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Godwin A, McGill C, Ward A, Sofkova-Bobcheva S, Pieralli S. Phenological phase affects carrot seed production sensitivity to climate change - A panel data analysis. Sci Total Environ 2023; 892:164502. [PMID: 37268143 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
New Zealand is a major producer of carrot seeds globally. Carrots are an important nutritional crop for human consumption. Since the growth and development of carrot seed crops mainly depend on climatic factors, seed yield is extremely susceptible to climate change. This modeling study was undertaken using a panel data approach to determine the impact of the atmospheric conditions (proxied by maximum and minimum temperature) and precipitation during the critical growth stages for seed production in carrot, viz., juvenile phase, vernalization phase, floral development phase, and flowering and seed development phase on carrot seed yield. The panel dataset was created using cross-sections from 28 locations within the Canterbury and Hawke's Bay regions of New Zealand that cultivate carrot seed crops and time series from 2005 to 2022. Pre-diagnostic tests were performed to test the model assumptions, and a fixed effect model was selected subsequently. There was significant (p < 0.01) variability in temperature and rainfall throughout different growing phases, except for precipitation at the vernalization phase. The highest rate of changes in maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and precipitation were recorded during the vernalization phase (+0.254 °C per year), floral development phase (+0.18 °C per year), and juvenile phase (-6.508 mm per year), respectively. Based on marginal effect analysis, the highest significant influence of minimum (187.724 kg/ha of seed yield decrease for each 1 °C increment) and maximum temperature (1 °C rise increases seed yield by 132.728 kg/ha), and precipitation (1 mm increment of rainfall decreases the seed yield by 1.745 kg/ha) on carrot seed yield were reported at vernalization, and flowering and seed development, respectively. The minimum and maximum temperatures have a higher marginal effect on carrot seed production. Analysis of the panel data demonstrates that the production of carrot seeds will be vulnerable to climatic change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asharp Godwin
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jaffna, Ariviyal Nagar, Kilinochchi, Sri Lanka.
| | - Craig McGill
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Ward
- AsureQuality Limited, Batchelar Agriculture Centre, Tennent Drive, PO Box 609, Palmerston North 4440, New Zealand
| | - Svetla Sofkova-Bobcheva
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Simone Pieralli
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; European Commission Joint Research Centre, 41092 Seville, Spain
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Baranda J, Bur A, Tsue T, Shnayder L, Kakarala K, Telfah M, Lin T, Williamson S, Al-Kasspooles M, Ashcraft J, Lakis N, Madan R, Khan Q, Saeed A, Reed G, Weir S, Godwin A, Thomas S, Komiya T, Iwakuma T. A window of opportunity trial of atorvastatin targeting p53 mutant malignancies. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz268.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Muhammad A, Ibrahim MA, Mohammed HA, Erukainure OL, Malami I, Suleiman A, Mansir A, Godwin A, Khalil HA. Response to the letter to the editor on the article 'Alteration of redox status by commonly used antimalarial drugs in the north-western region of Nigeria' by Karolina et al. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 37:1117-1119. [PMID: 29560745 DOI: 10.1177/0960327118765320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Muhammad
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - M A Ibrahim
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - H A Mohammed
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - O L Erukainure
- 2 Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, Nigeria
| | - I Malami
- 3 Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - A Suleiman
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - A Mansir
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - A Godwin
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - H A Khalil
- 1 Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Robertson AH, Larivière C, Leduc CR, McGillis Z, Eger T, Godwin A, Larivière M, Dorman SC. Novel Tools in Determining the Physiological Demands and Nutritional Practices of Ontario FireRangers during Fire Deployments. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169390. [PMID: 28107380 PMCID: PMC5249212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The seasonal profession of wildland fire fighting in Canada requires individuals to work in harsh environmental conditions that are physically demanding. The purpose of this study was to use novel technologies to evaluate the physiological demands and nutritional practices of Canadian FireRangers during fire deployments. METHODS Participants (n = 21) from a northern Ontario Fire Base volunteered for this study and data collection occurred during the 2014 fire season and included Initial Attack (IA), Project Fire (P), and Fire Base (B) deployments. Deployment-specific energy demands and physiological responses were measured using heart-rate variability (HRV) monitoring devices (Zephyr BioHarness3 units). Food consumption behaviour and nutrient quantity and quality were captured using audio-video food logs on iPod Touches and analyzed by NutriBase Pro 11 software. RESULTS Insufficient kilocalories were consumed relative to expenditure for all deployment types. Average daily kilocalories consumed: IA: 3758 (80% consumption rate); P: 2945±888.8; B: 2433±570.8. Average daily kilocalorie expenditure: IA: 4538±106.3; P: 4012±1164.8; B: 2842±649.9. The Average Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein was acceptable: 22-25% (across deployment types). Whereas the AMDR for fat and carbohydrates were high: 40-50%; and low: 27-37% respectively, across deployment types. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to use the described methodology to simultaneously evaluate energy expenditures and nutritional practices in an occupational setting. The results support the use of HRV monitoring and video-food capture, in occupational field settings, to assess job demands. FireRangers expended the most energy during IA, and the least during B deployments. These results indicate the need to develop strategies centered on maintaining physical fitness and improving food practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. H. Robertson
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health (CROSH)–Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - C. Larivière
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health (CROSH)–Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - C. R. Leduc
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health (CROSH)–Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Z. McGillis
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health (CROSH)–Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - T. Eger
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health (CROSH)–Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - A. Godwin
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health (CROSH)–Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - M. Larivière
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health (CROSH)–Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - S. C. Dorman
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health (CROSH)–Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
