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Yuan S, Yang J, Fu X, Yu H, Guo Y, Xie Y, Xiao Y, Cheng Y, Yao W. Effect of tannic acid binding on the thermal degradation behavior and product toxicity of boscalid. Food Chem 2024; 444:138654. [PMID: 38335685 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The effect of tannic acid (TA) binding on the thermal degradation of boscalid was studied in this work. The results revealed that TA binding has a significant impact on boscalid degradation. The degradation rate constant of bound boscalid was reduced, and its corresponding half-life was significantly prolonged compared to the free state. Four identical degradation products were detected in both states through UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS, indicating that degradation products were not affected by TA binding. Based on DFT and MS analysis, the degradation pathways of boscalid included hydroxyl substitution of chlorine atoms and cleavage of CN and CC bonds. The toxicity of B2 and B3 exceeded that of boscalid. In summary, the binding of TA and boscalid significantly affected the thermal degradation rate of boscalid while preserving the types of degradation products. This study contributed to a fundamental understanding of the degradation process of bound pesticide residues in complex food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Yang
- China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yunfei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Weirong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Li H, Zeng F, Guo X, Zhu K, Tang J. Thermal degradation of greenhouse gas SF 6 at realistic temperatures: Insights from atomic-scale CVHD simulations. Sci Total Environ 2024; 931:172921. [PMID: 38697533 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), recognized as a potent greenhouse gas with significant contributions to climate change, presents challenges in understanding its degradation processes. Molecular dynamics simulations are valuable tools for understanding modes of decomposition while the traditional approaches face limitations in time scale and require unrealistically high temperatures. The collective variable-driven hyperdynamics (CVHD) approach has been introduced to directly depict the pyrolysis process for SF6 gas at practical application temperatures, as low as 1600 K for the first time. Achieving an unprecedented acceleration factor of up to 107, the method extends the simulation time scale to milliseconds and beyond while maintaining consistency with experimental and theoretical models. The differences in the reaction process between simulations conducted at actual and elevated temperatures have been noted, providing insights into SF6 degradation pathways. The work provides a basis for the further studies on the thermal degradation of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Fuping Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Xinnuo Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Kexin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ju Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Grid Environmental Protection, School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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3
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Jilili Y, Li F, Ma Y, Zhen W. Analysis of the degradation and crystallization behavior during the thermal degradation of poly(lactic acid)/modified hectorite nanocomposites films by simultaneous rheology and FTIR technology. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132403. [PMID: 38754660 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
This study presents the synthesis of Hec-g@PS through the innovative surface modification of hectorite via photocatalytic atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Then, PLA/Hec-g@PS nanocomposites films was prepared with Hec-g@PS as additives by blown molding technique. Furthermore, the thermal degradation kinetics and crystallization kinetics during the thermal degradation of PLA based nanocomposites films were investigated with simultaneous rheology and FTIR technology. The findings indicated that the activation energies for PLA and PLA/Hec-g@PS were -54,702.12 J/mol and -107,963.47 J/mol, respectively, demonstrating that Hec-g@PS substantially influenced PLA thermal stability. Additionally, while the crystallization rates of PLA based films decreased with rising degradation temperatures. Quantum chemical calculations revealed that the mode of interaction between Hec-g@PS and PLA was mainly dominated by dispersion, supplemented by electrostatic and induced interactions of -22.2103 kcal/mol, -16.0779 kcal/mol and -5.4954 kcal/mol, respectively. The combination of crystallization kinetics and quantum chemical calculations further confirmed that Hec-g@PS promoted the alignment of PLA molecular chains due to the enhanced interaction force between them. Hec-g@PS functioned as a nucleating agent, facilitating PLA crystallization and effectively mitigated its thermal degradation. Hec-g@PS as a nucleating agent provides valuable insights into the potential application prospects of biodegradable materials, particularly in the fields of biomedicine and packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikelamu Jilili
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Fei Li
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yumiao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
| | - Weijun Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Utilization of Carbon-Based Energy Resources, Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Fine Chemicals, Ministry of Education and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China.
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Haque MS, Islam M. Waste natural fibers for polymer toughening and biodegradability of epoxy-based polymer composite through toughness and thermal analysis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28110. [PMID: 38533082 PMCID: PMC10963374 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymeric materials are being increasingly used to replace many metallic components due to their beneficial properties such as higher strength-to-weight ratio and corrosion resistance. However, the widespread use of polymers poses a risk to the environment as they are not biodegradable. The addition of the waste jute fiber and sawdust fiber as reinforcement to the epoxy resin improved its toughness and induced the biodegradability of the polymer. To examine the effect of the jute fiber and sawdust fiber on biodegradability, the composites were then kept in the drainage system for one year, and the impact energy and fracture morphology of the as-cast and weathered samples were examined using a drop ball impact test and a Charpy impact test. During the weathering period, weight gain was initially observed due to the water absorption by the porous fibers, but after three months, the composites started to lose weight due to the degradation of the fiber by swelling and microbial attacks. Microorganisms in the drainage system used the fiber as their energy source, which resulted in the deterioration of the fiber and the production of CO2. The production of CO2 was identified by the FTIR analysis of the weathered composite samples. TGA analysis of the as-cast and weathered samples reveals the reduction of the onset thermal degradation temperature of the weathered composites due to the degradation of the composites. The fiber disintegrated through microbial attack and the fiber swelling caused by the absorption of water by jute fiber and sawdust fiber is identified through SEM imaging. The SEM image also reveals the formation of biofilms and the growth of microorganisms at the fibers. A higher growth rate of the microorganisms was observed in the jute fiber composite than in the sawdust fiber composite, as sawdust contains a high level of lignin that protects it from degradation. The results of this study suggest that both sawdust fiber and jute fiber composites induce biodegradability in the epoxy matrix, but jute fiber was more prominent in this regard. The discovery paves the way for using natural fibers in biodegradable polymer composites, reducing polymeric pollution in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Salman Haque
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology (KUET), Khulna, 9203, Bangladesh
| | - M.A. Islam
- Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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Ueda KM, Keiser GM, Leal FC, Farias FO, Igarashi-Mafra L, Mafra MR. A New Single-Step Approach Based on Supramolecular Solvents (SUPRAS) to Extract Bioactive Compounds with Different Polarities from Eugenia pyriformis Cambess (Uvaia) Pulp. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 2024; 79:242-249. [PMID: 38329612 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-024-01143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
This work employed supramolecular solvents (SUPRAS) made up of octanoic acid, ethanol, and acidified water (pH ~ 3) to extract and concentrate bioactive compounds from Eugenia pyriformis Cambess (uvaia) pulp. At first, the SUPRAS phase characterization demonstrated the spherical aggregates' formation with an internal hydrophobic structure and an external hydrophilic media. Subsequently, the simultaneous production and extraction (SUPRAS-SPE) method was employed in the solid-liquid extraction (SLE) of uvaia pulp. The extracts were evaluated through Folin-Ciocalteu reducing capacity, antioxidant activity (DPPH assay), total carotenoid content (TCC), and total flavonoid content (TFC). The results showed that reducing the ethanol concentration in the SUPRAS composition boosted the TCC extraction while increasing the ethanol presence, promoting a high TFC yield. Moreover, the SUPRAS-SPE method was compared with the ex situ method (SUPRAS-ES), where the solvent was previously produced and then applied to the SLE. Both methods were evaluated concerning their EE% and thermal degradation. The SUPRAS-SPE method increased the EE% of uvaia pulp bioactive compounds compared to the SUPRAS-SE method, providing a suitable microenvironment to extract, concentrate, and stabilize carotenoids from uvaia pulp, offering a sustainable alternative to obtain valuable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Mayumi Ueda
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic Center, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Müller Keiser
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic Center, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Fernando Castro Leal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic Center, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Oliveira Farias
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic Center, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Luciana Igarashi-Mafra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic Center, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil
| | - Marcos R Mafra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnic Center, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, 81531-990, Brazil.
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Renz M, Andernach L, Kaufmann M, Rohn S, Hanschen FS. Degradation of glucosinolates and formation of isothiocyanates, nitriles, amines, and N,N'-dialk(en)yl thioureas during domestic boiling of red cabbage. Food Chem 2024; 435:137550. [PMID: 37783130 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Red cabbage is a popular vegetable in Central Europe and a rich source of glucosinolates (GLSs). Upon hydrolysis, GLSs form health-promoting isothiocyanates (ITCs), but also nitriles and epithionitriles. Recently, ITCs were shown to undergo further hydrolysis, yielding amines. Here, we analyzed the degradation of GLSs and the formation of ITCs, nitriles, epithionitriles, and amines during domestic-like cooking of red cabbage with addition of vinegar or baking soda. Both additives strongly affected the stability of GLSs and the formation of nitriles during boiling. Primary amines were found as a major degradation product of GLSs. In control and vinegar samples, formation of methylsulfinylalkyl amines increased during boiling. Additionally, for the first time, the formation of several N,N'-dialk(en)yl thioureas during boiling of Brassica vegetables was demonstrated, resulting from the reaction of GLS-derived ITCs and amines, and they were subsequently quantified. As references, five N,N'-dialk(en)yl thioureas were synthesized and characterized by NMR and HRMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Renz
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ) e. V., Plant Quality and Food Security, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany; Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Lars Andernach
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ) e. V., Plant Quality and Food Security, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Martin Kaufmann
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska S Hanschen
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ) e. V., Plant Quality and Food Security, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany.
