1
|
Li K, Wu S, Wang X, Han B, Qin M, Hou X, Liu X. A multicenter, cohort study of catheter ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation with/without atrial fibrillation termination (the termination-atrial fibrillation study). Europace 2024; 26:euae085. [PMID: 38573506 PMCID: PMC11022747 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euae085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kaige Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shaohui Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xinhua Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine Affiliated Renji Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Mu Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xumin Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 241 West Huaihai Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200030, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Clark ZS, O'Connor M. Suppressor analysis links trans-translation and ribosomal protein uS7 to RluD function in Escherichia coli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 700:149584. [PMID: 38295647 PMCID: PMC10878134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The pseudouridine (ψ) synthase, RluD is responsible for three ψ modifications in the helix 69 (H69) of bacterial 23S rRNA. While normally dispensable, rluD becomes critical for rapid cell growth in bacteria that are defective in translation-termination. In slow-growing rluD- bacteria, suppressors affecting termination factors RF2 and RF3 arise frequently and restore normal termination and rapid cell growth. Here we describe two weaker suppressors, affecting rpsG, encoding ribosomal protein uS7 and ssrA, encoding tmRNA. In K-12 strains of E. coli, rpsG terminates at a TGA codon. In the suppressor strain, alteration of an upstream CAG to a TAG stop codon results in a shortened uS7 and partial alleviation of slow growth, likely by replacing an inefficient TGA stop codon with the more efficient TAG. Inefficient termination events, such as occurs in some rluD- strains, are targeted by trans-translation. Inactivation of the ssrA gene in slow-growing, termination-defective mutants lacking RluD and RF3, also partially restores robust growth, most probably by preventing destruction of completed polypeptides on ribosomes at slow-terminating stop codons. Finally, an additional role for RluD has been proposed, independent of its pseudouridine synthase activity. This is based on the observation that plasmids expressing catalytically dead (D139N or D139T) RluD proteins could nonetheless restore robust growth to an E. coli K-12 rluD- mutant. However, newly constructed D139N and D139T rluD plasmids do not have any growth-restoring activity and the original observations were likely due to the appearance of suppressors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary S Clark
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, 306 Spencer Hall, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 5007 Rockhill Rd., Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Michael O'Connor
- Division of Biology and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, 306 Spencer Hall, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 5007 Rockhill Rd., Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Malek M, Homer CS, McDonald C, Hannon CM, Moore P, Wilson AN. Abortion care at 20 weeks and over in Victoria: a thematic analysis of healthcare providers' experiences. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:112. [PMID: 38321392 PMCID: PMC10845525 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06299-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many countries, abortions at 20 weeks and over for indications other than fetal or maternal medicine are difficult to access due to legal restrictions and limited availability of services. The Abortion and Contraception Service at the Royal Women's Hospital in Victoria, Australia is the only service in the state that provides this service. The views and experiences of these abortion providers can give insight into the experiences of staff and women and the abortion system accessibility. The aim of this study was to examine health providers' perceptions and experiences of providing abortion care at 20 weeks and over for indications other than fetal or maternal medicine, as well as enablers and barriers to this care and how quality of care could be improved in one hospital in Victoria, Australia. METHODS A qualitative study was conducted at the Abortion and Contraception Service at the Royal Women's Hospital. Participants were recruited by convenience and purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted one-on-one with participants either online or in-person. A reflexive thematic analysis was performed. RESULTS In total, 17 healthcare providers from medicine, nursing, midwifery, social work and Aboriginal clinical health backgrounds participated in the study. Ultimately, three themes were identified: 'Being committed to quality care: taking a holistic approach', 'Surmounting challenges: being an abortion provider is difficult', and 'Meeting external roadblocks: deficiencies in the wider healthcare system'. Participants felt well-supported by their team to provide person-centred and holistic care, while facing the emotional and ethical challenges of their role. The limited abortion workforce capacity in the wider healthcare system was perceived to compromise equitable access to care. CONCLUSIONS Providers of abortion at 20 weeks and over for non-medicalised indications encounter systemic enablers and barriers to delivering care at personal, service delivery and healthcare levels. There is an urgent need for supportive policies and frameworks to strengthen and support the abortion provider workforce and expand provision of affordable, acceptable and accessible abortions at 20 weeks and over in Victoria and in Australia more broadly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Malek
- Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | | | - Clare McDonald
- Royal Women's Hospital, 20 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Catherine M Hannon
- Royal Women's Hospital, 20 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Paddy Moore
- Royal Women's Hospital, 20 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Alyce N Wilson
- Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
- Royal Women's Hospital, 20 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alay MT, Kalayci A, Seven M. A new perspective on isotretinoin in pregnancy: Pregnancy outcomes, evaluation of complex phenotypes, and importance of teratological counselling. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2023; 291:148-155. [PMID: 37890418 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Teratogens are responsible for 5% of all known causes of congenital anomalies. Isotretinoin, a retinoic acid-derived agent, leads to congenital anomalies in 21-52% of cases when exposure occurs during pregnancy according to studies conducted before 2006. However, rates of congenital anomalies were much lower in later studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the rates of congenital anomalies in isotretinoin exposure during pregnancy, isotretinoin exposure before pregnancy, and a control group unexposed to any teratogenic agents. STUDY DESIGN In this cohort study, we divided pregnant women admitted to our center between 2009 and 2020 into two groups: isotretinoin exposure before and during the pregnancy (n = 77) and isotretinoin exposure before the pregnancy (n = 75). We selected the control group from among the non-teratogen exposed pregnant women with a simple random sampling method. Obstetricians calculated the ages of all pregnancies via ultrasound (USG) (crown-rump diameter for the first trimester; biparietal diameter and femur length for the second trimester). After birth, a pediatric genetics specialist examined all babies. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was conducted on the babies who displayed complex phenotypes. RESULTS Among the isotretinoin exposure before and during the pregnancy, isotretinoin exposure before the pregnancy, and the control groups, there were statistically significant differences in live births (respectively, 64.3 %, 88 %, 93.3 %), congenital anomalies (respectively, 28.6 %, 6.1 %, 1.4 %), miscarriages (respectively, 13 %, 2.7 %, 4 %), terminations (respectively, 32.5 %, 9.3 %, 2.7 %), and premature births (11.9 %, 16.7 %, 2.9 %) (respectively, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.014, p < 0.001). We detected novel phenotypical features in five patients. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that study design, long-term follow-up, teratological counseling, and implementation of advanced molecular analysis in complex phenotypes with novel phenotypical features are beneficial for understanding the association of congenital anomalies with isotretinoin exposure. While evaluating congenital anomalies, we detected statistically significant differences between isotretinoin exposure before and during the pregnancy vs control, but we did not detect any statistically significant differences between isotretinoin exposure before the pregnancy and controls. Another finding of the study is that WES might be an efficient way to evaluate complex phenotypes in isotretinoin-exposed babies; however, further research is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Tarık Alay
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysel Kalayci
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Seven
- Department of Medical Genetics, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Erhardt-Ohren B, Pier E, Arroyo D, Cole W, Hilliard M, Otero-Gonzalez A, Hidalgo-Mora O, Ospina-Henao S, Rochat R, Newton-Levinson A. Extra-legal abortion and post-abortion care knowledge, attitudes, and practices among obstetrician-gynecologist clinicians and medical residents in San José, Costa Rica: a qualitative study. BMC Womens Health 2023; 23:503. [PMID: 37735400 PMCID: PMC10512472 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-023-02639-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induced abortion in Costa Rica is illegal in all cases except to save the life of the pregnant person. Despite severe restrictions to legal abortion, individuals in Costa Rica still induce abortions outside of the formal healthcare system. These individuals and those with spontaneous abortions, also known as miscarriages, occasionally need medical care for complications. In Costa Rica, an estimated 41% of unintended pregnancies end in abortion, yet there is very little published literature exploring the perspectives of healthcare providers on abortion in Costa Rica. METHODS We interviewed ten obstetrician-gynecologist clinicians and five obstetrician-gynecologist medical residents in San José, Costa Rica about their beliefs and practices related to extra-legal abortion and post-abortion care (PAC) using a Spanish language in-depth semi-structured interview guide. After transcription and translation into English, analysis team pairs used a combination of deductive and inductive coding to identify themes and sub-themes within the data. RESULTS Obstetrician-gynecologist clinicians and medical residents were aware of the presence of extra-legal abortion, and particularly, medication abortion, in their communities, but less familiar with dosing for induction. They expressed the desire to provide non-judgmental care and support their patients through extra-legal abortion and PAC journeys. Study participants were most familiar with providing care to individuals with spontaneous abortions. When discussing PAC, they often spoke about a policy of reporting individuals who seek PAC following an extra-legal abortion, without commenting on whether or not they followed the guidance. CONCLUSIONS This study contributes to a gap in research about the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Costa Rican obstetrician-gynecologist clinicians and medical residents around extra-legal abortion and PAC. The results reveal an opportunity to train these healthcare providers as harm reduction experts, who are able to accurately counsel individuals who are seeking abortion services outside of the healthcare system, and to provide training to improve care for individuals needing PAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ellyn Pier
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Daniel Arroyo
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Whitney Cole
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | | | | | - Oscar Hidalgo-Mora
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas, San José, Costa Rica
| | | | - Roger Rochat
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kudu E, Danış F, Karaca MA, Erbil B. Usability of EtCO 2 values in the decision to terminate resuscitation by integrating them into the TOR rule (an extended TOR rule): A preliminary analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19982. [PMID: 37809508 PMCID: PMC10559665 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective End tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) is measured to confirm the placement of an endotracheal tube and evaluate the efficacy of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and as an assistive tool for terminating CPR. However, there are no highly accurate or definitive recommendations for its use when deciding on the termination of CPR. We aimed to merge EtCO2 values with existing termination of resuscitation (TOR) rules to obtain a more accurate combination for terminating resuscitation. Methods This observational, prospective study included non-traumatic adult patients who were admitted to a tertiary university hospital Emergency Medicine Department due to cardiac arrest. EtCO2 cutoff values (at 5, 10, and 20 min) were integrated into currently used TOR parameters (arrest was not witnessed, no bystander CPR was provided, no return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after full advanced life support care in the field, and no shock was delivered) and the extended TOR rule was created. These extended TOR rules were compared at three different times (5, 10, and 20 min) for specificity and positive predictive value for ROSC. Results We included a total of 86 cases. The cutoff value of EtCO2 from ROC analysis was 19.5, 23.5, and 20.5 mmHg at 5, 10, and 20 min, respectively. "The extended TOR rule created with the 20-min EtCO2 cutoff (20.5 mmHg) was the most accurate in detecting ROSC (-) patients. The specificity was 100% (95% CI 63.1-100.0) sensitivity was 20.0% (95% CI 9.1-35.7), positive predictive value was 100% and negative predictive value was 20.0% (95% CI 17.6-22.6) for ROSC (-) patients. The parameters of this rule were as follows: arrest was not witnessed, no bystander CPR was provided, no ROSC after full advanced life support care in the field, no shock was delivered, and EtCO2 value at 20 min of resuscitation <20.5 mmHg. Conclusions Integration of EtCO2 values into the classically used TOR criteria increases the specificity to 100% without a significant decrease in sensitivity. These results need to be validated in larger groups before this rule is used clinically. EtCO2 seems to be a beneficial tool in establishing new TOR rules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emre Kudu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Faruk Danış
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Bolu Izzet Baysal Training and Research Hospital, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Karaca
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hacettepe University Medicine Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bülent Erbil
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hacettepe University Medicine Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hodge JG. "Out Like a Lion:" Terminating the COVID-19 National Public Health Emergency. J Law Med Ethics 2023; 51:443-447. [PMID: 37655578 PMCID: PMC10881264 DOI: 10.1017/jme.2023.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
From its inception, the COVID-19 pandemic has been a disruptive force on U.S. health care and public health systems. President Biden's announced termination of the national public health emergency on May 11, 2023 portends a return to normalcy and relief for Americans from the greatest infectious disease scourge the nation has ever faced. In reality, closing out this pandemic presents a tempest of legal and practical complications.
