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Liu T, Asif IM, Liu L, Zhang M, Li B, Wang L. Laminarin ameliorates iodoacetamide-induced functional dyspepsia via modulation of 5-HT 3 receptors and the gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 268:131640. [PMID: 38636750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Visceral and somatic hypersensitivity is a common cause of functional dyspepsia. Marine bioactive components have been revealed to possess numerous valuable abilities. However, as a kind of polysaccharide extracted from brown algae, the study focused on the biological properties of laminarin is still limited, especially in gastrointestinal disorders. In our study, indicators associated with visceral sensational function and gastrointestinal microecology were determined to investigate the modulatory effects of laminarin on functional dyspepsia induced by iodoacetamide. Mice with visceral hypersensitivity were orally administrated with laminarin (50 and 100 mg per kg bw) for fourteen days. The results indicated that laminarin partly alleviated the dysfunction by regulating corticosterone secretion, the expression of 5HT3 receptors at both protein and mRNA levels, and mechanical transduction through the PIEZO2-EPAC1 axis. Furthermore, laminarin administration moderated the imbalanced gut microbial profile, including modulating the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Our findings revealed that laminarin may restore the overexpression of 5HT3 receptors, the abnormal mechanical transduction, and impaired gut microecology. In conclusion, we provide evidence to support the utilization of laminarin as the ingredient of complementary and alternative medicine of regulating visceral and somatic hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxu Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Ismail Muhammad Asif
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Lichong Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Minghui Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
| | - Ling Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
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Serra J, Aguilar A, Barba E, Ciriza de Los Ríos C, Garcia Pravia L, Martínez V, Serrano Falcón B. Asociación Española de Neurogastroenterología y Motilidad (ASENEM) updated review on the management of functional abdominal pain. Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024:S0210-5705(24)00145-6. [PMID: 38677507 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Functional abdominal pain is a disorder in which central and peripheral sensitization processes converge, leading to hypersensitivity and allodynia. Differential diagnosis is made with organic digestive, renal, gynecological, endocrine, or neurological diseases. Treatment should be individualized for each patient. In cases of debilitating pain, therapy combining drugs with different mechanisms of action can be initiated, while in less severe cases, therapy with a progressive introduction of drugs based on clinical response is advised. The first line includes general lifestyle advice and antispasmodic substances, like peppermint oil, anticholinergic/antimuscarinic, and calcium channels antagonists. In the second line of treatment, neuromodulating agents are added. Finally, when these measures fail, third-line treatments such as gabapentine and atypical antipsychotics are considered. Psychological interventions should be considered if specialized therapists are available to manage these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Serra
- Unidad de Motilidad Digestiva, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), España.
| | - Ariadna Aguilar
- Unidad de Motilidad Digestiva, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebrón, Barcelona, España; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), España
| | - Elizabeth Barba
- Unidad de Motilidad Digestiva, Departamento de Gastroenterología, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, España
| | - Constanza Ciriza de Los Ríos
- Servicio de Digestivo, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, España
| | - Laura Garcia Pravia
- Servicio de Digestivo, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Universidad Complutense, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, España
| | - Vicente Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), España; Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
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Liang R, Ge W, Song X, Wang H, Cui W, Zhang X, Wei Z, Li G. Paeoniflorin Alleviates Anxiety and Visceral Hypersensitivity via HPA Axis and BDNF/TrkB/PLCγ1 Pathway in Maternal Separation-induced IBS-like Rats. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2024; 17:CMP-EPUB-139197. [PMID: 38494933 DOI: 10.2174/0118761429280572240311060851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder that significantly diminishes the quality of life for affected individuals. The pathophysiology of IBS remains poorly understood, and available therapeutic options for IBS are limited. The crucial roles of brain-gut interaction, which is mediated by the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical (HPA) axis and the autonomic nervous system in IBS, have attracted increasing attention. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the impact of paeoniflorin (PF) on anxiety and visceral hypersensitivity in maternal separation-induced IBS-like rats. METHODS The IBS-like rat model was established through the implementation of Maternal Separation (MS) and subsequently subjected to various doses of PF administered via oral gavage for 14 days. Anxiety-like behavior was evaluated using the Open Field Test (OFT) and Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) test. The assessment of visceral sensitivity involved the utilization of the Abdominal Withdrawal Reflex (AWR) score and electromyographic (EMG) responses of the external oblique muscle in response to colorectal distention. The levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), corticosterone (CORT), and corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH) were examined by ELISA. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunofluorescence were employed to detect the expressions of CRH receptors 1 (CRHR1) and 2 (CRHR2). Glucocorticoid receptors (GR), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB), and phospholipase C γ1 (PLCγ1) were examined by Western blot. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results showed that MS induced anxiety-like behavior and visceral hypersensitivity, while PF treatment attenuated these changes. Furthermore, the HPA axis hyperactivity in MS rats was attenuated by PF treatment, indicated by reduced serum ACTH, CORT, and CRH levels and recovered hippocampal CRHR1 and GR expressions. In addition, PF inhibited BDNF/TrkB signaling by downregulating the protein levels of BDNF, TrkB, and phospho-PLCγ1 in the colon. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that PF alleviated anxiety and visceral hypersensitivity in MS-induced IBS-like rats, which may be the modulation of HPA axis activity and BDNF/TrkB/PLCγ1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Liang
- Institute of Chinese materia medica, Henan Integrative Medicine Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, Henan, China
| | - Wenjing Ge
- Institute of Chinese materia medica, Henan Integrative Medicine Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, Henan, China
| | - Xianmei Song
- Department of Immunology, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou 451191, Henan, China
| | - Huisen Wang
- Institute of Chinese materia medica, Henan Integrative Medicine Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, Henan, China
| | - Weifeng Cui
- Institute of Chinese materia medica, Henan Integrative Medicine Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, Henan, China
| | - Xuexia Zhang
- Institute of Chinese materia medica, Henan Integrative Medicine Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, Henan, China
| | - Zheng Wei
- Institute of Chinese materia medica, Henan Integrative Medicine Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, Henan, China
| | - Gengsheng Li
- Institute of Chinese materia medica, Henan Integrative Medicine Hospital, Zhengzhou 450004, Henan, China
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Li ZY, Mao YQ, Hua Q, Sun YH, Wang HY, Ye XG, Hu JX, Wang YJ, Jiang M. Serotonin receptor 2B induces visceral hyperalgesia in rat model and patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:1431-1449. [PMID: 38596485 PMCID: PMC11000090 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i10.1431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serotonin receptor 2B (5-HT2B receptor) plays a critical role in many chronic pain conditions. The possible involvement of the 5-HT2B receptor in the altered gut sensation of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) was investigated in the present study. AIM To investigate the possible involvement of 5-HT2B receptor in the altered gut sensation in rat model and patients with IBS-D. METHODS Rectosigmoid biopsies were collected from 18 patients with IBS-D and 10 patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation who fulfilled the Rome IV criteria and 15 healthy controls. The expression level of the 5-HT2B receptor in colon tissue was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and correlated with abdominal pain scores. The IBS-D rat model was induced by intracolonic instillation of acetic acid and wrap restraint. Alterations in visceral sensitivity and 5-HT2B receptor and transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) expression were examined following 5-HT2B receptor antagonist administration. Changes in visceral sensitivity after administration of the TRPV1 antagonist were recorded. RESULTS Here, we observed greater expression of the 5-HT2B receptor in the colonic mucosa of patients with IBS-D than in that of controls, which was correlated with abdominal pain scores. Intracolonic instillation of acetic acid and wrap restraint induced obvious chronic visceral hypersensitivity and increased fecal weight and fecal water content. Exogenous 5-HT2B receptor agonist administration increased visceral hypersensitivity, which was alleviated by successive administration of a TRPV1 antagonist. IBS-D rats receiving the 5-HT2B receptor antagonist exhibited inhibited visceral hyperalgesia.Moreover, the percentage of 5-HT2B receptor-immunoreactive (IR) cells surrounded by TRPV1-positive cells (5-HT2B receptor I+) and total 5-HT2B receptor IR cells (5-HT2B receptor IT) in IBS-D rats was significantly reduced by the administration of a 5-HT2B receptor antagonist. CONCLUSION Our finding that increased expression of the 5-HT2B receptor contributes to visceral hyperalgesia by inducing TRPV1 expression in IBS-D patients provides important insights into the potential mechanisms underlying IBS-D-associated visceral hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yu-Qing Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Qian Hua
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Yong-Hong Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dalian Friendship Hospital, Dalian 116001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Xuan-Guang Ye
- Department of Pathology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Jing-Xian Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Ya-Jie Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
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Chen W, Cheng B, Yu SG, Wu QF. Effects of moxibustion on visceral hypersensitivity and colonic inflammatory response in mice with chronic ulcerative colitis. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2024; 49:145-154. [PMID: 38413035 DOI: 10.13702/j.1000-0607.20221282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To observe the effects of moxibustion at "Zusanli" (ST36) on the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, TNF receptor 1 (TNF-R1), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38 MAPK), and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) in the colon tissue of mice with chronic ulcerative colitis (UC), so as to explore the underlying mechanisms of moxibustion in improving visceral hypersensitivity in chronic UC. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal group, normal with moxibustion (NM) group, model group, and model with moxibustion (MM) group, with 10 mice in each group. The chronic UC model was established by drinking 2.5% dextran sodium sulfate for 3 cycles. Mice in the NM and MM groups received moxibustion at ST36 for 20 min, 5 days per week with a 2-day break, for a total of 4 weeks. The disease activity index (DAI) score of each group was evaluated before and after treatment. The minimum volume threshold of abdominal wall retraction reflex (AWR) was measured to observe the intestinal sensitivity of mice. The colon length was measured. The pathological changes of colon tissue were observed by HE staining. The expression of mucin in colon goblet cells was detected by periodate Scheff staining. The intestinal fibrosis was observed by Masson staining. The number of trypsin-positive cells (i.e., mast cell) and the expression level of TNF-α in colon tissue were detected by immunofluorescence staining. The expression levels of TNF-R1, P38 MAPK and TRPV1 in colon tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Compared with the normal group after treatment, the model group showed increased DAI score (P<0.001), decreased AWR minimum volume threshold (P<0.01), shortened colon length (P<0.001), significant inflammatory infiltration in the colon tissue, reduced mucin secretion (P<0.01), increased collagen fiber deposition (P<0.001), and elevated expression levels of TNF-α, TNF-R1, P38 MAPK, and TRPV1 (P<0.001, P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the MM group showed decreased DAI score (P<0.01), increased AWR minimum volume threshold (P<0.001), elongated colon length (P<0.001), reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, improved integrity of mucosal glandular structure, enhanced mucin secretion (P<0.01), decreased collagen fiber deposition (P<0.001), decreased number of mast cells in the colon tissue (P<0.001), and decreased expression levels of TNF-α, TNF-R1, P38 MAPK, and TRPV1 (P<0.001, P<0.01, P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the above index between the NM group and the normal group. CONCLUSIONS Moxibustion can reduce visceral hypersensitivity, alleviate inflammatory infiltration and fibrotic damage in the colon tissue of mice with chronic UC. These effects may be associated with the down-regulation of TNF-α, TNF-R1, P38 MAPK, and TRPV1 expression in colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Shu-Guang Yu
- College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Qiao-Feng Wu
- College of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
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Xia Y, Peng S, Lin M, Duan H, Yuan F, Shao M, Tan W, Luo H. Apigenin attenuates visceral hypersensitivity in water avoidance stress rats by modulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis and inhibiting mast cell activation. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115562. [PMID: 37801900 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral hypersensitivity (VH) and gut microbiota dysbiosis significantly contribute to the occurrence and development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), exacerbated by stress. Apigenin, a natural flavonoid derived from plants, possesses a range of beneficial properties. However, additional research is necessary to investigate its potential in alleviating symptoms of IBS and elucidating its underlying mechanisms of action. Our study confirms that apigenin effectively reverses mast cell and microglial activation, regulates the composition and abundance of the gut microbiota, improves intestinal barrier function in rats induced with water-avoidance stress, and mitigates VH and colonic hypermotility. Furthermore, in vitro studies suggest a potential role of dysbiotic gut microbiota in activating mast cells at the cellular level. Notably, apigenin inhibits mast cell degranulation through the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) / myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) / nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. In conclusion, this study discusses the potential therapeutic effects of apigenin in alleviating VH and modulating the gut-brain axis in water-avoidance stress rats, providing a novel or alternative treatment approach for IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shuai Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Mengjuan Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Houyu Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Fangting Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ming Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Hesheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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Schulz A, Welsch SK, Etringer S, Hansen G, Milbert L, Schneider J, Taddei G, Gomez Bravo R, Lygidakis C, van Dyck Z, Lutz A, Wilmes P, Vögele C. Lower gastric sensitivity in quiescent inflammatory bowel disease than in irritable bowel syndrome. Physiol Behav 2023; 270:114293. [PMID: 37468056 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Visceral hypersensitivity is considered a key symptom in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), both of which seriously affect health-related quality of life (HrQoL). Previous findings are mostly based on invasive procedures that may interfere with the assessment of visceral perception. The current study, therefore, investigates whether IBD and IBS are characterized by altered perception of 'natural' gastric distensions ('interoception'). METHODS Twenty IBD patients in remission (13 Crohn's disease, 7 ulcerative colitis), 12 IBS patients, and 20/12 matched healthy control (HC) individuals, respectively, underwent the water load test, in which they could drink ad libitum until the subjective thresholds of satiation (stage 1) and fullness (stage 2) were reached. Gastric motility was assessed using electrogastrography. RESULTS IBD patients drank significantly more water until satiation than IBS patients, whereas no differences between patients and HC groups were observed. Electrogastrographic patterns were comparable between groups, suggesting no pathologies in gastric motility in IBD or IBS. The amount of water consumed until satiation negatively correlated with HrQoL related to bowel symptoms in IBD patients, but was positively associated with emotional well-being in IBS patients. CONCLUSION Our findings implicate relative gastric hypersensitivity in IBS, and relative hyposensitivity in IBD patients, which are both related to specific HrQoL aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Schulz
- Clinical Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Institute for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, Trier University, Trier, Germany.