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Muhammad A, Ibrahim MA, Mohammed HA, Erukainure OL, Malami I, Suleiman A, Mansir A, Godwin A, Khalil HA. Alteration of redox status by commonly used antimalarial drugs in the north-western region of Nigeria. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 36:176-183. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327116641735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the alteration of redox status by commonly used antimalarials in Nigeria. Drugs used were artemisinin, artesunate, chloroquine, coartem and quinine at the final concentrations of 0.5–8.0 mg/mL. Blood samples were collected from malarial patients and apparently healthy humans for comparison. Reduced glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, protein content and lipid peroxidation were determined. All drugs significantly ( p < 0.05) increases the protein level relative to control in normal blood, whereas in the infected, a significant ( p < 0.05) reduction was observed. In normal blood, the antimalarials dose dependently decreased ( p < 0.05) SOD and catalase activities with significant ( p < 0.05) increase in the infected. The level of glutathione in normal blood significantly ( p < 0.05) increases as compared with control, whereas in the infected, similar observation was made except that the levels were less, relative to control sample. Malondialdehyde level significantly ( p < 0.05) increases with increase in drugs concentration even though less than the level in the control with few exceptions. These effects were dose dependent and more pronounced in non-malarial conditions. Commonly used antimalarials might alter the redox status in both healthy and non-healthy subjects thereby inducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Muhammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - MA Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - HA Mohammed
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - OL Erukainure
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, Nigeria
| | - I Malami
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - A Suleiman
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - A Mansir
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - A Godwin
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - HA Khalil
- Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Abstract
While numerous studies have investigated the biomechanics of able-bodied rowing, few studies have been completed with para-rowing set-ups. The purpose of this research was to provide benchmark data for handle kinetics and joint kinematics for able-bodied athletes rowing in para- rowing set-ups on an indoor ergometer. Able-bodied varsity rowers performed maximal trials in three para-rowing set-ups; Legs, Trunk and Arms (LTA), Trunk and Arms (TA) and Arms and Shoulders (AS) rowing. The handle force kinetics of the LTA stroke were comparable to the values for able-bodied literature. Lumbar flexion at the catch, extension at the finish and total range of motion were, however, greater than values in the literature for able-bodied athletes in the LTA set-up. Additionally, rowers in TA and AS set-ups utilised more extreme ranges of motion for lumbar flexion, elbow flexion and shoulder abduction than the LTA set-up. This study provides the first biomechanical values of the para-rowing strokes for researchers, coaches and athletes to use while promoting the safest training programmes possible for para-rowing.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Cutler
- a School of Human Kinetics , Laurentian University , Sudbury , Canada
| | - T Eger
- a School of Human Kinetics , Laurentian University , Sudbury , Canada
| | - T Merritt
- b Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Laurentian University , Sudbury , Canada
| | - A Godwin
- a School of Human Kinetics , Laurentian University , Sudbury , Canada
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Behbod F, Elsarraj H, Hong Y, Valdez K, Chien J, Godwin A, Fields T. Abstract P2-05-05: Expression profiling of in vivo DCIS progression models identified BCL9 as a molecular driver of invasive progression. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-p2-05-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: There are an estimated 60,000 new cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) each year. At present, it is not clear why some DCIS remain non-invasive for decades while others become invasive. A lack of understanding in DCIS pathobiology has led to overtreatment of more than half of DCIS patients. To identify factors that promote DCIS invasion, we have profiled the temporal molecular changes during DCIS transition to invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) using two in vivo models, MIND (mouse-intraductal) and DCIS/IDC tandem lesions. These studies led to the identification of B cell lymphoma-9 as a potential molecular driver of early invasion. BCL9 is a newly found co-activator of Wnt-stimulated β-catenin-mediated transcription. BCL9 has been shown to promote progression of multiple myeloma and colon carcinoma. However its role in breast cancer progression had not been recognized.
Methods: Microarray and RNA sequencing were utilized to characterize the sequential and temporal changes in mRNA expression during DCIS invasive transition. BCL9 shRNA knockdown was performed to assess the role of BCL9 in in vivo invasion, EMT and canonical Wnt signaling. Immunofluorescence of 28 patient DCIS samples was used to assess a correlation between the expression of BCL9 and biomarkers of high risk DCIS. TCGA data was analyzed to assess the status of BCL9 gene alterations in 959 human breast cancers.
Results: Analysis of BCL9, by RNA and protein showed BCL9 up-regulation to be associated with DCIS transition to IDC. Analysis of patient DCIS revealed a significant correlation between high nuclear BCL9 and pathologic characteristics associated with DCIS recurrence: ER and PR negative, high nuclear grade, and high HER2. In vivo silencing of BCL9 resulted in the inhibition of DCIS invasion and reversal of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Analysis of the TCGA data showed BCL9 gene to be altered in 26% of breast cancers. This is a significant alteration when compared to ERBB2 (19%) and ESR1 (8%). A significantly higher proportion of basal like invasive breast cancers showed BCL9 amplification.
Conclusion: BCL9 is a molecular driver of DCIS invasive progression and may predispose to the development of basal like invasive breast cancers. As such, BCL9 has the potential to serve as a biomarker of high risk DCIS and as a therapeutic target for prevention of IDC.
Citation Format: Behbod F, Elsarraj H, Hong Y, Valdez K, Chien J, Godwin A, Fields T. Expression profiling of in vivo DCIS progression models identified BCL9 as a molecular driver of invasive progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-05-05.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Behbod
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - H Elsarraj
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Y Hong
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - K Valdez
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - J Chien
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - A Godwin
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - T Fields
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
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Salmi LR, Barsanti S, Bourgueil Y, Daponte A, Piznal E, Ménival S, Ménival S, Piznal E, Salmi LR, Leleu H, Jusot F, Bourgueil Y, Saton MO, Piznal E, Kovacs Z, Novakovic A, Codina AD, Bolivar J, Mateo I, Pérez IR, Georgiou V, Janzyk V, Salfield N, Ismail Z, Giannoni M, D'Urzo E, Ferialla L, Barsanti S, Heijmans S, Pucci T, Di Loreto P, Cleanthous P, Salmi LR, Mouillet E, Barsanti S, Iacovina N, Nuti S, de Saint Pol E, Piznal E, Salfield N, Szabo Z, Kovacs Z, Novakovic A, Mratovic MC, Boban AD, Daponte A, Bolivar J, Mateo I, Pérez IR, Barnhoorn F, Berghmans L, Harlet J, Bourgueil Y, Bederski K, Theren G, Caleja N, Almeida M, Heijmans S, Marquez S, Carriazo A, Gonzalez-Seco I, Salmi LR, Hofmeister A, Cleanthous P, Daponte A, Bolivar J, Mateo I, Pérez IR, Solano MB, Marquez S, González-Seco I, de Saint Pol E, Piznal E, Godwin A, Mratovic MC, Mourtou E, Berghmans L, Bourgueil Y, Theren G, Hering T, Heijmans S, Barsanti S, Salmi LR, Ménival S, Piznal E, Mouillet E, Berghmans L, Harlet J, Bizel P, Pensis G, Szabo Z, Kovacs Z, Bourgueil Y, Jusot F, Leleu H, Barsanti S, Iacovina N, Daponte A, Bolivar J, Bernal Solano M, Mateo I, Ruis Pérez I, Salfield N, Godwin A, Rajaratnam G, Jobarteh J, Cleanthous P, Heijmans S, Novakovic A, Mratovic MC, Dzona-Boban A, Ismail Z, Giannoni M, D'Urzo E, Ferialla L, Cassucci P, Ammannati B, Tanini D, Bottai R, Berti A, Georgiou V, Hultgren E, Barnhoorn F, de Saint Pol E, Mc Shane M, Gonzalez-Seco I, Guérin D, Wardle M, Sandor J, Theren G, Hofmeister A, Carriazo A, Marquez S, Loizou C, Bederski K, Caleja N, Almeida M. Interventions addressing health inequalities in European regions: the AIR project. Health Promot Int 2015; 32:430-441. [DOI: 10.1093/heapro/dav101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Rachid Salmi