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7
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Aoyama S, Kubo Y, Sok R, Kusaka J. Experimental and numerical analysis of the effects of thermal degradation on carbon monoxide oxidation characteristics of a three-way catalyst. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26592. [PMID: 38434079 PMCID: PMC10906438 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This work investigates oxygen-storage capacity (OSC) changes during thermal degradation in modern three-way catalysts. Two experiments are performed using catalysts with different degradation degrees to evaluate OSC and reaction rates. The CO2 production test, where CO and O2 are supplied at a constant temperature, shows decreased CO2 production with more degraded catalysts and reduced purification. The CO2 production test is conducted using transient temperature increases, showing that the maximum CO2 production temperature increases with catalyst degradation. The results reveal an increase in activation energy in the oxygen desorption reaction caused by thermal degradation progresses and a decrease in OSC, resulting in temperature increases in the oxygen storage reaction. In the surface reaction and mass transport model considering the 30 elementary reactions, the predicted results are well-validated for CO2 production, enabling good oxygen storage predictions based on actual data. These results can be used to predict OSC by formulating the changes in active site density and activation energy due to degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sota Aoyama
- Propulsion and Energy Systems Laboratory, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Yunosuke Kubo
- Propulsion and Energy Systems Laboratory, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Ratnak Sok
- Propulsion and Energy Systems Laboratory, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Jin Kusaka
- Propulsion and Energy Systems Laboratory, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
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Gross IP, Lima AL, Bedogni GR, Sa-Barreto L, Gratieri T, Gelfuso GM, Salomon CJ, Cunha-Filho M. Melt crystallization and thermal degradation profile of the antichagasic drug nifurtimox. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 239:115878. [PMID: 38039869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Despite nifurtimox (NFX) being a traditional drug for treating Chagas disease, some of its physicochemical properties are still unknown, especially its thermal behavior, which brings important outcomes regarding stability and compatibility. In this work, a comprehensive study of NFX's thermal properties was conducted to assist incremental innovations that can improve the efficacy of this drug in novel pharmaceutical products. For this purpose, thermal analyses associated with spectroscopy and spectrometry techniques were used. DSC analyses revealed that the melt crystallization of the NFX led to its amorphous form with the possible formation of a minor fraction of a different crystalline phase. Coats-Redfern method using TGA results indicated the activation energy of NFX non-isothermal degradation as 348.8 ± 8.2 kJ mol-1, which coincides with the C-NO2 bond dissociation energy of the 2-nitrofuran. Investigation of the isothermal degradation kinetics using FTIR 2D COS showed the possible detachment of radical NO2 and ethylene from the NFX structure, which could affect its mechanism of action. A preliminary mechanism for the thermal degradation of this drug was also proposed. The results enhanced the understanding of NFX's thermal properties, providing valuable insights, especially for developing NFX-based pharmaceutical products that involve thermal processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idejan P Gross
- Laboratory of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, 70.910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Ana Luiza Lima
- Laboratory of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, 70.910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Giselle R Bedogni
- Pharmaceutical Technical Area, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Rosario, Rosario, Argentina; National Council for Scientific and Technical Research, Godoy Cruz, Argentina
| | - Livia Sa-Barreto
- Laboratory of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, 70.910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Tais Gratieri
- Laboratory of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, 70.910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Gelfuso
- Laboratory of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, 70.910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Claudio J Salomon
- Pharmaceutical Technical Area, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University of Rosario, Rosario, Argentina; National Council for Scientific and Technical Research, Godoy Cruz, Argentina
| | - Marcílio Cunha-Filho
- Laboratory of Food, Drug, and Cosmetics (LTMAC), School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, 70.910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Takeda A, Doi T, Asada A, Yuzawa K, Nagasawa A, Igarashi K, Maeno T, Suzuki A, Shimizu S, Uemura N, Nakajima J, Suzuki T, Inomata A, Tagami T. The biological effects and thermal degradation of NPB-22, a synthetic cannabinoid. Forensic Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s11419-023-00679-5. [PMID: 38294576 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-023-00679-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE NPB-22 (quinolin-8-yl 1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxylate), Adamantyl-THPINACA (N-(1-adamantantyl)-1-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)methyl]-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide), and CUMYL-4CN-B7AICA (1-(4-cyanobutyl)-N-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)-1H- pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-3-carboxamide), synthetic cannabinoids were evaluated in terms of CB1 (cannabinoid receptor type 1) and CB2 (cannabinoid receptor type 2) activities, and their biological effects when inhaled similar to cigarettes were examined. METHODS The half maximal effective concentration values of the aforementioned synthetic cannabinoids at the CB1 and CB2 were investigated using [35S]guanosine-5'-O-(3-thio)-triphosphate binding assays. In addition, their biological effects were evaluated using the inhalation exposure test with mice. The smoke generated was recovered by organic solvents in the midget impingers, and the thermal degradation compounds of the smoke components were identified and quantified using a liquid chromatography-photo diode array detector. RESULTS NPB-22 and Adamantyl-THPINACA had equivalent CB1 activity in in vitro assays. Meanwhile, NPB-22 had a weaker biological effect on some items on the inhalation exposure test than Adamantyl-THPINACA. When analyzing organic solvents in the midget impingers, it was revealed that NPB-22 was degraded to 8-quinolinol and pentyl indazole 3-carboxylic acid by combustion. In addition, these degradation compounds did not have CB1 activity. CONCLUSION It was estimated that the biological effects of NPB-22 on the inhalation exposure test weakened because it underwent thermal degradation by combustion, and the resultant degradation compounds did not have any CB1 activity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Takeda
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Public Health, 1-3-3 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Doi
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Public Health, 1-3-3 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan
| | - Akiko Asada
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Public Health, 1-3-3 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Yuzawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Akemichi Nagasawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Kai Igarashi
- Tolyo Metropolitan Island Public Health Center, 2466-2 Okago, Hachijo-machi, Hachijojima, Tokyo, 100-1492, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Maeno
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Atsuko Suzuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Seiko Shimizu
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Nozomi Uemura
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Jun'ichi Nakajima
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Toshinari Suzuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Akiko Inomata
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Public Health, 3-24-1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-0073, Japan
| | - Takaomi Tagami
- Division of Hygienic Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Public Health, 1-3-3 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan
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10
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Renz M, Rohn S, Hanschen FS. Thermal degradation and oxidation of glucosinolates in model systems and Brassica vegetable broth is mediated by redox-active compounds. Food Chem 2024; 431:137108. [PMID: 37595380 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GLSs) are secondary plant metabolites with health-promoting effects found in Brassica vegetables. Recently, next to non-enzymatic degradation yielding nitriles, 4-(methylthio)butyl GLS (4MTB-GLS) was shown to undergo side chain oxidation during thermal treatment, forming 4-(methylsulfinyl)butyl GLS (4MSOB-GLS). Here, we investigated natural plant components and artificial analogs on their capability of altering the thermal reactivity of 4MTB-GLS in vegetable broths and model systems using buffers. Addition of ascorbic acid and dehydroascorbic acid caused varying effects: in broth samples, it increased nitrile formation, while in buffer, 4MSOB-GLS was formed. In further experiments, the antioxidant compounds quercetin and Trolox triggered the side chain oxidation of 4MTB-GLS, while H2S terminated its degradation. A synergistic effect of ascorbic acid and Fe2+ was observed, degrading 98% of 4MTB-GLS to the nitrile after 60 min of boiling. Deepening the understanding of factors that influence the non-enzymatic degradation of GLSs will help to preserve their health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Renz
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ) e. V., Plant Quality and Food Security, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany; Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska S Hanschen
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ) e. V., Plant Quality and Food Security, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany.
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11
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Ong YT, Chen TM, Don TM. Improved miscibility and toughness of biological poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)/poly(lactic acid) blends via melt-blending-induced thermal degradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127001. [PMID: 37729999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Polymer blending has been a facile method to resolve the brittle issue of poly(lactic acid) (PLA). Yet, miscibility becomes the primary concern that would affect the synergy effect of polymer blending. This study aimed to improve the miscibility of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) (P34HB) and PLA by lowering their molecular weights via a melt-blending-induced thermal degradation during mechanical mixing to form m-P34HB/PLA blends. The molecular weight of the P34HB was significantly reduced after blending, thereby improving the miscibility of the blends, as evidenced by the shift of glass transition temperatures. Also, simulation based on Flory-Huggins theory demonstrated increased miscibility with decreasing molecular weight of the polymers. Moreover, the thermal gravimetric analysis revealed that the PLA provided a higher shielding effect to the P34HB in the blends prepared by melt-blending than those by solution-blending, that the addition of PLA could retard the chain scission of P34HB and delay its degradation. The addition of m-P34HB at 20 wt% in the blend contributed to a 60-fold enhancement in the elongation at break and an increment of 4.6 folds in the Izod impact strength. The enzymatic degradation using proteinase K revealed the preferential to degrade the PLA in the blends and followed the surface erosion mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yit Thai Ong
- Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
| | - Ting-Min Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 251301, Taiwan
| | - Trong-Ming Don
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 251301, Taiwan.
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12
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Ceylan Z, Atıcı C, Unal K, Meral R, Kutlu N, Babaoğlu AS, Dilek NM. A novel material for the microbiological, oxidative, and color stability of salmon and chicken meat samples: Nanofibers obtained from sesame oil. Food Res Int 2023; 170:112952. [PMID: 37316044 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sesame oil nanofibers (diameter min: 286 max: 656nm), starting thermal degradation at 60 °C, were successfully obtained using the electrospinning technique in Türkiye. The distance, high voltage, and flow rate in electrospinning parameters were defined as 10 cm, 25 kV, and 0.065 mL/min. Mesophilic, psychrophilic bacteria, and yeast & molds counts of control group samples were higher (up to 1.21 log CFU/g) than those of salmon and chicken meat samples treated with sesame oil nanofibers. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value in control salmon meat samples stored for 8 days was defined between 0.56 and 1.48 MDA/kg (increase: 146%). However, the rise in TBA for salmon samples treated with sesame oil nanofibers was 21%. Also, nanofiber application for chicken samples limited the rapid oxidation up to 51.51% compared to control samples on the 8th day (p < 0.05). b* value (decline: 15.23 %) associated with rapid oxidation of the control group in salmon samples was more rapidly decreased than that of fish samples treated with sesame-nanofibers (b*: 12.01%) (p < 0.05). Chicken fillets b* values were more stable compared to control chicken meat samples for 8 days. Sesame oil-nanofiber application did not adversely affect the L* value color stability of all meat samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zafer Ceylan
- Bartın University, Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics/Biotechnology, 74000, Bartın, Turkey.
