab of Cultivated Land Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Microelement Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province China
| | - Pan Yuan
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province China
- Key Lab of Cultivated Land Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Microelement Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province China
| | - Guangda Ding
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province China
- Key Lab of Cultivated Land Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Microelement Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province China
| | - Fangsen Xu
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province China
- Key Lab of Cultivated Land Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Microelement Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province China
| | - Lei Shi
- National Key Lab of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province China
- Key Lab of Cultivated Land Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Microelement Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 Hubei Province China
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15
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Yuan S, Ling Y, Xiong Y, Zhang C, Sha L, You M, Lei X, Bai S, Ma X. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on seed yield and quality of Kengyilia melanthera (Triticeae, Poaceae). PeerJ 2022; 10:e14101. [PMID: 36168437 PMCID: PMC9509668 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Widely distributed in the alpine sandy grassland in east Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), Kengyilia melanthera is considered as an ideal pioneer grass for the restoration of degraded and desertification grassland in the region. Under the special ecological and climatic conditions in the northwest Sichuan plateau located in east QTP, it is of great significance to optimize the amount of nitrogen fertilizer for the seed production of this species. The impact of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application on seed yield and quality of K. melanthera 'Aba', the only domesticated variety in the Kengyilia genus of Poaceae, was investigated based on two-year field experiments in the northwestern Sichuan plateau. The results showed that with the increase of N fertilizer application, the number of tillers, number of fertile tillers, 1,000-seed weight and seed yield of this species increased likewise. The optimum N fertilizer rate deduced in the present study was 180 kg·hm-2, where the number of fertile tillers 1,000-seed weight and seed yield reached the peak values. Interestingly, the standard germination rate, germination energy, accelerated aging germination rate, dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activity of seeds were not affected by the increasing the input of N fertilizer. The comprehensive evaluation of membership function showed that the optimal N fertilizer treatment was 180 kg·hm-2 both for 2016 and 2017. This study provided a certain practical suggestion for the improvement of seed production of K. melanthera in the northwest Sichuan plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yuan
- Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Ling
- Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | | | - Lina Sha
- Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minghong You
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiong Lei
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiqie Bai
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Moreau C, Warren FJ, Rayner T, Perez-Moral N, Lawson DM, Wang TL, Domoney C. An allelic series of starch-branching enzyme mutants in pea (Pisum sativum L.) reveals complex relationships with seed starch phenotypes. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 288:119386. [PMID: 35450647 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A set of mutant pea lines carrying induced mutations within the major seed-expressed starch-branching enzyme gene has been characterised at the molecular, chemical and agronomic levels. Eight of the induced mutations, three of which predicted a premature stop codon, were compared with the naturally occurring starch-branching enzyme mutation within the same genetic background. Starch, amylose and sugar measurements, coupled with analysis by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-size exclusion chromatography of starches, identified a range of phenotypes which were grouped according to the nature of the mutation. Homology modelling of proteins supported the differences in phenotypes observed. Differences in field performance were evident for selected mutants, particularly in seed yield and mean seed weight traits for early compared with late spring sowings. The data show the potential of an allelic series of mutants at this locus for nutritional studies. CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS: starch, amylose, amylopectin, raffinose, stachyose, verbascose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Moreau
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | - Tracey Rayner
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | - Trevor L Wang
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
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Zou M, Shi T, Wang W, Ding G, Xu F, Shi L. Genetic dissection of seed yield and yield-related traits in Brassica napus grown with contrasting nitrogen supplies. Mol Breed 2022; 42:15. [PMID: 37309408 PMCID: PMC10248634 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-022-01281-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Oilseed rape (B. napus) is the main oil crop in China as well as in the world. Nitrogen (N) deficiency significantly reduces the seed yield of B. napus. However, a very few studies involved in the genetic mechanism of seed yield and SY-related traits of B. napus in response to N deficiency. In this study, plant height (PH), branch number per plant (BN), pod number per plant (PN), seed number per pod (SN), 1000-seed weight (SW), and seed yield per plant (SY) were investigated using a B. napus double haploid (BnaTNDH) population derived from a cross between cultivars "Tapidor" and "Ningyou7" grown at an optimal N (ON) and a low N (LN) supplies in three-year field trials. Great variations of SY and related traits were observed in BnaTNDH population under contrasting N supplies. A total of 106 and 110 significant quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were detected for six traits at ON and LN in three field trials, respectively. All of these significant QTLs for the same trait identified in two or three trials were integrated into 20 stable QTLs. A total of 50 consensus QTLs and 53 unique QTLs were obtained from 172 significant QTLs and 20 stable QTLs, including 35 ON-specific QTLs, 29 LN-specific QTLs and 39 constitutive QTLs detected at both ON and LN. cqA3l was integrated from four QTLs for PN, PH, SN, SY at LN, cqC9c was integrated from QTLs for BN, SY, PN at ON and LN. Both cqA3l and cqC9c were detected in three trials. In addition, a total of 194 epistatic interactions, inculding 15 pleiotropic epistatic interactions, were identified. Eight of the 15 pleiotropic epistatic interactions were detected to affect SY. This result may help to better understand the genetic mechanism of yield traits in response to low N and promote the breeding of N-efficient varieties. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-022-01281-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoyan Zou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Microelement Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Taoxiong Shi
- Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guizhou, 550001 China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Microelement Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Guangda Ding
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Microelement Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Fangsen Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Microelement Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Lei Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- Microelement Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
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Boinot M, Karakas E, Koehl K, Pagter M, Zuther E. Cold stress and freezing tolerance negatively affect the fitness of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions under field and controlled conditions. Planta 2022; 255:39. [PMID: 35032192 PMCID: PMC8761124 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03809-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Higher acclimated freezing tolerance improved winter survival, but reduced reproductive fitness of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions under field and controlled conditions. Low temperature is one of the most important abiotic factors influencing plant fitness and geographical distribution. In addition, cold stress is known to influence crop yield and is therefore of great economic importance. Increased freezing tolerance can be acquired by the process of cold acclimation, but this may be associated with a fitness cost. To assess the influence of cold stress on the fitness of plants, long-term field trials over 5 years were performed with six natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana ranging from very tolerant to very sensitive to freezing. Fitness parameters, as seed yield and 1000 seed mass, were measured and correlation analyses with temperature and freezing tolerance data performed. The results were compared with fitness parameters from controlled chamber experiments over 3 years with application of cold priming and triggering conditions. Winter survival and seed yield per plant were positively correlated with temperature in field experiments. In addition, winter survival and 1000 seed mass were correlated with the cold-acclimated freezing tolerance of the selected Arabidopsis accessions. The results provide strong evidence for a trade-off between higher freezing tolerance and reproductive fitness in A. thaliana, which might have ecological impacts in the context of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Boinot
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Esra Karakas
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Karin Koehl
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Majken Pagter
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, 9220, Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Ellen Zuther
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany.