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux F-33000, France
- INSERM, ISPED, Centre INSERM U897-Epidemiologie-Biostatistique, Bordeaux F-33000, France
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pole de sante publique, Service d'information medicale, Bordeaux F-33000, France
| | - Sara Barsanti
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna di Pisa, Laboratorio Management e Sanità, Pisa, Italy
| | - Yann Bourgueil
- Institut de Recherche et de Documentation en Economie de la Santé, Paris, France
| | - Antonio Daponte
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Granada, Andalucia, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Podobnik B, Helk B, Smilović V, Škrajnar Š, Fidler K, Jevševar S, Godwin A, Williams P. Conjugation of PolyPEG to interferon alpha extends serum half-life while maintaining low viscosity of the conjugate. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:452-9. [PMID: 25629733 DOI: 10.1021/bc500523t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The covalent attachment of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to therapeutic proteins is a commonly used approach for extending in vivo half-lives. A potential limitation of this PEGylation strategy is the adverse effect of PEG on conjugate viscosity. Interferon-alpha (IFN) was conjugated via its N-terminal amino group by reductive amination to α-aldehyde functional comb-shaped PolyPEG polymers (50 and 70 kDa) and to linear PEG (30 kDa). In vitro potencies of the purified PEGylated IFN conjugates were measured by reporter gene assay using a HEK293P/ISRE-SEAP cell line. IFN levels were measured in rats following intravenous injection. Viscosities of various linear PEG and PolyPEG polymers along with the polymer-IFN conjugates were determined using a rotational rheometer with cone-and-plate geometry. In vitro potencies and half-lives of the PEGylated IFN conjugates were compared with those of the marketed branched PEG-IFN conjugate PEGASYS. Both PolyPEG-IFN conjugates retained a similar potency as that of the marketed comparator, whereas the linear PEG-IFN conjugate potency was greater. All conjugates showed extended half-lives compared to that of naked IFN, with the PolyPEG conjugates exhibiting the longest half-lives and the linear PEG conjugate, the shortest. Viscosity analysis showed that the linear PEG-IFN conjugate was over twice as viscous as both PolyPEG conjugates. Taken together, this work demonstrates the potential of PolyPEG conjugation to therapeutic proteins as a novel tool for optimizing pharmacokinetic profiles in a way that potentially allows administration of high-dose formulations because of lower conjugate viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Podobnik
- †Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals, Mengeš, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Kolodvorska 27, SI-1234 Mengeš, Slovenia
| | - B Helk
- ‡Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - V Smilović
- †Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals, Mengeš, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Kolodvorska 27, SI-1234 Mengeš, Slovenia
| | - Š Škrajnar
- †Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals, Mengeš, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Kolodvorska 27, SI-1234 Mengeš, Slovenia
| | - K Fidler
- †Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals, Mengeš, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Kolodvorska 27, SI-1234 Mengeš, Slovenia
| | - S Jevševar
- †Sandoz Biopharmaceuticals, Mengeš, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Kolodvorska 27, SI-1234 Mengeš, Slovenia
| | - A Godwin
- §PolyTherics Ltd, Babraham Research Campus, Babraham, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - P Williams
- ∥PolyTherics Ltd, Unit 4, Vanguard Centre, University of Warwick Science Park, Coventry, CV4 7EZ, United Kingdom
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Baranda J, Reed G, Williamson S, Stoltz M, Perez R, Mackay C, Madan R, Scott J, Godwin A. A Phase I Trial of Irinotecan (Iri) and Buparlisib in Previously Treated Patients (Pts) with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (Mcrc): Final Results. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu333.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Macaire P, Nadhari M, Greiss H, Godwin A, Elhanfi O, Sainudeen S, Abdul M, Capdevila X. Internet remote control of pump settings for postoperative continuous peripheral nerve blocks: a feasibility study in 59 patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 33:e1-7. [PMID: 24456617 DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2013.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During continuous peripheral nerve blocks, infusion adjustments are essential for postoperative analgesia without side effects. Beside, physicians and nurse visits related to pump's settings and monitoring are time consuming and costly. We hypothesized that a remote control of pump's settings, by telemedicine transmission, adjusted to patients' feedbacks, is feasible and interesting in optimizing patient's postoperative pain management. METHODS Fifty-nine ASA physical status I and II patients were included. Ropivacaine 0.2% was infused during 72 h in CPNB catheters. After returning to the surgical ward, the patient was allowed to answer a 10 indicators questionnaire 3 times a day (8.00 AM, 2.00 PM, 8.00 PM), or unlimited on patient's demand. This information was transmitted from the pump to a server through the Internet. If one indicator was out of the predefined thresholds, the anesthesiologist in charge was immediately informed by texto on his cell phone. The anesthesiologist connected to the website, checked the data from the patient and modified the settings of the pump by remote control according to a written protocol. The changes need a secure access with a password and a confirmation. The number of settings changes, the time to realize the procedure and the adverse events related to the technique were noted. When the catheter was removed, the pump was unassigned to the patient and the data archived. RESULTS Thirty sciatic, 24 femoral and 5 interscalene catheters were inserted in 59 patients. Five catheters were accidentally removed before the end of the 72-h period. The median VAS pain values at rest and during movement were respectively at 2 and 3. Sixteen patients complained about numbness promoting 2 (0-3) changes in pump settings; 9 about motor blockade with 1 (0-2) change; 5 about difficulties for physiotherapy with 1 (0-3) change. The mean time of pump settings modification after response to questionnaire or voluntarily patient's alert was 15 ± 2.2 minutes. Early physiotherapy in the surgical ward was totally uneventful in 54 patients. The mean value of satisfaction scale of the patients was 8.4 ± 1.6. No adverse event necessitated a postoperative analgesia technique change. CONCLUSION Remote control pump's feedbacks and e-settings for postoperative analgesia using CPNB permitted a real adaptation to patients' needs, complaints and pain VAS values without nurse and physician physical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Macaire
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rashid Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
| | - M Nadhari