| | - Cansu Atıcı
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Institute of Science, Tuşba, Van, Turkey
| | - Kubra Unal
- Selçuk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Engineering, Konya, Turkey
| | - Raciye Meral
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, Tuşba, Van, Turkey
| | - Nazan Kutlu
- Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Institute of Science, Department of Food Engineering, Tuşba, Van, Turkey
| | - Ali Samet Babaoğlu
- Selçuk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Food Engineering, Konya, Turkey
| | - Nazik Meziyet Dilek
- Selçuk University, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Akşehir Kadir Yallagöz School of Health, Konya, Turkey
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13
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Karunarathna B, Wanniarachchi JD, Prashantha MAB, Govender KK. Enhancing styrene monomer recovery from polystyrene pyrolysis: insights from density functional theory. J Mol Model 2023; 29:255. [PMID: 37464131 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05661-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Plastic waste pyrolysis offers a potential solution to reduce plastic accumulation, but prioritizing monomer recovery from the process is crucial to effectively address the environmental consequences of plastic accumulation. This study focuses on enhancing the yield of styrene during the pyrolysis of polystyrene by investigating thermal and kinetic data. A comprehensive investigation into the thermal degradation pathways of polystyrene is imperative to overcome the challenges associated with its waste management. The calculated bond dissociation energies reveal that the cleavage of non-terminal carbon-carbon bonds is energetically favorable, resulting in the formation of high molecular weight benzylic radicals. Based on these findings, four pyrolysis pathways are proposed, and the associated thermodynamic and kinetic parameters are determined using the DFT method. The major products identified in this study include styrene, α-methylstyrene, isopropylbenzene, methylbenzene, ethylbenzene, and methane. Furthermore, optimizing the temperature profile of the reactor is shown to enhance the recovery of styrene, thereby contributing to the reduction of plastic waste. This study provides valuable insights into the effective resource recovery from polystyrene waste pyrolysis, emphasizing the significance of managing pyrolysis conditions to achieve maximum yield. By controlling the temperature profile during the pyrolysis process, it is possible to obtain a high yield of styrene, facilitating the efficient recovery of the monomer from waste polystyrene and addressing the environmental concerns associated with plastic accumulation. METHODS In this study, all calculations were performed using the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory with the Gaussian 16 program package. The proposed model underwent geometry optimization and frequency calculations. Transition states were optimized using the TS Berny method, and energy profiles along reaction pathways were refined using the QST3 method. The IRC method validated proposed mechanisms and investigated energy profiles. Structural models were visualized using GaussView 6.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baggya Karunarathna
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern University Sri Lanka, Vantharumoolai, Chenkalady, Sri Lanka.
| | | | - M A B Prashantha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - K K Govender
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein Campus, 2028, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, NITheCS, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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14
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Zhang D, Shen D, Cao Y, Duan X, Sun H. Widely targeted metabolomic approach reveals dynamic changes in non-volatile and volatile metabolites of peanuts during roasting. Food Chem 2023; 412:135577. [PMID: 36716629 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Roasting influences the color, flavor, and antioxidant activities of peanuts. However, the biochemical mechanisms that occur during roasting are not well known. In this study, the dynamic changes in non-volatile and volatile metabolites in raw, light, and dark roasted peanuts were investigated using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with a widely targeted metabolomic approach based on tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 738 non-volatile metabolites (comprising 12 subclasses) and 71 volatile metabolites (comprising 14 subclasses) were identified in raw and roasted peanuts. Significantly different non-volatile and volatile metabolites were detected. Among them, amino acids, sugars, and lipids (lysophosphatidylethanolamines and oxidized fatty acids) were found to be highly linked to flavor formation. In addition, the enhanced color and antioxidant activities of peanuts were attributed to the Maillard reaction and sugar degradation. These results provide comprehensive insights into the quality improvements of peanuts during roasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Dongyu Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yanping Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China; Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xiaoliang Duan
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China.
| | - Hui Sun
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China.
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Popadić D, Gavrilov N, Krstić J, Nedić Vasiljević B, Janošević Ležaić A, Uskoković-Marković S, Milojević-Rakić M, Bajuk-Bogdanović D. Spectral evidence of acetamiprid's thermal degradation products and mechanism. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 301:122987. [PMID: 37327500 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein we unequivocally identify the mechanism of zeolite-catalysed thermal degradation of pesticide, employing Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman and mass spectrometry following temperature decomposition (TPDe/MS). We demonstrate that Y zeolite can effectively adsorb a significant amount of acetamiprid both in a single trial (168 mg/g) and in 10 cycles (1249 mg/g) with intermittent thermal regeneration at 300 °C. Sectional vibrational analysis of acetamiprid two-stage thermal degradation is performed for pristine and supported pesticide. The acetamiprid Raman spectral changes appear at 200 °C, while partial carbonization occurs at 250 °C. The gradual disappearance of the FTIR bands of acetamiprid is seen up to 270 °C when two Raman signature bands for carbonised material emerged. The TPDe/MS profiles reveal the evolution of mass fragments - in the first step, cleavage of the CC bond occurs between the aromatic core of the molecule and its tail-end, followed by cleavage of the CN bond. The mechanism of adsorbed acetamiprid degradation follows the same step, at significantly lower temperatures, as the process is catalysed by the interaction of acetamiprid nitrogens and zeolite support. Reduced temperature degradation allows for a quick recovery process that leaves 65% efficacy after 10 cycles. After numerous cycles of recovery, a subsequent one-time heat treatment at 700 °C completely restores initial efficacy. The efficient adsorption, novel details on degradation mechanism and ease of regeneration procedure place the Y zeolite at the forefront of future all-encompassing environmental solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daliborka Popadić
- National Laboratory Sector, Department of Organic Residual Analysis, Serbian Environmental Protection Agency, 11160 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nemanja Gavrilov
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Physical Chemistry, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jugoslav Krstić
- University Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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16
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Wang J, Lv J, Mei T, Xu M, Jia C, Duan C, Dai H, Liu X, Pi F. Spectroscopic studies on thermal degradation and quantitative prediction on acid value of edible oil during frying by Raman spectroscopy. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 293:122477. [PMID: 36791663 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The health risks posed by harmful substances resulting from the thermal degradation of frying oils are of great concern. Characteristic peak intensity ratios (PIRs) screened from Raman spectra were used to characterize the thermal degradation. High correlation coefficients between PIRs and acid values (AVs) of 0.972 (linear fitting), 0.984 (logarithmic function fitting), and 0.954 (linear fitting) for fried soybean oil, canola oil, and palm oil, were obtained at the PIRs of I1267/I1749, I1267/I1659, and I1267/I1749, respectively. The highly correlated PIRs common to the three oils were determined by Pearson's correlation coefficient combined with heat maps. To accommodate both linear and nonlinear features, a global model for predicting AVs of multi-varieties frying oils was constructed using a least-squares support vector machine algorithm, and the results performed well with a root mean square error of prediction of 0.016 and a ratio of prediction to deviation of 11.351. The whole results demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy could characterize the thermal degradation and has excellent quantitative analysis ability for food control based on AV in frying oils, thus providing a new approach to quality control of frying oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products (Wuhan Polytechnic University), Wuhan 430023, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (Wuhan Polytechnic University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingwen Lv
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingna Mei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengting Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chanchan Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuchu Duan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Huang Dai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products (Wuhan Polytechnic University), Wuhan 430023, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (Wuhan Polytechnic University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products (Wuhan Polytechnic University), Wuhan 430023, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (Wuhan Polytechnic University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuwei Pi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, People's Republic of China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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17
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Kumar A, Lingfa P. Production of liquid hydrocarbons by thermo-acidic method from waste high-density polyethylene. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2023:CCHTS-EPUB-131521. [PMID: 37151067 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230505104640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The study explains the production of useful liquid hydrocarbons by thermo-acidic catalytic thermal degradation of waste high-density polyethylene. A comparative study of the liquid samples with or without catalysts. BACKGROUND Energy demand is high in the world. Waste plastic conversion is nowadays a concern of interest research for scientists. HDPE (High-density polyethylene) is the most common plastic used in households. Different types of catalysts and techniques have been used in the alteration process of waste HDPE. This paper deals with the kandite group of catalyst kaolin and the montmorillonite group of catalyst sodium bentonite in acid-activated mutated form. OBJECTIVE This paper aims to explore the prominent utilization of kaolin clay and sodium bentonite clay minerals as a catalyst for the alteration of waste HDPE into fuel resources and to develop a cost-effective recycling experimental set-up for plastic waste conversion. METHOD Thermo-catalytic acid activation has been done for clay mutation. Hydrochloric acid-activated catalysts have been used in this study. FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) and GC-MS (Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometer) techniques have been used to explore the prominent compounds in the product samples. RESULT Maximum energy per photon for RO (Parent Oil/Raw Oil) and AO(Acid treated thermo-catalytic oil) samples are respectively 58034.01×1024 Joules and 59271.40×1024 Joules concerning wave numbers 2921.42 and 2983.71 cm-1. Compounds of functional groups C-CH3, CH2, alkenes, and CH3 have been identified for RO and AO samples. Less gaseous hydrocarbons 31.79% (outcomes) or 29.66 % (production yield) and 150.06 % of increment in wax have been calculated after using acid-treated catalysts. Aliphatic compounds like alkanes and alkenes are present in the samples. CONCLUSION A mixture of acid-treated kaolin and acid-treated sodium bentonite as the catalysts for degrading waste HDPE into liquid oil greatly reduces wax formation. Average outcomes and production of liquid hydrocarbons are good results with the acid-treated catalytic degradation of HDPE waste. One remarkable fact is that the yield percentage of liquid products is higher in acid-activated catalytic thermal degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awinash Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Madanapalle Institute of Technology & Science (UGC-Autonomous), Madanapalle, Andhra Pradesh, India- 517325
| | - Pradip Lingfa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology (Deemed to be University, Govt. of India), Nirjuli, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh, India-791109
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18
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Bhar R, Mondal A, Dubey BK, Ghangrekar MM. A review on the scope of remediating chlorinated paraffin contaminated water bodies and soils/sediments. Sci Total Environ 2023; 885:163941. [PMID: 37149167 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) involve a wide range of complex mixtures of chlorinated alkanes. The versatility of their physicochemical properties and their wide range of use has turned them into ubiquitous materials. This review covers the scope of remediating CP-contaminated water bodies and soil/sediments via thermal, photolytic, photocatalytic, nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI), microbial and plant-based remediation techniques. Thermal treatments above 800 °C can lead to almost 100 % degradation of CPs by forming chlorinated polyaromatic hydrocarbons and thus should be supported with appropriate pollution control measures leading to high operational and maintenance costs. The hydrophobic nature of CPs lowers their water solubility and reduces their subsequent photolytic degradation. However, photocatalysis can have considerably higher degradation efficiency and generates mineralized end products. The NZVI also showed promising CP removal efficiency, especially at lower pH, which is challenging to achieve during field application. CPs can also be bioremediated by introducing both naturally occurring bacteria and also by engineered bacterial strains which are capable of producing specific enzymes (like LinA2 and LinB) to catalyze CP degradation. Depending on the type of CP, bioremediation can even achieve a dechlorination efficiency of >90 %. Moreover, enhanced degradation rates can be achieved through biostimulation. Phytoremediation has also exhibited CP bioaccumulation and transformation tendencies, both at lab-scale and in field-scale studies. The future research scope can include developing more definitive analytical techniques, toxicity and risk assessment studies of CPs and their degradation products, and technoeconomic and environmental assessment of different remediation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajarshi Bhar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Abhisek Mondal
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India; Department of Infrastructure Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Brajesh K Dubey
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India.
| | - Makarand M Ghangrekar
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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Wang B, Wang X, Zhao L, Zhang Q, Yang G, Zhang D, Guo H. Effects of different types of flame-retardant treatment on the flame performance of polyurethane/wood-flour composites. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15825. [PMID: 37180921 PMCID: PMC10172782 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To improve the flammability of foamed polyurethane/wood-flour composites (FWPC), ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was used as a flame retardant to modified FWPC. The effects of different flame treatment processes on flame performance, smoke suppression, thermal property, and surface micrographs of flame retardant FWPC were investigated. The results showed that FWPC with the addition or impregnation process both improved the combustion behaviors. Compared with the addition process, FWPC-impregnation (FWPC-I) had a lower total heat release (THR), lower peak heat release rate (PHRR), prolonged time to ignition (TTI), more residues, and better combustion safety. FWPC-I had the highest residual carbon rate reaching 39.98%. A flame-retardant layer containing the P-O group was formed in the residual carbon of FWPC-I. Although APP had negative effects on the physical properties of FWPC, it was an effective flame-retardant ability for foamed polyurethane/wood-flour composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wood Material Science and Application (Beijing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xuanye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Wood Material Science and Application (Beijing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Wood Material Science and Application (Beijing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Wood Material Science and Application (Beijing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guochao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Wood Material Science and Application (Beijing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Corresponding author. Key Laboratory of Wood Material Science and Application (Beijing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Daihui Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Nanjing, 210042, Jiangsu, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Hongwu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Wood Material Science and Application (Beijing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Wood Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
- Corresponding author. Key Laboratory of Wood Material Science and Application (Beijing Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China.