Collapse
|
8
|
Self B, Maxwell C, Fleming V. The missing voices in the conscientious objection debate: British service users' experiences of conscientious objection to abortion. BMC Med Ethics 2023; 24:65. [PMID: 37605173 PMCID: PMC10441708 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-023-00934-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fourth section of the 1967 Abortion Act states that individuals (including health care practitioners) do not have to participate in an abortion if they have a conscientious objection. A conscientious objection is a refusal to participate in abortion on the grounds of conscience. This may be informed by religious, moral, philosophical, ethical, or personal beliefs. Currently, there is very little investigation into the impact of conscientious objection on service users in Britain. The perspectives of service users are imperative in understanding the real-world consequences and potential impact of conscientious objection and should be considered when creating and reviewing policies and guidelines. This research provided a platform for women and those who can become pregnant to share their experiences and opinions at a time when these voices are largely excluded in the great tradition of Western political philosophy and law-making processes. METHOD Five service users were interviewed using a narrative interview approach to uncover their abortion journeys and experiences of conscientious objection. FINDINGS The findings were presented as found poems and uncovered that doctors are not always: informing service users that they have a conscientious objection to abortion, giving service users enough information to access abortion (indirect referral), treating them non-judgmentally, and providing medically correct information. Service users did not experience burdens such as long waiting times and were still able to access legal abortion. However, service users did experience negative emotional effects, as they were often left feeling scared, angry, and hopeless when they were not referred and/or were mistreated. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that conscientious objection could work in practice. However, it is currently failing some individuals on an emotional level, as not all doctors are adhering to guidelines. Conscientious objection in Britain needs to be addressed, to ensure service users receive fair, impartial, non-judgmental care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Becky Self
- Exchange Station, Tithebarn Street, Liverpool, L2 2QP, UK.
| | - Clare Maxwell
- School of Health, 81 Tithebarn St, Liverpool, L2 2ER, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Martens AM, Lim CC, Kelly M, Haxel CS, Ronai C, Chiu JS. Evaluating How Physician Attitudes May Affect Practice in Fetal Cardiac Counseling. Pediatr Cardiol 2023:10.1007/s00246-023-03210-0. [PMID: 37335356 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-023-03210-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Advances in fetal cardiac imaging over the last few decades have allowed for increased prenatal detection and detailed counseling of congenital heart disease (CHD). When CHD is detected, fetal cardiologists are faced with the challenge of providing nuanced prenatal counseling. Studies in other specialties have shown that differences in physician attitudes exist around termination of pregnancy and correlate with variations in the counseling provided to parents. We conducted an anonymous cross-sectional survey of fetal cardiologists in New England (n = 36) regarding attitudes toward termination of pregnancy and the counseling provided to parents with a fetal diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Using a screening questionnaire, there was no significant difference in the counseling provided to parents regardless of the physician's personal or professional views on termination of pregnancy, age, gender, location, type of practice, or years of experience. There were, however, differences among physicians on reasons to consider termination and their perceived professional responsibility to the fetus or mother. Further investigation on a larger geographic scale may reveal additional insights on variations in physician beliefs and whether such beliefs affect variability in counseling practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Martens
- Pediatrics, Massachusetts General for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chelsey C Lim
- Pediatrics, Massachusetts General for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Kelly
- Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Massachusetts General for Children, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin S Haxel
- Pediatric Cardiology, The University of Vermont Children's Hospital, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Christina Ronai
- Pediatric Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joanne S Chiu
- Pediatric Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Reiffel JA, Blomström-Lundqvist C, Boriani G, Goette A, Kowey PR, Merino JL, Piccini JP, Saksena S, Camm AJ. Real-world utilization of the pill-in-the-pocket method for terminating episodes of atrial fibrillation: data from the multinational Antiarrhythmic Interventions for Managing Atrial Fibrillation (AIM-AF) survey. Europace 2023; 25:euad162. [PMID: 37354453 PMCID: PMC10290490 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euad162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice. Episodes may stop spontaneously (paroxysmal AF); may terminate only via intervention (persistent AF); or may persist indefinitely (permanent AF) (see European and American guidelines, referenced below, for more precise definitions). Recently, there has been renewed interest in an approach to terminate AF acutely referred to as 'pill-in-the-pocket' (PITP). The PITP is recognized in both the US and European guidelines as an effective option using an oral antiarrhythmic drug for acute conversion of acute/recent-onset AF. However, how PITP is currently used has not been systematically evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS The recently published Antiarrhythmic Interventions for Managing Atrial Fibrillation (AIM-AF) survey included questions regarding current PITP usage, stratified by US vs. European countries surveyed, by representative countries within Europe, and by cardiologists vs. electrophysiologists. This manuscript presents the data from this planned sub-study. Our survey revealed that clinicians in both the USA and Europe consider PITP in about a quarter of their patients, mostly for recent-onset AF with minimal or no structural heart disease (guideline appropriate). However, significant deviations exist. See the Graphical abstract for a summary of the data. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the frequent use of PITP and the need for further physician education about appropriate and optimal use of this strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James A Reiffel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, c/o 202 Birkdale Lane, New York, NY 33458, USA
| | - Carina Blomström-Lundqvist
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Medical Science, Uppsala University, akademiska sjukhuset, ingang 35, 2tr 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Boriani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Del Pozzo71, 41124 Moderna, Italy
| | - Andreas Goette
- St. Vincenz Hospital, Am Busdorf 2 33098, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Peter R Kowey
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Lankenau Heart Institute, 100 East Lancaster, Ave, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA
| | - Jose L Merino
- Chief, Arrhythmia & Robotic EP Unit, La Paz University Hospital, and Professor of Cardiology, Universidad Autonoma, IDIPAZ, Madrid, Spain
- La Paz University Hospital, Castellana Avenue, 261, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonathan P Piccini
- Duke University, Duke Clinical Research Institute, 300 West Morgan Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Sanjeev Saksena
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Medical Director and Trustee, Electrophysiologiy Research Foundation, 161 Washington Valley Road, Warren, NJ 07059, USA
| | - A John Camm
- St George’s University Hospitals, Blackshaw Road, Tooting London SW17 0QT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sangtani A, Owens L, Broome DT, Gogineni P, Herman WH, Harris LH, Oshman L. The Impact of New and Renewed Restrictive State Abortion Laws on Pregnancy-Capable People with Diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 2023:10.1007/s11892-023-01512-4. [PMID: 37213059 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-023-01512-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW When the Supreme Court handed down its decision in Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Organization in June 2022, the constitutional right to abortion was no longer protected by Roe v Wade. Fifteen states now have total or near-total bans on abortion care or no clinics providing abortion services. We review how these restrictions affect the medical care of people with pregestational diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS Of the ten states with the highest percent of adult women living with diabetes, eight currently have complete or 6-week abortion bans. People with diabetes are at high risk of diabetes-related pregnancy complications and pregnancy-related diabetes complications and are disproportionately burdened by abortion bans. Abortion is an essential part of comprehensive, evidence-based diabetes care, yet no medical society has published guidelines on pregestational diabetes that explicitly discuss the importance and role of safe abortion care. Medical societies enacting standards for diabetes care and clinicians providing diabetes care must advocate for access to abortion to reduce pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality for pregnant people with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajleeta Sangtani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Lauren Owens
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David T Broome
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Preethi Gogineni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - William H Herman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lisa H Harris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Women's and Gender Studies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lauren Oshman
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zhan Y, Wang Y, Qu Y, Zhang L, Liu X, Liu R, Xue P, Wang J, Qin D, Yue H, Yu C, Lyu J, Guo Y, Chen Z, Jiang Y, Li L, Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group C. Pregnancy Loss in Relation to the Risks of Female-Specific Cancers in a Population-Based Cohort and Mendelian Randomization Study - China, 2004-2017. China CDC Wkly 2023; 5:413-418. [PMID: 37275269 PMCID: PMC10235819 DOI: 10.46234/ccdcw2023.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
What is already known about this topic? Limited evidence exists regarding the relationship between pregnancy loss and female-specific cancers within the Chinese population from prospective cohort studies. What is added by this report? Terminations were associated with a 13% lower risk of endometrial cancer, whereas stillbirths were related to an 18% higher risk of cervical cancer. Rural residents with a history of pregnancy loss experienced a 19% and 38% increased risk of breast and cervical cancers, respectively, compared to their urban counterparts. Moreover, a positive graded relationship between live births and pregnancy loss on cervical cancer was observed. What are the implications for public health practice? This study has significant implications for identifying women at an increased risk for breast and genital cancers and contributes to the development of effective public health strategies for female cancer prevention. Future research on reproductive history, particularly in rural areas, should be given priority in efforts to improve female cancer screening and early detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongle Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yimin Qu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre of Cancer Research, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyi Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxu Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hexin Yue
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lyu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Fuwai Hospital Xishan Branch Court, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit & Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Soletti GJ, Audisio K, Cancelli G, Rahouma M, Dimagli A, Harik L, Olaria RP, Alzghari T, An KR, Polk H, Lia H, Tam DY, Fremes SE, Gaudino M. Predictors of premature termination and completion of randomized controlled trials. Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 130:107219. [PMID: 37156372 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have a key role in progressing biomedical research and guiding clinical decision making, but premature termination remains high (up to 30%), raising concerns regarding funding expenditure and resource allocation. This brief report sought to identify variables associated with RCTs' premature termination and completion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni J Soletti