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rashid Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - H Greiss
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rashid Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - A Godwin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rashid Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - O Elhanfi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rashid Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - S Sainudeen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rashid Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - M Abdul
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rashid Hospital, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - X Capdevila
- Montpellier University 1, Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Lapeyronie University Hospital, Inserm U 1046, bâtiment Crastes de Paulet, 34000 Montpellier, France
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Baranda J, Reed G, Williamson S, Dickman E, Stoltz M, Madan R, Wright L, Bhalla K, Godwin A. A Phase I Trial of Irinotecan (IRI) and BKM120 in Previously Treated Patients (PTS) With Metastic Colorectal Cancer (MCRC). Ann Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-7534(20)33138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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13
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Jakubowska A, Rozkrut D, Antoniou A, Hamann U, Scott RJ, McGuffog L, Healy S, Sinilnikova OM, Rennert G, Lejbkowicz F, Flugelman A, Andrulis IL, Glendon G, Ozcelik H, Thomassen M, Paligo M, Aretini P, Kantala J, Aroer B, von Wachenfeldt A, Liljegren A, Loman N, Herbst K, Kristoffersson U, Rosenquist R, Karlsson P, Stenmark-Askmalm M, Melin B, Nathanson KL, Domchek SM, Byrski T, Huzarski T, Gronwald J, Menkiszak J, Cybulski C, Serrano P, Osorio A, Cajal TR, Tsitlaidou M, Benítez J, Gilbert M, Rookus M, Aalfs CM, Kluijt I, Boessenkool-Pape JL, Meijers-Heijboer HEJ, Oosterwijk JC, van Asperen CJ, Blok MJ, Nelen MR, van den Ouweland AMW, Seynaeve C, van der Luijt RB, Devilee P, Easton DF, Peock S, Frost D, Platte R, Ellis SD, Fineberg E, Evans DG, Lalloo F, Eeles R, Jacobs C, Adlard J, Davidson R, Eccles D, Cole T, Cook J, Godwin A, Bove B, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Caux-Moncoutier V, Belotti M, Tirapo C, Mazoyer S, Barjhoux L, Boutry-Kryza N, Pujol P, Coupier I, Peyrat JP, Vennin P, Muller D, Fricker JP, Venat-Bouvet L, Johannsson OT, Isaacs C, Schmutzler R, Wappenschmidt B, Meindl A, Arnold N, Varon-Mateeva R, Niederacher D, Sutter C, Deissler H, Preisler-Adams S, Simard J, Soucy P, Durocher F, Chenevix-Trench G, Beesley J, Chen X, Rebbeck T, Couch F, Wang X, Lindor N, Fredericksen Z, Pankratz VS, Peterlongo P, Bonanni B, Fortuzzi S, Peissel B, Szabo C, Mai PL, Loud JT, Lubinski J. Association of PHB 1630 C>T and MTHFR 677 C>T polymorphisms with breast and ovarian cancer risk in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers: results from a multicenter study. Br J Cancer 2012; 106:2016-24. [PMID: 22669161 PMCID: PMC3388557 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The variable penetrance of breast cancer in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers suggests that other genetic or environmental factors modify breast cancer risk. Two genes of special interest are prohibitin (PHB) and methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), both of which are important either directly or indirectly in maintaining genomic integrity. METHODS To evaluate the potential role of genetic variants within PHB and MTHFR in breast and ovarian cancer risk, 4102 BRCA1 and 2093 BRCA2 mutation carriers, and 6211 BRCA1 and 2902 BRCA2 carriers from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1 and BRCA2 (CIMBA) were genotyped for the PHB 1630 C>T (rs6917) polymorphism and the MTHFR 677 C>T (rs1801133) polymorphism, respectively. RESULTS There was no evidence of association between the PHB 1630 C>T and MTHFR 677 C>T polymorphisms with either disease for BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers when breast and ovarian cancer associations were evaluated separately. Analysis that evaluated associations for breast and ovarian cancer simultaneously showed some evidence that BRCA1 mutation carriers who had the rare homozygote genotype (TT) of the PHB 1630 C>T polymorphism were at increased risk of both breast and ovarian cancer (HR 1.50, 95%CI 1.10-2.04 and HR 2.16, 95%CI 1.24-3.76, respectively). However, there was no evidence of association under a multiplicative model for the effect of each minor allele. CONCLUSION The PHB 1630TT genotype may modify breast and ovarian cancer risks in BRCA1 mutation carriers. This association need to be evaluated in larger series of BRCA1 mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
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Osorio A, Milne RL, Alonso R, Pita G, Peterlongo P, Teulé A, Nathanson KL, Domchek SM, Rebbeck T, Lasa A, Konstantopoulou I, Hogervorst FB, Verhoef S, van Dooren MF, Jager A, Ausems MGEM, Aalfs CM, van Asperen CJ, Vreeswijk M, Waisfisz Q, Van Roozendaal CE, Ligtenberg MJ, Easton DF, Peock S, Cook M, Oliver CT, Frost D, Curzon B, Evans DG, Lalloo F, Eeles R, Izatt L, Davidson R, Adlard J, Eccles D, Ong KR, Douglas F, Downing S, Brewer C, Walker L, Nevanlinna H, Aittomäki K, Couch FJ, Fredericksen Z, Lindor NM, Godwin A, Isaacs C, Caligo MA, Loman N, Jernström H, Barbany-Bustinza G, Liljegren A, Ehrencrona H, Stenmark-Askmalm M, Feliubadaló L, Manoukian S, Peissel B, Zaffaroni D, Bonanni B, Fortuzzi S, Johannsson OT, Chenevix-Trench G, Chen XC, Beesley J, Spurdle AB, Sinilnikova OM, Healey S, McGuffog L, Antoniou AC, Brunet J, Radice P, Benítez J. Evaluation of the XRCC1 gene as a phenotypic modifier in BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Results from the consortium of investigators of modifiers of BRCA1/BRCA2. Br J Cancer 2011; 104:1356-61. [PMID: 21427728 PMCID: PMC3078599 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in DNA repair are good candidates to be tested as phenotypic modifiers for carriers of mutations in the high-risk susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. The base excision repair (BER) pathway could be particularly interesting given the relation of synthetic lethality that exists between one of the components of the pathway, PARP1, and both BRCA1 and BRCA2. In this study, we have evaluated the XRCC1 gene that participates in the BER pathway, as phenotypic modifier of BRCA1 and BRCA2. METHODS Three common SNPs in the gene, c.-77C>T (rs3213245) p.Arg280His (rs25489) and p.Gln399Arg (rs25487) were analysed in a series of 701 BRCA1 and 576 BRCA2 mutation carriers. RESULTS An association was observed between p.Arg280His-rs25489 and breast cancer risk for BRCA2 mutation carriers, with rare homozygotes at increased risk relative to common homozygotes (hazard ratio: 22.3, 95% confidence interval: 14.3-34, P<0.001). This association was further tested in a second series of 4480 BRCA1 and 3016 BRCA2 mutation carriers from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1 and BRCA2. CONCLUSIONS AND INTERPRETATION No evidence of association was found when the larger series was analysed which lead us to conclude that none of the three SNPs are significant modifiers of breast cancer risk for mutation carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Osorio