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Ruiz-Santiago RR, Ballina-Gómez HS, Ruiz-Sánchez E, Martínez-Castillo J, Garruña-Hernández R, Andueza-Noh RH. Determining relevant traits for selecting landrace accessions of Phaseolus lunatus L. for insect resistance. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12088. [PMID: 34616606 PMCID: PMC8450006 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-insect interactions are a determining factor for sustainable crop production. Although plants can resist or tolerate herbivorous insects to varying degrees, even with the use of pesticides, insects can reduce plant net productivity by as much as 20%, so sustainable strategies for pest control with less dependence on chemicals are needed. Selecting plants with optimal resistance and photosynthetic traits can help minimize damage and maintain productivity. Here, 27 landrace accessions of lima beans, Phaseolus lunatus L., from the Yucatan Peninsula were evaluated in the field for morphological resistance traits, photosynthetic characteristics, insect damage and seed yield. Variation was found in physical leaf traits (number, area, and dry mass of leaves; trichome density, specific leaf thickness and hardness) and in physiological traits (photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon, water-use efficiency, and transpiration). Five accessions (JMC1325, JMC1288, JMC1339, JMC1208 and JMC1264) had the lowest index for cumulative damage with the highest seed yield, although RDA analysis uncovered two accessions (JMC1339, JMC1288) with strong positive association of seed yield and the cumulative damage index with leaf production, specific leaf area (SLA) and total leaf area. Leaf traits, including SLA and total leaf area are important drivers for optimizing seed yield. This study identified 12 important morphological and physiological leaf traits for selecting landrace accessions of P. lunatus for high yields (regardless of damage level) to achieve sustainable, environmentally safe crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Rafael Ruiz-Santiago
- Division de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Tecnologico Nacional de México/Campus Conkal, Conkal, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Horacio Salómon Ballina-Gómez
- Division de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Tecnologico Nacional de México/Campus Conkal, Conkal, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Esau Ruiz-Sánchez
- Division de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Tecnologico Nacional de México/Campus Conkal, Conkal, Yucatan, Mexico
| | | | - René Garruña-Hernández
- Division de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Conacyt-Tecnológico Nacional de México/Campus Conkal, Conkal, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Rubén Humberto Andueza-Noh
- Division de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigacion, Conacyt-Tecnológico Nacional de México/Campus Conkal, Conkal, Yucatan, Mexico
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20
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Pal L, Sandhu SK, Bhatia D, Sethi S. Genome-wide association study for candidate genes controlling seed yield and its components in rapeseed (Brassica napus subsp. napus). Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2021; 27:1933-1951. [PMID: 34629771 PMCID: PMC8484396 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-021-01060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Genetic improvement of seed yield per plant (SY) is one of the major objectives in Brassica napus breeding programme. SY, being a complex quantitative trait is directly and indirectly influenced by yield-component traits such as siliqua length (SL), number of seeds per siliqua (NSS), and thousand seed weight (TSW). Therefore, concurrent improvement in SL, NSS and TSW can lead to higher SY in B. napus. This study was conducted to identify significant SNPs and putative candidate genes governing SY and its component traits (SL, NSS, TSW). All these traits were evaluated in a diverse set of 200 genotypes representing diversity from wide geographical locations. Of these, a set of 125 genotypes were chosen based on pedigree diversity and multi-location trait variation for genotyping by sequencing (GBS). Best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) of all the traits were used for genome-wide association study (GWAS) with 85,126 SNPs obtained from GBS. A total of 16, 18, 27 and 18 SNPs were found to be significantly associated for SL, NSS, TSW and SY respectively. Based on linkage disequilibrium decay analysis, 150 kb genomic region flanking the SNP was used for the identification of underlying candidate genes for each test trait. Important candidate genes involved in phytohormone signaling (WAT1, OSR1, ARR8, CKX1, REM7, REM9, BG1) and seed storage proteins (Cruciferin) were found to have significant influence on seed weight and yield. Genes involved in sexual reproduction and fertilization (PERK7, PERK13, PRK3, GATA15, NFD6) were found to determine the number of seeds per siliqua. Several genes found in this study namely ATS3A, CKX1, SPL2, SPL6, SPL9, WAT1 showed pleiotropic effect with yield component traits. Significant SNPs and putative candidate genes identified for SL, NSS, TSW and SY could be used in marker-assisted breeding for improvement of crop yield in B. napus. Genotypes identified with high SL, NSS, TSW and SY could serve as donors in crop improvement programs in B. napus. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-021-01060-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Pal
- Principal Scientist, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004 India
| | - Surinder K. Sandhu
- Principal Scientist, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004 India
| | - Dharminder Bhatia
- Principal Scientist, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004 India
| | - Sorabh Sethi
- Principal Scientist, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab 141004 India
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Karar H, Bashir MA, Khaliq A, Ali MJ, Atalla Alajmi R, Metwally DM. Stink bug Agonoscelis spp. (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) - An emerging threat for seed production in alfalfa crop ( Medicago sativa L.) and their successful management. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3477-3482. [PMID: 34121887 PMCID: PMC8176121 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fodder crops play an important role in sustainable agriculture as they provide feed for animals, which is ultimately converted to human food. Alfalfa is one of the most important fodder crops having high nutritive value for livestock. However, seed production of alfalfa crop is seriously affected by several factors and the highest reduction in seed yield is caused by stink bug infestation. The current study evaluated different insecticides to control stink bugs during 2016-17. The efficacy of ten insecticides, i.e., acephate, dimethoate, malathion, chlorpyriphos, bifenthrin, lambdacyhalothrin, deltamethrin, acetamiprid, imidacloprid and carbosulfan was tested on Agonoscelis spp. (Heteroptera Pentatomidae). The mortality of stink bug was recorded at one, three, five, seven, ten and fifteen days after insecticide application. Similarly, the population of pollinators was recorded before and one, three and five days after the application of insecticides. It was observed that acetamiprid (81.14%) and acephate (80.65%) caused the highest mortality of stink bug and proved most effective. Insecticides application decreased the pollinators' population one day after spray; however, it was rehabilitated three days after insecticide application. Insecticide application increased seed yield from 28.05 kg/acre (during last four year without chemical control) to 116 kg/acre in 2016-17 (with chemical control). It is concluded that acetamiprid and acephate can be successfully used in integrated management program of increasing alfalfa seed production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Amjad Bashir
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Jaffar Ali
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Reem Atalla Alajmi
- Zoology Department College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dina M. Metwally
- Zoology Department College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Del Castello F, Foresi N, Nejamkin A, Lindermayr C, Buegger F, Lamattina L, Correa-Aragunde N. Cyanobacterial NOS expression improves nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen-deficiency tolerance and yield in Arabidopsis. Plant Sci 2021; 307:110860. [PMID: 33902845 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.110860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Developing strategies to improve nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) in plants is a challenge to reduce environmental problems linked to over-fertilization. The nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzyme from the cyanobacteria Synechococcus PCC 7335 (SyNOS) has been recently identified and characterized. SyNOS catalyzes the conversion of arginine to citrulline and nitric oxide (NO), and then approximately 75 % of the produced NO is rapidly oxidized to nitrate by an unusual globin domain in the N-terminus of the enzyme. In this study, we assessed whether SyNOS expression in plants affects N metabolism, NUE and yield. Our results showed that SyNOS-expressing transgenic Arabidopsis plants have greater primary shoot length and shoot branching when grown under N-deficient conditions and higher seed production both under N-sufficient and N-deficient conditions. Moreover, transgenic plants showed significantly increased NUE in both N conditions. Although the uptake of N was not modified in the SyNOS lines, they showed an increase in the assimilation/remobilization of N under conditions of low N availability. In addition, SyNOS lines have greater N-deficiency tolerance compared to control plants. Our results support that SyNOS expression generates a positive effect on N metabolism and seed production in Arabidopsis, and it might be envisaged as a strategy to improve productivity in crops under adverse N environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Del Castello
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Deán Funes 3350, CC 1245, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Noelia Foresi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Deán Funes 3350, CC 1245, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Andrés Nejamkin
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Deán Funes 3350, CC 1245, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Christian Lindermayr
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg/Munich, Germany.
| | - Franz Buegger
- Institute of Soil Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg/Munich, Germany.
| | - Lorenzo Lamattina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Deán Funes 3350, CC 1245, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Natalia Correa-Aragunde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Deán Funes 3350, CC 1245, 7600 Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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Khaleghnezhad V, Yousefi AR, Tavakoli A, Farajmand B, Mastinu A. Concentrations-dependent effect of exogenous abscisic acid on photosynthesis, growth and phenolic content of Dracocephalum moldavica L. under drought stress. Planta 2021; 253:127. [PMID: 34036415 PMCID: PMC8149364 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03648-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The drought conditions and the application of ABA reduce the photosynthetic activity, and the processes related to the transpiration of Dracocephalum moldavica L. At the same time, the plant increases the production of phenolic compounds and essential oil as a response to stress conditions. In the semi-arid regions, drought stress is the most important environmental limitations for crop production. Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a crucial role in the reactions of plants towards environmental stress such as drought. Field experiments for two consecutive years in 2016 and 2017 were conducted to evaluate the effect of three watering regimes (well-watered, moderate and severe drought) and five exogenous ABA concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 μM) on growth, photosynthesis, total phenolic and essential oil content of Dracocephalum moldavica L. Without ABA application, the highest photosynthetic rate (6.1 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1) was obtained under well-watered condition and, moderate and severe drought stress decreased photosynthesis rate by 26.39% and 34.43%, respectively. Some growth parameters such as stem height, leaf area, leaf dry weight and biological yield were also reduced by drought stress. ABA application showed a decreasing trend in photosynthesis rate and mentioned plant growth parameters under all moisture regimes. The highest seed yield (1243.56 kg ha-1) was obtained under well-watered condition without ABA application. Increasing ABA concentration decreased seed yield in all moisture regimes. The highest total phenolic content (8.9 mg g-1 FW) and essential oil yield (20.58 kg ha-1) were obtained from 20 and 5 μM ABA concentration, respectively, under moderate drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Reza Yousefi
- Department of Plant Production & Genetics, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Afshin Tavakoli
- Department of Plant Production & Genetics, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Bahman Farajmand
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Andrea Mastinu
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Koshkin S, Zalles Z, Tobin MF, Toumbacaris N, Spiess C. Optimal allocation in annual plants with density-dependent fitness. Theory Biosci 2021; 140:177-196. [PMID: 33846896 DOI: 10.1007/s12064-021-00343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We study optimal two-sector (vegetative and reproductive) allocation models of annual plants in temporally variable environments that incorporate effects of density-dependent lifetime variability and juvenile mortality in a fitness function whose expected value is maximized. Only special cases of arithmetic and geometric mean maximizers have previously been considered in the literature, and we also allow a wider range of production functions with diminishing returns. The model predicts that the time of maturity is pushed to an earlier date as the correlation between individual lifetimes increases, and while optimal schedules are bang-bang at the extremes, the transition is mediated by schedules where vegetative growth is mixed with reproduction for a wide intermediate range. The mixed growth lasts longer when the production function is less concave allowing for better leveraging of plant size when generating seeds. Analytic estimates are obtained for the power means that interpolate between arithmetic and geometric mean and correspond to partially correlated lifetime distributions.