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katia Audisio
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gianmarco Cancelli
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohammed Rahouma
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arnaldo Dimagli
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lamia Harik
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Talal Alzghari
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin R An
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hillary Polk
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hillary Lia
- Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Derrick Y Tam
- Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen E Fremes
- Schulich Heart Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mario Gaudino
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Platon A, Constantin C, Zamorani Bianchi MP, Becker M, Vallée JP, Challande P, Rubbia-Brandt L, Poletti PA. Early MRI termination with major impact on the radiological interpretation: The experience of a large university hospital. Eur J Radiol 2023; 161:110751. [PMID: 36893680 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2023.110751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the incidence of early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) terminations and analyse their risk factors in a large university hospital. METHOD All consecutive patients aged > 16 years who underwent an MRI over a 14-month period were included. The following parameters were collected: demographics, in- or outpatient, history of claustrophobia, anatomical region investigated, and early MRI termination along with its cause. The potential link between these parameters and early MRI termination was statistically analysed. RESULTS Overall, 22,566MRIs were performed (10,792 [48%] men and 11,774[52%] women, mean age: 57 [range: 16-103] years). Early MRI termination was reported in 183 (0.8%) patients (99 men and 84 women, mean age: 63 years). Of these early terminations, 103 (56%) were due to claustrophobia and 80 (44%) to other causes. Early terminations were more common in inpatients than outpatients (1.2% vs. 0.6%, p < 0.001), for both claustrophobia- and non-claustrophobia-related reasons. A prior history of claustrophobia was strongly associated with claustrophobia-related early termination (6.6% vs. 0.2%, p = 0.0001). Non-claustrophobia-related early terminations were significantly more common (0.6% vs. 0.2%) in elderly patients (>65 years old) than in younger ones. No other parameter was significantly associated with early termination. CONCLUSIONS Early MRI termination is currently rare. The main risk factors for claustrophobia-related terminations comprised a prior history of claustrophobia, and examinations in inpatients. Non-claustrophobia-related early terminations were more common in both elderly patients and inpatients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Platon
- Division of Radiology, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christophe Constantin
- Division of Radiology, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Minerva Becker
- Division of Radiology, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Paul Vallée
- Division of Radiology, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Challande
- Division of Radiology, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chrzanowska-Lightowlers ZM, Lightowlers RN. Translation in Mitochondrial Ribosomes. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2661:53-72. [PMID: 37166631 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3171-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial protein synthesis is essential for the life of aerobic eukaryotes. Without it, oxidative phosphorylation cannot be coupled. Evolution has shaped a battery of factors and machinery that are key to production of just a handful of critical proteins. In this general concept chapter, we attempt to briefly summarize our current knowledge of the overall process in mitochondria from a variety of species, breaking this down to the four parts of translation: initiation, elongation, termination, and recycling. Where appropriate, we highlight differences between species and emphasize gaps in our understanding. Excitingly, with the current revolution in cryoelectron microscopy and mitochondrial genome editing, it is highly likely that many of these gaps will be resolved in the near future. However, the absence of a faithful in vitro reconstituted system to study mitochondrial translation is still problematic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zofia M Chrzanowska-Lightowlers
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - Robert N Lightowlers
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
da Silva Filho JRV, de Moura Neto JB, Arandas JKG, Dos Santos LTA, Queiroz MAÁ, de Nogueira Filho PA, Voltolini TV, de Mesquita FLT, de Carvalho FFR, Ribeiro MN. Does crossbreeding improve the performance and carcass traits of Berganês sheep? Trop Anim Health Prod 2021; 53:451. [PMID: 34535850 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-021-02896-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the performance and carcass of lambs of different genotypes through univariate and multivariate analysis. Intact male lambs of the Berganês (BG), Berganês x Santa Inês (BSI), and Berganês x Dorper (BD) genotypes and the control group Dorper x Santa Inês (DSI) were used. Eight lambs of each genotype were used, aged between 4 and 5 months, with an average initial weight of 27.52 ± 3.79 kg, distributed in a completely randomized design. Data were tested by analyzing variance, followed by Tukey's test and principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant analysis (DA). Slaughter body and average daily gain were higher for BD and BG than BSI (P < 0.05). On the other hand, BSI, BD, and DSI showed higher cold carcass yield than BG (P < 0.05). Lower cooling losses (CL) and more excellent conformation were observed in DSI (P < 0.05). BD showed a higher carcass compactness index (CCI), and DSI showed a higher leg compactness index (LCI) (P < 0.05). PCA produced seven components explaining 83.59% of total data variability. Based on the discriminant analysis, LCI, CL, CCI, and conformation showed greater power to distinguish the genotypes, with a high index of the lambs' classification to their respective genotypes. The crossbreeding improved carcass yield and reduced cooling weight loss. The Berganês ecotype and its crossbreeds have performance and carcass traits compatible with the DSI genotype. According to the DA, heterogeneity was found between the Berganês ecotype and its crossbreeds, with CL, LCI CCI, and conformation showing greater discrimination power.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janaina Kelli Gomes Arandas
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
- Scholarship of the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico E Tecnológico, CNPq, Brasília, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Francisco Fernando Ramos de Carvalho
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
- Scholarship of the Fundação de Apoio À Pesquisa Do Estado de Pernambuco, FACEPE, Recife, Brazil
| | - Maria Norma Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, 52171-900, Brazil
- Scholarship of the Fundação de Apoio À Pesquisa Do Estado de Pernambuco, FACEPE, Recife, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Akinmoladun JA. Termination of Pregnancy for Ultrasound diagnosed Major Fetal Anomalies at a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital: An Initial Experience. West Afr J Med 2021; 38:738-742. [PMID: 34499832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGOUND Major Congenital anomalies are conditions that are severe enough to reduce life expectancy or compromise normal function. The introduction of prenatal screening for fetal anomalies to mid-trimester ultrasonography allows for early detection of many anomalies including the major ones. Once the diagnosis is made, the parents have the options of either terminating or continuing with the pregnancy after proper counselling. The purpose of this study is to determine the pattern of pregnancy termination for major congenital anomalies in our hospital after seven years of commencement of the screening programme. METHODS This was a retrospective study in which all women who presented for prenatal ultrasound screening for fetal anomalies at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria between August 2012 and July 2019 were scanned. Those with ultrasound diagnosed major fetal anomalies were counselled on the severity of the anomalies and were given the options of either continuing with the pregnancy or terminating it. All the data were recorded in a spreadsheet while Statistical analysis was performed using the IBM-SPSS version 20 spreadsheet. RESULTS During the seven-year period, three thousand, one hundred and twenty (3,120) fetuses were screened for fetal anomalies, out of which sixty-one (1.95%) had major anomalies. Twenty (32.8%) of the major anomalies were terminated at various stages of pregnancy. Anomalies of the central nervous system and the musculoskeletal system were the most frequently terminated anomalies, each having 8 fetuses. This was followed by anomalies involving more than one system which were diagnosed in 3 of the fetuses. All the mothers were counselled before the termination of the pregnancies. Nineteen (95%) of the anomalies were confirmed after termination. CONCLUSION The availability of prenatal ultrasound screening permits precise diagnosis of a range of fetal abnormalities, including those incompatible with life. Therefore, termination of pregnancies with major anomalies significantly contributes to the global decrease in perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with birth defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Akinmoladun
- Department of Radiology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Tel: +234 8024747372
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Klint L, Kovács A, Rönnerman E, Linderholm B. Real world data on adjuvant treatment of older HER2-positive breast cancer patients - A single institution experience through 8 years. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2021; 28:100430. [PMID: 34273877 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2021.100430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The large randomized trials on trastuzumab for primary breast cancer (BC) included few old patients. With exception of endocrine treatment, trials on adjuvant therapy for the old group specifically are scarce. AIMS To compare adjuvant treatment, recurrences and survival in old and older-old patients with primary HER2 positive BC. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients ≥ 70 years with diagnose of primary HER2 positive BC from 2008 through 2015 were included in this retrospective non-randomized investigation. Standard clinical and biological data (age, surgery, tumor size, nodal status, histopathological grade, vascular invasion, expression of hormone receptors, recurrences and death) were extracted from patient's charts. Comparisons were performed according to age (old; 70-74 years vs older old; ≥ 75 years) and treatment with trastuzumab or not. Patients that initiated adjuvant trastuzumab but did not complete one year (n = 8) were included in the trastuzumab group in survival analyzes. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated in uni- and multivariate analyses. RESULTS A total of 115 patients were registered, eleven patients had distant metastasis and seven were omitted from all treatment including primary surgery due to serious concomitant illness and a poor general condition leaving 97 patients for analysis. There were no differences between the groups (70-74; n = 40), (≥75; n = 57) in tumor size (p = 0.86), nodal status (p = 0.10), ER (p = 0.25), PgR (p = 1.0) or vascular invasion (p = 1.0). A lower proportion of patients ≥ 75 years received adjuvant trastuzumab (21% versus 70%, p < 0.001). Adjuvant trastuzumab improved RFS (p = 0.027) and OS (p = 0.002) in univariate analyses. The corresponding figures in multivariate analysis adjusted for tumor size, nodal status and grade were RFS (p = 0.0052) and OS (p = 0.0003) respectively. Brain was the most common site of distant metastasis (15% of patients at first recurrence). CONCLUSIONS We show a large difference in delivered adjuvant treatment between old and older old patients with a small proportion of patients aged 75 years or more receiving HER2 directed therapy that resulted in a worse survival. The vast majority can complete the planned treatment. Our results indicate that brain metastases is common also among older patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Klint
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - A Kovács
- Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - E Rönnerman
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - B Linderholm