- Human Genetics Group, Spanish National Cancer Centre, C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Godwin A, Takahara G, Agnew M, Stevenson J. Functional data analysis as a means of evaluating kinematic and kinetic waveforms. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/14639220903023368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Pape-Zambito D, Kistler J, Chen X, Li X, Chen Y, Cai K, Wu H, Huang M, Yeung A, Patchefsky A, Daly M, Godwin A. Molecular Biomarkers of Columnar Cell Lesions Identified by Proteomic Approaches. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-2142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The widespread increase in the use of screening mammography has led to a significant rise in the detection and diagnosis of benign breast disease (BBD), which encompasses a wide variety of non-cancerous changes including columnar cell lesions (CCL). Epidemiologic studies provide evidence for a relationship between BBD and subsequent risk of developing breast cancer. Observational studies have reported CCL are found adjacent to areas of tubular carcinoma and ductal and lobular carcinomas in situ and recently published molecular data state that genetic abnormalities frequently found in low grade ductal carcinoma in situ are also found in CCL. All these data support the hypothesis that CCL are the earliest morphologically distinguishable precursor lesions to low grade ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma. However, BBD is heterogeneous and there is limited understanding of the biological importance associated with the spectrum of lesions. The lack of accurate molecular-based risk categories, therefore, hinders the ability of assigning prognostic significance to benign biopsy findings. The purpose of our study was to identify putative molecular markers of cancer progression from epithelial cells of BBD lesions. Regions of ductal hyperplasia (DH) and normal breast epithelium were isolated from mastectomy specimens using laser capture microdissection and extracted proteins were analyzed through proteomic approaches. Of the 1,500 total protein spots resolved by 2-dimensional electrophoresis, 98 were differentially expressed between DH and normal breast epithelial proteomes. Twenty-two proteins or related isoforms were identified using mass spectrometry. Two proteins of particular interest, NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and galectin-3, were further investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on cases diagnosed with BBD lesions. NQO1 was expressed sporadically in overtly normal epithelial cells lining breast ducts, but was overexpressed in BBD and tumor tissues. Notably, we found that a subpopulation of DH tissues with CCL stained positively for NQO1 and negatively for galectin-3. This finding has significance because CCL can only be diagnosed morphologically and the presence of CCL in biopsy specimens may indicate a precancerous lesion. However, sectioning artifacts associated with core biopsies can hinder morphological diagnosis of CCL, thus a means to additionally identify these lesions using IHC has tremendous value. Together, immunohistochemical staining of NQO1 and galectin-3 may prove to be clinically relevant in the identification of CCL in biopsy samples.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2142.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - X. Chen
- 1Fox Chase Cancer Center, PA,
| | - X. Li
- 2Fox Chase Cancer Center, PA,
| | - Y. Chen
- 2Fox Chase Cancer Center, PA,
| | - K. Cai
- 1Fox Chase Cancer Center, PA,
| | - H. Wu
- 3Fox Chase Cancer Center, PA,
| | | | | | | | - M. Daly
- 4Fox Chase Cancer Center, PA,
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17
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Anderson KS, Sibani S, Wong J, Hainsworth E, Mendoza EA, Eugene R, Raphael J, Logvinenko T, Ramachandran N, Godwin A, Marks J, Engstrom P, LaBaer J. Using custom protein microarrays to identify autoantibody biomarkers for the early detection of breast cancer. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract #2003
Background: Cancer patients make antibodies to tumor-derived proteins that are potential biomarkers for early detection. To detect autoantibodies to tumor antigens in patient sera, we have adapted novel high-density custom protein microarrays (NAPPA) expressing 6,500 candidate tumor antigens for biomarker detection. These arrays are probed with sera from patients with early stage breast cancer and healthy women. Using this approach, we identified antibodies in the sera of breast cancer patients.
 Methods: 6,500 full-length human antigens were expressed using mammalian reticulocyte lysate and captured onto NAPPA protein microarrays. Protein expression (>90%) was confirmed with anti-GST antibodies. Patient sera were added, and bound IgG detected with secondary antibodies. Serum samples were obtained from 103 patients with stages I-III breast cancer, and 103 age-matched control women, all undergoing routine mammography.
 Results: Using high-density protein microarrays, sera from breast cancer patients (n=53) and healthy donor sera (n=53) were screened for autoantibodies to 6,500 protein antigens. Antigens were selected for further analysis if the 95th percentile of signal of cases and controls were significantly different (p<0.05) and if the number of cases with signals above the 95th percentile of controls was larger than the number expected due to random chance (p<0.05). Known tumor antigens, such as p53, were detected, as well as novel antigens such as DCC1, Rab7L and USP44. In total, 768 unique antigens were selected for further analysis with an independent set of breast cancer patient (n=50) and healthy donor sera (n=50).
 Conclusions: Custom in-situ protein microarrays can be used to detect serum tumor antigen-specific antibodies and enables the rapid, simultaneous detection of immunogenic tumor antigens from patient sera. These autoantibodies are being evaluated as potential biomarkers for the early diagnosis of breast cancer.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 2003.
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Affiliation(s)
- KS Anderson
- 1 Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - S Sibani
- 2 Harvard Institute of Proteomics, Cambridge, MA
| | - J Wong
- 1 Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - E Hainsworth
- 2 Harvard Institute of Proteomics, Cambridge, MA
| | - EA Mendoza
- 2 Harvard Institute of Proteomics, Cambridge, MA
| | - R Eugene
- 2 Harvard Institute of Proteomics, Cambridge, MA
| | - J Raphael
- 2 Harvard Institute of Proteomics, Cambridge, MA
| | - T Logvinenko
- 3 Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - A Godwin
- 4 Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - J Marks
- 5 Duke University Medical Center, Durham, MA
| | - P Engstrom
- 4 Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - J LaBaer
- 2 Harvard Institute of Proteomics, Cambridge, MA
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Godwin A, Eger T, Salmoni A, Grenier S, Dunn P. Postural implications of obtaining line-of-sight for seated operators of underground mining load-haul-dump vehicles. Ergonomics 2007; 50:192-207. [PMID: 17419154 DOI: 10.1080/00140130600951970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Operators of load-haul-dump (LHD) vehicles use awkward postures that may be held statically and at extreme ranges of motion for long shift periods to spot hazards in underground mining. This study examined postural variables associated with three amounts of seat rotation intended to maximize line-of-sight during forward driving. Three different models, representing the 1st, 50th and 99th percentile male for height and weight, were positioned with appropriate hand and foot constraints in the virtual LHD cab modelled in Classic JACK v4.0. A total of 15 virtual movement strategies were developed to model the postural behaviour of typical workers and each virtual subject was tested, first with the seat in a neutral 0 degrees position and then with it rotated counter-clockwise to 20 degrees and 45 degrees . Results revealed that reductions in trunk rotation, trunk lateral bend and neck rotation were associated with the seat rotation intervention. The general relationship observed was that as seat rotation increased, view of critical visual attention locations and visible line-of-sight area increased while postural load variables decreased. For the most part, 20 degres of seat rotation was beneficial but 45 dgrees produced significantly greater changes to postural load and visible visual attention locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Godwin
- School of Human Kinetics, Laurentian University, Sudburg, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada.