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25
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Mao Q, Tang L, Ji W, Rennenberg H, Hu B, Ma M. Elevated CO 2 and soil mercury stress affect photosynthetic characteristics and mercury accumulation of rice. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 208:111605. [PMID: 33396125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This is a novel study about responses of leaf photosynthetic traits and plant mercury (Hg) accumulation of rice grown in Hg polluted soils to elevated CO2 (ECO2). The aim of this study was to provide basic information on the acclimation capacity of photosynthesis and Hg accumulation in rice grown in Hg polluted soil under ECO2 at day, night, and full day. For this purpose, we analyzed leaf photosynthetic traits of rice at flowering and grain filling. In addition, chlorophyll content, soluble sugar and Malondialdehyde (MDA) of rice leaves were measured at flowering. Seed yield, ear number, grain number per ear, 1000-grain weight, total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) contents were determined after harvest. Our results showed that Hg polluted soil and ECO2 had no significant effect on leaf chlorophyll content and leaf mass per area (LMA) in rice. The contents of soluble sugar and MDA in leaves increased significantly under ECO2. Mercury polluted soil treatment significantly reduced the light saturated CO2 assimilation rate (Asat) of rice leaves only at flowering, but not at grain filling. Night ECO2 greatly improved rice leaf water use efficiency (WUE). ECO2 greatly increased seed yield and ear number. In addition, ECO2 did not affect THg accumulation in rice organs, but ECO2 and Hg treatment had a significant interaction on MeHg in seeds, husks and roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaozhi Mao
- Center of Molecular Ecological Physiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Lingzhi Tang
- Center of Molecular Ecological Physiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Wenwen Ji
- Center of Molecular Ecological Physiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Center of Molecular Ecological Physiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, PR China
| | - Bin Hu
- Center of Molecular Ecological Physiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Ming Ma
- Center of Molecular Ecological Physiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, No. 2, Tiansheng Road, Beibei District, 400715 Chongqing, PR China.
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26
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Mengarelli DA, Zanor MI. Genome-wide characterization and analysis of the CCT motif family genes in soybean (Glycine max). Planta 2021; 253:15. [PMID: 33392793 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03537-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Soybean possesses 19 CMF genes which mainly arose from duplication events. Their features and motifs are highly conserved but transcriptional data indicated functional diversity in metabolism and stress responses. CCT [for CONSTANS, CONSTANS-like (CO-like), and timing of CAB expression1 (TOC1)] domain-containing genes play important roles in regulating flowering, plant growth, and grain yield and are also involved in stress responses. The CMF (CCT motif family) genes, included in the CCT family, contain a single CCT domain as the only identifiable domain in their predicted protein sequence and are interesting targets for breeding programs. In this study, we identified 19 putative GmCMF genes, based on the latest soybean (Glycine max) genome annotation. The predicted GmCMF proteins were characterized based on conserved structural features, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed including all CMF proteins from rice and Arabidopsis as representative examples of the monocotyledonous (monocot) and dicotyledonous (dicot) plants, respectively. High similarities in the conserved motifs of the protein sequences and the gene structures were found. In addition, by analyzing the CMF gene family in soybean, we identified seven pairs of genes that originated from segmental chromosomal duplication events attributable to the most recent whole-genome duplication (WGD) event in the Glycine lineage. Expression analysis of GmCMF genes in various tissues and after specific treatments demonstrated tissue and stress-response specific differential expression. Gene expression analysis was complemented by the identification of putative cis-elements present in the promoter regions of the genes through a bioinformatics approach, using the existing soybean reference genome sequence and gene models. Co-functional networks inferred from distinct types of genomics data-including microarrays and RNA-seq samples from soybean-revealed that GmCMF genes might play crucial roles in metabolism and transport processes. The results of this study, the first systematic analysis of the soybean CCT gene family, can serve as a strong foundation for further elucidation of their physiological functions and biological roles.
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27
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Lu X, Sun D, Zhang X, Hu H, Kong L, Rookes JE, Xie J, Cahill DM. Stimulation of photosynthesis and enhancement of growth and yield in Arabidopsis thaliana treated with amine-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 156:566-577. [PMID: 33065377 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) of 50 nm diameter particle size with a pore size of approximately 14.7 nm were functionalized with amino groups (Am-MSNs) and the effects of exposure to these positively charged Am-MSNs on each of the life cycle stages of Arabidopsis thaliana were investigated. After growth in half strength MS medium amended with Am-MSNs (0-100 μg/mL) for 7 and 14 days, seed germination rate and seedling growth were significantly increased compared with untreated controls. The seedlings were then transferred to soil and irrigated with Am-MSNs solutions every 3 days until seed harvesting. After four weeks growth in soil, Am-MSNs treated plants showed up-regulation of chlorophyll and carotenoid synthesis-related genes, an increase in the content of photosynthetic pigments and an amplification of plant photosynthetic capacity. All these changes in plants were closely correlated with greater vegetative growth and higher seed yield. In all the experiments, 20 and 50 μg/mL of Am-MSNs were found to be more effective with respect to other treatments, while Am-MSNs at the highest level of 100 μg/mL did not result in oxidative stress or cell membrane damage in the exposed plants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report evaluating both physiological and molecular responses following exposure to plants of these specific Am-MSNs throughout their whole life cycle. Overall, these findings indicate that following exposure Am-MSNs play a major role in the increase in seed germination, biomass, photosynthetic pigments, photosynthetic capacity and seed yield in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Lu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Zhanjiang, 524091, China; Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geelong Campus at Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - Dequan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Zhanjiang, 524091, China
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Zhanjiang, 524091, China
| | - Huigang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Zhanjiang, 524091, China
| | - Lingxue Kong
- Deakin University, Institute for Frontier Materials, Geelong Campus at Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - James E Rookes
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geelong Campus at Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia
| | - Jianghui Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, South Subtropical Crop Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Zhanjiang, 524091, China.
| | - David M Cahill
- Deakin University, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Geelong Campus at Waurn Ponds, Victoria, 3216, Australia.
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Nguyen HN, Perry L, Kisiala A, Olechowski H, Emery RJN. Cytokinin activity during early kernel development corresponds positively with yield potential and later stage ABA accumulation in field-grown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Planta 2020; 252:76. [PMID: 33030628 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Early cytokinin activity and late abscisic acid dynamics during wheat kernel development correspond to cultivars with higher yield potential. Cytokinins represent prime targets for marker development for wheat breeding programs. Two major phytohormone groups, abscisic acid (ABA) and cytokinins (CKs), are of crucial importance for seed development. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield is, to a high degree, determined during the milk and dough stages of kernel development. Therefore, understanding the hormonal regulation of these early growth stages is fundamental for crop-improvement programs of this important cereal. Here, we profiled ABA and 25 CK metabolites (including active forms, precursors and inactive conjugates) during kernel development in five field-grown wheat cultivars. The levels of ABA and profiles of CK forms varied greatly among the tested cultivars and kernel stages suggesting that several types of CK metabolites are involved in spatiotemporal regulation of kernel development. The seed yield potential was associated with the elevated levels of active CK levels (tZ, cZ). Interestingly, the increased kernel cZ levels were followed by higher ABA production, suggesting there is an interaction between these two phytohormones. Furthermore, we analyzed the expression patterns of representatives of the four main CK metabolic gene families. The unique transcriptional patterns of the IPT (biosynthesis) and ZOG (reversible inactivation) gene family members (GFMs) in the high and low yield cultivars additionally indicate that there is a significant association between CK metabolism and yield potential in wheat. Based on these results, we suggest that both CK metabolites and their associated genes, can serve as important, early markers of yield performance in modern wheat breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Ngoc Nguyen
- Biology Department, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada.
| | - Laura Perry
- Biology Department, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Anna Kisiala
- Biology Department, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Henry Olechowski
- Dow Chemical Canada ULC, Suite 2400-215 2nd Street S.W., Calgary, AB, T2P 1M4, Canada
| | - R J Neil Emery
- Biology Department, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9L 0G2, Canada
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Rezzouk FZ, Shahid MA, Elouafi IA, Zhou B, Araus JL, Serret MD. Agronomical and analytical trait data assessed in a set of quinoa genotypes growing in the UAE under different irrigation salinity conditions. Data Brief 2020; 31:105758. [PMID: 32577441 PMCID: PMC7300274 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The data presented here provides a reference to the physiological and agronomical performance of a wide pool of quinoa accessions grown under different salinity conditions in desert areas. This dataset is useful for researchers involved in agronomy and breeding for saline agriculture in arid regions, with particular focus on quinoa and manuring. This dataset includes a wide range of phenotypical and agronomical traits that may be used to develop more efficient experimental set ups and refine simulation models, including crop management and phenotyping protocols. Quinoa is a very promising crop that is amenable to arid zones affected by salinity, which makes it a real alternative for current application in agriculture and it has great potential as a crop in the context of climate change. It may provide a source of income to farmers in developing countries.