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gabbard GO. The "dragons of primeval days": Termination and the persistence of the infantile. Int J Psychoanal 2021; 102:595-602. [PMID: 34080934 DOI: 10.1080/00207578.2021.1893992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The persistence of the infantile is nowhere more apparent than in the termination process. This dread of termination may interfere with both the patient's capacity to terminate and the analyst's capacity to let patients go. Certain patients have an intense wish to maintain a permanent connection with the analyst. Analysing that wish does not necessarily change the patient's conviction that they are not ready to fully terminate. The love experienced in the transference may be the best love relationship that the patient has ever had. The intensity and pervasiveness of the infantile in our work may best be glimpsed by studying the defences against the infantile. Ultimately, we must respect the patient's limits in some cases, rather than pick them apart and cajole the patient into another view that we prefer. Freud was perhaps uncharacteristically candid in saying that he questioned whether a true transformation was achieved at the time of termination.
Collapse
|
20
|
Zimmer R. Post- termination self-analysis and the relinquishment of the psychoanalytic frame: thoughts on a fragment of self-analytic work following a traumatic termination. Int J Psychoanal 2021; 102:1116-1137. [PMID: 34032194 DOI: 10.1080/00207578.2021.1904780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Months following the traumatic termination of my analysis I engaged in self-analytic work in which I was able to rework the events of the termination and their significance in terms of my history. Fundamental differences between my self-analytic process and that of my formal analysis led me to consider how termination may affect the ensuing self-analytic process. In this paper, I look at aspects of termination that have to do with the dissolution of symbiotic ties with the analyst; I will try to show that relinquishment of the frame provides an impetus both for consolidation and reworking of an identification with the analyst, which may enable the analysand to develop a personal way of thinking about the unconscious that differs from that of the analyst. I further suggest that there are inevitable limitations to the analytic process which manifest in the development of irreducible bastions, and that the dissolution of the frame at termination provides an opportunity for self-analytic resolution of those bastions which may allow self-understanding beyond what could have been attained within the formal analytic setting. Finally, I offer some speculations on how these processes may have played out between Freud and Fliess in Freud's self-analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Zimmer
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill-Cornell Medical Center, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Alboushi L, Hackett AP, Naeli P, Bakhti M, Jafarnejad SM. Multifaceted control of mRNA translation machinery in cancer. Cell Signal 2021; 84:110037. [PMID: 33975011 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mRNA translation machinery is tightly regulated through several, at times overlapping, mechanisms that modulate its efficiency and accuracy. Due to their fast rate of growth and metabolism, cancer cells require an excessive amount of mRNA translation and protein synthesis. However, unfavorable conditions, such as hypoxia, amino acid starvation, and oxidative stress, which are abundant in cancer, as well as many anti-cancer treatments inhibit mRNA translation. Cancer cells adapt to the various internal and environmental stresses by employing specialised transcript-specific translation to survive and gain a proliferative advantage. We will highlight the major signaling pathways and mechanisms of translation that regulate the global or mRNA-specific translation in response to the intra- or extra-cellular signals and stresses that are key components in the process of tumourigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lilas Alboushi
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Angela P Hackett
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Parisa Naeli
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Seyed Mehdi Jafarnejad
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Blondin M, Esparza J, Jaax S, Meyer PJ. Towards efficient verification of population protocols. Form Methods Syst Des 2021; 57:305-342. [PMID: 34866798 PMCID: PMC8636416 DOI: 10.1007/s10703-021-00367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Population protocols are a well established model of computation by anonymous, identical finite-state agents. A protocol is well-specified if from every initial configuration, all fair executions of the protocol reach a common consensus. The central verification question for population protocols is the well-specification problem: deciding if a given protocol is well-specified. Esparza et al. have recently shown that this problem is decidable, but with very high complexity: it is at least as hard as the Petri net reachability problem, which is TOWER-hard, and for which only algorithms of non-primitive recursive complexity are currently known. In this paper we introduce the class WS 3 of well-specified strongly-silent protocols and we prove that it is suitable for automatic verification. More precisely, we show that WS 3 has the same computational power as general well-specified protocols, and captures standard protocols from the literature. Moreover, we show that the membership and correctness problems for WS 3 reduce to solving boolean combinations of linear constraints over N . This allowed us to develop the first software able to automatically prove correctness for all of the infinitely many possible inputs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Blondin
- Département d’informatique, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l’Université Sherbrooke, Québec, J1K 2R1 Canada
| | - Javier Esparza
- Fakultät für Informatik, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstraße 3, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Stefan Jaax
- Fakultät für Informatik, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstraße 3, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Philipp J. Meyer
- Fakultät für Informatik, Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstraße 3, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ekholuenetale M, Ekholuenetale CE, Barrow A. Prognostic factors of time to first abortion after sexual debut among fragile state Congolese women: a survival analysis. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:525. [PMID: 33731079 PMCID: PMC7968319 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10599-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the common restrictive abortion laws, abortion remains widespread in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries. Women still utilize abortion services and put their lives and health at risk because abortion can only be procured illegally in private facilities such as mid-level or small patent medicine store that may be manned by unskilled providers or through a non-medicated approach. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of abortion, the reasons women had abortions, median years to first abortion after sexual debut and examine the factors of time to first abortion among women of reproductive age in the Republic of Congo. METHODS We used data from the most recent Republic of Congo Demographic and Health Survey (DHS). A total sample of 3622 women aged 15-49 years was analyzed. We estimated the overall prevalence of abortion and median years to first abortion. Furthermore, we examined the factors of time to first abortion after sexual debut using multivariable Cox regression and reported the estimates using adjusted Hazard Ratio (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Statistical significance was determined at p < 0.05. RESULTS The prevalence of abortion was 60.0% and median years of time to first abortion after sexual debut was 9.0. The prominent reasons for abortion were due to too short birth interval (23.8%), lack of money (21.0%) and that husband/partner did not need a child at that time (14.0%). Women's age and region were notable factors in timing to first abortion. Furthermore, women from poorer, middle, richer and richest households had 34, 67, 86 and 94% higher risk of abortion respectively, when compared with women from poorest households (all p < 0.05). Women currently in union/living with a man and formerly in union had 41 and 29% reduction in the risk of abortion respectively, when compared with those never in union (all p < 0.05). In addition, women with primary and secondary+ education had 42 and 76% higher risk of abortion respectively, when compared with women with no formal education (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION There was high prevalence of abortion with short years at first abortion. Abortion was associated with women's characteristics. There is need for unwanted pregnancy prevention intervention and the improvement in pregnancy care to reduce adverse pregnancy outcomes among women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ekholuenetale
- Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Amadou Barrow
- Department of Public and Environmental Health, School of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of The Gambia, Kanifing, The Gambia.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lou S, Hvidtjørn D, Jørgensen ML, Vogel I. "I had to think: This is not a child." A qualitative exploration of how women/couples articulate their relation to the fetus/child following termination of a wanted pregnancy due to Down syndrome. Sex Reprod Healthc 2021; 28:100606. [PMID: 33618259 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2021.100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Termination of a wanted pregnancy due to fetal anomaly may generate complex feelings of grief and loss. The aim of this study was to explore the different ways that women/couples articulated their relation to the fetus/child following a termination of pregnancy due to a prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome. METHOD Qualitative interview study with 21 women/couples who had recently terminated a wanted pregnancy. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS The analysis identified how some women detached themselves from the fetus/child following the diagnosis by mentally separating from the fetus/child, by acting as if they were not pregnant (e.g., by drinking wine), or by deliberately using the term 'fetus' to designate the fetus/child as a biological entity. The analysis also identified accounts of attachment such as singing a lullaby to the fetus/child or using the term 'our child' or 'my baby'. However, accounts of detachment and attachment often intermingled and changed over time. Following the termination, many women/couples felt ambiguous about the sonogram as a symbol of the potential child. Overall, the analysis showed that the relation to and the meaning of the fetus/child was ambiguous and open to reinterpretation. CONCLUSION The main contribution of this study is the identification of how articulations of attachment and detachment are not mutually exclusive but coexist and may change over time. Furthermore, we argue that detachment does not equal indifference. Thus, healthcare professionals must support the couple in finding a terminology and a narrative that are meaningful for them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stina Lou
- DEFACTUM - Public Health & Health Services Research, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Fetal Diagnostics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Dorte Hvidtjørn
- Perinatal Loss Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mathilde L Jørgensen
- Perinatal Loss Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ida Vogel
- Center for Fetal Diagnostics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Simon I, Boudvillain M. A Simple Fluorescence Microplate Assay to Monitor RNA-DNA Hybrid Unwinding by the Bacterial Transcription Termination Factor Rho. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2209:143-61. [PMID: 33201468 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0935-4_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Transcription termination factor Rho contributes to shape the transcriptomes of many bacteria and is essential in a large subset of them. Although the transcription termination function of Rho is not always easy to reconstitute and to study in vitro, assays based on the ATP-dependent RNA-DNA hybrid unwinding activity of the factor can prove useful to dissect Rho mechanisms or to seek new antibiotics targeting Rho. However, current in vitro assays of Rho helicase activity are time-consuming, as they usually require radiolabeling of the hybrid substrates and analysis of reaction products by gel electrophoresis. Here, we describe a fluorescence-based microplate assay that informs on Rho helicase activity in a matter of minutes and allows the multiplexed analysis of conditions required for primary biochemical characterization or for drug screening.