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Wu H, Barusevicius A, Babb J, Klein-Szanto A, Godwin A, Elenitsas R, Gelfand JM, Lessin S, Seykora JT. Pleiotrophin expression correlates with melanocytic tumor progression and metastatic potential. J Cutan Pathol 2005; 32:125-30. [PMID: 15606670 DOI: 10.1111/j.0303-6987.2005.00282.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene expression profiling of melanoma and nevic tissue has demonstrated that pleiotrophin (PTN) is significantly overexpressed in human melanomas. METHODS To further evaluate PTN expression in melanocytic lesions, protein immunohistochemistry was performed on the spectrum of melanocytic lesions. RESULTS Melanocytic nevi were consistently negative (n=58). In contrast, the great majority of metastatic melanomas were positive (33/34, 97%). The analysis of 34 primary melanomas demonstrated PTN positivity in 20 lesions while 14 lesions were negative. Within the primary melanomas, PTN immunoreactivity was associated with metastasis (p=0.0004) and decreased melanoma-related survival (p=0.0444). Univariate analysis of PTN immunoreactivity predicted an increased risk for metastasis (relative risk 9.1, p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study confirm previous gene profiling data showing differential PTN expression between melanocytic nevi and melanomas. In addition, lesional PTN expression is associated with metastatic potential and may be a prognostic factor for melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wu
- Department of Pathology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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20
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Fletcher J, Godwin A, Pedone E, Jahangeer B, Buckton G, Brocchini S. The use of precursor polymers to prepare new excipients. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1773-2247(05)50052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Miller SM, Roussi P, Rodoletz M, Daly M, Sherman K, Diefenbach M, Godwin A. Facilitating preventive behaviors among women undergoing BRCA1/2 Testing. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - P. Roussi
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - M. Daly
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | - K. Sherman
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - A. Godwin
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA
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22
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Slack M, Tracey M, Hunsicker K, Godwin A, Patel B, Sumeray M. Urethral retro-resistance pressure: A new clinical measure of urethral function. Neurourol Urodyn 2004; 23:656-61. [PMID: 15382197 DOI: 10.1002/nau.20042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The urethral retro-resistance pressure (URP) is a new retrograde measurement of urethral function. URP is the pressure required to achieve and maintain an open sphincter. The assessment of any potential diagnostic measure must include an evaluation in individuals both with and without disease. In this study, we examined URP values in women without urinary incontinence. METHODS Four centers enrolled 61 women who did not report symptoms of urinary incontinence, and who had negative standing stress tests (SST). Each center was to perform three consecutive URP measurements on each subject. At two centers, 32 subjects returned in 3-7 days for three additional URP measurements. We compared the average URP in this asymptomatic population to the average URP from women symptomatic of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) derived from a previous study. We evaluated the within-subject variation of the URP measurement at a single visit and the within-subject change in URP over time using test and retest values. RESULTS The mean age was 33 +/- 9 years and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 24 +/- 6. URP values were normally distributed. The mean URP at visit 1 was 112.6 +/- 39.2 cm H2O (n = 60). This was statistically significantly different from the mean URP of symptomatic women (69.9 cm H2O, P < 0.0001). The within-subject standard deviation of URP at visit 1 was 12.6 +/- 12.6 cm H2O (n = 60) and at retest visit was 9.3 +/- 6.2 cm H2O (n = 32). For the retest cases, the mean URP at visit 1 was 113.9 +/- 39.9 cm H2O (n = 32) and at retest visit was 125.5 +/- 33.9 cm H2O (n = 32) (Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, P = 0.145). CONCLUSIONS The mean URP measurement obtained in this study of asymptomatic women showed significantly higher values when compared to our study in women with SUI. The URP measurements were consistent within the same subject. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in the URP measurement from visit 1 to retest visit. The data suggest that URP shows promise as a physiological urethral pressure measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Slack
- Hinchingbrooke and Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
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Godwin A, Bolina K, Clochard M, Dinand E, Rankin S, Simic S, Brocchini S. New strategies for polymer development in pharmaceutical science--a short review. J Pharm Pharmacol 2001; 53:1175-84. [PMID: 11578099 DOI: 10.1211/0022357011776612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
We are developing synthetic polymers for pharmaceutical and medical applications. These applications can be broadly grouped on how the polymer will be utilized e.g. material, excipient or molecule. Our focus is to develop polymers with more defined structures that are based on biological, physicochemical and/or materials criteria. Strategies are being developed to more efficiently optimize structure-property correlations during preclinical development. We describe two examples of our research on pharmaceutical polymer development: narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD) homopolymeric precursors which can be functionalized to give families of narrow MWD homo- and co-polymers, and hydrolytically degradable polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Godwin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of London, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy of a triphasic combination oral contraceptive (OC) containing norgestimate and ethinyl estradiol (E2) and placebo in the treatment of metrorrhagic, menometrorrhagic, oligomenorrheic, and polymenorrheic dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB). METHODS In this multicenter, randomized, double-masked study, 201 women (15-50 years of age) with DUB received triphasic norgestimate-ethinyl E2 or placebo, for three consecutive 28-day treatment cycles. Efficacy was determined by evaluating investigator and subject assessments of DUB resolution, abnormal uterine bleeding patterns during an 84-day reference period, and change from baseline in subjects' quality of life. The sample size was based on the assumption that the proportions of subjects exhibiting treatment success (percentage of subjects with investigator and subject overall assessments of DUB resolution of "improved") were 65% for the active group and 40% for the placebo group (alpha = 0.05, 1 - beta = 0.80). RESULTS More than 80% of subjects receiving triphasic norgestimate-ethinyl E2 had improvements in their abnormal bleeding patterns as assessed by investigators, and the subjects themselves compared with fewer than 50% of subjects in the placebo treatment group (P <.001). Abnormal bleeding patterns were reported by significantly fewer subjects receiving triphasic norgestimate-ethinyl E2 than in the placebo treatment group (P <. 001). Change from baseline in physical functioning (eg, self-care, walking, lifting, exercising) was significantly more improved in the triphasic norgestimate-ethinyl E2 group than in the placebo group. CONCLUSION The triphasic combination of norgestimate and ethinyl E2 is an effective treatment for metrorrhagic, menometrorrhagic, oligomenorrheic, and polymenorrheic dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Davis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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25