| | - Sina-Katharina Welsch
- Clinical Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sarah Etringer
- Clinical Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Greta Hansen
- Clinical Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Léa Milbert
- Clinical Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jochen Schneider
- Saarland University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine II, Homburg/Saar, Germany; Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Department of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Emile Mayrisch, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Gennaro Taddei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Centre Hospitalier Emile Mayrisch, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Raquel Gomez Bravo
- Clinical Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Charilaos Lygidakis
- Clinical Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Zoé van Dyck
- Clinical Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Annika Lutz
- Clinical Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Paul Wilmes
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Claus Vögele
- Clinical Psychophysiology Laboratory, Department of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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Yoshida K, Abe T, Kanbara K, Ueda K, Saka-Kouchi Y, Hasuo H. Patients with postprandial distress syndrome experience problems with their interoceptive perceptual function to the gastric region, but their heartbeat perception is normal: a case control study. Biopsychosoc Med 2023; 17:35. [PMID: 37807053 PMCID: PMC10560408 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-023-00290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral hypersensitivity in functional dyspepsia can be localized or widespread, and there is no simple method of assessment. Measuring interoceptive accuracy at different sites provides an assessment of perceptual hypersensitivity to specific ecological phenomena. The purpose of this study was to characterize visceral hypersensitivity by comparing gastric sensory and cardiac perceptual tests in patients with postprandial distress syndrome and in healthy volunteers. METHODS Sixteen patients with postprandial distress syndrome (age = 47.5 ± 17.4, all female) and 16 healthy volunteers (age = 43.3 ± 16.1, all female) participated in the study after a six-hour fast. Each participant answered questionnaires about physical and mental quality of life, depression and anxiety, tendency of alexithymia, and somatosensory amplification. After completing the questionnaire, the participants took the heartbeat tracking task and the five-minute water load test. We performed statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS Subjects with postprandial distress syndrome had a lower drinking capacity than healthy volunteers (postprandial distress syndrome = 360.9 ± 170.0 mL, healthy volunteers = 644.1 ± 297 mL, P = 0.009), but there was no significant difference in the heartbeat perception score (postprandial distress syndrome = 0.599 ± 0.175, healthy volunteers = 0.623 ± 0.181, P = 0.647). There was a negative correlation (r = - 0.509, P < 0.05) between drinking capacity and the heartbeat perception score in healthy volunteers, but no correlation in postprandial distress syndrome (r = - 0.156, P = 0.564). Heartbeat perception score did not correlate with psychological measures. CONCLUSIONS Compared with healthy volunteers, only the five-minute water load test values were reduced in patients with postprandial distress syndrome, and no difference was observed in the heartbeat tracking task. Combining the 5-minute water load test and the heart rate tracking task revealed a lost cardiac-gastric perceptual relationship in patients with postprandial distress syndrome that was not observed in healthy volunteers, suggesting that there is hypersensitivity in gastric interoceptive perceptual function. Performing sensory examinations at two different sites may be useful in clarifying whether visceral hypersensitivity is localized. TRIAL REGISTRATION UMIN000057586. Registered11 March 2023(retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Yoshida
- Department of Psychosomatic and General Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1-505 Shinmachi, Hirakata, 573-1010, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Tetsuya Abe
- Department of Psychosomatic and General Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1-505 Shinmachi, Hirakata, 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Kanbara
- Department of Psychosomatic and General Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1-505 Shinmachi, Hirakata, 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
- Psychosomatic Medicine, Department of Clinical Psychology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Kento Ueda
- Department of Psychosomatic and General Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1-505 Shinmachi, Hirakata, 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukie Saka-Kouchi
- Department of Psychosomatic and General Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1-505 Shinmachi, Hirakata, 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hasuo
- Department of Psychosomatic and General Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1-505 Shinmachi, Hirakata, 573-1010, Osaka, Japan
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Lin W, Wu D, Zeng Y, Liu Y, Yu D, Wei J, Cai Y, Lin Y, Wu B, Huang H. Characteristics of gut microbiota in male periadolescent rats with irritable bowel syndrome. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18995. [PMID: 37609414 PMCID: PMC10440515 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorder, however, its effect on gut microbiota during the periadolescent period remains unclear. In this study, our objective was to investigate the characteristics of gut microbiota in male periadolescent rats with IBS induced by neonatal maternal separation (NMS). We evaluated visceral sensitivity by electromyography (EMG), analyzed gut microbiota composition using 16S rDNA gene sequencing, and examined intestinal pathological changes between control and IBS-like groups. The IBS-like group had significantly higher discharge amplitude of the external oblique muscle of the abdomen during colorectal distension (CRD) at 40- and 60 mmHg pressures. We observed differences in gut microbiota composition, with an increase in Bacteroidetes abundance and a decrease in Firmicutes in IBS-like rats. Beta-diversity analysis revealed the gut microbiota of the IBS-like group displayed higher consistent, while that of the control group exhibited substantial variation. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) detected 10 bacterial taxonomic clades showing statistically significant differences (7 increased and 3 decreased) in the IBS-like group. Functional analysis revealed that aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and fatty acid biosynthesis were significantly altered, leading to changes in gene expression. Our findings demonstrate a definite correlation between gut microbiota dysbiosis and IBS during the male periadolescent period, with Alloprevotella and Bacteroide positively associated with high risk of IBS. The effects of specific bacterial genera may provide new insights for the development of treatments for IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dongxiao Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yongbin Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gene Diagnosis Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Cancer Research Center Nantong, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, China
| | - Dajie Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianhang Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanliang Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yueli Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Wu K, Liu YY, Shao S, Song W, Chen XH, Dong YT, Zhang YM. The microglial innate immune receptors TREM-1 and TREM-2 in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) drive visceral hypersensitivity and depressive-like behaviors following DSS-induced colitis. Brain Behav Immun 2023:S0889-1591(23)00141-1. [PMID: 37286175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition with a high recurrence rate. To date, the clinical treatment of IBD mainly focuses on inflammation and gastrointestinal symptoms while ignoring the accompanying visceral pain, anxiety, depression, and other emotional symptoms. Evidence is accumulating that bi-directional communication between the gut and the brain is indispensable in the pathophysiology of IBD and its comorbidities. Increasing efforts have been focused on elucidating the central immune mechanisms in visceral hypersensitivity and depression following colitis. The triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells-1/2 (TREM-1/2) are newly identified receptors that can be expressed on microglia. In particular, TREM-1 acts as an immune and inflammatory response amplifier, while TREM-2 may function as a molecule with a putative antagonist role to TREM-1. In the present study, using the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model, we found that peripheral inflammation induced microglial and glutamatergic neuronal activation in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Microglial ablation mitigated visceral hypersensitivity in the inflammation phase rather than in the remission phase, subsequently preventing the emergence of depressive-like behaviors in the remission phase. Moreover, a further mechanistic study revealed that overexpression of TREM-1 and TREM-2 remarkably aggravated DSS-induced neuropathology. The improved outcome was achieved by modifying the balance of TREM-1 and TREM-2 via genetic and pharmacological means. Specifically, a deficiency of TREM-1 attenuated visceral hyperpathia in the inflammatory phase, and a TREM-2 deficiency improved depression-like symptoms in the remission phase. Taken together, our findings provide insights into mechanism-based therapy for inflammatory disorders and establish that microglial innate immune receptors TREM-1 and TREM-2 may represent a therapeutic target for the treatment of pain and psychological comorbidities associated with chronic inflammatory diseases by modulating neuroinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yue-Ying Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei Song
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xing-Han Chen
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ting Dong
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yong-Mei Zhang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Narcotic and Psychotropic Drugs, Xuzhou, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
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Xu Y, Yao R, Zhao W, Zhu J, Yao J, Zhang G, Liu D. Spirocyclopiperazinium salt compound DXL-A-24 improves visceral sensation and gut microbiota in a rat model of irritable bowel syndrome. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16544. [PMID: 37303540 PMCID: PMC10250758 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by visceral pain, impaired intestinal barrier and a disorder of the microbiota. DXL-A-24 has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting neuropeptides and inflammatory factors. In this study, we used chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) induced IBS model, to assess the action of DXL-A-24 on visceral hypersensitivity, barrier function and microbiota. Visceral sensation was assessed by colorectal distension in a model of IBS. The expressions of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot, the contents of diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactic acid were detected by ELISA, and 16S rRNA to detect the diversity of gut microbiota. CUMS reduced visceral pain threshold and increased colonic permeability of rats. DXL-A-24 for 28 days inhibited these changes. DXL-A-24 also decreased the expression of SP, CGRP in colon and D-LA, DAO in serum. Besides, DXL-A-24 increased the richness and diversity of intestinal microbiota. In conclusions, DXL-A-24 reduced visceral sensitivity, improved intestinal barrier and regulated gut microbiota in rats with IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dongguang Liu
- Corresponding author. Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation, Linyi, 276000, Shandong, China.