The importance of quinoa has been emphasized considerably in the recent decades, as a highly nutritional crop seed that is tolerant to salinity and amenable to arid agronomical conditions. The focus of this paper is to provide raw and a supplemental data of the research article entitled “Agronomic performance of irrigated quinoa in desert areas: comparing different approaches for early assessment of salinity stress” [1], aiming to compare different approaches for early detection, at the genotypic and crop levels, of the effect of salinity caused by irrigation on the agronomic performance of this crop. A set of 20 genotypes was grown under drip irrigation in sandy soil, amended with manure, at the International Center for Biosaline Agriculture (UAE) for two weeks, after which half of the trial was submitted to irrigation with saline water and this was continued until crop maturity. After eight weeks of applying the two irrigation regimes, pigment contents were evaluated in fully expanded leaves. The same leaves were then harvested, dried and the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions (δ13C and δ15N) and the total nitrogen and carbon contents of the dry matter analyzed, together with ion concentrations. At maturity yield components were assessed and yield harvested. Data analysis demonstrated significant differences in genotypes response under each treatment, within all assessed parameters. The significant level was provided using the Tukey-b test on independent samples. The present dataset highlights the potential use of different approaches to crop phenotyping and monitoring decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Zahra Rezzouk
- Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO (Center of Research in Agrotechnology), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | | | - Ismahane A. Elouafi
- International Center for Biosaline Agriculture (ICBA), P.O. Box 14660, Dubai, U.A.E
| | - Bangwei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - José L. Araus
- Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO (Center of Research in Agrotechnology), 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Maria D. Serret
- Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO (Center of Research in Agrotechnology), 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Corresponding author. Maria D. Serret, Section of Plant Physiology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, and AGROTECNIO (Center of Research in Agrotechnology), 25198 Lleida, Spain.
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Silva J, Sukweenadhi J, Myagmarjav D, Mohanan P, Yu J, Shi J, Jung KH, Zhang D, Yang DC, Kim YJ. Overexpression of a novel cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene, CYP704B1, from Panax ginseng increase biomass of reproductive tissues in transgenic Arabidopsis. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4507-18. [PMID: 32424525 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 704B (CYP704B), a member of the CYP86 clan, was found to be needed in Arabidopsis and rice to biosynthesize precursors of sporopollenin through oxidizing fatty acids. In the present study, we cloned and characterized a CYP704B gene in Panax ginseng, named PgCYP704B1. It shared high sequence identity (98-99%) with CYP704 of Arabidopsis, Theobroma cacao, and Morus notabilis. The phylogenetic comparison of ginseng and higher plants between the members of CYP86 clan revealed that ginseng CYP704 was categorized as a group of CYP704B with dicot plants. The expression of PgCYP704B1 is low in the stem, leaf, and fruit, and high in flower buds, particularly detected in the young gametic cell and tapetum layer of the developing anther. Arabidopsis plants overexpressing PgCYP704B1 improved plant biomass such as plant height, siliques and seed number and size. A cytological observation by transverse and longitudinal semi-thin sections of the siliques cuticles revealed that the cell length increased. Furthermore a chemical analysis showed that PgCYP704B1ox lines increased their cutin monomers contents in the siliques. Our results suggest that PgCYP704B1 has a conserved role during male reproduction for fatty acid biosynthesis and its overexpression increases cutin monomers in siliques that eventually could be used for seed production.
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Wang Y, Chen J, Huang Y, Mu Z, Wang C. Coupled influence of precipitation regimes and seedling emergence time on the reproductive strategy in Chloris virgata. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8476. [PMID: 32095337 PMCID: PMC7017796 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Precipitation regime and seedling emergence time both influence plant growth and reproduction. However, little attention has been given to the effects of these combined factors on the reproductive strategy of Chloris virgata, which is a vital species in Songnen grassland. Here, we simulated the changes in the precipitation regime and seedling emergence time to evaluate tiller traits and seed production. The results showed that tiller number behaved similarly among three precipitation regimes when sowed on 15 May (T1), while it increased significantly with precipitation regimes when sowed on 15 June (T2) and 15 July (T3). Tiller number decreased significantly with the seedling emergence time under the same water supply treatment. The proportional allocation of reproductive tiller number to total tiller number was significantly higher at T3 than at T1 and T2. Seed number remained similar under different precipitation regimes at T2 and T3, whereas it was significantly lower under low precipitation than under other water levels at T1. Seed number reached the maximum values at T2 under the same level of precipitation treatment. Seed size was significantly lower under low precipitation compared to other water supply treatments and the lowest values in seed size, about 0.5 mg, occurred at T2 under all the precipitation regimes. The lowest values in spike number were under low precipitation at all seedling emergence times. Seed yield exhibited similar trends with seed size under different precipitation regimes, while the greatest gains in these values were at T1 under all the precipitation regimes. Our findings showed that simulated precipitation regimes and seedling emergence time affected the reproductive strategy of C. virgata. Typical and high precipitation, as well as early seedling emergence, will improve the seed yield and seed quality in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Jilin Jianzhu University, Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- Jilin Jianzhu University, Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yige Huang
- Environmental Geology, The Fifth Geological Survey Institute of Jilin Province, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhongsheng Mu
- Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Changfu Wang
- Jilin Jianzhu University, Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Chirinos-Arias MC, Spampinato CP. Growth and development of AtMSH7 mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 146:329-336. [PMID: 31785519 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is a highly conserved biological pathway that improves the fidelity of DNA replication and recombination. MMR is initiated when MutS proteins recognize mismatches and small loops of unpaired nucleotides. Arabidopsis thaliana and other plants encode MutS protein homologs (MSH) conserved among other eukaryotic organisms, but also encode an extra MSH polypeptide (MSH7). In order to better understand the role of MSH7 in vivo, a full set of phenotypic parameters that covered the development of the plant from seed imbibition to flowering and seed maturation was analyzed in A. thaliana harboring two different msh7 alleles. Plants deficient in MSH7 show statistically significant faster germination rates, longer primary roots during the juvenile vegetative phase, and higher cauline leaf and axillary and lateral inflorescence numbers compared with wild type. We also quantified number, length and area of siliques and seed number per silique. Disruption of MSH7 resulted in a higher number of smaller siliques than wild type. There were no differences in seed number per silique between genotypes. These findings suggest that mutant plant growth appears to be caused by an impaired cell cycle checkpoint that allows cell division without adequate DNA repair. This increase in proliferation activity demonstrates a functional and temporal link between DNA repair and cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Chirinos-Arias
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Claudia P Spampinato
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000, Rosario, Argentina.
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Maharajan T, Ceasar SA, Krishna TPA, Ignacimuthu S. Phosphate supply influenced the growth, yield and expression of PHT1 family phosphate transporters in seven millets. Planta 2019; 250:1433-1448. [PMID: 31300887 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03237-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate starvation altered the root morphology and phosphate uptake with the induction of PHT1 family transporter genes in root and shoot tissues of seven millets. Millets are nutrient-rich cereals majorly cultivated in Asia and Africa. Foxtail millet (FoxM), pearl millet (PeaM), finger millet (FinM), kodo millet (KodM), little millet (LitM), proso millet (ProM), and barnyard millet (BarM) were examined for the influence of external phosphorous (P) supply on phenotypic traits, P uptake, yield, and PHosphate Transporter1 (PHT1) family gene expression. Millet seedlings grown under low Pi condition (LPC) produced significantly lower mean values for all traits except for lateral root length (LRL) and lateral root number (LRN) which were increased under LPC. Under LPC, seed weight (SW) also reduced by > 75% and had significantly lower levels of total P (TP) and Pi contents in leaf and root tissues. Expression dynamics of 12 PHT1 family (PHT1;1-1;12) transporters genes were analyzed in 7 millets. PHT1;2 has been found to be a constitutive transporter gene in all millets. Under LPC, root tissues showed the overexpression of PHT1;2, 1;3, 1;4 and 1;9 in FoxM, PHT1;1, 1;2, 1;3, 1;4, 1;8 and 1;10 in PeaM, PHT1;2 and 1;3 in FinM and ProM and PHT1;3, 1;6 and 1;11 in BarM. In leaf, LPC induced the expression of PHT1;3, 1;4 and 1;6 in FoxM, PHT1;2, 1;3, 1;4 and 1;8 in PeaM, PHT1;2, 1;3 and 1;4 in FinM and KodM, PHT1;2 in LitM and PHT1;4 in ProM and BarnM. This comprehensive study on the influence of P in phenotype, physiology, and molecular responses may help to improve the P uptake and its use efficiency of millets in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theivanayagam Maharajan
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, 600034, India
| | - Stanislaus Antony Ceasar
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, 600034, India.