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Wang-Gohrke S, Weikel W, Risch H, Vesprini D, Abrahamson J, Lerman C, Godwin A, Moslehi R, Olipade O, Brunet JS, Stickeler E, Kieback DG, Kreienberg R, Weber B, Narod SA, Runnebaum IB. Intron variants of the p53 gene are associated with increased risk for ovarian cancer but not in carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 germline mutations. Br J Cancer 1999; 81:179-83. [PMID: 10487631 PMCID: PMC2374363 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6690669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Two biallelic polymorphisms in introns 3 and 6 of the p53 gene were analysed for a possible risk-modifying effect for ovarian cancer. Germline DNA was genotyped from 310 German Caucasian ovarian cancer patients and 364 healthy controls. We also typed 124 affected and 276 unaffected female carriers with known deleterious BRCA1 or BRCA2 germline mutation from high-risk breast-ovarian cancer families. Genotyping was based on PCR and high-resolution gel electrophoresis. German ovarian cancer patients who carried the rare allele of the MspI restriction fragment length polymorphism (RELP) in intron 6 were found to have an overall 1.93-fold increased risk (95% confidence internal (CI) 1.27-2.91) which further increased with the age at diagnosis of 41-60 years (odds ratio (OR) 2.71, 95% CI 1.10-6.71 for 41-50 and OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.12-5.28 for 51-60). The 16 bp duplication polymorphism in intron 3 was in a strong linkage to the MspI RFLP. In BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers, no difference in allele frequency was observed for carriers affected or unaffected with ovarian cancer. Our data suggest that intronic polymorphisms of the p53 gene modify the risk for ovarian cancer patients but not in carriers with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wang-Gohrke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Ulm, Germany
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Sulak P, Lippman J, Siu C, Massaro J, Godwin A. Clinical comparison of triphasic norgestimate/35 micrograms ethinyl estradiol and monophasic norethindrone acetate/20 micrograms ethinyl estradiol. Cycle control, lipid effects, and user satisfaction. Contraception 1999; 59:161-6. [PMID: 10382078 DOI: 10.1016/s0010-7824(99)00026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This six-cycle, multicenter, open-label, randomized study compared the clinical experience of two low-dose oral contraceptives (OC): a triphasic OC containing norgestimate (NGM) and 35 micrograms ethinyl estradiol (EE) (Ortho Tri-Cyclen) and a monophasic OC containing norethindrone acetate (NETA) and 20 micrograms EE (Loestrin Fe 1/20). Cycle control, lipid and androgen profiles, and user satisfaction were studied in new-start OC users (i.e., no prior use within 60 days). Breakthrough bleeding or breakthrough spotting (BTB/BTS) occurred in a significantly smaller percentage of NGM/EE users than NETA/EE users during each of six cycles (p < or = 0.002). The incidence of BTB/BTS ranged from 3.7% to 13.5% for NGM/EE users and from 23.5% to 49.7% for NETA/EE users. Significantly fewer NGM/EE users than NETA/EE users experienced absence of menses at cycles 2 through 6 (p < or = 0.003). The percentages of women having no menses at each cycle ranged from 0.9% to 4.7% for NGM/EE users and from 10.3% to 21.3% for NETA/EE users. NGM/EE users reported a significantly (p < 0.001) higher level of satisfaction with their OC at the end of six cycles than did NETA/EE users, but there was no significant difference in compliance, discontinuation rates, or adverse events between the two groups. NGM/EE produced a significantly (p < or = 0.001) greater beneficial effect on HDL-C, HDL2, and apo A-I than did NETA/EE. No statistically significant treatment differences were found for total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglycerides, or apo-B. Both OC increased sex hormone binding globulin and decreased free testosterone, but NGM/EE had a significantly greater effect (p < 0.009).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sulak
- Scott & White Memorial Hospital, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Temple, TX 76508, USA
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Redston M, Nathanson KL, Yuan ZQ, Neuhausen SL, Satagopan J, Wong N, Yang D, Nafa D, Abrahamson J, Ozcelik H, Antin-Ozerkis D, Andrulis I, Daly M, Pinsky L, Schrag D, Gallinger S, Kaback M, King MC, Woodage T, Brody LC, Godwin A, Warner E, Weber B, Foulkes W, Offit K. The APCI1307K allele and breast cancer risk. Nat Genet 1998; 20:13-4. [PMID: 9731522 DOI: 10.1038/1666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Brunet JS, Ghadirian P, Rebbeck TR, Lerman C, Garber JE, Tonin PN, Abrahamson J, Foulkes WD, Daly M, Wagner-Costalas J, Godwin A, Olopade OI, Moslehi R, Liede A, Futreal PA, Weber BL, Lenoir GM, Lynch HT, Narod SA. Effect of smoking on breast cancer in carriers of mutant BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998; 90:761-6. [PMID: 9605646 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/90.10.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking has carcinogenic effects, and possibly antiestrogenic effects as well, but it has not been found to be a risk factor for breast cancer in women in the general population. However, hereditary breast cancer is primarily a disease of premenopausal women, and interactions between genes and hormonal and environmental risk factors may be particularly important in this subgroup. METHODS We conducted a matched case-control study of breast cancer among women who have been identified to be carriers of a deleterious mutation in either the BRCA1 or the BRCA2 gene. These women were assessed for genetic risk at one of several genetic counseling programs for cancer in North America. Information about lifetime smoking history was derived from a questionnaire routinely administered to women who were found to carry a mutation in either gene. Smoking histories of case subjects with breast cancer and age-matched healthy control subjects were compared. Odds ratios for developing breast cancer were determined for smokers versus nonsmokers by use of conditional logistic regression for matched sets after adjustment for other known risk factors. RESULTS Subjects with BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations and breast cancer were significantly more likely to have been nonsmokers than were subjects with mutations and without breast cancer (two-sided P = .007). In a multivariate analysis, subjects with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations who had smoked cigarettes for more than 4 pack-years (i.e., number of packs per day multiplied by the number of years of smoking) were found to have a lower breast cancer risk (odds ratio = 0.46, 95% confidence interval = 0.27-0.80; two-sided P = .006) than subjects with mutations who never smoked. CONCLUSIONS This study raises the possibility that smoking reduces the risk of breast cancer in carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Brunet
- Department of Medicine, Women's College Hospital, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Kruh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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30
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the rapid regulation of cell-cell communication by using the microinjection of purified cAMP-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase A), the Ca(2+)-phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C), or the inhibitor proteins (PKI and CKI) that are, respectively, specific for each of these enzymes. Gap junction phenotypes of myometrial tissue and cells were studied by means of immunocytochemistry with antibody to connexin 43 (alpha 1; Cx43). Cells were enzymatically disaggregated from myometrium of nonpregnant, mid-pregnant (Day 14), and late-pregnant (Day 29) rabbit uteri (n = 8 per group) and seeded at high density such that after 4 days, cultures had the appearance of a cross-sectioned myometrium. Purified proteins and their subunits were microinjected, and intercellular communication was evaluated by monitoring Lucifer Yellow dye transfer. Cultures were treated with 0.5 mM 8Br-cAMP (8-bromo adenosine 3',5' cyclic monophosphate) or 10 microM OAG (1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol), which, respectively, activate protein kinase A and protein kinase C. Immunoreactive Cx43 and cell-cell communication were examined 5 min to 2 h later. Cx43 was detected in myometrial cryosections and cultured cells by indirect immunofluorescence, and its expression increased with gestation. Exposure to 8Br-cAMP increased the amount of immunoreactive Cx43. Basal dye transfer was minimal in nonpregnant cells, increased in cells of mid-pregnant uteri, and was maximal in late-pregnant cells. Treatment with 8Br-cAMP enhanced transfer in mid- and late-pregnant cells but had no obvious effect on cells from nonpregnant animals. OAG treatment inhibited dye transfer in greater than 95% of the cells tested irrespective of pregnancy status. PKI inhibited cell-cell communication within 2 min and up to 40 min. Injection of free catalytic subunit of protein kinase A following PKI inhibition restored communication within 2-3 min, with maximal transfer in 4-5 min. Protein kinase C inhibited communication, which resumed in < 3 min after injection of CKI. We conclude that rabbit myometrial cells engage in Cx43-mediated cell-cell communication and that this process increases during pregnancy. Further, activators of protein kinase A or injected free catalytic subunit rapidly enhances cell-cell communication, whereas activators of protein kinase C or the enzyme itself diminishes this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Nnamani