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Yang Q, Zhao Y, Zhao X, Sun S, Chen Y, Chen J, Zou D, Zhang L. Exploring the potential targets of Biling Weitong Granules on visceral hypersensitivity through integration of network pharmacology and in vivo analysis. J Ethnopharmacol 2023:116701. [PMID: 37257703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Biling Weitong Granules(BLWTG) are a newly developed traditional Chinese medicine prescription based on the ancient prescription Jinlingzi San and Zuojin Wan. It is used for the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) featured as visceral hypersensitivity(VH). However, its active ingredients and protein targets involved still remain unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the potential targets of BLWTG for the treatment of visceral hypersensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Active components and their protein targets of BLWTG were screened from TCMSP database and the component-target network were constructed with Cytoscape software. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was the representative disease in this study and information on its linked pathways was obtained from NCBI, Drugbank and Genecard. Target pathways of BLWTG were analyzed through KEGG to verify the correlation with IBS related pathways.Then, the VH mouse models was induced by maternal separation(MS), randomly divided into normal saline(NS),BLWTG1(low-dosage) and BLWTG2(high-dosage) group. After intervention, threshold intensity of colorectal distension (CRD) and body weight were measured to evaluate relief of IBS symptoms. Elisa was performed to evaluate 5-HT concentration changes of colon tissues. Flow cytometry was performed to assess changes of colon eosinophils and mast cells proportion. Transcriptome sequencing was employed to analyze changes of pathways and differential genes. RESULTS 199 protein targets and 132 active components of BLWTG were identified. KEGG analysis revealed the overlap between BLWTG target pathways and IBS related pathways such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, tryptophan metabolism and inflammatory reaction. 34 genes were not only BLWTG target proteins but also recognized targets for treating IBS. After maternal separation(MS), the mice showed a significant decrease in threshold intensity of CRD, a progressive decrease in body weight and an increase of 5-HT concentration of colon tissue. The proportion of mast cells and eosinophils in the colon increased. Differential genes including Hp,Ido1 and Aqp7 were significantly increased in MS mice group and IBS-related pathways were upregulated. After treatment of BLWTG, threshold intensity of CRD and body weight were significantly improved and IBS related pathways were downregulated. In addition, among BLWTG protein targets, Il1b,Tnf,Adrb1 and Nos2 were found upregulated in MS + NS mice and downregulated after BLWTG intervention through combination of transcriptome sequencing. CONCLUSIONS In maternal separation-induced mouse models, BLWTG could alleviate visceral hypersensitivity, possibly through downregulation of 5-HT concentration and eosinophils and mast cells proportion in colon and critical pathways such as neuroactive ligand-receptor pathway. Potential targets of BLWTG including Il1b,Tnf,Adrb1 and Nos2 were found through integration of network pharmacology database and transcriptome sequencing, providing evidence for further study on mechanisms underlying visceral hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qidi Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Yizhou Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Xiangyu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Sishen Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Yifei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Jiayin Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Duowu Zou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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Tominaga K, Fujikawa Y. Tryptase activates enteric glial cells followed by affecting neuronal properties possibly via the stimuli-associated mediators. J Pharmacol Sci 2023; 151:163-70. [PMID: 36925214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mast cell-derived tryptase causes neuronal elongation/sensitization leading to visceral hypersensitivity. However, effects of tryptase on enteric glial cells (EGCs) and subsequent interaction between EGCs and neurons remain unknown. METHODS We evaluated proteins and mRNA expressions in EGC (CRL-2690, ATCC) after tryptase stimulation: nerve growth factor (NGF), netrin-1, and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). We examined morphological changes in neurons (PC12 cells, CRL-1721.1) by co-incubation with the conditioned medium of EGCs after tryptase stimulation. RESULTS EGC was activated by tryptase, and proliferated (by 1.8-fold) with cytoplasmic expansion and process elongation. Intercellular connections of EGC were more complexed. Tryptase induced mRNA expression (2.5-fold) and protein expression of NGF. Netrin-1 (3-fold) and GDNF (3-fold) mRNA expressions were increased at 30 min. Increase in netrin-1 continued until 6 h, whereas the latter decreased by 3 h. The conditioned medium of EGC after tryptase stimulation expanded neuronal cytoplasm (round or ramified shapes) and neurite outgrowth with elongation of cytoskeletal filaments in time-dependent and dose-dependent manners. These changes were similar to those after NGF stimulation. Growth cone proteins of neurons were also increased by the conditioned medium. CONCLUSION EGC activated by tryptase changes neuronal morphology (process elongation and cytoplasm expansion) possibly via the stimuli-associated mediators.
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14
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Sun Y, Liu X, Wang L, Li L, Quan X, Shi H, Wang T, Mei L, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Li J, Meng R, Wang J, Dai F. Losartan attenuates acetic acid enema-induced visceral hypersensitivity by inhibiting the ACE1/Ang II/AT1 receptor axis in enteric glial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 946:175650. [PMID: 36907262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Enteric glial cells (EGCs) play an important role in visceral hypersensitivity associated with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Losartan (Los) is known to reduce pain; however, its function in IBS is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate Los's therapeutic effect on visceral hypersensitivity in IBS rats. Thirty rats were randomly divided into control, acetic acid enema (AA), AA + Los low, medium and high dose groups in vivo. EGCs were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Los in vitro. The molecular mechanisms were explored by assessing the expression of EGC activation markers, pain mediators, inflammatory factors and angiotensin-converting enzyme 1(ACE1)/angiotensin II (Ang II)/Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor axis molecules in colon tissue and EGCs. The results showed that the rats in the AA group showed significantly higher visceral hypersensitivity than the control rats, which was alleviated by different doses of Los. The expression of GFAP, S100β, substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) was considerably increased in colonic tissues of AA group rats and LPS-treated EGCs compared with control rats and EGCs, and reduced by Los. In addition, Los reversed ACE1/Ang II/AT1 receptor axis upregulation in AA colon tissues and LPS-treated EGCs. These results show that Los inhibits ACE1/Ang II/AT1 receptor axis upregulation by suppressing EGC activation, resulting in reduced expression of pain mediators and inflammatory factors, thereby alleviating visceral hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Lianli Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Laifu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Xiaojing Quan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Haitao Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Lin Mei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yindi Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an People's Hospital, Xi'an, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Jingyao Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Ruiting Meng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Jinhai Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Fei Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affifiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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Chen Z, Liu Y, Wu X, Lin W, Liu Z, Huang Y, Chen Y, Tang Y, Chen A, Lin C. Spinal CircKcnk9 Regulates Chronic Visceral Hypersensitivity of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. J Pain 2023; 24:463-477. [PMID: 36257575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has been reported to be functionally associated with chronic pain, but it is unknown whether and how circRNAs participate in visceral hypersensitivity. The expression of circKcnk9 was increased in spinal neurons of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like rats. ShcircKcnk9 attenuated visceral hypersensitivity and inhibited c-Fos expression in IBS-like rats, whereas overexpression of spinal circKcnk9 induced visceral hypersensitivity and increased c-Fos expression in control rats. Furthermore, circKcnk9 was found to act as a miR-124-3p sponge. MiR-124-3p antagomir restored pain responses downregulated by shcircKcnk9 in IBS-like rats. Finally, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), validated as a target of miR-124-3p, could play a critical role in visceral hypersensitivity by regulating NSF/GluR2. PERSPECTIVE: Spinal circKcnk9 functions as a miR-124-3p sponge to promote visceral hypersensitivity by regulating the STAT3/NSF/GluR2 pathway. This pathway might provide a novel epigenetic mechanism of visceral hypersensitivity and a potential circRNA therapeutic target for IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Chen
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xianhe Wu
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zihan Liu
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Aiqin Chen
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chun Lin
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.; Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China..
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16
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Weng ZJ, Hu SX, Zhang F, Zhang ZY, Zhou Y, Zhao M, Huang Y, Xin YH, Wu HG, Liu HR. Spinal cord astrocyte P2X7Rs mediate the inhibitory effect of electroacupuncture on visceral hypersensitivity of rat with irritable bowel syndrome. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:43-53. [PMID: 35389158 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09830-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the role of P2X7 receptors in spinal cord astrocytes in the electroacupuncture-induced inhibition of visceral hypersensitivity (VH) in rats with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Visceral hypersensitivity of IBS was intracolonically induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Visceromotor responses to colorectal distension (CRD-20,40,60,80 mmHg) and abdominal withdrawal reflex scoring (AWRs) were recorded after electroacupuncture at bilateral Zusanli (ST36) and Sanyinjiao (SP6) acupoints to evaluate the analgesic effect of electroacupuncture on visceral pain in rats with IBS. Fluorocitric acid (FCA), an astrocyte activity inhibitor, was injected intrathecally before electroacupuncture intervention and AWRs were recorded. Western blot and real-time qPCR were used to detect the expression of NMDA and P2X7 receptor to observe the regulation effect of electroacupuncture on NMDA receptor in the spinal cord of rats with visceral hypersensitivity. Intrathecal injection of P2X7 agonist or antagonist was administered before electroacupuncture treatment. To observe the effect of P2X7 receptor in spinal astrocytes on the inhibition of visceral hyperalgesia by electroacupuncture, the changes of AWR score, NMDA receptor in the spinal cord, and GFAP expression in astrocytes were detected. Inflammation of the colon had basically subsided at day 21 post-TNBS; persistent visceral hypersensitivity could be suppressed by electroacupuncture. This analgesic effect could be inhibited by FCA. The analgesic effect, downregulation of NMDA receptor NR1 subunit, and P2X7 protein of electroacupuncture were all reversed by FCA. P2X7 receptor antagonist A740003 can cooperate with EA to carry out analgesic effect in rats with visceral pain and downregulate the expression of NR1, NR2B, and GFAP in spinal dorsal horn. However, the P2X7 receptor agonist BzATP could partially reverse the analgesic effect of EA, inhibiting the downregulatory effect of EA on the expression of NR1, NR2B, and GFAP. These results indicate that EA may downregulate the expression of the NMDA receptor by inhibiting the P2X7 receptor in the spinal cord, thereby inhibiting spinal cord sensitization in IBS rats with visceral pain, in which astrocytes are an important medium.
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Sarnoff RP, Bhatt RR, Osadchiy V, Dong T, Labus JS, Kilpatrick LA, Chen Z, Subramanyam V, Zhang Y, Ellingson BM, Naliboff B, Chang L, Mayer EA, Gupta A. A multi-omic brain gut microbiome signature differs between IBS subjects with different bowel habits. Neuropharmacology 2023; 225:109381. [PMID: 36539012 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alterations of the brain-gut-microbiome system (BGM) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), yet bowel habit-specific alterations have not been elucidated. In this cross-sectional study, we apply a systems biology approach to characterize BGM patterns related to predominant bowel habit. Fecal samples and resting state fMRI were obtained from 102 premenopausal women (36 constipation-predominant IBS (IBS-C), 27 diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D), 39 healthy controls (HCs)). Data integration analysis using latent components (DIABLO) was used to integrate data from the phenome, microbiome, metabolome, and resting-state connectome to predict HCs vs IBS-C vs IBS-D. Bloating and visceral sensitivity, distinguishing IBS from HC, were negatively associated with beneficial microbes and connectivity involving the orbitofrontal cortex. This suggests that gut interactions may generate aberrant central autonomic and descending pain pathways in IBS. The connection between IBS symptom duration, key microbes, and caudate connectivity may provide mechanistic insight to the chronicity of pain in IBS. Compared to IBS-C and HCs, IBS-D had higher levels of many key metabolites including tryptophan and phenylalanine, and increased connectivity between the sensorimotor and default mode networks; thus, suggestingan influence on diarrhea, self-related thoughts, and pain perception in IBS-D ('bottom-up' mechanism). IBS-C's microbiome and metabolome resembled HCs, but IBS-C had increased connectivity in the default mode and salience networks compared to IBS-D, which may indicate importance of visceral signals, suggesting a more 'top-down' BGM pathophysiology. These BGM characteristics highlight possible mechanistic differences for variations in the IBS bowel habit phenome. This article is part of the Special Issue on 'Microbiome & the Brain: Mechanisms & Maladies'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel P Sarnoff
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Ravi R Bhatt
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, USA; Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, USA
| | - Vadim Osadchiy
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, USA; Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Tien Dong
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, USA; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, USA; UCLA Microbiome Center, USA; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Labus
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, USA; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, USA
| | - Lisa A Kilpatrick
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, USA; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, USA
| | - Zixi Chen
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, USA
| | | | - Yurui Zhang
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, USA
| | - Benjamin M Ellingson
- Departments of Radiological Sciences, Psychiatry, and Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Naliboff
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, USA; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, USA
| | - Lin Chang
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, USA; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, USA
| | - Emeran A Mayer
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, USA; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, USA; UCLA Microbiome Center, USA.
| | - Arpana Gupta
- G. Oppenheimer Family Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, USA; Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, USA; UCLA Microbiome Center, USA.