- Functional Genomics and Plant Molecular Imaging Lab, University of Liege, 4000, Liege, Belgium.
| | | | - Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, 600034, India
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Zhang J, Hu L, Guo L, Ren W, Zhao L, Wang N, Zhang E, Tang J, Chen X. The maintenance of stable yield and high genetic diversity in the agricultural heritage torreya tree system. BMC Ecol 2019; 19:41. [PMID: 31533695 PMCID: PMC6751825 DOI: 10.1186/s12898-019-0256-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding how traditional agriculture systems have been maintained would help design sustainable agriculture. In this study, we examined how farmers have used two types of local trees (Torreya grandis) for stable yield and maintaining genetic diversity in the “globally important agricultural heritage torreya tree system”. The two type of torreya trees are grafted torreya (GT) tree and non-grafted-torreya (NGT) tree. The GT tree has only female and was used to produced seed yields. The NGT tree has both male and female and was used to support GT tree by providing pollens and rootstocks. We first tested the ratio of GT tree to NGT tree, their age groups, ratio of female trees (including GT and NGT trees) to male, and the flowering period of GT and NGT trees. We then tested seed yields and genetic diversity of GT and NGT trees. We further tested gene flow among NGT trees, and the relationship of gene flow with exchange rates of pollens and seeds. Results GT and NGT trees (male and female) were planted in a mosaic pattern with a ratio of 4:1 (GT:NGT). In this planting pattern, one NGT male trees provided pollen for 20 female trees of GT and NGT. The trees were classified into four age groups (I = 100–400 years old; II = 400–700 years old; III = 700–1000 years old; and IV = 1000–1300 years old) based on basal diameter. The entire flowering period was longer for NGT trees than for GT trees that ensured GT trees (which lack of males) being exposed to pollens. GT tree had high and stable seed yield that increased with age groups. High genetic diversity has been maintained in both rootstocks of the GT trees and NGT trees. There was a strong gene flow among NGT trees, which positive correlated with the exchange rates of pollens and seeds. Conclusions Our results suggest that farmers obtain stable seed yields, and maintain high genetic diversity by ingeniously using the local GT tree as yield producer and NGT tree as supporter. These GT and NGT trees together ensure sustainable torreya production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Liangliang Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Liang Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Weizheng Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lufeng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ningjing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Entao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianjun Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, No. 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Stewart-Brown BB, Song Q, Vaughn JN, Li Z. Genomic Selection for Yield and Seed Composition Traits Within an Applied Soybean Breeding Program. G3 (Bethesda) 2019; 9:2253-2265. [PMID: 31088906 PMCID: PMC6643879 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Genomic selection (GS) has become viable for selection of quantitative traits for which marker-assisted selection has often proven less effective. The potential of GS for soybean was characterized using 483 elite breeding lines, genotyped with BARCSoySNP6K iSelect BeadChips. Cross validation was performed using RR-BLUP and predictive abilities (rMP) of 0.81, 0.71, and 0.26 for protein, oil, and yield, were achieved at the largest tested training set size. Minimal differences were observed when comparing different marker densities and there appeared to be inflation in rMP due to population structure. For comparison purposes, two additional methods to predict breeding values for lines of four bi-parental populations within the GS dataset were tested. The first method predicted within each bi-parental population (WP method) and utilized a training set of full-sibs of the validation set. The second method utilized a training set of all remaining breeding lines except for full-sibs of the validation set to predict across populations (AP method). The AP method is more practical as the WP method would likely delay the breeding cycle and leverage smaller training sets. Averaging across populations for protein and oil content, rMP for the AP method (0.55, 0.30) approached rMP for the WP method (0.60, 0.52). Though comparable, rMP for yield was low for both AP and WP methods (0.12, 0.13). Based on increases in rMP as training sets increased and the effectiveness of WP vs. AP method, the AP method could potentially improve with larger training sets and increased relatedness between training and validation sets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin B Stewart-Brown
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics and Dep. of Crop and Soil Sci., University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Qijian Song
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Lab, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705
| | - Justin N Vaughn
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Center for Applied Genetic Technologies, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Zenglu Li
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics and Dep. of Crop and Soil Sci., University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
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Jumrani K, Bhatia VS. Identification of drought tolerant genotypes using physiological traits in soybean. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2019; 25:697-711. [PMID: 31168233 PMCID: PMC6522583 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-019-00665-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In plant breeding programs, screening for drought-tolerance is often a bottleneck. An experiment was conducted in the field and rainout shelters to: (1) identify physiological traits in breeding programs that can be used as criteria for selecting drought tolerance soybean genotypes [Glycine max (L.) Merr], (2) evaluate genotypic differences to drought tolerance, and (3) identify genotypes with superior drought tolerance. Sixteen genotypes were evaluated in split plot design under irrigated and drought conditions. Various physiological traits were measured in irrigated and drought stressed plants such as canopy temperature, root length, specific leaf weight, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll, and epicuticular wax content. As compared with irrigated conditions, the percent reduction in mean soybean yield under rainout shelter was 40%. The mean yields of soybean genotypes ranged from 1162 kg/ha (NRC 12) to 2610 kg/ha (JS 335) under irrigated conditions, whereas, under water stress conditions, yields ranged from 852 kg/ha (Samrat) to 1654 kg/ha (EC 538828). Genotypes EC 538828, JS 97-52, EC 456548, and EC 602288 had better avoidance to drought than other genotypes. The superior drought tolerance of the four genotypes was related to their low canopy temperature, deep root system, and high values for root/shoot weight ratio, specific leaf weight, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, epicuticular wax content, and Photosystem II (PSII) efficiency. Therefore, when genetic diversity of these physiological traits is established in breeding programs, these traits can be used as a selection criterion for selecting drought tolerant genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Jumrani
- Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Indore, India
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Shah S, Karunarathna NL, Jung C, Emrani N. An APETALA1 ortholog affects plant architecture and seed yield component in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). BMC Plant Biol 2018; 18:380. [PMID: 30594150 PMCID: PMC6310979 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1606-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing the productivity of rapeseed as one of the widely cultivated oil crops in the world is of upmost importance. As flowering time and plant architecture play a key role in the regulation of rapeseed yield, understanding the genetic mechanism underlying these traits can boost the rapeseed breeding. Meristem identity genes are known to have pleiotropic effects on plant architecture and seed yield in various crops. To understand the function of one of the meristem identity genes, APETALA1 (AP1) in rapeseed, we performed phenotypic analysis of TILLING mutants under greenhouse conditions. Three stop codon mutant families carrying a mutation in Bna.AP1.A02 paralog were analyzed for different plant architecture and seed yield-related traits. RESULTS It was evident that stop codon mutation in the K domain of Bna.AP1.A02 paralog caused significant changes in flower morphology as well as plant architecture related traits like plant height, branch height, and branch number. Furthermore, yield-related traits like seed yield per plant and number of seeds per plants were also significantly altered in the same mutant family. Apart from phenotypic changes, stop codon mutation in K domain of Bna.AP1.A02 paralog also altered the expression of putative downstream target genes like Bna.TFL1 and Bna.FUL in shoot apical meristem (SAM) of rapeseed. Mutant plants carrying stop codon mutations in the COOH domain of Bna.AP1.A02 paralog did not have a significant effect on plant architecture, yield-related traits or the expression of the downstream targets. CONCLUSIONS We found that Bna.AP1.A02 paralog has pleiotropic effect on plant architecture and yield-related traits in rapeseed. The allele we found in the current study with a beneficial effect on seed yield can be incorporated into rapeseed breeding pool to develop new varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smit Shah
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nirosha L. Karunarathna
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Jung
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nazgol Emrani