- Division of Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, California 92354
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Weiner LM, Holmes M, Richeson A, Godwin A, Adams GP, Hsieh-Ma ST, Ring DB, Alpaugh RK. Binding and cytotoxicity characteristics of the bispecific murine monoclonal antibody 2B1. J Immunol 1993; 151:2877-86. [PMID: 8103070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Bispecific monoclonal antibodies (BsmAb) with specificity for tumor Ag and effector cell trigger molecules have been shown to redirect the cytotoxicity of several peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations against relevant tumor. The BsmAb, 2B1, binds to the extracellular domain of the c-erbB-2 gene product of the HER2/neu proto-oncogene and to CD16. In this report, the binding and cytotoxic characteristics of 2B1 are presented. Maximal saturation binding of 2B1 to PBL and c-erbB-2 expressing SK-OV-3 cells occurred in the 1 microgram/ml concentration range. However, substantial lysis potentiation was observed at 1000-fold lower BsmAb concentrations. Optimal tumor lysis was obtained when the BsmAb, PBL, and target cells were continuously coincubated. When PBL were franked with 2B1, washed, and added to labeled targets, substantially less lysis was observed. These results suggest that the best way to therapeutically exploit the cytotoxic attributes of 2B1 may be to obtain continuous BsmAb exposure to tumor. Approaches based on franking of this BsmAb to PBL may not be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Weiner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
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Weiner LM, Holmes M, Richeson A, Godwin A, Adams GP, Hsieh-Ma ST, Ring DB, Alpaugh RK. Binding and cytotoxicity characteristics of the bispecific murine monoclonal antibody 2B1. The Journal of Immunology 1993. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.151.5.2877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Bispecific monoclonal antibodies (BsmAb) with specificity for tumor Ag and effector cell trigger molecules have been shown to redirect the cytotoxicity of several peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations against relevant tumor. The BsmAb, 2B1, binds to the extracellular domain of the c-erbB-2 gene product of the HER2/neu proto-oncogene and to CD16. In this report, the binding and cytotoxic characteristics of 2B1 are presented. Maximal saturation binding of 2B1 to PBL and c-erbB-2 expressing SK-OV-3 cells occurred in the 1 microgram/ml concentration range. However, substantial lysis potentiation was observed at 1000-fold lower BsmAb concentrations. Optimal tumor lysis was obtained when the BsmAb, PBL, and target cells were continuously coincubated. When PBL were franked with 2B1, washed, and added to labeled targets, substantially less lysis was observed. These results suggest that the best way to therapeutically exploit the cytotoxic attributes of 2B1 may be to obtain continuous BsmAb exposure to tumor. Approaches based on franking of this BsmAb to PBL may not be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Weiner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - M Holmes
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - A Richeson
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - A Godwin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - G P Adams
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - S T Hsieh-Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - D B Ring
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
| | - R K Alpaugh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111
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Dorshkind K, Green L, Godwin A, Fletcher WH. Connexin-43-type gap junctions mediate communication between bone marrow stromal cells. Blood 1993; 82:38-45. [PMID: 8391877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Several morphologic studies have suggested that gap junctions exist between bone marrow stromal cells. This possibility was examined by analysis of stromal cells present in the adherent layer of primary long-term lymphoid bone marrow cultures and in additional studies using a stromal cell line. Results showing that the fluorescent dye lucifer yellow, when microinjected into a single stromal cell, transferred between most other contacting stroma and that stromal cells were electronically coupled provided support that cell-cell communication occurs between these microenvironmental elements. Additional studies showed that transcripts for connexin (Cx) 43, but not for Cx26 or Cx32, were present in a stromal cell line. To examine the potential for regulated cell-cell communication between the stroma, cells were treated with interleukin-1 (IL-1), a cytokine known to affect stromal cell function, and the effects on dye transfer were examined. IL-1 treatment resulted in a reversible decrease in the ability of dye to transfer between stromal cells in contact. Taken together, these studies show that gap junctions exist between stromal cells and that their permeability can be regulated. However, gap junction-mediated cell-cell communication could not be shown between the stroma and developing lymphoid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Dorshkind
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside 92521-0121
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Coffman FD, Green LM, Godwin A, Ware CF. Cytotoxicity mediated by tumor necrosis factor in variant subclones of the ME-180 cervical carcinoma line: modulation by specific inhibitors of DNA topoisomerase II. J Cell Biochem 1989; 39:95-105. [PMID: 2541144 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.240390202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced cytotoxicity has been investigated using two clonal variants of the ME-180 human cervical carcinoma cell line. The clonal lines were characterized with respect to their expression of TNF receptors, kinetics of cell death, and their ability to communicate intercellularly through gap junctions. The ME-180.4 and ME-180.8 clones were identified by their relative sensitivity to TNF induced lysis in a 24-h assay. The dose of TNF required to kill 50% of the target cells was 60 pM for the sensitive ME-180.4 and 2.5 nM for the ME-180.8. However, when assay times were extended, the dose response for both clones was the same, indicating that a difference in the kinetics of cell death and not absolute TNF sensitivity existed between the ME-180.4 and ME-180.8 clones. Both clones were gap junction deficient as judged by their inability to transfer Lucifer yellow or 6-carboxyfluorescein, a characteristic phenotype of cells sensitive to cytotoxicity by TNF. The level of surface receptor expressed on these clones was nearly identical with a Kd = 0.3 nM and 5,000 binding sites per cell. Measurement of the kinetics of cell death revealed that the time between the addition of TNF and the onset of observed cell death (induction phase) was much shorter for the ME-180.4 (32-55 h) than for the resistant ME-180.8 (55-80 h). Mitomycin C, a DNA alkylating agent, significantly reduced the length of the induction phase for both clones, although the kinetic difference between the clones remained unchanged. Two epipodophyllotoxins, VP-16 and VM-26, which specifically inhibit the rejoining activity of DNA topoisomerase II, showed a 10-100-fold synergistic effect when combined with TNF as shown by isobologram analysis. VM-26 when added to the resistant ME-180.8 clones decreased the length of induction phase and abolished the kinetic difference observed with the ME-180.4 clone. These results indicate that the variance in the TNF response of these two clones was closely associated with DNA topoisomerase II, and suggest that this enzyme may play an important role in TNF mediated cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Coffman
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, University of California, Riverside 92521
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35
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Godwin A. Teamwork builds London's newest hospital. Nurs J India 1975; 66:235-6. [PMID: 1042767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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