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Hoffmann L, Breitkreutz J, Quodbach J. Investigation of the degradation and in-situ amorphization of the enantiomeric drug escitalopram oxalate during Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 185:106423. [PMID: 36918059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Hot-melt extrusion (HME) and subsequent FDM 3D printing offer great potential opportunities in the formulation development and production of customized oral dosage forms with poorly soluble drugs. However, thermal stress within these processes can be challenging for thermo-sensitive drugs. In this work, three different formulations were prepared to investigate the degradation and the solid state of the thermo-sensitive and poorly soluble drug escitalopram oxalate (ESC-OX) during the two heat-intensive processes HME and FDM 3D printing. For this purpose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and basic butylated methacrylate copolymer (bPMMA) were chosen as polymers. DSC and XRD measurements revealed that ESC-OX is amorphous in the HPMC based formulations in both, extrudates and 3D printed tablets. In contrast, in-situ amorphization of the drug from crystalline state in bPMMA filaments was observed during FDM 3D printing. With regard to the content, it was found that degradation of ESC-OX in extrudates with bPMMA could be avoided and in 3D printed tablets almost fully reduced. Furthermore, a possible conversion into the R-enantiomer in the formulation with bPMMA could be excluded using a chiral column. Compared to the commercial product Cipralex®, drug release from extrudates and tablets with bPMMA was slower but still qualified as immediate drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Hoffmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jörg Breitkreutz
- Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Julian Quodbach
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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Chaudhary AS, Kiran B, Sivagami K, Govindarajan D, Chakraborty S. Thermal degradation model of used surgical masks based on machine learning methodology. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2023; 144:104732. [PMID: 36817942 PMCID: PMC9922155 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2023.104732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has leveraged facial masks to be one of the most effective measures to prevent the spread of the virus, which thereby has exponentially increased the usage of facial masks that lead to medical waste mismanagements which pose a serious threat to life. Thermal degradation or pyrolysis is an effective treatment method for the used facial mask wastes and this study aims to investigate the thermal degradation of the same. Methods Predicted the TGA experimental curves of the mask components using a Machine Learning model known as Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Significant findings Three different parts of the mask namely- ribbon, body, and corner were separated and used for the analysis. The thermal degradation behavior is studied using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and this is crucial for determining the reactivity of the individual mask components as they are subjected to a range of temperatures. Using the curves obtained from TGA, kinetic parameters such as Activation energy (E) and Pre-exponential factor (A) were estimated using the Coats-Redfern model-fitting method. Using the determined kinetic parameters, thermodynamic quantities such as a change in Enthalpy (ΔH), Entropy (ΔS), and Gibbs-Free energy (ΔG) were also calculated. Since TGA is a costly and time-consuming process, this study attempted to predict the TGA experimental curves of the mask components using a Machine Learning model known as Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The dataset obtained at a heating rate of 10°C/min was used to train the 3 different neural networks corresponding to the mask components and it showed an excellent agreement with experimental data (R2 > 0.99). Through this study, a complex chemical process such as thermal degradation was modelled using Machine Learning based on available experimental parameters without delving into the intricacies and complexities of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek S Chaudhary
- Process Systems Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014,India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Netherlands
| | - Bandaru Kiran
- Process Systems Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014,India
| | - K Sivagami
- Process Systems Engineering Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014,India
| | - Dhivakar Govindarajan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Environmental and Water Resources Engineering, IIT Madras, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Samarshi Chakraborty
- Colloids and Polymer Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632 014, India
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22
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Chen H, Chen F, Chen H, Liu H, Chen L, Yu L. Thermal degradation and combustion properties of most popular synthetic biodegradable polymers. Waste Manag Res 2023; 41:431-441. [PMID: 36250214 PMCID: PMC9925886 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x221129054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Various products made from biodegradable polymers have been increasing rapidly in the market since the use of non-biodegradable materials has been banned, particularly for the disabled packaging materials. Burning remains the most popular method that is increasingly used in treating city wastes. The impact of these polymers on environmental during thermal degradation and combustion is an important issue for city waste management. In this work, the thermal degradation and combustion behaviours of the most popular synthetic biodegradable polymers in the market, poly(lactide acid) (PLA), poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and polyhydroxyalkenoates (PHA), are investigated. Both isothermal and non-isothermal thermal decomposition in oxygen and nitrogen environment were studied using thermogravimetric analysis combining with differential scanning calorimeter and coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatograph/mass spectroscopy. The combustion behaviour was investigated by a combustion colorimeter. The study results show that thermal degradation temperatures are PCL > PBS > PLA > PBAT > PHA. The thermal decomposition of all the polyesters started from scission reaction (cis-elimination), and then a stereoselective cis-elimination, which resulted in the formation of trans-crotonic acid and its oligomers. They all decomposed into CO2 and water in excess oxygen environment above 800°C. Various chemical products with smaller molecules were detected under oxygen-free conditions, including oligomers and unsaturated carboxylic acid. The order of the total heat release of the materials from high to low is as follows: PHA > PCL > PBAT > PBS > PLA. The combustion values of these polyesters are lower than those of polyolefins; thus, they will not damage furnace used currently. The results provide some important and useful data for managing these new city waste.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Long Yu
- Long Yu, Centre for Polymer from
Renewable Resources, School of Food Science and Engineering, South
China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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23
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Ming Y, Wang Y, Xie Y, Dong X, Nakamura Y, Chen X, Qi H. Polyphenol extracts from Ascophyllum nodosum protected sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicas) body wall against thermal degradation during tenderization. Food Res Int 2023; 164:112419. [PMID: 36738022 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
To retard the protein degradation during sea cucumber processing, polyphenol extracts from Ascophyllum nodosum (PhE) was used as a potential antioxidant to maintain the structural integrity of sea cucumber body wall. Accordingly, the protection effects of PhE (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg PhE/g SFBW) against thermal degradation of the solid fragments of body wall (SFBW) have been investigated in order to evaluate their impact on the oxidation level and structural changes. Electronic Spin Resonance results showed that PhE could significantly inhibit the occurrence of oxidation by scavenging the free radicals. The effect of PhE on chemical analysis of soluble matters in SFBW was characterized by SDS-PAGE and HPLC. Compared with thermally treated SFBW, samples with PhE presented a decrease in protein dissolution. Thermal treatment resulted in the disintegration of collagen fibrils and fibril bundles in SFBW samples, while the density of collagen fibrils was increased, and the porosity decreased in samples with PhE. The results of FTIR and intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence confirmed that the structures of SFBW were modified by PhE. Besides, the denaturing temperature and decomposition temperature were both improved with the addition of PhE. These results suggested that PhE appeared to have a positive effect on lowering oxidation and improving thermostability and structural stability of SFBW, which could provide a theoretical basis for protecting sea cucumber body wall against degradation during thermal tenderization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ming
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, PR China
| | - Yingzhen Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, PR China
| | - Yuqianqian Xie
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, PR China
| | - Xiufang Dong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266042, PR China
| | - Yoshimasa Nakamura
- Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Xing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Hang Qi
- School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian, PR China.
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24
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Pal DB, Tiwari AK, Prasad N, Syed A, Bahkali AH, Srivastava N, Singh RP, Gupta VK. Sustainable valorization of water hyacinth waste pollutant via pyrolysis for advance microbial fuel investigation. Chemosphere 2023; 314:137602. [PMID: 36563719 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Present study has been focused on the bio-energy potential of waste biomass (water hyacinth leaves and its stem). Pyrolysis of both biomasses were investigated at five different heating rates (5-25 °C/min) using thermogravimetric analyzer. For both biomasses, maximum thermal degradation occurred within the temperature range of 200-400 °C, which is the active pyrolytic zone. Three non-iso-conversional (degradation models) including the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and Starink were used to calculate the activation energy of both biomasses. The activation energy was around 92-98 kJ/mol for water hyacinth leaves and 151-153 kJ/mol for water hyacinth stems. The results suggest that these low-cost abundantly available biomasses have a good potential for the production of solid bio-fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Bahadur Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India; Department of Chemical Engineering, Harcourt Butler Technical University, Nawabganj Kanpur, 208002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Amit Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Nirupama Prasad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birsa Institute of Technology Sindri, Dhanbad, 828123, India
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H Bahkali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Neha Srivastava
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Vijai Kumar Gupta
- Biorefining and Advanced Materials Research Center, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK; Center for Safe and Improved Food, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), Kings Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JG, UK.