- Plant Breeding Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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Mushtaq S, Amjad M, Ziaf K, Afzal I. Gibberellins application timing modulates growth, physiology, and quality characteristics of two onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivars. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:25155-25161. [PMID: 29943247 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2542-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lack of scientific literature exists regarding the effects of gibberellic acid (GA3) application timings on various phenological and physiological aspects of seed crop of locally available onion cultivars. Therefore, current study was planned in Vegetable Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad to optimize the growth stage for GA3 application on seed production in two local onion cultivars (Phulkara and Dark Red) during 2013 and 2014. Application timings of gibberellins at 100 mg/L of H2O were as (G1) control (no spray), (G2) foliar application at 2-3 leaf stage, (G3) foliar application at 6-7 leaf stage, and (G4) foliar application at the time of flowering. Data on average of both years showed that tallest plants (66.15 cm) and maximum number of leaves per plant (84.56) were noted in cv. Phulkara when GA3 was applied at 2-3 leaf stage. Minimum number of days to initiate flowering (47.92) and maximum number of umbels per plant (15.45) were noted with GA3 application at 6-7 leaf stage in Phulkara and Dark Red, respectively. The highest seed yield per umbel (2.94 g) was recorded in cv. Dark Red when GA3 sprayed at 6-7 leaf stage, while GA3 application at the time of flowering in the cv. Phulkara produced seeds with highest seedling vigor index (586.79). Overall, it appears that seed yield and quality characters were promoted by the application of GA3 at different growth stages and could be valuable for seed production of onion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Mushtaq
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Amjad
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khurram Ziaf
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Afzal
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Xiao H, Peng Z, Xu CL, Zhang DG, Chai JL, Pan TT, Yu XJ. Yak and Tibetan sheep trampling inhibit reproductive and photosynthetic traits of Medicago ruthenica var. inschanica. Environ Monit Assess 2018; 190:507. [PMID: 30094727 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6896-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Livestock grazing affects grassland stability, resilience, and productivity owing to trampling, foraging, and excretion. Over time, trampling influences a wide range of grassland components and can have lasting effects. Trampling helps maintain grassland health but may also cause its degradation. In a field experiment over two growing seasons, we simulated yak and sheep trampling at different intensities and investigated their effects on the reproductive and photosynthetic characteristics of Medicago ruthenica var. inschanica in a Tianzhu alpine meadow in Gansu Province, China. Our results show that simulated trampling inhibited the asexual and sexual reproduction and growth of M. ruthenica. The root surface area, root volume, root biomass, pod length, pod number per unit area, number of seeds per pod, thousand-seed weight, and seed yield were significantly reduced under simulated trampling in the upper 30 cm of soil (P < 0.05) but were not reduced in the deeper soil layers (> 30 cm). Light trampling by both yak and Tibetan sheep promoted photosynthesis, while heavy trampling by both species inhibited photosynthesis. Yak trampling inhibited photosynthesis more than Tibetan sheep trampling, and overall, the adverse effects of yak trampling on asexual and sexual reproduction and growth of M. ruthenica were greater than those of Tibetan sheep trampling. Thus, the effect of yak trampling is greater than the effect of trampling by Tibetan sheep, where the different trampling intensities of yak and Tibetan sheep can result in direct but varied influences on grasslands, potentially leading to grassland differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiao
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
- Sino-U.S. Center for Grassland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Zhen Peng
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
- Sino-U.S. Center for Grassland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Chang Lin Xu
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
- Sino-U.S. Center for Grassland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - De Gang Zhang
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
- Sino-U.S. Center for Grassland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Jin Long Chai
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
- Sino-U.S. Center for Grassland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Tao Tao Pan
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
- Sino-U.S. Center for Grassland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Xiao Jun Yu
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China.
- Sino-U.S. Center for Grassland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China.
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Seesangboon A, Gruneck L, Pokawattana T, Eungwanichayapant PD, Tovaranonte J, Popluechai S. Transcriptome analysis of Jatropha curcas L. flower buds responded to the paclobutrazol treatment. Plant Physiol Biochem 2018; 127:276-286. [PMID: 29631212 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Jatropha seeds can be used to produce high-quality biodiesel due to their high oil content. However, Jatropha produces low numbers of female flowers, which limits seed yield. Paclobutrazol (PCB), a plant growth retardant, can increase number of Jatropha female flowers and seed yield. However, the underlying mechanisms of flower development after PCB treatment are not well understood. To identify the critical genes associated with flower development, the transcriptome of flower buds following PCB treatment was analyzed. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis revealed that the flower developmental stage between PCB-treated and control flower buds was similar. Based on the presence of sex organs, flower buds at 0, 4, and 24 h after treatment were chosen for global transcriptome analysis. In total, 100,597 unigenes were obtained, 174 of which were deemed as interesting based on their response to PCB treatment. Our analysis showed that the JcCKX5 and JcTSO1 genes were up-regulated at 4 h, suggesting roles in promoting organogenic capacity and ovule primordia formation in Jatropha. The JcNPGR2, JcMGP2-3, and JcHUA1 genes were down-regulated indicating that they may contribute to increased number of female flowers and amount of seed yield. Expression of cell division and cellulose biosynthesis-related genes, including JcGASA3, JcCycB3;1, JcCycP2;1, JcKNAT7, and JcCSLG3 was decreased, which might have caused the compacted inflorescences. This study represents the first report combining SEM-based morphology, qRT-PCR and transcriptome analysis of PCB-treated Jatropha flower buds at different stages of flower development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupharb Seesangboon
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, 333 moo 1, Thasud, Muang, ChiangRai, 57100, Thailand.
| | - Lucsame Gruneck
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, 333 moo 1, Thasud, Muang, ChiangRai, 57100, Thailand.
| | - Tittinat Pokawattana
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, 333 moo 1, Thasud, Muang, ChiangRai, 57100, Thailand.
| | | | - Jantrararuk Tovaranonte
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, 333 moo 1, Thasud, Muang, ChiangRai, 57100, Thailand.
| | - Siam Popluechai
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, 333 moo 1, Thasud, Muang, ChiangRai, 57100, Thailand.
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Barbosa N, Portilla E, Buendia HF, Raatz B, Beebe S, Rao I. Genotypic differences in symbiotic nitrogen fixation ability and seed yield of climbing bean. Plant Soil 2018; 428:223-239. [PMID: 30996486 PMCID: PMC6435206 DOI: 10.1007/s11104-018-3665-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) contributes to improve grain yield under nitrogen (N) deficiency. Climbing beans are known to be superior to bush beans in their potential for SNF. The main objectives of this study were to: (i) quantify genotypic differences in SNF ability of climbing beans using 15N natural abundance method; (ii) identify climbing bean genotypes that combine high SNF ability with high yield potential that could serve as parents in the breeding program; and (iii) test whether δ15N in seed can be used instead of δ15N in shoot for estimating SNF ability. METHODS 98 Climbing bean genotypes were evaluated for SNF ability in terms of nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa). Field trials were conducted at two locations in Colombia. RESULTS Significant genotypic differences were observed in SNF ability. Good yielding lines with 4.6 t ha-1 fixed as much as 60% of their N (up to 92 kg of N fixed ha-1) without application of N fertilizer to soil. CONCLUSIONS Based on evaluations from both locations, seven climbing bean lines (ENF 235, ENF 234, ENF 28, ENF 21, MAC 27, CGA 10 and PO07AT49) were identified as promising genotypes. Seed samples can be used to determine SNF ability, to select for genotypes with superior SNF ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Barbosa
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, A.A, 6713 Cali, Colombia
| | - Elizabeth Portilla
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, A.A, 6713 Cali, Colombia
| | - Hector Fabio Buendia
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, A.A, 6713 Cali, Colombia
| | - Bodo Raatz
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, A.A, 6713 Cali, Colombia
| | - Stephen Beebe
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, A.A, 6713 Cali, Colombia
| | - Idupulapati Rao
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, A.A, 6713 Cali, Colombia
- Present Address: Plant Polymer Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL 61604 USA
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Al-Kahtani SN, Taha EKA, Al-Abdulsalam M. Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) seed yield in relation to phosphorus fertilization and honeybee pollination. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 24:1051-1055. [PMID: 28663703 PMCID: PMC5478283 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation was conducted at the Agricultural and Veterinary Training and Research Station, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, during the alfalfa growing season in 2014. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of phosphorus fertilization and honeybee pollination on alfalfa seed production. The experiment was divided into 9 treatments of open pollination, honeybee pollination, and non-pollination with three different levels (0, 300 or 600 kg P2O5/ha/year) of triple super phosphate. All vegetative growth attributes of Hassawi alfalfa were significantly higher in the non-insect pollination plots, while the yield and yield component traits were significantly higher with either open pollination or honeybee pollination in parallel with the increasing level of phosphorus fertilizer up to 600 kg P2O5/ha/year in light salt-affected loamy sand soils. There was no seed yield in Hassawi alfalfa without insect pollination. Therefore, placing honeybee colonies near the fields of Hassawi alfalfa and adding 600 kg P2O5/ha/year can increase seed production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Naser Al-Kahtani