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Tang Y, Chen L, Liu B, Sun P, Chen Z, Huang Y, Ai-Qin C, Chen Y, Lin C. Spinal P2X4 Receptors Involved in Visceral Hypersensitivity of Neonatal Maternal Separation Rats. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:113-22. [PMID: 35648361 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09868-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the vital role of P2X4 receptors (a family of ATP-gated non-selective cation channels) in the transmission of neuropathic and inflammatory pain. In this study, we investigated the role of spinal P2X4 receptors in chronic functional visceral hypersensitivity of neonatal maternal separation (NMS) rats. A rat model of irritable bowel syndrome was established by neonatal maternal separation. Visceral sensitivity was assessed by recording the response of the external oblique abdominal muscle to colorectal distension. P2X4 receptor antagonist and agonist were administrated intrathecally. The expression of P2X4 receptor was examined by Western Blot and immunofluorescence. The effect of P2X4 receptor antagonist on expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was assessed by Western Blot. We found neonatal maternal separation enhanced visceral hypersensitivity and increased the expression of P2X4 receptor in spinal thoracolumbar and lumbosacral segments of rats. Pharmacological results showed that visceral sensitivity was attenuated after intrathecal injection of P2X4 receptor antagonist, 5-BDBD, at doses of 10 nM or 100 nM, while visceral sensitivity was enhanced after intrathecal injection of P2X4 receptor agonist C5-TDS at doses of 10 μM or 15 μM. In addition, the spinal expression of BDNF significantly increased in NMS rats and intrathecal injection of 5-BDBD significantly decreased the expression of BDNF especially in NMS rats. C5-TDS failed to increase EMG amplitude in the presence of ANA-12 in control rats. Our results suggested the spinal P2X4 receptors played an important role in visceral hypersensitivity of NMS rats through BDNF.
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Hasegawa R, Saito-Nakaya K, Gu L, Kanazawa M, Fukudo S. Maternal separation and TNBS-induced gut inflammation synergistically alter the sexually differentiated stress response in rats. Biopsychosoc Med 2023; 17:7. [PMID: 36841797 PMCID: PMC9960214 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-022-00258-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal maternal separation (MS) has been used to model long-lasting changes in behavior caused by neuroplastic changes associated with exposure to early-life stress. Earlier studies showed that transient gut inflammation can influence the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). A prevailing paradigm of the etiology of IBS is that transient noxious events lead to long-lasting sensitization of the neural pain circuit, despite complete resolution of the initiating event. This study characterizes the changes in behaviors and neuroendocrine parameters after MS and early-phase trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis. We tested the hypothesis that MS and gut inflammation synergistically induce (1) hyperactivity in male rats and anxiety-like behaviors in female rats and (2) activation of the HPA axis in female rats and deactivation of the HPA axis in male rats after colorectal distention (CRD). METHODS Male and female rat pups were separated from their dams for 180 min daily from postnatal day (PND) 2 to PND 14 (MS). Early-phase colitis was induced by colorectal administration with TNBS on PND 8. The elevated plus-maze test was performed at 7 weeks. Tonic CRD was performed at 60 mmHg for 15 min at 8 weeks. Plasma ACTH and serum corticosterone were measured at baseline or after the CRD. Analysis of variance was performed for comparison among controls, TNBS, MS, and MS + TNBS. RESULTS In male rats, the time spent in open arms significantly differed among the groups (p < 0.005). The time spent in open arms in male MS + TNBS rats was significantly higher than that of controls (p < 0.009) or TNBS rats (p < 0.031, post hoc test). Female rats showed no difference in the time spent in open arms among the groups. MS and gut inflammation induced an increase in plasma ACTH in female rats but not in male rats at baseline. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that MS and gut inflammation synergistically induce hyperactive behavior or exaggerated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function depending on sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Hasegawa
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Kumi Saito-Nakaya
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai 980-8575 Japan ,grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Li Gu
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai 980-8575 Japan ,grid.410560.60000 0004 1760 3078Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Management, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Motoyori Kanazawa
- grid.69566.3a0000 0001 2248 6943Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai 980-8575 Japan
| | - Shin Fukudo
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo, Aoba, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
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Matsumoto K, Sugimoto F, Mizuno T, Hayashi T, Okamura R, Nishioka T, Yasuda H, Horie S, Kido MA, Kato S. Immunohistochemical characterization of transient receptor potential vanilloid types 2 and 1 in a trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced rat colitis model with visceral hypersensitivity. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 391:287-303. [PMID: 36513829 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03723-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 2 (TRPV2) and type 1 (TRPV1) are originally identified as heat-sensitive TRP channels. We compared the expression patterns of TRPV2 and TRPV1 in the rat distal colon and extrinsic primary afferent neurons, and investigated their roles in visceral hypersensitivity in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis rats. Both TRPV2 and TRPV1 expressions in the colon, dorsal root ganglion (DRG), and nodose ganglion (NG) were significantly upregulated in the TNBS-induced colitis model. TRPV2 cell bodies co-localized with the intrinsic primary afferent marker NeuN and the inhibitory motor neuronal marker nNOS in the myenteric plexus. TRPV2 expressions were further detected in the resident macrophage marker ED2 in the mucosa. In contrast, no TRPV1-expressing cell bodies were detected in the myenteric plexus. Both TRPV2- and TRPV1-positive cell bodies in the DRG and NG were double-labeled with the neuronal retrograde tracer fluorescent fluorogold. Large- and medium-sized TRPV2-positive neurons were labeled with the A-fiber marker NF200, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and substance P (SP) in the DRG while small-sized TRPV1-positive neurons were labeled with the C-fiber markers IB4, CGRP, and SP. TRPV2- and TRPV1-positive NG neurons were labeled with NF200 and IB4. TNBS treatment increased p-ERK1/2-positive cells in TRPV2 and TRPV1 neurons but did not affect the TRPV2 and TRPV1 subpopulations in the DRG and NG. Both TRPV2 and TRPV1 antagonists significantly alleviated visceral hypersensitivity in TNBS-induced colitis model rats. These findings suggest that intrinsic/extrinsic TRPV2- and extrinsic TRPV1-neurons contribute to visceral hypersensitivity in an experimental colitis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Matsumoto
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Kyoto, Yamashina, 607-8414, Japan.
| | - Fumika Sugimoto
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Kyoto, Yamashina, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Toshiki Mizuno
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Kyoto, Yamashina, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Taisei Hayashi
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Kyoto, Yamashina, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Ririka Okamura
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Kyoto, Yamashina, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Takuya Nishioka
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Kyoto, Yamashina, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yasuda
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Kyoto, Yamashina, 607-8414, Japan
| | - Syunji Horie
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Josai International University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mizuho A Kido
- Division of Histology and Neuroanatomy, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kato
- Division of Pathological Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Misasagi, Kyoto, Yamashina, 607-8414, Japan
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21
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Atmani K, Wuestenberghs F, Baron M, Bouleté I, Guérin C, Bahlouli W, Vaudry D, do Rego JC, Cornu JN, Leroi AM, Coëffier M, Meleine M, Gourcerol G. Bladder-colon chronic cross-sensitization involves neuro-glial pathways in male mice. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:6935-6949. [PMID: 36632316 PMCID: PMC9827584 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i48.6935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome and bladder pain syndrome often overlap and are both characterized by visceral hypersensitivity. Since pelvic organs share common sensory pathways, it is likely that those syndromes involve a cross-sensitization of the bladder and the colon. The precise pathophysiology remains poorly understood.
AIM To develop a model of chronic bladder-colon cross-sensitization and to investigate the mech-anisms involved.
METHODS Chronic cross-organ visceral sensitization was obtained in C57BL/6 mice using ultrasound-guided intravesical injections of acetic acid under brief isoflurane anesthesia. Colorectal sensitivity was assessed in conscious mice by measuring intracolonic pressure during isobaric colorectal distensions. Myeloperoxidase, used as a marker of colorectal inflammation, was measured in the colon, and colorectal permeability was measured using chambers. c-Fos protein expression, used as a marker of neuronal activation, was assessed in the spinal cord (L6-S1 level) using immunohistochemistry. Green fluorescent protein on the fractalkine receptor-positive mice were used to identify and count microglia cells in the L6-S1 dorsal horn of the spinal cord. The expression of NK1 receptors and MAPK-p38 were quantified in the spinal cord using western blot.
RESULTS Visceral hypersensitivity to colorectal distension was observed after the intravesical injection of acetic acid vs saline (P < 0.0001). This effect started 1 h post-injection and lasted up to 7 d post-injection. No increased permeability or inflammation was shown in the bladder or colon 7 d post-injection. Visceral hypersensitivity was associated with the increased expression of c-Fos protein in the spinal cord (P < 0.0001). In green fluorescent protein on the fractalkine receptor-positive mice, intravesical acetic acid injection resulted in an increased number of microglia cells in the L6-S1 dorsal horn of the spinal cord (P < 0.0001). NK1 receptor and MAPK-p38 levels were increased in the spinal cord up to 7 d after injection (P = 0.007 and 0.023 respectively). Colorectal sensitization was prevented by intrathecal or intracerebroventricular injections of minocycline, a microglia inhibitor, by intracerebroventricular injection of CP-99994 dihydrochloride, a NK1 antagonist, and by intracerebroventricular injection of SB203580, a MAPK-p38 inhibitor.