Collapse
|
26
|
Zigler RE. Outpatient abortion in a patient with a previously undiagnosed transverse vaginal septum: A case report. Contraception 2020; 103:132-133. [PMID: 33098851 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A multigravida presented for a 13-week abortion. The surgeon noted a transverse vaginal septum with small central perforation at the time of bimanual exam. The surgeon performed dilation and suction curettage through the septum without resection in the outpatient setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Zigler
- Carolinas Medical Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, United states.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kebede SD, Zhang T. Enforcement of legal remedies against construction projects time overrun in Ethiopia: A critical appraisal. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05126. [PMID: 33102834 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Construction time overrun is one of the common inefficiencies of public construction projects in Ethiopia. Laws and standard construction contracts stipulate different legal remedies against project time overrun. This paper is meant to unravel these legal remedies and their application to construction project time overrun in public construction projects in Ethiopia. To this end, the magnitude of time overrun, its common causes, and the practical implementation of legal remedies against it is exposed through literature review, primary data obtained from 18 roads and 10 public building projects, and interviews of 10 key informants. The result showed, although time is not the essence of construction contract in international standard conditions of contracts, it is a fundamental obligation the breach of which would give rise to termination of the contract under the laws and standard conditions of contracts applicable to public works in Ethiopia. However, the paper established that the practical implantation of these legal remedies against time overrun in public construction projects is very erratic although time overrun is a rampant challenge of the construction industry of the country in general and public construction projects in particular.
Collapse
|
28
|
Masse NM, Kuchta K, Plunkett BA, Ouyang DW. Complications associated with second trimester inductions of labor requiring greater than five doses of misoprostol .. Contraception 2019; 101:53-55. [PMID: 31655074 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate outcomes associated with induction at 14 weeks 0 days-23 weeks 6 days gestation that require five or less vs. six or more misoprostol doses. STUDY DESIGN We performed a retrospective study of vaginal misoprostol inductions from January 2003 to February 2016 to assess complications based on number of misoprostol doses. RESULTS Among 390 women receiving five or fewer doses and 78 women receiving six or more doses, we found similar rates of chorioamnionitis, postpartum hemorrhage, transfusion and retained placenta. CONCLUSION Complication rates were comparable in women receiving more than five versus less than five misoprostol doses for labor induction in the second trimester. IMPLICATIONS Women undergoing second trimester induction undelivered after five doses of misoprostol can receive additional doses without any concern for increased complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Masse
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University Health System, 2650 Ridge Avenue, Evanston, IL, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Chicago, 5801 S. Ellies Avenue, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Kristine Kuchta
- Center for Biomedical and Research Informatics, NorthShore University Health-System, 1001 University Place, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Beth A Plunkett
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University Health System, 2650 Ridge Avenue, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - David W Ouyang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University Health System, 2650 Ridge Avenue, Evanston, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Garr E. Contributions of the basal ganglia to action sequence learning and performance. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:279-295. [PMID: 31541637 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Animals engage in intricately woven and choreographed action sequences that are constructed from trial-and-error learning. The mechanisms by which the brain links together individual actions which are later recalled as fluid chains of behavior are not fully understood, but there is broad consensus that the basal ganglia play a crucial role in this process. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the role of the basal ganglia in action sequencing, with a focus on whether the computational framework of reinforcement learning can capture key behavioral features of sequencing and the neural mechanisms that underlie them. While a simple neurocomputational model of reinforcement learning can capture key features of action sequence learning, this model is not sufficient to capture goal-directed control of sequences or their hierarchical representation. The hierarchical structure of action sequences, in particular, poses a challenge for building better models of action sequencing, and it is in this regard that further investigations into basal ganglia information processing may be informative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Garr
- Graduate Center, City University of New York, 365 5(th) Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Blakeley C, Smith DM, Johnstone ED, Wittkowski A. Parental decision-making following a prenatal diagnosis that is lethal, life-limiting, or has long term implications for the future child and family: a meta-synthesis of qualitative literature. BMC Med Ethics 2019; 20:56. [PMID: 31395047 PMCID: PMC6688313 DOI: 10.1186/s12910-019-0393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information on the factors influencing parents' decision-making process following a lethal, life-limiting or severely debilitating prenatal diagnosis remains deficient. A comprehensive systematic review and meta-synthesis was conducted to explore the influencing factors for parents considering termination or continuation of pregnancy following identification of lethal, life-limiting or severely debilitating fetal abnormalities. METHODS Electronic searches of 13 databases were conducted. These searches were supplemented by hand-searching Google Scholar and bibliographies and citation tracing. Thomas and Harden's (2008) thematic synthesis method was used to synthesise data from identified studies. RESULTS Twenty-four papers were identified and reviewed, but two papers were removed following quality assessment. Three main themes were identified through systematic synthesis. Theme 1, entitled 'all life is precious', described parents' perception of the importance of the fetus' life, a fatalistic view of their situation alongside moral implications as well as the implications decisions would have on their own life, in consideration of previous life experiences. Theme 2 ('hope for a positive outcome') contained two sub-themes which considered the parent's own imagined future and the influence of other people's experiences. Finally, Theme 3 ('a life worth living') presented three sub-themes which may influence their parental decision-making: These described parental consideration of the quality of life for their unborn child, the possibility of waiting to try for another pregnancy, and their own responsibilities and commitments. CONCLUSION The first review to fully explore parental decision-making process following lethal, life-limiting, or severely debilitating prenatal diagnosis provided novel findings and insight into which factors influenced parents' decision-making process. This comprehensive and systematic review provides greater understanding of the factors influential on decision-making, such as hope, morality and potential implications on their own and other's quality of life, will enable professionals to facilitate supported decision-making, including greater knowledge of the variables likely to influence parental choices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Blakeley
- The University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, 2nd Floor, Zochonis Building, Brunswick Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health Foundation Trust, Trust Headquarters, Bury New Road, Prestwich, Manchester, M25 3BL, UK
| | - Debbie M Smith
- The University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, 2nd Floor, Zochonis Building, Brunswick Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Leeds Trinity University, Brownberrie Lane, Horsforth, LS18 5HD, Leeds, UK
| | - Edward D Johnstone
- The University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, 2nd Floor, Zochonis Building, Brunswick Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Central Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Anja Wittkowski
- The University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Health Sciences, Division of Psychology and Mental Health, 2nd Floor, Zochonis Building, Brunswick Street, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
- Greater Manchester Mental Health Foundation Trust, Trust Headquarters, Bury New Road, Prestwich, Manchester, M25 3BL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Mark K, Merchant RM, Hu K. Pregnancy outcomes after removal of osmotic dilators in patients who presented for second-trimester abortion. Contraception 2019; 99:285-287. [PMID: 30689976 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective was to report pregnancy outcomes and potentially related complications among 13 patients who had osmotic dilators placed for second-trimester dilation and evacuation (D&E) followed by subsequent removal with the intention to continue their pregnancies. STUDY DESIGN We reviewed billing and scheduling data between 2005 and 2017 to identify the total number of women seen for D&E and to identify the individuals who had dilators placed without a subsequent scheduled dilation and evacuation. We then performed chart reviews to determine pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS Between 2005 and 2017, we treated 2532 patients who presented for second-trimester abortions by D&E and received osmotic dilators for cervical preparation. Twenty (0.8%) of these women had cervical dilators removed with the intention of continuing their pregnancies. We could obtain outcome data for 13 of these pregnancies; one of these women ultimately elected to have an abortion. Eight of the remaining 12 women (66%) experienced complications which included premature preterm rupture of membranes, preterm delivery, maternal infection and hemorrhage. Six (50%) pregnancies ended in spontaneous abortion or fetal or neonatal death. CONCLUSION Continuation of pregnancy after placement and removal of osmotic dilators may increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. IMPLICATIONS Of the women who had outcome data available, 50% who had cervical dilators removed experienced spontaneous abortion or fetal or neonatal death. Conservatively assuming that all women lost to follow-up had healthy pregnancies, 30% of women experienced fetal or neonatal death and 40% had an adverse pregnancy outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrina Mark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Rashida M Merchant
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kevin Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are attractive hosts for converting carbon dioxide and sunlight into desirable chemical products. To engineer these organisms and manipulate their metabolic pathways, the biotechnology community has developed genetic tools to control gene expression. Many native cyanobacterial promoters and related sequence elements have been used to regulate genes of interest, and heterologous tools that use non-native small molecules to induce gene expression have been demonstrated. Overall, IPTG-based induction systems seem to be leaky and initially demonstrate small dynamic ranges in cyanobacteria. Consequently, a variety of other induction systems have been optimized to enable tighter control of gene expression. Tools require significant optimization because they function quite differently in cyanobacteria when compared to analogous use in model heterotrophs. We hypothesize that these differences are due to fundamental differences in physiology between organisms. This review is not intended to summarize all known products made in cyanobacteria nor the performance (titer, rate, yield) of individual strains, but instead will focus on the genetic tools and the inherent aspects of cellular physiology that influence gene expression in cyanobacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gina C Gordon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brian F Pfleger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Moon MS, Jeong JH, Kim SJ, Kim MS, Choi WR. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Observations of the Conus Medullaris in a Korean Population. Asian Spine J 2018; 13:313-317. [PMID: 30567421 PMCID: PMC6454280 DOI: 10.31616/asj.2018.0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study (level of evidence: level 3). PURPOSE To study the anatomy of the conus medullaris in Koreans. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE The anatomical position of the conus medullaris is well-documented in anatomy textbooks; however, the shape of the conus in the canal rarely described. Furthermore, to our knowledge, no study in Korea has not yet assessed the shape of the conus as well as its position in the canal via cadavaric dissection and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS MRI findings of 189 Korean patients aged 2-94 years (93 men and 94 women) were assessed. No subjects from other ethnicities were included. The method proposed by Arai and colleagues was used to assess the termination point and shape of the conus in the canal. The position of the intervertebral disc trisection of the vertebral body closest to the tip of the conus was recorded at the canal level. RESULTS The tip of the conus medullaris was positioned from the upper T12 body to the L2-L3 disc, mostly in L1 bodies (52.4%), followed by the L2 bodies (22.5%), the L1-L2 disc, and the L2-L3 disc (1.1%). The shape of the conus was classified as type A in 74 (39.6%), type B in 58 (31%), and type C in 55 patients (29.4%). The conus did not terminate at the L3 body in any patient. In the first decade ones (five children) conus positioned rather lowly from L1 bodies to L2-L3 disc, and no type A conus shape, and mostly type B (80%). CONCLUSIONS The conus medullaris was positioned mostly in the lower one-third of L1 and it in the first decades terminated lowly. No type A in the first decade one, and type B was mostly frequently formed which was followed by type C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Sang Moon