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Kazafy Abdou Taha
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Economic Entomology, College of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
- Corresponding author at: Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.Department of Arid Land AgricultureCollege of Agriculture and Food SciencesKing Faisal UniversityAl-AhsaSaudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Abdulsalam
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
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Su ZZ, Wang T, Shrivastava N, Chen YY, Liu X, Sun C, Yin Y, Gao QK, Lou BG. Piriformospora indica promotes growth, seed yield and quality of Brassica napus L. Microbiol Res 2017; 199:29-39. [PMID: 28454707 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In current scenario, crop productivity is being challenged by decreasing soil fertility. To cope up with this problem, different beneficial microbes are explored to increase the crop productivity with value additions. In this study, Brassica napus L., an important agricultural economic oilseed crop with rich source of nutritive qualities, was interacted with Piriformospora indica, a unique root colonizing fungus with wide host range and multifunctional aspects. The fungus-treated plants showed a significant increase in agronomic parameters with plant biomass, lodging-resistance, early bolting and flowering, oil yield and quality. Nutritional analysis revealed that plants treated by P. indica had reduced erucic acid and glucosinolates contents, and increased the accumulation of N, Ca, Mg, P, K, S, B, Fe and Zn elements. Low erucic acid and glucosinolates contents are important parameters for high quality oil, because oils high in erucic acid and glucosinolates are considered undesirable for human nutrition. Furthermore, the expression profiles of two encoding enzyme genes, Bn-FAE1 and BnECR, which are responsible for regulating erucic acid biosynthesis, were down-regulated at mid- and late- life stages during seeds development in colonized plants. These results demonstrated that P. indica played an important role in enhancing plant growth, rapeseed yield and quality improvement of B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhu Su
- State Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Neeraj Shrivastava
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, New Delhi, India
| | - You-Yuan Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Sun
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yufeng Yin
- Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Kang Gao
- Analysis Center of Agrobiology and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Gan Lou
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Hüner NPA, Dahal K, Bode R, Kurepin LV, Ivanov AG. Photosynthetic acclimation, vernalization, crop productivity and 'the grand design of photosynthesis'. J Plant Physiol 2016; 203:29-43. [PMID: 27185597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Daniel Arnon first proposed the notion of a 'grand design of photosynthesis' in 1982 to illustrate the central role of photosynthesis as the primary energy transformer for all life on Earth. However, we suggest that this concept can be extended to the broad impact of photosynthesis not only in global energy transformation but also in the regulation of plant growth, development, survival and crop productivity through chloroplast redox signalling. We compare and contrast the role of chloroplast redox imbalance, measured as excitation pressure, in governing acclimation to abiotic stress and phenotypic plasticity. Although all photoautrophs sense excessive excitation energy through changes in excitation pressure, the response to this chloroplast redox signal is species dependent. Due to a limited capacity to adjust metabolic sinks, cyanobacteria and green algae induce photoprotective mechanisms which dissipate excess excitation energy at a cost of decreased photosynthetic performance. In contrast, terrestrial, cold tolerant plants such as wheat enhance metabolic sink capacity which leads to enhanced photosynthetic performance and biomass accumulation with minimal dependence on photoprotection. We suggest that the family of nuclear C-repeat binding transcription factors (CBFs) associated with the frost resistance locus, FR2, contiguous with the vernalization locus,VRN1, and mapped to chromosome 5A of wheat, may be critical components that link leaf chloroplast redox regulation to enhanced photosynthetic performance, the accumulation of growth-active gibberellins and the dwarf phenotype during cold acclimation prior to the vegetative to reproductive transition controlled by vernalization in winter cereals. Further genetic, molecular and biochemical research to confirm these links and to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which chloroplast redox modulation of CBF expression leads to enhanced photosynthetic performance is required. Because of the superior abiotic stress tolerance of cold tolerant winter wheat and seed yields that historically exceed those of spring wheat by 30-40%, we discuss the potential to exploit winter cereals for the maintenance or perhaps even the enhancement of cereal productivity under future climate change scenarios that will be required to feed a growing human population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman P A Hüner
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Canada.
| | - Keshav Dahal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Rainer Bode
- Institute of Biology, Freie Universitat, Königin-Luise-Straße 12-16, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonid V Kurepin
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Alexander G Ivanov
- Department of Biology and The Biotron Centre for Experimental Climate Change Research, University of Western Ontario, London N6A 5B7, Canada
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Gangwar M, Sood H, Chauhan RS. Genomics and relative expression analysis identifies key genes associated with high female to male flower ratio in Jatropha curcas L. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:305-22. [PMID: 26878857 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-3953-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Jatropha curcas, has been projected as a major source of biodiesel due to high seed oil content (42 %). A major roadblock for commercialization of Jatropha-based biodiesel is low seed yield per inflorescence, which is affected by low female to male flower ratio (1:25-30). Molecular dissection of female flower development by analyzing genes involved in phase transitions and floral organ development is, therefore, crucial for increasing seed yield. Expression analysis of 42 genes implicated in floral organ development and sex determination was done at six floral developmental stages of a J. curcas genotype (IC561235) with inherently higher female to male flower ratio (1:8-10). Relative expression analysis of these genes was done on low ratio genotype. Genes TFL1, SUP, AP1, CRY2, CUC2, CKX1, TAA1 and PIN1 were associated with reproductive phase transition. Further, genes CUC2, TAA1, CKX1 and PIN1 were associated with female flowering while SUP and CRY2 in female flower transition. Relative expression of these genes with respect to low female flower ratio genotype showed up to ~7 folds increase in transcript abundance of SUP, TAA1, CRY2 and CKX1 genes in intermediate buds but not a significant increase (~1.25 folds) in female flowers, thereby suggesting that these genes possibly play a significant role in increased transition towards female flowering by promoting abortion of male flower primordia. The outcome of study has implications in feedstock improvement of J. curcas through functional validation and eventual utilization of key genes associated with female flowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manali Gangwar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, 173234, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Hemant Sood
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, 173234, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rajinder Singh Chauhan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, 173234, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
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Suh JY, Kim WT. Arabidopsis RING E3 ubiquitin ligase AtATL80 is negatively involved in phosphate mobilization and cold stress response in sufficient phosphate growth conditions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:793-9. [PMID: 26086094 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Phosphate (Pi) remobilization in plants is critical to continuous growth and development. AtATL80 is a plasma membrane (PM)-localized RING E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligase that belongs to the Arabidopsis Tóxicos en Levadura (ATL) family. AtATL80 was upregulated by long-term low Pi (0-0.02 mM KH2PO4) conditions in Arabidopsis seedlings. AtATL80-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis plants (35S:AtATL80-sGFP) displayed increased phosphorus (P) accumulation in the shoots and lower biomass, as well as reduced P-utilization efficiency (PUE) under high Pi (1 mM KH2PO4) conditions compared to wild-type plants. The loss-of-function atatl80 mutant line exhibited opposite phenotypic traits. The atatl80 mutant line bolted earlier than wild-type plants, whereas AtATL80-overexpressors bloomed significantly later and produced lower seed yields than wild-type plants under high Pi conditions. Thus, AtATL80 is negatively correlated not only with P content and PUE, but also with biomass and seed yield in Arabidopsis. In addition, AtATL80-overexpressors were significantly more sensitive to cold stress than wild-type plants, while the atatl80 mutant line exhibited an increased tolerance to cold stress. Taken together, our results suggest that AtATL80, a PM-localized ATL-type RING E3 Ub ligase, participates in the Pi mobilization and cold stress response as a negative factor in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yeon Suh
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
| | - Woo Taek Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea.