CONCLUSION We describe a new model of cross-organ visceral sensitization between the bladder and the colon in mice. Intravesical injections of acetic acid induced a long-lasting colorectal hypersensitivity to distension, mediated by neuroglial interactions, MAPK-p38 phosphorylation and the NK1 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Atmani
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Unit (Inserm U1073), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen 76000, France
| | - Fabien Wuestenberghs
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Unit (Inserm U1073), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen 76000, France
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Université Catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur, Yvoir 5530, Belgium
- Department of Physiology, CHU Rouen, Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen 76031, France
| | - Maximilien Baron
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Unit (Inserm U1073), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen 76000, France
- Department of Urology, CHU Rouen, Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen 76000, France
| | - Illona Bouleté
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Unit (Inserm U1073), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen 76000, France
| | - Charlène Guérin
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Unit (Inserm U1073), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen 76000, France
| | - Wafa Bahlouli
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Unit (Inserm U1073), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen 76000, France
| | - David Vaudry
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Unit (Inserm U1073), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen 76000, France
- Inserm, UMR 1245, Team Epigenetics and Pathophysiology of Neuro-developmental Disorders, Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen 76000, France
| | - Jean Claude do Rego
- Behavioural Analysis Platform (SCAC), HeRacLeS Inserm US51-CNRS UAR2026, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen 76000, France
| | - Jean-Nicolas Cornu
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Unit (Inserm U1073), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen 76000, France
- Department of Urology, CHU Rouen, Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen 76000, France
| | - Anne-Marie Leroi
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Unit (Inserm U1073), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen 76000, France
- Department of Physiology, CHU Rouen, Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen 76031, France
| | - Moïse Coëffier
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Unit (Inserm U1073), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen 76000, France
- Department of Nutrition, CHU Rouen, Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen 76000, France
| | - Mathieu Meleine
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Unit (Inserm U1073), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen 76000, France
- Inserm U1107, NeuroDol, Clermont Auvergne University, Clermont-Ferrand 63000, France
| | - Guillaume Gourcerol
- Nutrition, Gut and Brain Unit (Inserm U1073), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen 76000, France
- Department of Physiology, CHU Rouen, Université de Rouen Normandie, Rouen 76031, France
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22
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Dong JZ, Rong PJ, Ma TM, Wang D, Wang XT, Qiao Y. [Influence of electroacupuncture of"Zusanli"(ST36)on mast cells/TRPV1 signaling pathway in visceral hypersensitivity rats with functional dyspepsia]. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2022; 47:592-597. [PMID: 35880275 DOI: 10.13702/j.1000-0607.20210937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the interventional mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) of "Zusanli"(ST36)based on the involvement of mast cells/ transient receptor potential vanilloid type1 (TRPV1) signaling pathway in relieving visceral hypersensitivity in functional dyspepsia (FD) rats. METHODS Sixty SD rats (half male and half female, 10 days in age) were randomly divided into normal control, model, medication (ketotifen) and EA groups, with 15 rats in each group. The FD model was established by gavage of iodoacetamide combined with tail clamping (stress stimulation). Rats of the medication group received intraperitoneal injection of ketotifen (1 mg·kg-1·d-1) for 14 d, and those of the EA group received EA of ST36 for 20 min, once a day for 14 d. An air-balloon was inserted into the rat's stomach for recording changes of the intragastric pressure (mL/mm Hg) via a pressure transducer. The visceral hypersensitivity was assessed using abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) score and the number and degranulation of mast cells of gastric mucosa were observed using toluidine blue staining. The expression levels of TRPV1 and proteinase activated receptor 2 (PAR2) in the stomach were observed using immunofluorescence histochemistry and Western blot, separately, and the contents of SP and CGRP in the stomach detected using ELISA. RESULTS When the intragastric pressure was at 50, 60 and 70 mm Hg, the gastric compliance was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the levels of visceral sensitivity increased in the model group (P<0.01)。 TRPV1 immunofluorescence tensity, expression of PAR2 and TRPV1 proteins, and contents of SP and CGRP in the stomach were considerably up-regulated in the model group compared with the normal control group (P<0.01). In comparison with the model group, under intragastric pressure of 50,60 and 70 mm Hg, the gastric compliance was obviously increased, and the visceral hypersensitivity decreased in the EA group (P<0.01,P<0.05). TRPV1 immunofluorescence intensity, expression levels of PAR2 and TRPV1 proteins, and the contents of SP and CGRP in the stomach were considerably down-regulated in both medication and EA groups compared with the model group (P<0.01, P<0.05). The therapeutic effect of EA was significantly superior to that of medication in up-regulating the gastric compliance (at 70 mm Hg), and down-regulating the contents of SP and CGRP (P<0.05). No significant differences were found between the EA and medication groups in up-regulating gastric compliance at intragastric pressure of 50 and 60 mm Hg, and in down-regulating the visceral sensitivity, TRPV1 fluorescence intensity, and expression of PAR2 and TRPV1 proteins (P>0.05). Toluidine blue staining showed an apparent increase of mast cell number with obvious degranulation in the gastric mucosa of rats in the model group, which was milder in the EA and medication groups. CONCLUSION EA of ST36 can suppress visceral hypersensitivity and increase the gastric compliance in FD rats, which may be related with its effects in inhibiting the activation of gastric mast cells, and down-regulating the expression of gastric PAR2 and TRPV1 proteins and SP and CGRP contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Zi Dong
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning 110847, China; Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700
| | - Pei-Jing Rong
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700
| | - Tie-Ming Ma
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning 110847, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning 110847, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Wang
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning 110847, China
| | - Ye Qiao
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning 110847, China; The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning 110032
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23
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Khodabakhsh P, Khoie N, Dehpour AR, Abdollahi A, Ghazi-Khansari M, Shafaroodi H. Montelukast suppresses the development of irritable bowel syndrome phenotype possibly through modulating NF-κB signaling in an experimental model. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:313-325. [PMID: 35013876 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00907-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gut disorder with multi-factorial pathophysiology that causes recurring pain or discomfort in the abdomen, as well as altered bowel habits. Montelukast, a well-known cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 1 (CysLT1R) antagonist, is widely used for the anti-inflammatory management of asthma. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of pharmacological inhibition of CysLT1R on acetic acid-induced diarrhea-predominant IBS (D-IBS) in rats. Behavioral pain responses to noxious mechanical stimulation were decreased in the montelukast-treated rats as compared to the model animals following colorectal distension (CRD)-induced visceral hypersensitivity. Stool frequency decreased dose-dependently by montelukast in IBS rats exposed to restraint stress. A significantly shorter immobility time was also observed in IBS rats who received montelukast vs IBS group in the forced swimming test (depression-like behavior). Furthermore, there were significant decreases in the NF-κB protein expression, inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, and IL-1ß) levels, and histopathological inflammatory injuries concomitant with increased anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, in montelukast-treated rats compared with the IBS group. Cysteinyl leukotriene production and CysLT1R mRNA expression showed no remarkable differences among the experimental groups. The present results suggest the possible beneficial effects of montelukast in the management of D-IBS symptoms. The molecular mechanism underlying such effects, at least to some extent, might be through modulating CysLT1R-mediated NF-κB signaling. Yet, more studies are required to demonstrate the clinical potential of this drug for IBS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pariya Khodabakhsh
- Student Research Committee, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nilgoon Khoie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad-Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Abdollahi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, IKHC, Teheran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Ghazi-Khansari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Shafaroodi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Lv Y, Wen J, Fang Y, Zhang H, Zhang J. Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRF-R1) antagonists: Promising agents to prevent visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome. Peptides 2022; 147:170705. [PMID: 34822913 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a 41-amino acid polypeptide that coordinates the endocrine system, autonomic nervous system, immune system, and physiological behavior. CRF is a signaling regulator in the neuro-endocrine-immune (NEI) network that mediates visceral hypersensitivity. Rodent models to simulate changes in intestinal motility similar to those reported in the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), demonstrate that the CRF receptor 1 (CRF-R1) mediates intestinal hypersensitivity under many conditions. However, the translation of preclinical studies into clinical trials has not been successful possibly due to the lack of sufficient understanding of the multiple variants of CRF-R1 and CRF-R1 antagonists. Investigating the sites of action of central and peripheral CRF is critical for accelerating the translation from preclinical to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxia Lv
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, China.
| | - Jing Wen
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, China.
| | - Yingying Fang
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, China.
| | - Haoyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, China.
| | - Jianwu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong City, China.
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Ushimaru Y, Masaoka T, Matsuura N, Yamasaki Y, Takeuchi Y, Yamashita K, Saito T, Tanaka K, Yamamoto K, Makino T, Takahashi T, Kurokawa Y, Eguchi H, Doki Y, Nakajima K. A Preclinical Feasibility Study of Endoscopic Barostat: A Possible Diagnostic Tool for Visceral Hypersensitivity in Functional Dyspepsia. Dig Dis 2021; 40:675-683. [PMID: 34710865 DOI: 10.1159/000520375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diagnosing functional dyspepsia requires excluding organic disease and gastrointestinal function evaluation; however, there are no modalities to evaluate these simultaneously. This preclinical study examined the possibility of an endoscopic barostat. METHODS Ultrathin endoscopy and our newly developed pressure-regulated endoscopic insufflator, which insufflates the gastrointestinal tract until the preset pressure is achieved, were used. The actual intragastric pressure was measured using an optical fiber manometer placed in the stomach. Experiment-1: in an ex vivo experiment, we insufflated the isolated stomach and verified whether the intragastric pressure reached the preset pressure. Experiment-2: we inserted the endoscope orally in a porcine stomach, insufflated the stomach, and verified whether the intragastric pressure reached the preset pressure. Finally, we insufflated the stomach at a random pressure to verify the functional tests for proof-of-concept. RESULTS Experiment-1: the intragastric pressure reached the preset pressure. After reaching the plateau, the pressure remained stable at the preset pressure (Huber M value: 1.015, regression line: 0.988, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.994-0.994). Experiment-2: the intragastric pressure reached the preset pressure. After reaching the plateau, the pressure remained stable at the preset pressure (Huber M value: 1.018, regression line: 0.971, 95% CI: 0.985-0.986). At randomly preset pressures, the transendoscopic theoretical intragastric pressure detected by using the insufflator was correlated with the actual pressure measured by using the pressure manometer. CONCLUSIONS This proof-of-concept study shows that a pressure-regulated endoscopic insufflator provides stable intragastric pressure at the preset level, with the potential of an endoscopic barostat to assess the visceral hypersensitivity related to functional dyspepsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ushimaru
- Department of Next Generation Endoscopic Intervention (Project ENGINE), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Masaoka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, International University of Health and Welfare Mita Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Matsuura
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yamasaki
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoji Takeuchi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kotaro Yamashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuro Saito
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yukinori Kurokawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyokazu Nakajima
- Department of Next Generation Endoscopic Intervention (Project ENGINE), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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Chen BW, Chen SZ, Fang JQ, Jing XH. [Research progress and problems of neurobiological mechanisms of acupuncture underlying improvement of irritable bowel syndrome]. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2021; 46:885-92. [PMID: 34698465 DOI: 10.13702/j.1000-0607.201262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, many studies have confirmed the positive effect of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and a lot of researches have been made to explore its neurobiological mechanisms. The neurobiological mechanisms include two aspects 1) remission of visceral hypersensitivity via peripheral and central pathways (spinal cord and brain), and 2) improvement of intestinal motility via vagus nerve and enteric nervous system (ENS)- interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC)-smooth muscle cells (ENS-ICC-SMC) network, and 5-HT, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y, etc.. At the same time, we also discussed the existing problems in the research of the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of acupuncture and moxibustion for IBS. The existing problems in this field mainly include 1) fragmentization or lack of integrity in researches, and 2) limitation of the reductionism method. For this reason, we should draw lessons from the research methods of systematic science to study the neurobiological mechanisms of acupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of IBS, including the detailed links of peripheral and central nervous transmission of acupoint stimulation signals, and the interactive action modes (two-way benign regulation, multi-target regulation, saturation regulation, etc.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Wei Chen