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25
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Montero-Calderón C, Tacuri R, Solís H, De-La-Rosa A, Gordillo G, Araujo-Granda P. Masks thermal degradation as an alternative of waste valorization on the COVID-19 pandemic: A kinetic study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13518. [PMID: 36785832 PMCID: PMC9907787 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic generated a new dynamic around waste management. Personal protective equipment such as masks, gloves, and face shields were essential to prevent the spread of the disease. However, despite the increase in waste, no technical alternatives were foreseen for the recovery of these wastes, which are made up of materials that can be valued for energy recovery. It is essential to design processes such as waste to energy to promote the circular economy. Therefore, techniques such as pyrolysis and thermal oxidative decomposition of waste materials need to be studied and scaled up, for which kinetic models and thermodynamic parameters are required to allow the design of this reaction equipment. This work develops kinetic models of the thermal degradation process by pyrolysis as an alternative for energy recovery of used masks generated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The wasted masks were isolated for 72 h for virus inactivation and characterized by FTIR-ATR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and determinate the higher calorific value (HCV). The composition of the wasted masks included polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, and spandex, with higher calorific values than traditional fuels. For this reason, they are susceptible to value as an energetic material. Thermal degradation was performed by thermogravimetric analysis at different heating rates in N2 atmosphere. The gases produced were characterized by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The kinetic model was based on the mass loss of the masks on the thermal degradation, then calculated activation energies, reaction orders, pre-exponential factors, and thermodynamic parameters. Kinetics models such as Coats and Redfern, Horowitz and Metzger, Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose were studied to find the best-fit models between the experimental and calculated data. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the thermal degradation processes demonstrated the feasibility and high potential of recovery of these residues with conversions higher than 89.26% and obtaining long-chain branched hydrocarbons, cyclic hydrocarbons, and CO2 as products.
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Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a set of synthetic chemicals which contain several carbon-fluorine (C-F) bonds and have been in production for the past eight decades. PFAS have been used in several industrial and consumer products including nonstick pans, food packaging, firefighting foams, and carpeting. PFAS require proper investigations worldwide due to their omnipresence in the biotic environment and the resulting pollution to drinking water sources. These harmful chemicals have been associated with adverse health effects such as liver damage, cancer, low fertility, hormone subjugation, and thyroid illness. In addition, these fluorinated compounds show high chemical, thermal, biological, hydrolytic, photochemical, and oxidative stability. Therefore, effective treatment processes are required for the removal and degradation of PFAS from wastewater, drinking water, and groundwater. Previous review papers have provided excellent summaries on PFAS treatment technologies, but the focus has been on the elimination efficiency without providing mechanistic understanding of removal/degradation pathways. The present review summarizes a comprehensive examination of various thermal and non-thermal PFAS destruction technologies. It includes sonochemical/ultrasound degradation, microwave hydrothermal treatment, subcritical or supercritical treatment, electrical discharge plasma technology, thermal destruction methods/incinerations, low/high-temperature thermal desorption process, vapor energy generator (VEG) technology and mechanochemical destruction. The background, degradation mechanisms/pathways, and advances of each remediation process are discussed in detail in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanny Verma
- Pegasus Technical Services, Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio 4219, USA
| | - Tae Lee
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA
| | - Endalkachew Sahle-Demessie
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA
| | - Mohamed Ateia
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA
| | - Mallikarjuna N. Nadagouda
- Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, USA
- Corresponding author. (M.N. Nadagouda)
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27
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Kaushik VS, Dhanalakshmi CS, Madhu P, Tamilselvam P. Co-pyrolysis of neem wood bark and low-density polyethylene: influence of plastic on pyrolysis product distribution and bio-oil characterization. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:88213-88223. [PMID: 35831654 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21746-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the investigation on the effect of plastic during co-pyrolysis with biomass was carried out in a fixed reactor. Pyrolysis of neem wood bark (NB), low density polyethylene (LDPE) and their blends at different ratios was performed in order to evaluate the product distribution. The effects of reaction temperature and NB-to-LDPE blend ratio on product distribution and the chemical compositions of pyrolysis oil were examined. The co-pyrolysis of NB and LDPE increased the yield and quality of the bio-oil. The experiments were conducted under different LDPE addition percentages such as 20%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 80%. Under the optimum experimental condition of 60% addition of LDPE and a temperature of 450 °C, the maximum yield of bio-oil (64.8 wt%) and hydrocarbon (75.2%) was achieved with the lowest yield of oxygenated compounds. The calorific value of the co-pyrolysis oil was found to be higher than that of the NB pyrolysis oil. The relationship between NB and LDPE during co-pyrolysis was validated with the help of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, which showed decreased oxygenated compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Petchimuthu Madhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Karpagam College of Engineering, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, 641032, India
| | - Palanisamy Tamilselvam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, SNS College of Technology, Tamil Nadu, 641035, Coimbatore, India
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28
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Billié S, Reversé K, Chambon S, Cachot T, Pierre R, Gerfaud T, Longoni D, Gennari M, Raynard H, Talbot E, Charras K, Bertin D, Joly-Battaglini M, Pedrassi G, Boiteau JG, Cren C, Harris CS. Completion of the impurity profile of lymecycline: Formal identification of impurities E and F. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 220:114993. [PMID: 36007309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Lymecycline is the drug substance (DS) used in the Galderma drug product Tetralysal® capsules with 7 impurities currently described in the pharmacopeia labelled as A-G. In the current monograph, the structural identity of all impurities except E and F have been formally identified. In this manuscript, through both formal synthesis and preparative chromatography, we are the first group to confirm the structural identity, response factor of Impurity F and conditions which exacerbate the formation of both impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Reversé
- Nuvisan France SARL, CS 10287, 06905 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | | | - Tony Cachot
- Nuvisan France SARL, CS 10287, 06905 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Romain Pierre
- Nuvisan France SARL, CS 10287, 06905 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Thibaud Gerfaud
- Nuvisan France SARL, CS 10287, 06905 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Davide Longoni
- Olon SpA, Strada Rivoltana, Km 6/7, 20053 Rodano, MI, Italy
| | | | | | - Eric Talbot
- Pharmaron Discovery & Early Development, West Hill Innovation Park, Hertford Road, Hoddesdon, Hertfordshire EN11 9FH, UK
| | - Karine Charras
- Laboratoires Galderma SAS, ZI Montdésir, 74540 Alby-sur-Chéran, France
| | - Didier Bertin
- Galderma SA, Av. d'Ouchy 4, 1006 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Cécile Cren
- Galderma SA, Av. d'Ouchy 4, 1006 Lausanne, Switzerland
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29
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Zhang W, Jia J, Ding Y, Jiang G, Sun L, Lu K. Effects of heating rate on thermal degradation behavior and kinetics of representative thermoplastic wastes. J Environ Manage 2022; 314:115071. [PMID: 35430512 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Waste thermoplastics are the most common solid wastes, and thermal degradation has excellent advantages in the disposal of these wastes and obtaining valuable hydrocarbon fuels. As a significant factor, the heating rate is crucial to the thermal degradation process. Consequently, thermal degradation behavior and kinetics of representative thermoplastics under different heating rates were investigated by using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry in the air. Kinetic parameters were estimated by using the Coats-Redfern method. Subsequently, the Shuffled Complex Evolution (SCE) method was used to optimize kinetic parameters, and the optimized results were compared with the calculated kinetics of distributed activation energy model (DAEM) method to find the effects of heating rate on kinetic parameters. The results showed that with the increase of heating rate, thermogravimetric curves moved to the right, which corresponded to a higher temperature range. The number of mass loss rate peaks and exothermic peaks decreased. Additionally, activation energy was the same at the determined minimum and maximum heating rates, and other heating rates had little effect on kinetic parameters. Moreover, the calculated activation energy of the DAEM method at the minimum heating rate of 5 K/min was closest to the optimized values of the SCE method, indicating that the lower the minimum heating rate was, the more accurate the activation energy was.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zhang
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jia Jia
- Naval Research Institute, Beijing, 100161, China
| | - Yanming Ding
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
| | - Gonghua Jiang
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Prevention and Control, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China
| | - Kaihua Lu
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Ragab A, Ammar YA, Ezzat A, Mahmoud AM, Mohamed MBI, El-Tabl AS, Farag RS. Synthesis, characterization, thermal properties, antimicrobial evaluation, ADMET study, and molecular docking simulation of new mono Cu (II) and Zn (II) complexes with 2-oxoindole derivatives. Comput Biol Med 2022; 145:105473. [PMID: 35395516 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
One of the interesting research fields is developing and assessing novel metal-containing medications. A new isatin-3-thiosemicarbazone derivative 4 was synthesized by two different methods based on hydrazone derivatives 2 and 3. Additionally, the chelation of thiosemicarbazone with copper (II) and zinc (II) forms a monobasic tridentate (ONS) complex with two five-member rings and a tetrahedral geometry structure. The structure of synthesized complexes was characterized using elemental analysis, FT-IR, mass spectra, and 1H/13C NMR. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed the upgrading of the thermal stability of metal complexes compared to their thiosemicarbazone ligand. The stoichiometric ratio of the coordination confirmed the formation of 1:1 (M: L) stoichiometry. In vitro antimicrobial activity was screened against two gram-positive, two gram-negative, and one fungal strain. Both ligand 4 and Zn complex 6 displayed high antimicrobial activity compared with copper complex 5 based on the zone of inhibition. Further, MIC and MBC were determined for both zinc and ligand. The zinc complex 6 displayed excellent antimicrobial activity with (MIC = 3.9-27.77 μg/mL) against bacterial strains and (MIC = 7.81 μg/mL) against C. albicans, as well as exhibited MBC values ranging between (MBC = 6.51-45.58 μg/mL) and (MFC = 13.58 μg/mL), respectively, and demonstrated bactericidal and fungicidal behavior. The in-silico ADMET study for ligand and two complexes were determined and showed non-AMES toxicity, non-carcinogenic, and obey the rule of five. A comparative docking study provided more insight into the binding mechanisms and suggested that antimicrobial activity may be due to inhibition of different targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ragab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt.