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King AJ, Montes LR, Clarke JG, Itzep J, Perez CAA, Jongschaap REE, Visser RGF, van Loo EN, Graham IA. Identification of QTL markers contributing to plant growth, oil yield and fatty acid composition in the oilseed crop Jatropha curcas L. Biotechnol Biofuels 2015; 8:160. [PMID: 26413159 PMCID: PMC4583170 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Economical cultivation of the oilseed crop Jatropha curcas is currently hampered in part due to the non-availability of purpose-bred cultivars. Although genetic maps and genome sequence data exist for this crop, marker-assisted breeding has not yet been implemented due to a lack of available marker-trait association studies. To identify the location of beneficial alleles for use in plant breeding, we performed quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis for a number of agronomic traits in two biparental mapping populations. RESULTS The mapping populations segregated for a range of traits contributing to oil yield, including plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, total seeds per plant, 100-seed weight, seed oil content and fatty acid composition. QTL were detected for each of these traits and often over multiple years, with some variation in the phenotypic variance explained between different years. In one of the mapping populations where we recorded vegetative traits, we also observed co-localization of QTL for stem diameter and plant height, which were both overdominant, suggesting a possible locus conferring a pleotropic heterosis effect. By using a candidate gene approach and integrating physical mapping data from a recent high-quality release of the Jatropha genome, we were also able to position a large number of genes involved in the biosynthesis of storage lipids onto the genetic map. By comparing the position of these genes with QTL, we were able to detect a number of genes potentially underlying seed traits, including phosphatidate phosphatase genes. CONCLUSIONS The QTL we have identified will serve as a useful starting point in the creation of new varieties of J. curcas with improved agronomic performance for seed and oil productivity. Our ability to physically map a significant proportion of the Jatropha genome sequence onto our genetic map could also prove useful in identifying the genes underlying particular traits, allowing more controlled and precise introgression of desirable alleles and permitting the pyramiding or stacking of multiple QTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. King
- />Department of Biology, Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, University of York, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Luis R. Montes
- />Biocombustibles de Guatemala, Guatemala Ciudad, Guatemala
- />Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
- />Graduate School of Experimental Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper G. Clarke
- />Department of Biology, Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, University of York, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Jose Itzep
- />Biocombustibles de Guatemala, Guatemala Ciudad, Guatemala
| | - Cesar A. A. Perez
- />Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Edifico T-8 y T-9 Ciudad Universitaria zona 12, Guatemala Cuidad, Guatemala
| | - Raymond E. E. Jongschaap
- />Wageningen UR Agrosystems Research, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 16, 6708 AP Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Richard G. F. Visser
- />Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eibertus N. van Loo
- />Wageningen UR Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 386, 6700 AJ Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ian A. Graham
- />Department of Biology, Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, University of York, York, YO10 5DD UK
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Dalal J, Lopez H, Vasani NB, Hu Z, Swift JE, Yalamanchili R, Dvora M, Lin X, Xie D, Qu R, Sederoff HW. A photorespiratory bypass increases plant growth and seed yield in biofuel crop Camelina sativa. Biotechnol Biofuels 2015; 8:175. [PMID: 26516348 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0357-351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Camelina sativa is an oilseed crop with great potential for biofuel production on marginal land. The seed oil from camelina has been converted to jet fuel and improved fuel efficiency in commercial and military test flights. Hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel from camelina is environmentally superior to that from canola due to lower agricultural inputs, and the seed meal is FDA approved for animal consumption. However, relatively low yield makes its farming less profitable. Our study is aimed at increasing camelina seed yield by reducing carbon loss from photorespiration via a photorespiratory bypass. Genes encoding three enzymes of the Escherichia coli glycolate catabolic pathway were introduced: glycolate dehydrogenase (GDH), glyoxylate carboxyligase (GCL) and tartronic semialdehyde reductase (TSR). These enzymes compete for the photorespiratory substrate, glycolate, convert it to glycerate within the chloroplasts, and reduce photorespiration. As a by-product of the reaction, CO2 is released in the chloroplast, which increases photosynthesis. Camelina plants were transformed with either partial bypass (GDH), or full bypass (GDH, GCL and TSR) genes. Transgenic plants were evaluated for physiological and metabolic traits. RESULTS Expressing the photorespiratory bypass genes in camelina reduced photorespiration and increased photosynthesis in both partial and full bypass expressing lines. Expression of partial bypass increased seed yield by 50-57 %, while expression of full bypass increased seed yield by 57-73 %, with no loss in seed quality. The transgenic plants also showed increased vegetative biomass and faster development; they flowered, set seed and reached seed maturity about 1 week earlier than WT. At the transcriptional level, transgenic plants showed differential expression in categories such as respiration, amino acid biosynthesis and fatty acid metabolism. The increased growth of the bypass transgenics compared to WT was only observed in ambient or low CO2 conditions, but not in elevated CO2 conditions. CONCLUSIONS The photorespiratory bypass is an effective approach to increase photosynthetic productivity in camelina. By reducing photorespiratory losses and increasing photosynthetic CO2 fixation rates, transgenic plants show dramatic increases in seed yield. Because photorespiration causes losses in productivity of most C3 plants, the bypass approach may have significant impact on increasing agricultural productivity for C3 crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Dalal
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7287, Raleigh, NC 27695-7287 USA
| | - Harry Lopez
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7287, Raleigh, NC 27695-7287 USA
| | - Naresh B Vasani
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7612, Raleigh, NC 27695-7612 USA
| | - Zhaohui Hu
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7287, Raleigh, NC 27695-7287 USA
| | - Jennifer E Swift
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7612, Raleigh, NC 27695-7612 USA
| | - Roopa Yalamanchili
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7612, Raleigh, NC 27695-7612 USA
| | - Mia Dvora
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7612, Raleigh, NC 27695-7612 USA
| | - Xiuli Lin
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7612, Raleigh, NC 27695-7612 USA
| | - Deyu Xie
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7612, Raleigh, NC 27695-7612 USA
| | - Rongda Qu
- Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7287, Raleigh, NC 27695-7287 USA
| | - Heike W Sederoff
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7612, Raleigh, NC 27695-7612 USA
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Dalal J, Lopez H, Vasani NB, Hu Z, Swift JE, Yalamanchili R, Dvora M, Lin X, Xie D, Qu R, Sederoff HW. A photorespiratory bypass increases plant growth and seed yield in biofuel crop Camelina sativa. Biotechnol Biofuels 2015; 8:175. [PMID: 26516348 PMCID: PMC4625952 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-015-0357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Camelina sativa is an oilseed crop with great potential for biofuel production on marginal land. The seed oil from camelina has been converted to jet fuel and improved fuel efficiency in commercial and military test flights. Hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel from camelina is environmentally superior to that from canola due to lower agricultural inputs, and the seed meal is FDA approved for animal consumption. However, relatively low yield makes its farming less profitable. Our study is aimed at increasing camelina seed yield by reducing carbon loss from photorespiration via a photorespiratory bypass. Genes encoding three enzymes of the Escherichia coli glycolate catabolic pathway were introduced: glycolate dehydrogenase (GDH), glyoxylate carboxyligase (GCL) and tartronic semialdehyde reductase (TSR). These enzymes compete for the photorespiratory substrate, glycolate, convert it to glycerate within the chloroplasts, and reduce photorespiration. As a by-product of the reaction, CO2 is released in the chloroplast, which increases photosynthesis. Camelina plants were transformed with either partial bypass (GDH), or full bypass (GDH, GCL and TSR) genes. Transgenic plants were evaluated for physiological and metabolic traits. RESULTS Expressing the photorespiratory bypass genes in camelina reduced photorespiration and increased photosynthesis in both partial and full bypass expressing lines. Expression of partial bypass increased seed yield by 50-57 %, while expression of full bypass increased seed yield by 57-73 %, with no loss in seed quality. The transgenic plants also showed increased vegetative biomass and faster development; they flowered, set seed and reached seed maturity about 1 week earlier than WT. At the transcriptional level, transgenic plants showed differential expression in categories such as respiration, amino acid biosynthesis and fatty acid metabolism. The increased growth of the bypass transgenics compared to WT was only observed in ambient or low CO2 conditions, but not in elevated CO2 conditions. CONCLUSIONS The photorespiratory bypass is an effective approach to increase photosynthetic productivity in camelina. By reducing photorespiratory losses and increasing photosynthetic CO2 fixation rates, transgenic plants show dramatic increases in seed yield. Because photorespiration causes losses in productivity of most C3 plants, the bypass approach may have significant impact on increasing agricultural productivity for C3 crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Dalal
- />Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7287, Raleigh, NC 27695-7287 USA
| | - Harry Lopez
- />Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7287, Raleigh, NC 27695-7287 USA
| | - Naresh B. Vasani
- />Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7612, Raleigh, NC 27695-7612 USA
| | - Zhaohui Hu
- />Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7287, Raleigh, NC 27695-7287 USA
| | - Jennifer E. Swift
- />Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7612, Raleigh, NC 27695-7612 USA
| | - Roopa Yalamanchili
- />Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7612, Raleigh, NC 27695-7612 USA
| | - Mia Dvora
- />Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7612, Raleigh, NC 27695-7612 USA
| | - Xiuli Lin
- />Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7612, Raleigh, NC 27695-7612 USA
| | - Deyu Xie
- />Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7612, Raleigh, NC 27695-7612 USA
| | - Rongda Qu
- />Department of Crop Science, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7287, Raleigh, NC 27695-7287 USA
| | - Heike W. Sederoff
- />Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 7612, Raleigh, NC 27695-7612 USA
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Nejatzadeh-Barandozi F, Darvishzadeh F, Aminkhani A. Effect of nano silver and silver nitrate on seed yield of (Ocimum basilicum L.). Org Med Chem Lett 2014; 4:11. [PMID: 25383311 PMCID: PMC4189604 DOI: 10.1186/s13588-014-0011-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nano silver and silver nitrate on yield of seed in basil plant. The study was carried out in a randomized block design with three replications. Results Four levels of either silver nitrate (0, 100, 200 and 300 ppm) or nano silver (0, 20, 40, and 60 ppm) were sprayed on basil plant at seed growth stage. The results showed that there was no significant difference between 100 ppm of silver nitrate and 60 ppm concentration of nano silver on the shoot silver concentration. However, increasing the concentration of silver nitrate from 100 to 300 ppm caused a decrease in seed yield. In contrast, a raise in the concentration of nano silver from 20 to 60 ppm has led to an improvement in the seed yield. Additionally, the lowest amount of seed yield was found with control plants. Conclusions Finally, with increasing level of silver nitrate, the polyphenol compound content was raised but the enhancing level of nano silver resulting in the reduction of these components. In conclusion, nano silver can be used instead of other compounds of silver.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fariborz Darvishzadeh
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Garmsar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Garmsar, P.O. Box 58168-44799, Iran
| | - Ali Aminkhani
- Department of Chemistry, Khoy Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khoy, Iran
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