- College of Acupuncture and Moxibustion and Massage, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Shao-Zong Chen
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion in Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355
| | - Jian-Qiao Fang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion in Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355; Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310013
| | - Xiang-Hong Jing
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700
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Abstract
The pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome is multifactorial and complex. Our understanding of its pathophysiology has evolved, but remains incompletely understood. Symptoms result from a dysregulation of brain-gut interactions. Evidence has identified alterations in central and peripheral (gut) mechanisms in irritable bowel syndrome and the bidirectional communication between the brain and the gut. Pertinent mechanisms include disturbed gut motility, visceral hypersensitivity, altered mucosal and immune function, altered gut microbiota, and altered central nervous system processing. This review addresses factors that increase the risk of irritable bowel syndrome and the central and peripheral mechanisms thought to underlie its symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Videlock
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lin Chang
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Wang T, Li L, Li S, Zhao H, Qu J, Xia Y, Li Y. Clostridium butyricum relieve the visceral hypersensitivity in mice induced by Citrobacter rodentium infection with chronic stress. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11585. [PMID: 34221718 PMCID: PMC8223894 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Visceral hypersensitivity is a common symptom in patients with post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS), and change of the microbiota is a vital etiological factor of it. Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) is one of the probiotics which is reported as the active components in the treatment of IBS, especially IBS with diarrhea. Citrobacter rodentium (C. rodentium) is an enteropathogenic bacteria which can produce self-limiting colitis in mice, which have been used to produce a PI-IBS-like mice model. Whether C. butyricum could influence the visceral hypersensitivity and gut microbiota of PI-IBS is still unknown. Our study aimed to examine whether the intervention of C. butyricum or antibiotics could affect the etiology of visceral hypersensitivity. Methods C57BL/6 male mice were gavaged with the C. rodentium to induce a infective colitis. The C. butyricum and antibiotic compound were used to intervene the infected mice 3 days later. A 9-day chronic water avoidance stress (WAS) process was implemented to help induce the visceral hypersensitivity. The abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) score was assayed to indicate the visceral hypersensitivity of different groups. On the 7th, 14th, and 30th days after infection, mice feces were collected and high-throughput sequencing was carried out to analyze their gut microbiota. Results Combined, the C. rodentium infection plus chronic stress (WAS) could induce the visceral hypersensitivity in mice. Treatment of the C. butyricum after C. rodentium infection could relieve visceral hypersensitivity of mice, while no difference was observed in the antibiotic treatment group. The gut microbiota diversity of C. rodentium infected mice was similar to the uninfected mice, while there were different microbial communities structure between them. The Shannon and Chao indexes significantly decreased in the antibiotic treatment group compared to other groups at 7th, 14th, and 30th days post-infection, while treatment of C. butyricum could maintain the indexes within normal range. At day 14 after infection, the structure of microbiota headed towards normality after the C. butyricum treatment. After the WAS, the Shannon and Chao indexes of the control group decreased and the structure of microbiota changed. The C. butyricum treatment could prevent these changes of the gut microbiota induced by WAS. Conclusion C. butyricum could relieve the visceral hypersensitivity in mice induced by C. rodentium infection plus chronic stress. It could also remodel the microbiota change caused by the infection and chronic stress. It may be a more effective treatment strategy for PI-IBS than antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lixiang Li
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shiyang Li
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Junyan Qu
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanan Xia
- Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanqing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Laboratory of Translational Gastroenterology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China.,Robot Engineering Laboratory for Precise Diagnosis and Therapy of GI Tumor, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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Chen Y, Zhao Y, Wang L, Yao JP, Li Y, Zhou SY. [Involvement of Pirt /TRPV1 signaling in acupuncture-induced reduction of visceral hypersensitivity in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome rats]. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2021; 46:278-83. [PMID: 33931991 DOI: 10.13702/j.1000-0607.200442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the expression of Pirt (a regulator of TRPV1) in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1, a molecular sensor of noxious heat and capsaicin) in the colonic mucosa in rats suffering from diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D), so as to explore its mechanisms underlying alleviation of visceral hypersensitivity of IBS-D. METHODS Forty SD rats (half male and half female) were randomly assigned to control, model, EA, and medication groups by lottery, with 10 rats in each group. The IBS-D model was established by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and gavage of senna soaking fluid. Rats in the EA group received EA (2 Hz/15 Hz,0.1-1 mA) stimulation of unilateral "Tianshu"(ST25), "Zusanli" (ST36), "Sanyinjiao"(SP6) and "Taichong"(LR3) for 15 min once a day for 14 days, and rats of the medication group received intragastric administration of pinave-rium bromide (10 mL/kg, 2.7 mg/mL) once daily for 14 days. The visceral pain threshold (VPT) was measured by using abdominal wall withdrawal reflex (AWR) test. The diarrhea index (loose stool rate [total number of loose stool/total number of defecation] X mean loose degree [0-4 grades according to the filter paper stain diameter] in 6 h/d) was used to assess the severity of diarrhea. The expression of Pirt in the DRG and TRPV1 in the colonic mucosa tissue was detected using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS After modeling, the VPT was obviously reduced (P<0.01), while the diarrhea index, mean optical density of Pirt and TRPV1 were remarkably increased in the model group relevant to the control group (P<0.01). After the interventions, the VPT was obviously increased while the diarrhea index, and the mean optical density of Pirt and TRPV1 was noticeably decreased in both EA and the medicine groups in contrast to the model group (P<0.01). No significant differences were found between the EA and medicine groups in up-regulating VPT and down-regulating the diarrhea index, and Pirt and TRPV1 expression (P>0.05). CONCLUSION EA can effectively alleviate visceral hypersensitivity in IBS-D rats, which may be related to its effect in down-regulating the expression level of DRG Pirt and colonic TRPV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pain Treatment, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong Province
| | - Lu Wang
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Jun-Peng Yao
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Si-Yuan Zhou
- School of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
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30
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Ma J, Wang FY, Xu L, Wang YF, Tang XD. Mechanism of mast cell-mediated COX2-PGE2-Eps signaling pathway in visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2021; 29:306-311. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v29.i6.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID) whose pathophysiological mechanism is complex, involving genetic factors, psychosocial factors, low-grade mucosal inflammation, changes in the intestinal barrier, bacterial flora disorder, neuroimmune abnormalities, and high visceral sensitivity. In recent years, the mechanism of visceral hypersensitivity in IBS has become a hot research topic. Mast cells (MCs) are a group of immune cells that are distributed in the central nervous system and digestive system. The COX2-PGE2-Eps signaling pathway plays a major role in the visceral hypersensitivity in IBS, from peripheral sensitization to central sensitization, which provides a new idea for further clarifying the pathological mechanism of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- Graduate School of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Feng-Yun Wang
- Department of Spleen and Stomach, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Lin Xu
- Graduate School of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Yi-Fan Wang
- Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xu-Dong Tang
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
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Chen Z, Zhou T, Zhang Y, Dong H, Jin W. Mast cells in the paraventricular nucleus participate in visceral hypersensitivity induced by neonatal maternal separation. Behav Brain Res 2021; 402:113113. [PMID: 33412227 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.113113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Early-life stress (ELS) is a high-risk factor for the development of chronic visceral pain in adulthood. Emerging evidence suggests that mast cells play a key role in the development of visceral hypersensitivity through interaction with neurons. The sensitization of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of visceral pain. However, the precise mechanism by which mast cells and CRF neurons interact in the PVN in the pathogenesis of visceral hypersensitivity remains elusive. In the present study, we used neonatal maternal separation (MS), an ELS model, and observed that neonatal MS induced visceral hypersensitivity and triggered PVN mast cell activation in adult rats, which was repressed by intra-PVN infusion of the mast cell stabilizer disodium cromoglycate (cromolyn). Wild-type (WT) mice but not mast cell-deficient KitW-sh/W-sh mice that had experienced neonatal MS exhibited chronic visceral hypersensitivity. MS was associated with an increase in the expression of proinflammatory mediators, the number of CRF+ cells and CRF protein in the PVN, which was prevented by intra-PVN infusion of cromolyn. Furthermore, we demonstrated that intra-PVN infusion of the mast degranulator compound 48/80 significantly induced mast cell activation, resulting in proinflammatory mediator release, CRF neuronal sensitization, and visceral hypersensitivity, which was suppressed by cromolyn. Overall, our findings demonstrated that neonatal MS induces the activation of PVN mast cells, which secrete numerous proinflammatory mediators that may participate in neighboring CRF neuronal activity, ultimately directly inducing visceral hypersensitivity in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliate with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongmei Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hongquan Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wenjie Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Lin Z, Wang Y, Lin S, Liu D, Mo G, Zhang H, Dou Y. Identification of potential biomarkers for abdominal pain in IBS patients by bioinformatics approach. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:48. [PMID: 33530940 PMCID: PMC7852366 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disease characterized by chronic abdominal discomfort and pain. The mechanisms of abdominal pain, as a relevant symptom, in IBS are still unclear. We aimed to explore the key genes and neurobiological changes specially involved in abdominal pain in IBS. Methods Gene expression data (GSE36701) was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus database. Fifty-three rectal mucosa samples from 27 irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) patients and 40 samples from 21 healthy volunteers as controls were included. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two groups were identified using the GEO2R online tool. Functional enrichment analysis of DEGs was performed on the DAVID database. Then a protein–protein interaction network was constructed and visualized using STRING database and Cytoscape. Results The microarray analysis demonstrated a subset of genes (CCKBR, CCL13, ACPP, BDKRB2, GRPR, SLC1A2, NPFF, P2RX4, TRPA1, CCKBR, TLX2, MRGPRX3, PAX2, CXCR1) specially involved in pain transmission. Among these genes, we identified GRPR, NPFF and TRPA1 genes as potential biomarkers for irritating abdominal pain of IBS patients. Conclusions Overexpression of certain pain-related genes (GRPR, NPFF and TRPA1) may contribute to chronic visceral hypersensitivity, therefore be partly responsible for recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort in IBS patients. Several synapses modification and biological process of psychological distress may be risk factors of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yimin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiqing Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Decheng Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Guohui Mo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yunling Dou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, China.
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Lingpeng P, Jingzhu S, Wei L, Enqi W, Yaqin L. Effect of water extracts from Cynanchum thesioides (Freyn) K. Schum. on visceral hypersensitivity and gut microbiota profile in maternally separated rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 264:113352. [PMID: 32891821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic, stress-related, functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal discomfort and altered bowel habits; the manipulation of the microbiota is emerging as a promising therapeutic option for IBS. Cynanchum thesioides (CT) is an herb of traditional Mongolian medicine that has been employed in treating abdominal pain and diarrhea for hundreds of years. Phytochemical studies of this plant showed the presence of various flavonoids with antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. We hypothesized that Cynanchum thesioides manipulates the gut mycobiome and reverses visceral hypersensitivity in IBS rat model. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The aims of this study were to prove the in vivo efficacy of Cynanchum thesioides on improving visceral hypersensitivity in IBS rat model and to examine its effect on gut bacterial communities, focusing on the potential interrelationships among microbiota and visceral hypersensitivity. MATERIALS AND METHODS We induced visceral hypersensitivity rat models by maternal separation (MS) of Sprague-Dawley rats, and administered CT water extracts to MS rats for 10 consecutive days. The abdominal withdrawal reflex score and threshold of colorectal distention were employed to assess visceral sensitivity. We then used the Illumina HiSeq platform to analyze bacterial 16S rRNA gene. RESULTS Treatment with CT improved visceral hypersensitivity in MS rats, and this was accompanied by alterations in the structure and composition of the gut microbiota. The extent of the stability of the gut microbiota was improved after treatment with CT. The genera Pseudomonas, Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis, and Clostridium XlVa (which were more prevalent in MS rats) were significantly decreased, whereas the abundance of some genera were less prevalent in MS rats-for example, Clostridium IV, Elusimicrobium, Clostridium_sensu_stricto, and Acetatifactor were significantly enriched after treatment with CT. CONCLUSION Water-extracted CT was beneficial against visceral hypersensitivity in IBS and favorably affected the structure, composition, and functionality of gut microbiota. CT is therefore a promising agent in therapy of IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Lingpeng
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Song Jingzhu
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Liu Wei
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, 132013, China.