| | - Yousry A Ammar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ezzat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Ammar M Mahmoud
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Basseem I Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
| | - Abdou S El-Tabl
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, El-Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Rabie S Farag
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11884, Egypt
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31
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Bai G, Ma CG, Chen XW, Hu YY, Guo SJ. Thermal degradation of stigmasterol under the deodorisation temperature exposure alone and in edible corn oil. Food Chem 2022; 370:131030. [PMID: 34507209 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Phytosterols are commonly found in vegetable oils and possess health benefits for humans. While investigating the chemical conversion of stigmasterol at deodorisation temperatures, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) experiments led to the identification of 5-ethyl-6-methyl-3-heptene-2-one, 3-hydoxy-steroid, 3-ketostigmasterol, and 3,7-diketostigmasterol as by-products. The identification of these compounds assisted in the interpretation of the stigmasterol oligomers characterised by high-pressure size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). A similar analysis was conducted in stripped corn oil at the deodorisation temperatures. As such, 5-ethyl-6-methyl-3-heptene-2-one, 3-hydoxy-steroid, 3-ketostigmasterol and 3,7-diketostigmasterol were also detected in stripped corn oil, while the contents of 3-hydoxy-steroid and 5-ethyl-6-methyl-3-heptene-2-one were higher than those of 3-ketostigmasterol, as revealed by quantum chemical simulations. In addition, stripped corn oil exhibited the characteristic of preventing stigmasterol degradation below 200 °C, whereas it enhanced the chemical conversion (such as esterification and degradation) of stigmasterol at higher temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Bai
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Chuan-Guo Ma
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Wei Chen
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Yu-Yuan Hu
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Shu-Jing Guo
- Lipid Technology and Engineering, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, PR China
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Eason K, Grey T, Cabrera M, Basinger N, Hurdle N. Assessment of flumioxazin soil behavior and thermal stability in aqueous solutions. Chemosphere 2022; 288:132477. [PMID: 34634276 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flumioxazin is a preemergence, N-phenylpththalimide herbicide that can be applied to control a broad spectrum of weeds in a variety of cropping systems. Limited information exists concerning the environmental fate of flumioxazin, therefore the present studies investigated the kinetic behavior of flumioxazin in soil and aqueous solution using field and analytical techniques to establish its degradation properties. Flumioxazin half-life in a Greenville sandy clay loam and Faceville loamy sand was 26.6 d. Flumioxazin was determined to have a groundwater ubiquity score of 1.79, indicating a low leachability potential. There was an inverse correlation between flumioxazin concentration in soil, rainfall, and solar radiation. There was no direct correlation between flumioxazin concentration and soil temperature. Flumioxazin activation energy was 58.4 (±1.2) kJ mol-1 with a Q10 value of 2.2. Even at the lowest amount of solar radiation and soil temperature, the energy from these environmental measures exceeded the activation energy needed for flumioxazin degradation. Flumioxazin stability in solution and field dissipation indicate that, with the input of thermal energy, degradation can be rapid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Eason
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, 31793, GA, USA.
| | - Timothy Grey
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, 31793, GA, USA
| | - Miguel Cabrera
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602, GA, USA
| | - Nicholas Basinger
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, 30602, GA, USA
| | - Nicholas Hurdle
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, University of Georgia, Tifton, 31793, GA, USA
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Wei Chen H, Po Fang W. A novel method for the microencapsulation of curcumin by high-pressure processing for enhancing the stability and preservation. Int J Pharm 2021; 613:121403. [PMID: 34933079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is used for the development of new pharmaceutical and food products, but its application is generally hindered by the poor solubility of curcumin and thermal instability during storage and processing. In this study, the liposomes of curcumin (cur-liposomes) were prepared by a novel combination of ethanol injection and high-pressure processing (HPP) to enhance the stability and preservation of curcumin. The pasteurization, mean particle size, size distribution, and encapsulation efficiency of cur-liposomes and the kinetics of their thermal degradation were also investigated in this research. From the results, the kinetic rate constants of curcumin in samples of free curcumin and cur-liposome at 25 °C were found to be 1.6 × 10-3 and 0.8 × 10-3 min-1, respectively. The phospholipid bilayer structure could protect curcumin. The results propose that the HPP method for liposome preparation is superior to the probe-sonication method in terms of stability, encapsulation efficiency, and homogeneity. Furthermore, the preparation of cur-liposomes by HPP with a hydrostatic pressure of 200 MPa could maintain the optimal particle size (206.4 nm) and polydispersity index (0.19). Conclusively, the combination of ethanol injection and HPP can not only successfully inactivate the microorganisms during liposome preparation for microencapsulation of bioactive compounds but also effectively preventthe thermal degradation of heat-sensitive substances in non-thermal processing for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wei Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Ilan University, 1, Sec. 1, Shen-Lung Road, Yilan 260, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Wu Po Fang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Ilan University, 1, Sec. 1, Shen-Lung Road, Yilan 260, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Sheven DG, Pervukhin VV. Acceleration of the thermal degradation of PETN in the microdroplets flow reactor. J Hazard Mater 2021; 420:126670. [PMID: 34329107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Thermal degradation of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) was investigated in microdroplets within a heated capillary used as a flow reactor. The thermal degradation was monitored by aerodynamic thermal breakup droplet ionization mass spectrometry. It was shown that the PETN degradation in microdroplets occurs much faster than the bulk reaction (by 4-5 orders of magnitude). The effect of the capillary material [stainless steel (Fe, Cr), copper (Cu), or fused quartz (SiO2)] on the thermal PETN degradation in microdroplets of water or acetonitrile was studied next. The capillary material affected the rate of thermal PETN degradation much more weakly than did the use of microdroplets (pure Cu was most conducive to the degradation). Kinetic parameters (activation energy and the frequency factor) of the PETN degradation for all the studied materials of the flow-through reactor and the solvents were estimated under the assumption that the thermal degradation is a first-order reaction. Implications of the acceleration of PETN degradation in microdroplets are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy G Sheven
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of SB RAS, Acad. Lavrentieva Ave., 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| | - Viktor V Pervukhin
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of SB RAS, Acad. Lavrentieva Ave., 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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35
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Zhou H, Wang Y, Li S, Lu M. Improving chemical stability of resveratrol in hot melt extrusion based on formation of eutectic with nicotinamide. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:121042. [PMID: 34450224 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hot melt extrusion (HME) is a technique applied in the preparation of pharmaceutical amorphous solid dispersions (ASD). Notably it is important to prevent thermal degradation of heat-sensitive drugs during HME. In this study, we present a new strategy to improve chemical stability of pharmaceutical compounds during HME through the formation of eutectics with small molecules. Resveratrol (RES) was selected as the model compound because it is a heat-liable natural product with a very high melting point of 267 °C. When heated at its melting point for 3 min, it degrades by 40%. RES can co-crystallize with nicotinamide (NIC) in solution, however, it can only form a eutectic with NIC during heating. HPMCAS was selected as the polymer matrix and the drug loading of RES was fixed as 20% (weight ratio). The lowest extrusion temperature that can result to RES-HPMCAS ASD is 215 °C. At this temperature, RES shows 7.36% degradation during extrusion. Replacement of 21.4% HPMCAS with NIC decreased the melting temperature of NIC and thus lowered the minimal extrusion temperature to 155 °C. This effectively prevented thermal degradation of RES without negatively affecting non-sink dissolution. The only extra cost for this method is stricter storage conditions (low temperature and low humidity) due to the low glass transition temperature of NIC. Similar strategy may be applied to other heat-liable drugs in similar ways. This study demonstrates the use of eutectic formation for preventing thermal degradation of drug during extrusion of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyue Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuting Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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36
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Tsochatzis ED, Nebel C, Danielsen M, Sundekilde UK, Kastrup Dalsgaard T. Thermal degradation of metabolites in urine using multiple isotope-labelled internal standards for off-line GC metabolomics - effects of injector and oven temperatures. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1181:122902. [PMID: 34530307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Thermal processes are widely used in small molecule chemical analysis and metabolomics for derivatization, vaporization, chromatography, and ionization, especially in gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). An optimized derivatization protocol has been successfully applied using multiple isotope labelled analytical internal standards of selected deuterated and 13C selected compounds, covering a range of different groups of metabolites for non-automated GC metabolomics (off-line). Moreover, the study was also realized in a pooled urine sample, following metabolic profiling. A study of thermal degradation of metabolites due to GC inlet and oven programs (fast, slow) was performed, where the results indicated that both GC oven programs (fast and slow) negatively affected the thermal stability of the metabolites, while the fast-ramp GC program also suppressed MS signals. However, the use of multiple internal standards can overcome this drawback. The application of extended temperature ramp GC program presented identical behaviour on metabolite stability and better chromatographic separation combined with much lower signal suppression, compared to a short temperature ramp program. No effects were observed for organic acids, fatty acids, sugars and sugar alcohols, while significant differences were observed for amino acids. GC metabolomics is a strong tool that can facilitate analysis, but special attention is required for sampling handling and heating, before and during the GC analysis. The use and application of multiple multi-group internal standards is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil D Tsochatzis
- Department of Food Science, Agro Food Park 48, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark; CiFOOD, Centre for Innovative Research, Aarhus University. Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Caroline Nebel
- Department of Food Science, Agro Food Park 48, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark
| | - Marianne Danielsen
- Department of Food Science, Agro Food Park 48, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark; CiFOOD, Centre for Innovative Research, Aarhus University. Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; CBIO, Centre of Circular Bioeconomy, Blichers Allé 20, Tjele 8830, Denmark
| | - Ulrik K Sundekilde
- Department of Food Science, Agro Food Park 48, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark; CiFOOD, Centre for Innovative Research, Aarhus University. Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Trine Kastrup Dalsgaard
- Department of Food Science, Agro Food Park 48, Aarhus N 8200, Denmark; CiFOOD, Centre for Innovative Research, Aarhus University. Agro Food Park 48, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark; CBIO, Centre of Circular Bioeconomy, Blichers Allé 20, Tjele 8830, Denmark.
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Valenti S, Del Valle L, Yousefzade O, Macovez R, Franco L, Puiggalí J. Chloramphenicol loaded polylactide melt electrospun scaffolds for biomedical applications. Int J Pharm 2021; 606:120897. [PMID: 34293473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Melt electrospinning of polylactide (PLA) loaded with chloramphenicol (CAM) has been performed and characteristics of fibers, physical properties of scaffolds, CAM release behavior, antibacterial properties and biocompatibility have been evaluated. The interest of CAM loaded samples is nowadays enhanced for biomedical applications since this antibiotic has been demonstrated to be efficient for the treatment of cancer. Melt electrospinning has been selected as an ideal preparation process because it avoids the use of toxic solvents which are harmful to the environment and could be problematic for biomedical applications. The electrospinning process rendered fibers with a relatively large diameter (between 20 μm and 40 μm depending on the load) and minimum polymer degradation. Characteristics of melt electrospun scaffolds were also compared with those prepared by solution electrospinning. Differences consisted in a more sustained release and a higher biocompatibility for the melt processed samples. Bactericide effect was evaluated as an evidence of the maintenance of the CAM bioactivity after melt processing at high temperature and the slower release caused by the relatively high diameter of the constitutive fibers. Since pure CAM showed thermal degradation at temperatures relatively close to the PLA melting temperature, a complete analysis of the degradation process of pure CAM as well as of PLA samples loaded with CAM was performed. The Invariant Kinetic Parameters method allowed determining an initial decomposition step that followed an autoaccelatory Avrami model, and then an autocatalytic decomposition reaction took place for conversions higher than 50%. Dispersion in the PLA matrix enhances the thermal stability of the antibiotic, with an onset temperature of degradation that was higher by 16 °C in the melt-electrospun fibers than in the liquid state of pure CAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Valenti
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Escola Enginyeria de Barcelona Est-EEBE, c/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - Luis Del Valle
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Escola Enginyeria de Barcelona Est-EEBE, c/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - Omid Yousefzade
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Escola Enginyeria de Barcelona Est-EEBE, c/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain
| | - Roberto Macovez
- Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, EEBE, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lourdes Franco
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Escola Enginyeria de Barcelona Est-EEBE, c/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain.
| | - Jordi Puiggalí
- Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus Diagonal-Besòs, Av. Eduard Maristany 10-14, E-08019 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Escola Enginyeria de Barcelona Est-EEBE, c/Eduard Maristany 10-14, Barcelona 08019, Spain.