- Department of Orthopedic and Traumatic Surgery, Cheju Halla General Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Jeong
- Department of Orthopedic and Traumatic Surgery, Cheju Halla General Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Sang-Jae Kim
- Department of Orthopedic and Traumatic Surgery, Cheju Halla General Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Min-Su Kim
- Department of Orthopedic and Traumatic Surgery, Cheju Halla General Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Won-Rak Choi
- Department of Orthopedic and Traumatic Surgery, Cheju Halla General Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Richards N, Reith D, Stitely M, Smith A. Antiepileptic drug exposure in pregnancy and pregnancy outcome from national drug usage data. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2018; 18:84. [PMID: 29625554 PMCID: PMC5889580 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-018-1728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are used by pregnant women to manage conditions such as epilepsy and bipolar disorder even though they pose a risk to the developing foetus. This study aimed to determine the overall use of AEDs by women during their childbearing years and women who are pregnant and the association between AED use and rates of pregnancy termination and spontaneous abortion. Methods Retrospective population based cohort study using administrative databases in New Zealand between 2008 and 2014. Women who had been pregnant were identified by the National Minimum Dataset and were linked to the Pharmaceutical Collection to obtain information on use of AEDs. Women aged between 15 and 45 years dispensed AEDs were identified in the Pharmaceutical Collection. Results There was an increase in the number of women of child-bearing potential prescribed AEDs, from 9 women per 1000 women in 2008 to 11.4 women per 1000 women in 2014. Women who had been dispensed an AED had an increased rate of spontaneous abortion 8.97 spontaneous abortions per 100 pregnancies, compared with, 6.31 per 100 pregnancies (risk ratio 1.42, 95% CI 1.40 to 1.44), and a decreased rate of pregnancy termination, 18.51 terminations per 100 pregnancies compared with 19.58 per 100 pregnancies (risk ratio 1.95, 95% CI 0.94–0.96). Conclusion Use of newer AEDs is increasing in women of child-bearing potential in New Zealand leading to an overall increase in AED use in this group despite a fall in the use of older AEDs. AED use is this study was associated with an increased risk of spontaneous abortion and decreased rate of pregnancy termination, however confounding by indication could not be excluded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noni Richards
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, 18 Frederick St, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - David Reith
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michael Stitely
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alesha Smith
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, 18 Frederick St, Dunedin, New Zealand.,bpacnz, 10 George St, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nadiras C, Schwartz A, Delaleau M, Boudvillain M. Evaluating the Effect of Small RNAs and Associated Chaperones on Rho-Dependent Termination of Transcription In Vitro. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1737:99-118. [PMID: 29484590 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7634-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Besides their well-known posttranscriptional effects on mRNA translation and decay, sRNAs and associated RNA chaperones (e.g., Hfq, CsrA) sometimes regulate gene expression at the transcriptional level. In this case, the sRNA-dependent machinery modulates the activity of the transcription termination factor Rho, a ring-shaped RNA translocase/helicase that dissociates transcription elongation complexes at specific loci of the bacterial genome. Here, we describe biochemical assays to detect Rho-dependent termination signals in genomic regions of interest and to assess the effects of sRNAs and/or associated RNA chaperones on such signals.
Collapse
|
36
|
Graziani RNA, Nemzer L, Kerns J. The Experience of Genetic Counselors Working with Patients Facing the Decision of Pregnancy Termination after 24 Weeks Gestation. J Genet Couns 2017; 27:626-634. [PMID: 28956221 DOI: 10.1007/s10897-017-0151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal genetic counselors are health care professionals who counsel women making reproductive decisions which include decisions such as terminating pregnancies due to fetal anomalies. Little is known about the experiences and practices of prenatal genetic counselors working with women who have the option of termination after 24 weeks gestation. In this national survey of 168 genetic counselors who have practiced prenatal genetic counseling, we asked about their general practice patterns, including indications for which termination is offered and types of abortion care services that are coordinated by genetic counselors. We report respondents' self-assessments of level of understanding of federal abortion law and abortion procedures. Seventy-six percent of respondents have offered and counseled on termination after 24 weeks and 93% of respondents believe it is the responsibility of the counselor to discuss this option with patients. However, one-third report that they have some or no understanding of the procedures and three-quarters report that they have some or no understanding of federal abortion law. The results of this study provide insight into knowledge and experiences of genetic counselors working with these patients, allowing for improved genetic counselor training and continuing education to provide better guidance and develop more effective means of assisting patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N A Graziani
- Genetics Department, Kaiser Permanente, Fresno, CA, USA. .,, 2071 Herndon Avenue, Clovis, CA, 93611, USA.
| | - Laurie Nemzer
- Genetics Department, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Kerns
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Engstrom MD, Pfleger BF. Transcription control engineering and applications in synthetic biology. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2017; 2:176-191. [PMID: 29318198 PMCID: PMC5655343 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In synthetic biology, researchers assemble biological components in new ways to produce systems with practical applications. One of these practical applications is control of the flow of genetic information (from nucleic acid to protein), a.k.a. gene regulation. Regulation is critical for optimizing protein (and therefore activity) levels and the subsequent levels of metabolites and other cellular properties. The central dogma of molecular biology posits that information flow commences with transcription, and accordingly, regulatory tools targeting transcription have received the most attention in synthetic biology. In this mini-review, we highlight many past successes and summarize the lessons learned in developing tools for controlling transcription. In particular, we focus on engineering studies where promoters and transcription terminators (cis-factors) were directly engineered and/or isolated from DNA libraries. We also review several well-characterized transcription regulators (trans-factors), giving examples of how cis- and trans-acting factors have been combined to create digital and analogue switches for regulating transcription in response to various signals. Last, we provide examples of how engineered transcription control systems have been used in metabolic engineering and more complicated genetic circuits. While most of our mini-review focuses on the well-characterized bacterium Escherichia coli, we also provide several examples of the use of transcription control engineering in non-model organisms. Similar approaches have been applied outside the bacterial kingdom indicating that the lessons learned from bacterial studies may be generalized for other organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Engstrom
- Genetics-Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison College of Engineering, USA
| | - Brian F. Pfleger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison College of Engineering, USA
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zonato V, Collins L, Pegoraro M, Tauber E, Kyriacou CP. Is diapause an ancient adaptation in Drosophila? J Insect Physiol 2017; 98:267-274. [PMID: 28161445 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
D. melanogaster enters a state of reproductive arrest when exposed to low temperatures (12°C) and shorter photoperiods. A number of studies have suggested that diapause has recently evolved in European D. melanogaster populations, that it is not present in the sibling species D. simulans, that it is non-photoperiodic in American D. melanogaster populations, and that it spontaneously terminates after 6-8weeks. We have studied the overwintering phenotype under different conditions and observe that American, European and, surprisingly, African D. melanogaster populations can show photoperiodic diapause, as can European, but not African D. simulans. Surprisingly other Drosophila species from pan-tropical regions can also show significant levels of photoperiodic diapause. We observe that spontaneous termination of diapause after a few weeks can be largely avoided with a more realistic winter simulation for D. melanogaster, but not D. simulans. Examining metabolite accumulation during diapause reveals that the shallow diapause of D. melanogaster has similar features to that of other more robustly-diapausing species. Our results suggest that diapause may be an ancient character that emerged in the tropics to resist unfavourable seasonal conditions and which has been enhanced during D. melanogaster's colonisation of temperate regions. Our results also highlight how different methodologies to quantify diapause can lead to apparently conflicting results that we believe can now largely be resolved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Zonato
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Lewis Collins
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Mirko Pegoraro
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Eran Tauber
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; Department of Evolutionary & Environmental Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel(2)
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Although mentoring is a popular and effective means of intervention with youth, the positive effects of mentoring can be diminished by premature match closure of relationships. Program, mentor, and mentee characteristics were examined as predictors of premature match closure. Secondary data analyses were conducted on a large national database of mentoring programs consisting of match and youth risk information from 170 mentoring programs and 6468 matches from across the U.S. Premature closure was associated with mentee age at match inception and 19 individual mentee characteristics. The set of mentee characteristics were examined as part of a cumulative risk index encompassing seven conceptually combined categories including family background characteristics, school functioning problems, engagement in risky health behaviors, self-regulation difficulties, engagement in illegal or criminal activities, and internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. Both the age of mentees when matched and the cumulative risk index score significantly predicted premature closure. Results are discussed in terms of directions for future research and suggestions for enhancing mentoring program practices.