| | - Wu Enqi
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Ling Yaqin
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Wei W, Wang HF, Zhang Y, Zhang YL, Niu BY, Yao SK. Altered metabolism of bile acids correlates with clinical parameters and the gut microbiota in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:7153-7172. [PMID: 33362374 PMCID: PMC7723672 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i45.7153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bile acids (BAs) have attracted attention in the research of irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhea (IBS-D) due to their ability to modulate bowel function and their tight connection with the gut microbiota. The composition of the fecal BA pool in IBS-D patients is reportedly different from that in healthy populations. We hypothesized that BAs may participate in the pathogenesis of IBS-D and the altered BA profile may be correlated with the gut microbiome. AIM To investigate the role of BAs in the pathogenesis of IBS-D and the correlation between fecal BAs and gut microbiota. METHODS Fifty-five IBS-D patients diagnosed according to the Rome IV criteria and twenty-eight age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled in this study at the gastroenterology department of China-Japan Friendship Hospital. First, clinical manifestations were assessed with standardized questionnaires, and visceral sensitivity was evaluated via the rectal distension test using a high-resolution manometry system. Fecal primary BAs including cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), secondary BAs including deoxycholic acid (DCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) as well as the corresponding tauro- and glyco-BAs were examined by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Correlations between fecal BAs with clinical features and gut microbiota were explored. RESULTS Fecal CA (IBS-D: 3037.66 [282.82, 6917.47] nmol/g, HC: 20.19 [5.03, 1304.28] nmol/g; P < 0.001) and CDCA (IBS-D: 1721.86 [352.80, 2613.83] nmol/g, HC: 57.16 [13.76, 1639.92] nmol/g; P < 0.001) were significantly increased, while LCA (IBS-D: 1621.65 [58.99, 2396.49] nmol/g, HC: 2339.24 [1737.09, 2782.40]; P = 0.002] and UDCA (IBS-D: 8.92 [2.33, 23.93] nmol/g, HC: 17.21 [8.76, 33.48] nmol/g; P = 0.025) were significantly decreased in IBS-D patients compared to HCs. Defecation frequency was positively associated with CA (r = 0.294, P = 0.030) and CDCA (r = 0.290, P = 0.032) and negatively associated with DCA (r = -0.332, P = 0.013) and LCA (r = -0.326, P = 0.015) in IBS-D patients. In total, 23 of 55 IBS-D patients and 15 of 28 HCs participated in the visceral sensitivity test. The first sensation threshold was negatively correlated with CDCA (r = -0.459, P = 0.028) in IBS-D patients. Furthermore, the relative abundance of the family Ruminococcaceae was significantly decreased in IBS-D patients (P < 0.001), and 12 genera were significantly lower in IBS-D patients than in HCs (P < 0.05), with 6 belonging to Ruminococcaceae. Eleven of these genera were negatively correlated with primary BAs and positively correlated with secondary BAs in all subjects. CONCLUSION The altered metabolism of BAs in the gut of IBS-D patients was associated with diarrhea and visceral hypersensitivity and might be ascribed to dysbiosis, especially the reduction of genera in Ruminococcaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hui-Fen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan-Li Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bing-Yu Niu
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shu-Kun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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Zhang Z, Engel MA, Koch E, Reeh PW, Khalil M. Menthacarin induces calcium ion influx in sensory neurons, macrophages and colonic organoids of mice. Life Sci 2020; 264:118682. [PMID: 33127519 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Menthacarin is a herbal combination that is clinically used for the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). In several clinical studies, Menthacarin reduced visceral hypersensitivity-related symptoms. Pathogenesis of visceral hypersensitivity is multifactorial. This involves several cell types and different transient receptor potential ion channels (TRPs); these ion channels are highly conductive for calcium ions. Since transient changes in cytosolic calcium levels are crucial for many functions of living cells, we investigated if Menthacarin can induce calcium influx in sensory, largely nociceptive, neurons from dorsal root ganglia (DRG), peritoneal macrophages (PMs) and colonic organoids. MAIN METHODS We employed the calcium imaging technique on sensory neurons from DRG, PMs and colonic organoids isolated from mice. All cells were superfused by Menthacarin at several concentrations (600, 1200, 1800 μg/ml) during the experiments, followed by calcium ionophor ionomycin (Iono., 1 μM) as a positive control. KEY FINDINGS Menthacarin induced concentration-dependent calcium ion influx in all investigated cell types. Furthermore, repeated applications of Menthacarin induced tachyphylaxis (desensitisation) of calcium responses in sensory neurons and colonic organoids. SIGNIFICANCE Menthacarin-induced calcium influx into sensory neurons, macrophages and colonic organoids is probably related to its clinical desensitising effects in patients with FGIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhang
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M A Engel
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - E Koch
- Preclinical Research, Dr. Willmar Schwabe GmbH & Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - P W Reeh
- Institute of Physiology und Pathophysiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Khalil
- Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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Hu S, Sun Q, Du WJ, Song J, Li X, Zhang PA, Xu JT, Xu GY. Adult Stress Promotes Purinergic Signaling to Induce Visceral Pain in Rats with Neonatal Maternal Deprivation. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:1271-80. [PMID: 32909219 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic visceral pain is one of the primary symptoms of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which affects up to 15% of the population world-wide. The detailed mechanisms of visceral pain remain largely unclear. Our previous studies have shown that neonatal maternal deprivation (NMD) followed by adult multiple stress (AMS) advances the occurrence of visceral pain, likely due to enhanced norepinephrine (NE)-β2 adrenergic signaling. This study was designed to explore the roles of P2X3 receptors (P2X3Rs) in the chronic visceral pain induced by combined stress. Here, we showed that P2X3Rs were co-expressed in β2 adrenergic receptor (β2-AR)-positive dorsal root ganglion neurons and that NE significantly enhanced ATP-induced Ca2+ signals. NMD and AMS not only significantly increased the protein expression of P2X3Rs, but also greatly enhanced the ATP-evoked current density, number of action potentials, and intracellular Ca2+ concentration of colon-related DRG neurons. Intrathecal injection of the P2X3R inhibitor A317491 greatly attenuated the visceral pain and the ATP-induced Ca2+ signals in NMD and AMS rats. Furthermore, the β2-AR antagonist butoxamine significantly reversed the expression of P2X3Rs, the ATP-induced current density, and the number of action potentials of DRG neurons. Overall, our data demonstrate that NMD followed by AMS leads to P2X3R activation, which is most likely mediated by upregulation of β2 adrenergic signaling in primary sensory neurons, thus contributing to visceral hypersensitivity.
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Tong L, Wu LB, Li N, Cheng HL, Cai RL, Chu HR. [Moxibustion relieves abdominal hypersensitivity and diarrhea by regulating colonic 5-hydroxytryptamine signaling pathway in rats with diarrhea type irritable bowel syndrome]. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2020; 45:535-540. [PMID: 32705826 DOI: 10.13702/j.1000-0607.190857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of moxibustion on visceral pain, diarrhea, colonic 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) content, and expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), serotonin reup take transporter (SERT) and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3 (5-HT3R) in colon tissue of rats with diarrhea irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D), so as to reveal its underlying mechanisms in treating IBS-D. METHODS Thirty male SD rats were randomly divided into blank control, model and moxibustion groups (n=10 rats in each group). The IBS-D model was established by chronic restraint combined with gavage of Senna leaf solution. Moxibustion was applied to bilateral "Tianshu" (ST25) and "Shangjuxu" (ST37) for 30 min, once a day for 7 days. After the treatment, the loose stool rate (number of loose stool/total number of feces granules X100%) and the minimum volume threshold of abdominal reflex (abdominal pain threshold) induced by rectal dilatation were observed. The content of colonic 5-HT was detected by using ELISA, and the expression of TPH1, SERT and 5-HT3R mRNAs and proteins were detected by using quantitative real time-PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS Compared with the blank control group, the minimum volume threshold of abdominal retraction reflex and the relative expression of SERT protein and mRNA were significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the loose stool rate, colonic 5-HT content, and relative expression of TPH1 and 5-HT3R proteins and mRNAs were notably increased in the model group (P<0.01). After moxibustion, both the decrease of minimum volume threshold and SERT protein and mRNA expressions and the increase of loose stool rate, colonic 5-HT content and TPH1 and 5-HT3R protein and mRNA expressions were reversed (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Moxibustion of ST25 and ST37 can relieve abdominal hypersensitivity and diarrhea in IBS-D model rats, which is related to its effects in down-regulating colonic 5-HT content and expression of TPH1 and 5-HT3R proteins and mRNAs and in up-regulating expression of SERT protein and mRNA (regulating 5-HT/5-HT3R signaling)..
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tong
- Graduate School of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Li-Bin Wu
- Graduate School of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Nan Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230061
| | - Hong-Liang Cheng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230061
| | - Rong-Lin Cai
- Institute of Acupuncture-moxibustion and Meridian, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012
| | - Hao-Ran Chu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230061; Clinical Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038
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Roudsari NM, Lashgari NA, Zandi N, Pazoki B, Momtaz S, Sahebkar A, Abdolghaffari AH. PPARγ: A turning point for irritable bowel syndrome treatment. Life Sci 2020; 257:118103. [PMID: 32681913 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder with negative impacts on quality of life of patients. Although the etiology of the disease is still unclear, there are a set of mechanisms and factors involved in IBS pathogenesis. Visceral hypersensitivity, impaired gut barrier, along with minor inflammation and oxidative stress are the most important triggers for IBS induction. Activation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) has been shown to improve gut barrier, downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduce free radical production through antioxidative mechanisms, and exert anti-nociceptive effects against somatic pain. An electronic search in PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Cochrane library was performed and relevant clinical, in vivo and in vitro articles published between 2004 and June 2020 were collected. Search terms included "Irritable Bowel Syndrome" OR "IBS" OR "visceral hypersensitivity" OR "motility dysfunction" AND "peroxisome proliferator activated receptors" OR "PPAR". Herein, the efficacy of PPARγ signaling as a potential target for IBS treatment is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Momeni Roudsari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser-Aldin Lashgari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nadia Zandi
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Department of Toxicology & Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; GI Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
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Song Y, Meng QX, Wu K, Hua R, Song ZJ, Song Y, Qin X, Cao JL, Zhang YM. Disinhibition of PVN-projecting GABAergic neurons in AV region in BNST participates in visceral hypersensitivity in rats. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 117:104690. [PMID: 32417623 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ample evidence suggests that early life stress (ELS) is a high-risk factor for the development of visceral pain disorders, whereas the mechanism underlying neuronal circuit remains elusive. Herein, we employed neonatal colorectal distension (CRD) to induce visceral hypersensitivity in rats. A combination of electrophysiology, pharmacology, behavioral test, molecular biology, chemogenetics and optogenetics confirmed that CRD in neonatal rats could predispose the elevated firing frequency of the parvocellular corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus (PVN) in adulthood, with the CRH neurons activated and the frequency of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents (sIPSC) diminished, both contributing to chronic visceral hypersensitivity. Moreover, following administration of exogenous GABA (300 mM/0.5 μL) and GABAA receptor agonist muscimol (3 mM/0.5 μL) in PVN, visceral hyperalgesia was abrogated. In addition, the PVN-projecting GABAergic neurons were mainly distributed in the anterior ventral (AV) region in the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST), and the excitability of these GABAergic neurons was weakened in visceral hypersensitivity. Specific depletion of the GABAergic neurons in AV region precipitated visceral hyperalgesia. Moreover, chemogenetic activation of the PVN-projecting neurons alleviated the visceral hypersensitivity. Photoactivation of PVN-projecting GABAergic neurons abated the visceral hypersensitivity in neonatal-CRD rats, whereas photoinhibition evoked visceral hyperalgesia in naïve rats. Our findings demonstrated that disinhibition of the PVN-projecting GABAergic neurons in AV region contributed to the excitation of CRH neurons, thereby mediating visceral hypersensitivity. Our study might provide a novel insight into the neuronal circuits involved in the ELS-induced visceral hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China; Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221002, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China
| | - Qing-Xiang Meng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China
| | - Rong Hua
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221002, China
| | - Zhi-Jing Song
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China
| | - Ying Song
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China
| | - Xia Qin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China
| | - Jun-Li Cao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China.
| | - Yong-Mei Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China; Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesia and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province 221004, China.