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38
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Sasi PC, Alinezhad A, Yao B, Kubátová A, Golovko SA, Golovko MY, Xiao F. Effect of granular activated carbon and other porous materials on thermal decomposition of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances: Mechanisms and implications for water purification. Water Res 2021; 200:117271. [PMID: 34082264 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Thermal treatment is routinely used to reactivate the spent granular activated carbon (GAC) from water purification facilities. It is also an integral part of sewage sludge treatment and municipal solid waste management. This study presents a detailed investigation of the fate of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and one PFAS alternative (GenX) in thermal processes, focusing on the effect of GAC. We demonstrate that the thermolysis of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and GenX can occur at temperatures of 150‒200 °C. Three temperature zones were discovered for PFOA, including a stable and nonvolatile zone (≤90 °C), a phase-transfer and thermal decomposition zone (90‒400 °C), and a fast decomposition zone (≥400 °C). The thermal decomposition began with the homolysis of a C‒C bond next to the carboxyl group of PFCAs, which formed unstable perfluoroalkyl radicals. Dual decomposition pathways seem to exist. The addition of a highly porous adsorbent, such as GAC or a copolymer resin, compressed the intermediate sublimation zone of PFCAs, changed their thermal decomposition pathways, and increased the decomposition rate constant by up to 150-fold at 250 °C. The results indicate that the observed thermal decomposition acceleration was linked to the adsorption of gas-phase PFCA molecules on GAC. The presence of non-activated charcoals/biochars with a low affinity for PFOA did not accelerate its thermal decomposition, suggesting that the π electron-rich, polyaromatic surface of charcoal/GAC played an insignificant role compared to the adsorbent's porosity. Overall, the results indicate that (1) substantial decomposition of PFCAs and GenX during conventional thermal GAC/sludge/waste treatment is very likely, and (2) the presence or addition of GAC or other highly porous materials can accelerate thermal PFAS decomposition and alter decomposition pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavankumar Challa Sasi
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of North Dakota, 243 Centennial Drive Stop 8115, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Ali Alinezhad
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of North Dakota, 243 Centennial Drive Stop 8115, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Bin Yao
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of North Dakota, 243 Centennial Drive Stop 8115, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States; Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Alena Kubátová
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, 151 Cornell Street Stop 9024, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Svetlana A Golovko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, 1301 Columbia Road North Stop 9037, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Mikhail Y Golovko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, 1301 Columbia Road North Stop 9037, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of North Dakota, 243 Centennial Drive Stop 8115, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States.
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Murthy NS, Shultz RB, Iovine CP, Kohn J. Thermal Processing of a Degradable Carboxylic Acid-Functionalized Polycarbonate into Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering. POLYM ENG SCI 2021; 61:2012-2022. [PMID: 34421132 PMCID: PMC8378799 DOI: 10.1002/pen.25716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Degradable polymers are often desirable for the fabrication of medical implants, but thermal processing of these polymers is a challenge. We describe here how these problems can be addressed by discussing the extrusion of fibers and injection molding of bone pins from a hydrolytically degradable tyrosine-derived polycarbonate. Our initial attempts produced fibers and pins with bubbles, voids, and discoloration, and resulted in the formation of large polymer plugs that seized screws and blocked extruder dies. The material and process parameters that contribute to these issues were investigated by studying the physical and chemical changes that occur during processing. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) scans and thermogravimetric analysis combined with IR (TGA-IR) analysis revealed the role of residual moisture and residual solvents that in conjunction with heat cause degradation and crosslinking as indicated by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Rheology and melt-flow index measurements were useful in characterizing the extent of dependence of polymer viscosity on temperature and molecular weight. With these insights, we could process our polymer into fibers and rods by controlling residual moisture, time and temperature, and by adjusting processing parameters in real-time. The systematic approach described here is applicable to other degradable polymers that are difficult to process.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Sanjeeva Murthy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Robert B. Shultz
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- CMC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19143
| | - Carmine P. Iovine
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Joachim Kohn
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University, Piscataway, NJ 08854
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Mahanta BP, Bora PK, Kemprai P, Borah G, Lal M, Haldar S. Thermolabile essential oils, aromas and flavours: Degradation pathways, effect of thermal processing and alteration of sensory quality. Food Res Int 2021; 145:110404. [PMID: 34112407 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant-based aroma chemicals, constituting the essential oils play a great role as the natural flavours and preservatives in the food industries. Many of these metabolites are susceptible to degradation under heat (i.e. thermolabile aroma chemicals) which may influence the organoleptic properties of the end-products e.g. essential oil, oleoresin, dry herb, tea and packaged juice. The current review identified in total 42 thermolabile aroma and/or flavour molecules belonging to monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids and phenolics. The probable pathway of their degradation and its promoting conditions were also described. Degradation pathways were categorized into five major classes including oxidation, C-C bond cleavage, elimination, hydrolysis and rearrangement. Numerous evidences were cited in support of the thermosensitivity of these phytochemicals under pyrolytic, thermal heating or gas chromatographic conditions. Various post-harvest processes involved in the manufacturing such as drying and distillation of the crops or thermal treatment of the food-products for storage were highlighted as the root cause of degradation. The influence of thermolabile aroma chemicals to maintain the sensory quality of the end-products such as citrus juices, floral oils and thermally cooked foods was discussed in detail. In the present article, detailed insight into the chemical and sensory aspects of thermosensitive aromas and flavours was provided, covering the period from 1990 up to 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Protim Mahanta
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006, India; AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Pranjit Kumar Bora
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006, India; AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Phirose Kemprai
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006, India; AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Gitasree Borah
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006, India; AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Mohan Lal
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006, India; AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India
| | - Saikat Haldar
- Agrotechnology and Rural Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology (NEIST), Jorhat, Assam 785006, India; AcSIR-Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201002, India.
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Wu M, Shi Z, Ming Y, Wang C, Qiu X, Li G, Ma T. Thermostable and rheological properties of natural and genetically engineered xanthan gums in different solutions at high temperature. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 182:1208-1217. [PMID: 33989686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Thermostability is an important indicator to evaluate xanthan applied in the oilfield industry. Besides reductive agents, salts, and pH, the inherent primary structure is also an important determinant of thermostability. In this work, the thermal conformational transition and degradation of natural xanthan XG and variants XG-A0, XG-AA, and XG-0P dissolved in different solvents were compared. Acetylated XG-A0 and XG-AA both showed the highest initial conformational transition temperature (Tm0) in distilled water, NaCl, and CaCl2 brines. Additionally, the variant XG-A0 dissolved in water was more thermostable although its acetyl group was hydrolyzed easily after a hot-rolling test at 110 °C. Thermostability could be reinforced by adding antioxidant Na2SO3 and saturated NaCl through improving Tm0 value or inhibiting degradation of the molecular chain and acyl groups. Furthermore, pyruvyl-rich XG-0P dissolved in saturated NaCl showing multi-stranded helix structure was also stable after a hot-rolling process. Therefore, xanthan variants, as biological products, will have broader application potential in the oilfield industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Ming
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Research & Service Center of Fracturing & Acidizing Technology, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaohui Qiu
- Research & Service Center of Fracturing & Acidizing Technology, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, PetroChina, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Ting Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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Deng Y, Dewil R, Appels L, Ansart R, Baeyens J, Kang Q. Reviewing the thermo-chemical recycling of waste polyurethane foam. J Environ Manage 2021; 278:111527. [PMID: 33126201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide production of polymeric foam materials is growing due to their advantageous properties of light weight, high thermal insulation, good strength, resistance and rigidity. Society creates ever increasing amounts of poly-urethane (PU) waste. A major part of this waste can be recycled or recovered in order to be put into further use. The PU industry is committed to assist and play its part in the process. The recycling and recovery of PU foam cover a range of mechanical, physical, chemical and thermo-chemical processes. In addition to the well-documented mechanical and chemical processing options, thermo-chemical treatments are important either as ultimate disposal (incineration) or towards feedstock recovery, leading to different products according to the thermal conditions of the treatment. The review focuses on these thermo-chemical and thermal processes. As far as pyrolysis is concerned, TDI and mostly polyol can be recovered. The highest recovery yields of TDI and polyols occur at low temperatures (150-200 °C). It is however clear from literature that pure feedstock will not be produced, and that a further upgrading of the condensate will be needed, together with a thermal or alternative treatment of the non-condensables. Gasification towards syngas has been studied on a larger and industrial scale. Its application would need the location of the PU treatment plant close to a chemical plant, if the syngas is to be valorized or considered in conjunction with a gas-fired CHP plant. Incineration has been studied mostly in a co-firing scheme. Potentially toxic emissions from PU combustion can be catered for by the common flue gas cleaning behind the incineration itself, making this solution less evident as a stand-alone option: the combination with other wastes (such as municipal solid waste) in MSWI's seems the indicated route to go.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Deng
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - Raf Dewil
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - Lise Appels
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Process and Environmental Technology Lab, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Belgium
| | - Renaud Ansart
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Jan Baeyens
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Smart Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Kang
- Tianjin Agricultural University, Department of Basic Science, Tianjin, China.
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Moreno-Tovar R, Bucio L, Thions C, Tehuacanero-Cuapa S. Thermal degradation and lifetime of β-chitin from Dosidicus gigas squid pen: Effect of impact at 9.7 GPa and a comparative study with α-chitin. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:116987. [PMID: 33142559 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of thermal degradation of β-chitin extracted from Dosidicus gigas squid pen, was studied at normal conditions as well as after being subjected to the action of high-pressure impact of 9.7 GPa. The integral iso-conversional procedure of Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) recommended by the ICTAC kinetics committee was applied to the non-isothermal data obtained from thermogravimetry (TGA). Lifetimes were predicted without assumption of any reaction model. Heating rates of β = 10, 15, 20 and 25 °C/min under nitrogen atmosphere were used from room temperature to 1300 °C. A comparative study with α-chitin was performed. All the samples were structurally and chemically characterized by several techniques. The extracted β-chitin was found to be in the monohydrate form; while with the action of high-pressure impact, it was transformed into β-chitin dehydrate showing slightly higher stability. Reliable prediction for lifetimes considering working temperatures over 425 K was found for α and β-chitin.