Collapse
|
40
|
Yang Y, Zhu B, Zheng F, Li Y, Zhang Y, Hu Y, Wang X. Chronic metformin treatment facilitates seizure termination. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 484:450-5. [PMID: 28137587 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.01.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key energy sensor. Its activator metformin could suppress epileptogenesis in the pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindling model. However, the effect of metformin on the acute and chronic seizures has not been studied. We first detected the expression of AMPK in the brain tissue of human and mice with chronic seizures, as well as in mice with acute seizures. Second, using behavioral assay and local filed potentials (LFPs) recording, we investigated the effect of chronic metformin treatment on seizures in a acute seizure model and a chronic seizure model. Our results showed that AMPK was expressed in neurons in the epileptic brain. The expression level was decreased in the brain tissue that experienced chronic and acute seizures. In PTZ-induced acute seizures model, behavioral assay showed that chronic metformin treatment decreased the mortality, and LFPs recording showed that chronic metformin treatment shortened the duration of generalized tonic-clonic seizures and prolonged the duration of postictal depression. Moreover, in kainic acid-induced chronic seizures model, LFPs recording showed that chronic metformin treatment shortened the duration of epileptic activity. Our study suggests that chronic metformin treatment could facilitate seizure termination.
Collapse
|
41
|
Iborra J, Nishida N, Vidal G, Yamada A. Relative Termination via Dependency Pairs. J Autom Reason 2017; 58:391-411. [PMID: 30174365 DOI: 10.1007/s10817-016-9373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A term rewrite system is terminating when no infinite reduction sequences are possible. Relative termination generalizes termination by permitting infinite reductions as long as some distinguished rules are not applied infinitely many times. Relative termination is thus a fundamental notion that has been used in a number of different contexts, like analyzing the confluence of rewrite systems or the termination of narrowing. In this work, we introduce a novel technique to prove relative termination by reducing it to dependency pair problems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first significant contribution to Problem #106 of the RTA List of Open Problems. We first present a general approach that is then instantiated to provide a concrete technique for proving relative termination. The practical significance of our method is illustrated by means of an experimental evaluation.
Collapse
|
42
|
Reed AR, Berrier KL. A Qualitative Study of Factors Influencing Decision-Making after Prenatal Diagnosis of down Syndrome. J Genet Couns 2016; 26:814-828. [PMID: 28035593 DOI: 10.1007/s10897-016-0061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has identified twenty-six factors that may affect pregnancy management decisions following prenatal diagnosis of DS; however, there is no consensus about the relative importance or effects of these factors. In order to better understand patient decision-making, we conducted expansive cognitive interviews with nine former patients who received a prenatal diagnosis of DS. Our results suggest that patients attached unique meanings to factors influencing decision-making regardless of the pregnancy outcome. Nineteen of the twenty-six factors previously studied and four novel factors (rationale for testing, information quality, pregnancy experience, and perception of parenting abilities and goals) were found to be important to decision-making. We argue that qualitative studies can help characterize the complexity of decision-making following prenatal diagnosis of DS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy R Reed
- Department of Writing Arts, Rowan University, 142 Bozorth Hall, Glassboro, NJ, 08028, USA.
| | - Kathryn L Berrier
- Division of Medical Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Akkenapally PL. A Comparative Study of Misoprostol Only and Mifepristone Plus Misoprostol in Second Trimester Termination of Pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2016; 66:251-7. [PMID: 27651613 DOI: 10.1007/s13224-016-0869-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effectiveness, success rate and induction to abortion interval between administration of misoprostol only and mifepristone with misoprostol in second trimester abortions (14-20 weeks) . MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted by dividing women approaching for second trimester termination, into two groups each consisting of 100 women. Group-I received only misoprostol; 600 mcg initial vaginal insertion followed by 400 mcg sublingually every 3 h until termination. Women in Group-II received mifepristone 200 mg and after 24 h started with 600 mcg misoprostol, per vaginal followed by 400 mcg sublingually till abortion was completed, up to a maximum of five doses in both groups. RESULTS The success rate in Group-I was 89 %, whereas in Group-II it was 96 %. The mean induction abortion interval in Group-I was 10.67 ± 3.96 h compared to Group-II which was significantly less 6.19 ± 2.70 h (p value < 0.01). The mean dose of misoprostol in Group-I was 1610 ± 511.18 mcg and in Group-II, it was lesser 1046 ± 392.71 mcg (p value < 0.01). There was significant difference in the mean blood loss also, 97.20 ± 36.35 ml in Group-I and 52.55 ± 27.96 ml in Group-II. Also among the individual groups multigravidae and lower gestational age (<17 weeks), women had lesser IAI as well as lesser misoprostol dose was required. CONCLUSION Pretreatment with mifepristone significantly reduces the induction abortion interval and the misoprostol dose along with minimal blood loss.
Collapse
|
44
|
Rouhani SA, Scott J, Burkhardt G, Onyango MA, Haider S, Greiner A, Albutt K, VanRooyen M, Bartels SA. A quantitative assessment of termination of sexual violence-related pregnancies in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Confl Health 2016; 10:9. [PMID: 27053946 PMCID: PMC4822240 DOI: 10.1186/s13031-016-0073-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual violence is prevalent in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and has resulted in sexual violence-related pregnancies (SVRPs). Despite restrictive laws, women may seek to terminate SVRPs; however, there are limited data on termination of SVRPs. METHODS A mixed methods study was conducted in 2012 in Bukavu, DRC. Adult women who self-reported an SVRP and termination of that SVRP were recruited using respondent-driven sampling (RDS). Trained female interviewers verbally administered a quantitative survey to all participants and a semi-structured qualitative survey to a subset. Quantitative data on characteristics and complications of pregnancy termination, including mental health outcomes, were analyzed using SAS. RESULTS In total, 86 women completed quantitative surveys. Most SVRPs (93 %) involved two or more assailants; 73 % occurred while in captivity. Most women (82 %) terminated the SVRPs at 3 months gestation or earlier; 79 % reported one attempt at pregnancy termination and 21 % more than one attempt. The most common methods of termination were an oral medicine (55 %) or herb (35 %); cimpokolo (31 %) and quinine (18 %) were most frequently reported. These methods were accessed through friends (37 %), healthcare providers (18 %), family (16 %), or self-obtained (12 %). Following the termination, 79 % of women reported subsequent physical symptoms, including abdominal pain (74 %), bleeding (47 %), vaginal discharge (35 %) and fever (18 %); 44 % sought medical care for their symptoms. Varied emotional responses to the termination were reported and included relief (34 %), anxiety (21 %), anger (19 %), guilt (19 %), and regret (10 %). At the time of the study, many women met symptom criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (57 %), depression (50 %), and generalized anxiety disorder (33 %). CONCLUSION Most women terminated SVRPs using medications or herbs not recognized as evidence-based methods of pregnancy termination and sought these methods outside of the formal healthcare sector. These data suggest that access to safe abortion methods is needed for women with SVRPs in DRC. Physical symptoms and emotional reactions related to the termination varied. While it is not possible to differentiate the impacts of sexual violence, SVRP, and pregnancy termination on mental health outcomes, the findings highlight the complex needs of women with SVRPs and opportunities for integrative health services.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shada A. Rouhani
- />Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Cambridge, MA USA
- />Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- />Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Jennifer Scott
- />Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Cambridge, MA USA
- />Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA USA
- />Division of Women’s Health, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Gillian Burkhardt
- />Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Cambridge, MA USA
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Monica A. Onyango
- />Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Sadia Haider
- />Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Ashley Greiner
- />Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Cambridge, MA USA
- />Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- />Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA USA
| | - Katherine Albutt
- />Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Cambridge, MA USA
- />Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- />Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Michael VanRooyen
- />Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Cambridge, MA USA
- />Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- />Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- />Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Susan A. Bartels
- />Harvard Humanitarian Initiative, Cambridge, MA USA
- />Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- />Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA USA
- />Department of Emergency Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Coast E, Murray SF. "These things are dangerous": Understanding induced abortion trajectories in urban Zambia. Soc Sci Med 2016; 153:201-9. [PMID: 26921835 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Unsafe abortion is a significant but preventable cause of global maternal mortality and morbidity. Zambia has among the most liberal abortion laws in sub-Saharan Africa, however this alone does not guarantee access to safe abortion, and 30% of maternal mortality is attributable to unsafe procedures. Too little is known about the pathways women take to reach abortion services in such resource-poor settings, or what informs care-seeking behaviours, barriers and delays. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted in 2013 with 112 women who accessed abortion-related care in a Lusaka tertiary government hospital at some point in their pathway. The sample included women seeking safe abortion and also those receiving hospital care following unsafe abortion. We identified a typology of three care-seeking trajectories that ended in the use of hospital services: clinical abortion induced in hospital; clinical abortion initiated elsewhere, with post-abortion care in hospital; and non-clinical abortion initiated elsewhere, with post-abortion care in hospital. Framework analyses of 70 transcripts showed that trajectories to a termination of an unwanted pregnancy can be complex and iterative. Individuals may navigate private and public formal healthcare systems and consult unqualified providers, often trying multiple strategies. We found four major influences on which trajectory a woman followed, as well as the complexity and timing of her trajectory: i) the advice of trusted others ii) perceptions of risk iii) delays in care-seeking and receipt of services and iv) economic cost. Even though abortion is legal in Zambia, girls and women still take significant risks to terminate unwanted pregnancies. Levels of awareness about the legality of abortion and its provision remain low even in urban Zambia, especially among adolescents. Unofficial payments required by some providers can be a major barrier to safe care. Timely access to safe abortion services depends on chance rather than informed exercise of entitlement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ernestina Coast
- London School of Economics, Dept. of Social Policy, London School of Economics, Houghton Street, London, WC2A 2AE, UK.
| | - Susan F Murray
- King's College London, International Development Institute, Chesham Building, King's College London, Strand Campus, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mirdamadi A, Gharavi H, Behjati M. Role of Meticulous Observation: Successful Pregnancy in a 30-Year-Old Woman with Severe Pulmonary Hypertension. Tanaffos 2016; 15:187-190. [PMID: 28210285 PMCID: PMC5304964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is strongly discouraged in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Herein, we report a successful delivery in a woman with PAH using a multidisciplinary approach. A 30-year-old pregnant woman with PAH was referred to us with a chief complaint of dyspnea. She was advised to terminate her pregnancy but she refused to do so despite several recommendations by healthcare professionals. She was scheduled for treatment with iloprost (brand name: Ilomedin) and heparin infusions for 3-4 days at 20-day intervals. She spent her last month of pregnancy in a hospital under close observation and received iloprost infusion. She underwent a successful cesarean section under general anesthesia at week 36 of gestation. Iloprost administration was continued for one week after delivery and was changed to bosentan after that. Meanwhile, heparin infusion was substituted by warfarin. However, treatment with bosentan led to a temporary interruption in breastfeeding. A few days later, she presented with severe dyspnea and pulmonary artery pressure of 110 mmHg. Treatment was restarted with iloprost, followed by stabilization with bosentan. A successful delivery was achieved in this situation by meticulous observation and aggressive treatment targeting PAH, along with long-term hospital stay and multidisciplinary management. Severe PAH is regarded as a contraindication to pregnancy. While physicians strongly recommend termination of pregnancy in such patients, some of them might refuse and insist on delivery of the baby. Similar pregnant cases with potential delivery are recommended to be evaluated for effective management of this condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Mirdamadi
- Department of Cardiology, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hosna Gharavi
- Gynecology Department, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohaddeseh Behjati
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Correspondence to: Behjati M, Address: Cardiovascular research center, cardiovascular research institute, Isfahan University of medical sciences, Isfahan, Iran. Email address:
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
McDaid LA, Collier J, Platt MJ. Previous Pregnancies Among Young Women Having an Abortion in England and Wales. J Adolesc Health 2015; 57:387-92. [PMID: 26277677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to use national statistics on abortions carried out in England and Wales to more precisely estimate the proportion of young women aged <20 years obtaining an abortion who have had one or more previous pregnancies. METHODS Secondary analysis of abortion data from the Office of National Statistic and the Department of Health by parity for women aged <20 years, ordinarily residing in England and Wales, from 1992 to 2013. RESULTS Over the past 20 years, the proportion of teenagers in England and Wales having an abortion as a result of a subsequent pregnancy increased by 33% (from .172 in 1992 to .229 in 2013). Most of this increase occurred before 2004, and the proportion now appears to have stabilized. In 2013, 22.9% of the young women aged <20 years who underwent an abortion had had at least one previous pregnancy (either a birth or an abortion). Only a minority (<5% of young women who obtained an abortion) had had more than one previous pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS The findings show that nearly one in four teenagers presenting for an abortion have already been in contact with health services for a previous birth or abortion. Greater policy emphasis must be placed on the accurate identification of the proportion of teenage pregnancies that occur as a result of a subsequent pregnancy and developing more effective "secondary prevention" interventions to help the first-time pregnant and parenting teenagers manage their future reproductive lives and prevent further unplanned pregnancies.
Collapse
|
48
|
Perry R, Zimmerman L, Al-Saden I, Fatima A, Cowett A, Patel A. Prevalence of rape-related pregnancy as an indication for abortion at two urban family planning clinics. Contraception 2015; 91:393-7. [PMID: 25636805 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to estimate the prevalence of rape-related pregnancy as an indication for abortion at two public Chicago facilities and to describe demographic and clinical correlates of women who terminated rape-related pregnancies. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study of women obtaining abortion at the Center for Reproductive Health (CRH) at University of Illinois Health Sciences Center and Reproductive Health Services (RHS) at John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital between August 2009 and August 2013. Gestational age limits at CRH and RHS were 23+6 and 13+6weeks, respectively. We estimated the prevalence of rape-related pregnancy based on billing code (CRH) or data from an administrative database (RHS), and examined relationships between rape-related pregnancy and demographic and clinical variables. RESULTS Included were 19,465 visits for abortion. The majority of patients were Black (85.6%). Prevalence of abortion for rape-related pregnancy was 1.9%, and was higher at CRH (6.9%) than RHS (1.5%). Later gestational age was associated with abortion for rape-related pregnancy (median 12days, p<.001). Younger age and Black race were associated with abortion for rape-related pregnancy at CRH only (p<.001 for both). Chlamydia and gonorrhea infection were no more prevalent among women terminating rape-related pregnancy than among those terminating for other indications. CONCLUSION Rape-related pregnancy as an indication for abortion had a low, but clinically significant prevalence at two urban Chicago family planning centers. Later gestational age was associated with abortion for rape-related pregnancy. IMPLICATIONS Rape-related pregnancy may occur with higher prevalence among some subgroups of women seeking abortion than others. Efforts to address rape-related pregnancy in the abortion care setting are needed.
Collapse
|
49
|
Olsson CA, Horwill E, Moore E, Eisenberg ME, Venn A, O'Loughlin C, Patton GC. Social and emotional adjustment following early pregnancy in young Australian women: a comparison of those who terminate, miscarry, or complete pregnancy. J Adolesc Health 2014; 54:698-703. [PMID: 24438851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.10.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare social and emotional adjustment including educational attainment and substance use in women who had a child, pregnancy termination, or miscarriage by young adulthood. METHODS Data were from a population-based longitudinal study of the health and well-being of 1,943 young Australians (Victorian Adolescent Health Cohort Study) followed from 15 to 24 years of age. The sample was restricted to female participants and based on pregnancies reported by age 24 years. Analyses were adjusted for early teenage depressive symptoms, cigarette smoking, alcohol use, cannabis use, and parent socioeconomic context. RESULTS A total of 208 pregnancies (in 170 women) were reported from a sample of 824 young women by 24 years of age. Compared with those who had never been pregnant, those who had a child had lower tertiary education completion and a higher risk of nicotine dependence; those who terminated a pregnancy were more commonly single and had a higher risk of smoking and alcohol use as well as nicotine and alcohol dependence; and those who had a miscarriage had a higher risk of depressive symptomatology and binge drinking as well as nicotine and cannabis dependence. CONCLUSIONS Young women who have been pregnant by their mid-twenties report a range of difficulties in social and emotional adjustment that vary across the different pregnancy outcomes. Broad-based psychosocial health care is essential not only for young women whose pregnancies proceed to live birth, but also for those whose pregnancies end with miscarriage or induced abortion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Olsson
- School of Psychology, Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Emily Horwill
- School of Psychology, Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elya Moore
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marla E Eisenberg
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Alison Venn
- Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Christina O'Loughlin
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - George C Patton
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bartuzi P, Hofker MH, van de Sluis B. Tuning NF-κB activity: a touch of COMMD proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:2315-21. [PMID: 24080195 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB is an important regulator of immunity and inflammation, and its activation pathway has been studied extensively. The mechanisms that downregulate the activity of NF-κB have also received a lot of attention, particularly since its activity needs to be terminated to prevent chronic inflammation and subsequent tissue damage. The COMMD family has been identified as a new group of proteins involved in NF-κB termination. All ten COMMD members share the structurally conserved carboxy-terminal motif, the COMM domain, and are ubiquitously expressed. They seem to play distinct and non-redundant roles in various physiological processes, including NF-κB signaling. In this review, we describe the mechanisms and proteins involved in the termination of canonical NF-κB signaling, with a specific focus on the role of the COMMD family in the down-modulation of NF-κB.
Collapse
|