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Ferrari E, Arantes LC, Salum LB, Caldas ED. Analysis of non-derivatized 2-(4-R-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[(2-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]ethanamine using short column gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1634:461657. [PMID: 33161196 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The 25R-NBOH family is a group of thermally labile compounds that are relevant for forensic sciences and traditionally analyzed by GC-MS after derivatization - a step that is time consuming in a routine work. In this paper, the use of short analytical columns (4 and 10 m) showed to decrease compound degradation in the GC oven during chromatographic separation and to allow the analysis of non-derivatized 25R-NBOH compounds by GC-MS. A shorter column demanded a higher gas flow rate, and both factors decreased residence time of the analytes in the column and their degradation. The inlet temperature (250° C or 280°C) did not impact the response of 25R-NBOH. A 25R-NBOH fragmentation pathway by electron ionization was also presented for the first time. The GC-MS method with a 4 m column was successfully applied to other compounds of forensic interest, and it can be tested in the analysis of biological samples in toxicological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Ferrari
- Forensic Analysis Laboratory, Criminalistic Institute, Civil Police of the Federal District, 70610-907 Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Luciano Chaves Arantes
- Forensic Analysis Laboratory, Criminalistic Institute, Civil Police of the Federal District, 70610-907 Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Lívia Barros Salum
- Forensic Analysis Laboratory, Criminalistic Institute, Civil Police of the Federal District, 70610-907 Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Dutra Caldas
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Brasília, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900 Brasília, Federal District, Brazil.
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Sun B, Li Q, Zheng M, Su G, Lin S, Wu M, Li C, Wang Q, Tao Y, Dai L, Qin Y, Meng B. Recent advances in the removal of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) using multifunctional materials:a review. Environ Pollut 2020; 265:114908. [PMID: 32540566 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have gained heightened attentions in recent years owing to their persistent property and hazard influence on wild life and human beings. Removal of POPs using varieties of multifunctional materials have shown a promising prospect compared with conventional treatments. Herein, three main categories, including thermal degradation, electrochemical remediation, as well as photocatalytic degradation with the use of diverse catalytic materials, especially the recently developed prominent ones were comprehensively reviewed. Kinetic analysis and underlying mechanism for various POPs degradation processes were addressed in detail. The review also systematically documented how catalytic performance was dramatically affected by the nature of the material itself, the structure of target pollutants, reaction conditions and treatment techniques. Moreover, the future challenges and prospects of POPs degradation by means of multiple multifunctional materials were outlined accordingly. Knowing this is of immense significance to enhance our understanding of POPs remediation procedures and promote the development of novel multifunctional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Minghui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guijin Su
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Shijing Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, PR China
| | - Mingge Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chuanqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qingliang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuming Tao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lingwen Dai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Qin
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Bowen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Kamei-Ishikawa N, Maeda T, Soma M, Yoshida N, Sameshima Y, Sasamoto M, Higashiyama Y, Touno E, Ito A. Tylosin degradation during manure composting and the effect of the degradation byproducts on the growth of green algae. Sci Total Environ 2020; 718:137295. [PMID: 32087586 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the tylosin degradation in sheep feces during composting. The sheep feces containing tylosin were composted using the laboratory-scale composting units. Tylosin was degraded during composting, and the half-life of tylosin degradation decreased with increasing temperature from 40 °C to 65 °C. The tylosin degradation in sheep feces can be attributed to the microorganisms in the feces and not to heating because tylosin did not degrade over a period of 48 h at temperatures of 0 °C-65 °C in sterilized water. The artificial rainwater solution extracted from the composted sample did not inhibit the growth of Raphidocelis subcapitata, a type of green alga. Our results indicate that composting the feces containing tylosin is effective in degrading tylosin, which may result in the preservation of agricultural fields as well as nearby aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Kamei-Ishikawa
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Ueda 4-3-5, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551, Japan.
| | - Takeki Maeda
- Faculty of agriculture, Iwate University, Ueda 3-18-8, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
| | - Misaki Soma
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Iwate University, Ueda 4-3-5, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551, Japan
| | - Naoto Yoshida
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Ueda 4-3-5, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551, Japan
| | - Yota Sameshima
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Ueda 4-3-5, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551, Japan
| | - Makoto Sasamoto
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Ueda 4-3-5, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551, Japan
| | - Yumi Higashiyama
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 4 Akahira, Shimo-kuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0198, Japan
| | - Eiko Touno
- Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 4 Akahira, Shimo-kuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0198, Japan
| | - Ayumi Ito
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Ueda 4-3-5, Morioka, Iwate 020-8551, Japan
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47
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Belchior de Andrade AF, Elie M, Weck C, Jardim Zacca J, de Souza MP, Caldas LNB, Gonzalez-Rodriguez J. Challenges in the identification of new thermolabile psychoactive substances: The 25I-NBOH case. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 312:110306. [PMID: 32408040 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The continuous emergence of NPS over the last years poses a series of novel challenges for forensic analysts. Most of those new compounds are synthesized with minimal chemical modifications to the structure of already known chemicals in order to avoid regulations. Some of these new compounds may undergo chemical changes during analysis leading to misidentification and detrimental legal consequences. GC-MS is one of the most widely used analytical techniques employed by forensic laboratories all over the world for drug analysis. Nevertheless, thermolabile NPS, such as 25I-NBOH can generate artefacts in the traditional GC-MS analysis. In this paper, we describe the fragmentation mechanism of the 25I-NBOH into a major peak corresponding to 2C-I and a minor one corresponding to the associated ortho-phenolic benzyl ether (o-PBE), which exact identity is directly linked with the solvent used for the analysis. Also, a series of method adjustments is displayed, encompassing variation on the injector temperature, split ratio and flow ratio, although with no success to prevent 25I-NBOH thermo degradation in the GC injector. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that 25I-NBOH's thermal stability is due to a smaller temperature window between fusion and decomposition points. Finally, we perform derivatization experiments and demonstrate how to overcome 25I-NBOH degradation in the GC/MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flávia Belchior de Andrade
- Seção de Perícias e Análises Laboratoriais, Instituto de Criminalística, Polícia Civil do Distrito Federal, SPO, Lote 23, Bloco E, Brasília, DF CEP 70610-200, Brazil.
| | - Mathieu Elie
- School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Christian Weck
- School of Pharmacy, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Jorge Jardim Zacca
- Instituto Nacional de Criminalística, Polícia Federal, SPO - Lote 7 - Setores Complementares - Brasília/DF, CEP 70.610-902, Brazil
| | - Mônica Paulo de Souza
- Instituto Nacional de Criminalística, Polícia Federal, SPO - Lote 7 - Setores Complementares - Brasília/DF, CEP 70.610-902, Brazil
| | - Luíza Nicolau Brandão Caldas
- Instituto Nacional de Criminalística, Polícia Federal, SPO - Lote 7 - Setores Complementares - Brasília/DF, CEP 70.610-902, Brazil
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Patnaik S, Kumar S, Panda AK. Thermal degradation of eco-friendly alternative plastics: kinetics and thermodynamics analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:14991-15000. [PMID: 32065367 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07919-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work reports the thermal degradation behaviour, kinetics and thermodynamics of two different eco-friendly plastics, viz. non-woven plastic and corn starch-based biodegradable plastics, which are commonly used nowadays as an alternative to synthetic plastics. In this context, thermogravimetric analysis of plastic waste samples was carried out at wide range of heating rates of 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 °C/min in nitrogen atmosphere, and activation energy is determined by first-order model-fitting method while thermodynamic parameters are determined on the basis of Eyring theory of activated complex. The regression coefficient obtained from kinetic study of thermal degradation of these plastics best fits to the first-order kinetic equation. The kinetics and thermodynamic parameters obtained for both the plastics are found very close to each other. So, this study would help design more effective conversion system for the recycling of both the wastes together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayan Patnaik
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Odisha, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Department of Energy Engineering and Centre of Excellence in Green & Efficient Energy Technology (CoE-GEET), Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835205, India
| | - Achyut K Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Veer Surendra Sai University of Technology, Burla, Odisha, India.
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Mittal A, Garg S, Bajpai S. Thermal decomposition kinetics and properties of grafted barley husk reinforced PVA/starch composite films for packaging applications. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 240:116225. [PMID: 32475546 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Thermal degradation kinetics was performed on thermogravimetric (TGA) curves of crosslinked PVA/starch composite films reinforced with barley husk (BH) and grafted BH (using lauric acid) obtained by heating samples in an inert atmosphere with different heating rates (5, 10, 15 and 20 °C/min). The activation energy for composite films was determined using Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Friedman (FR) and modified Coasts Redfern (CR) methods. The results showed that activation energy for thermal degradation of grafted BH composite film was higher than of BH. Incorporation of grafted BH into crosslinked PVA/starch matrix improved the mechanical performance of the films compared to BH and showed 30 % increase in tensile strength after reinforcement. Grafted BH composite films showed higher barrier properties for light, water vapor and oxygen as required for packaging applications. Biodegradability of the films improved significantly after incorporation of BH into the polymer matrix and showed 70 % degradation after 180 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aanchal Mittal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NIT Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India
| | - Sangeeta Garg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NIT Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India.
| | - Shailendra Bajpai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NIT Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India
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Pranil T, Moongngarm A, Loypimai P. Influence of pH, temperature, and light on the stability of melatonin in aqueous solutions and fruit juices. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03648. [PMID: 32258489 PMCID: PMC7109460 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to predict melatonin stability during food processing or storage is important. Therefore, the degradation of melatonin in both aqueous solutions and fruit juice samples was investigated. The pH values of aqueous solutions were set over a pH range from 1 to 13 and at four different temperatures (60, 70, 80 and 90 °C). The highest remaining melatonin (CR) was observed in the lowest pH solution (pH = 1, CR > 65%). Melatonin concentrations decreased with rising pH levels from pH 4 to 13 during storage time. The thermal degradation rate constant of melatonin (k) values obtained followed the order: k90°C (0.175) >k80°C (0.123) >k70°C (0.082) >k60°C (0.027). Thermal degradation kinetics followed the first-order reaction model with a high range of coefficients of determination (0.9744 < R2 < 0.995). The temperature also affected on melatonin degradation in fruit juices which the degradation rate was increased with the presence of light and high temperature. Our results can be used as guidelines to develop a processing method that predicts melatonin degradation during thermal processing of food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorung Pranil
- Research Unit of Nutrition for Life, Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Anuchita Moongngarm
- Research Unit of Nutrition for Life, Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, 44150, Thailand
| | - Patiwit Loypimai
- Division of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bansomdejchapraya Rajabhat University, Bangkok, 10600, Thailand
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