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Qin G, Zhang Y, Yao SK. Serotonin transporter and cholecystokinin in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: Associations with abdominal pain, visceral hypersensitivity and psychological performance. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8:1632-1641. [PMID: 32432141 PMCID: PMC7211531 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v8.i9.1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral hypersensitivity and psychological performance are the main pathophysiological mechanisms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Previous studies have found that cholecystokinin (CCK) can enhance colon movement and that serotonin transporter (SERT) is a transmembrane transport protein with high affinity for 5-hydroxytryptamine, which can rapidly reuptake 5-hydroxytryptamine and then regulate its action time and intensity. We speculate that SERT and CCK might play a role in the pathogenesis of diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) by affecting visceral sensitivity and the brain-gut axis. AIM To determine SERT and CCK levels in IBS-D patients diagnosed using Rome IV criteria and to analyze their associations with abdominal pain, visceral hypersensitivity and psychological performance. METHODS This study collected data from 40 patients with IBS-D at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital from September 2017 to April 2018 and 18 healthy controls. The severity of abdominal pain, visceral sensitivity and psychological performance were evaluated in IBS-D patients and healthy controls, the levels of SERT and CCK in plasma and colonic mucosa were evaluated, and the correlations between them were analyzed. RESULTS There were significant differences in the initial sensation threshold (31.00 ± 8.41 mL vs 52.22 ± 8.09 mL, P < 0.001), defecating sensation threshold (51.75 ± 13.57 mL vs 89.44 ± 8.73 mL, P < 0.001) and maximum tolerable threshold (97.25 ± 23.64 mL vs 171.11 ± 20.83 mL, P < 0.001) between the two groups. IBS-D patients had more severe anxiety (7.78 ± 2.62 vs 2.89 ± 1.02, P < 0.001) and depressive (6.38 ± 2.43 vs 2.06 ± 0.73, P < 0.001) symptoms than healthy controls. Significant differences were also found in mucosal CCK (2.29 ± 0.30 vs 1.66 ± 0.17, P < 0.001) and SERT (1.90 ± 0.51 vs 3.03 ± 0.23, P < 0.001) between the two groups. There was a significant positive correlation between pain scores and mucosal CCK (r = 0.96, 0.93, 0.94, P < 0.001). Significant negative correlations between anxiety (r = -0.98; P < 0.001), depression (r = -0.99; P < 0.001), pain evaluation (r = -0.96, -0.93, -0.95, P < 0.001) and mucosal SERT were observed. CONCLUSION IBS-D patients had psychosomatic disorders and visceral hypersensitivity. SERT and CCK might be involved in the pathogenesis of IBS-D by regulating the brain-gut axis and affecting visceral sensitivity. This provides a new potential method for identifying a more specific and effective therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Qin
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shu-Kun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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El-Salhy M, Hatlebakk JG, Hausken T. Possible role of peptide YY (PYY) in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Neuropeptides 2020; 79:101973. [PMID: 31727345 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2019.101973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder of unknown aetiology for which there is no effective treatment. Although IBS does not increase mortality, it reduces the quality of life and is an economic burden to both the patients themselves and society as a whole. Peptide YY (PYY) is localized in endocrine cells located in the ileum, colon and rectum. The concentration of PYY and the density of PYY cells are decreased in both the colon and rectum but unchanged in the ileum of patients with IBS. The low density of PYY cells in the large intestine may be caused by a decreased number of stem cells and their progeny toward endocrine cells. PYY regulates the intestinal motility, secretion and absorption as well as visceral sensitivity via modulating serotonin release. An abnormality in PYY may therefore contribute to the intestinal dysmotility and visceral hypersensitivity seen in IBS patients. Diet management involving consuming a low-FODMAP diet restores the density of PYY cells in the large intestine and improves abdominal symptoms in patients with IBS. This review shows that diet management appears to be a valuable tool for correcting the PYY abnormalities in the large intestine of IBS patients in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdy El-Salhy
- Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Stord Hospital, Stord, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; National Centre for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Bergen, Norway..
| | - Jan Gunnar Hatlebakk
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; National Centre for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Bergen, Norway..
| | - Trygve Hausken
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; National Centre for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, Bergen, Norway..
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Zhang WX, Zhang Y, Qin G, Li KM, Wei W, Li SY, Yao SK. Altered profiles of fecal metabolites correlate with visceral hypersensitivity and may contribute to symptom severity of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:6416-6429. [PMID: 31798278 PMCID: PMC6881512 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i43.6416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fecal metabolites are associated with gut visceral sensitivity, mucosal immune function and intestinal barrier function, all of which have critical roles in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, the metabolic profile and pathophysiology of IBS are still unclear. We hypothesized that altered profiles of fecal metabolites might be involved in the pathogenesis of IBS with predominant diarrhea (IBS-D). AIM To investigate the fecal metabolite composition and the role of metabolites in IBS-D pathophysiology. METHODS Thirty IBS-D patients and 15 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent clinical and psychological assessments, including the IBS Symptom Severity System (IBS-SSS), an Italian modified version of the Bowel Disease Questionnaire, the Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Visceral Sensitivity Index. Visceral sensitivity to rectal distension was tested using high-resolution manometry system by the same investigator. Fecal metabolites, including amino acids and organic acids, were measured by targeted metabolomics approaches. Correlation analyses between these parameters were performed. RESULTS The patients presented with increased stool water content, more psychological symptoms and increased visceral hypersensitivity compared with the controls. In fecal metabolites, His [IBS-D: 0.0642 (0.0388, 0.1484), HC: 0.2636 (0.0780, 0.3966), P = 0.012], Ala [IBS-D: 0.5095 (0.2826, 0.9183), HC: 1.0118 (0.6135, 1.4335), P = 0.041], Tyr [IBS-D: 0.1024 (0.0173, 0.4527), HC: 0.5665 (0.2436, 1.3447), P = 0.018], Phe [IBS-D: 0.1511 (0.0775, 0.3248), HC: 0.3967 (0.1388, 0.7550), P = 0.028], and Trp [IBS-D: 0.0323 (0.0001, 0.0826), HC: 0.0834 (0.0170, 0.1759), P = 0.046] were decreased in IBS-D patients, but isohexanoate [IBS-D: 0.0127 (0.0060, 0.0246), HC: 0.0070 (0.0023, 0.0106), P = 0.028] was significantly increased. Only Tyr was mildly correlated with BSFS scores in all subjects (r = -0.347, P = 0.019). A possible potential biomarker panel was identified to correlate with IBS-SSS score (R 2 Adjusted = 0.693, P < 0.001). In this regression model, the levels of Tyr, Val, hexanoate, fumarate, and pyruvate were significantly associated with the symptom severity of IBS-D. Furthermore, visceral sensation, including abdominal pain and visceral hypersensitivity, was correlated with isovalerate, valerate and isohexanoate. CONCLUSION Altered profiles of fecal metabolites may be one of the origins or exacerbating factors of symptoms in IBS-D via increasing visceral sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xue Zhang
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Geng Qin
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kai-Min Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Su-Yun Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shu-Kun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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Bai Y, Chen YB, Qiu XT, Chen YB, Ma LT, Li YQ, Sun HK, Zhang MM, Zhang T, Chen T, Fan BY, Li H, Li YQ. Nucleus tractus solitarius mediates hyperalgesia induced by chronic pancreatitis in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:6077-6093. [PMID: 31686764 PMCID: PMC6824279 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i40.6077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Central sensitization plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of chronic pain induced by chronic pancreatitis (CP). We hypothesized that the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), a primary central site that integrates pancreatic afferents apart from the thoracic spinal dorsal horn, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of visceral hypersensitivity in a rat model of CP.
AIM To investigate the role of the NTS in the visceral hypersensitivity induced by chronic pancreatitis.
METHODS CP was induced by the intraductal injection of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) in rats. Pancreatic hyperalgesia was assessed by referred somatic pain via von Frey filament assay. Neural activation of the NTS was indicated by immunohistochemical staining for Fos. Basic synaptic transmission within the NTS was assessed by electrophysiological recordings. Expression of vesicular glutamate transporters (VGluTs), N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subtype 2B (NR2B), and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor subtype 1 (GluR1) was analyzed by immunoblotting. Membrane insertion of NR2B and GluR1 was evaluated by electron microscopy. The regulatory role of the NTS in visceral hypersensitivity was detected via pharmacological approach and chemogenetics in CP rats.
RESULTS TNBS treatment significantly increased the number of Fos-expressing neurons within the caudal NTS. The excitatory synaptic transmission was substantially potentiated within the caudal NTS in CP rats (frequency: 5.87 ± 1.12 Hz in CP rats vs 2.55 ± 0.44 Hz in sham rats, P < 0.01; amplitude: 19.60 ± 1.39 pA in CP rats vs 14.71 ± 1.07 pA in sham rats; P < 0.01). CP rats showed upregulated expression of VGluT2, and increased phosphorylation and postsynaptic trafficking of NR2B and GluR1 within the caudal NTS. Blocking excitatory synaptic transmission via the AMPAR antagonist CNQX and the NMDAR antagonist AP-5 microinjection reversed visceral hypersensitivity in CP rats (abdominal withdraw threshold: 7.00 ± 1.02 g in CNQX group, 8.00 ± 0.81 g in AP-5 group and 1.10 ± 0.27 g in saline group, P < 0.001). Inhibiting the excitability of NTS neurons via chemogenetics also significantly attenuated pancreatic hyperalgesia (abdominal withdraw threshold: 13.67 ± 2.55 g in Gi group, 2.00 ± 1.37 g in Gq group, and 2.36 ± 0.67 g in mCherry group, P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that enhanced excitatory transmission within the caudal NTS contributes to pancreatic pain and emphasize the NTS as a pivotal hub for the processing of pancreatic afferents, which provide novel insights into the central sensitization of painful CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ying-Biao Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Fujian Health College, Fuzhou 350101, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xin-Tong Qiu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yan-Bing Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Li-Tian Ma
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ying-Qi Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hong-Ke Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ming-Ming Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bo-Yuan Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xian Jiaotong University, Xian Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yun-Qing Li
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology & K. K. Leung Brain Research Centre, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
- Joint Laboratory of Neuroscience at Hainan Medical University and Fourth Military Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, Hainan Province, China
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Bao CH, Wang CY, Li GN, Yan YL, Wang D, Jin XM, Wu LY, Liu HR, Wang XM, Shi Z, Wu HG. Effect of mild moxibustion on intestinal microbiota and NLRP6 inflammasome signaling in rats with post-inflammatory irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:4696-4714. [PMID: 31528095 PMCID: PMC6718040 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i32.4696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND About one-third of refractory irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) cases are caused by gastrointestinal (GI) infection/inflammation, known as post-infectious/post-inflammatory IBS (PI-IBS). Although it is known that intestinal microbiota and host NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 6 (NLRP6) inflammsome signaling are closely related to PI-IBS and moxibustion has a therapeutic effect on PI-IBS, whether moxibustion regulates the intestinal flora and host NLRP6 events in PI-IBS remains unclear. AIM To examine the regulatory effect of moxibustion on intestinal microbiota and host NLRP6 inflammatory signaling in PI-IBS. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into a normal control group, a model control group, a mild moxibustion group, and a sham mild moxibustion group. PI-IBS rats in the mild moxibustion group were treated with moxibusiton at bilateral Tianshu (ST 25) and Zusanli (ST36) for 7 consecutive days for 10 min each time. The sham group rats were given the same treatment as the mild moxibustion group except the moxa stick was not ignited. Abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) score was measured to assess the visceral sensitivity, and colon histopathology and ultrastructure, colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level were measured to evaluate low-grade colonic inflammation in rats. The relative abundance of selected intestinal bacteria in rat feces was detected by 16S rDNA PCR and the NLRP6 inflammsome signaling in the colon was detected by immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, and Western blot. RESULTS The AWR score was significantly decreased and the low-grade intestinal inflammation reflected by serum CRP and colonic MPO levels was inhibited in the mild moxibustion group compared with the sham group. Mild moxibustion remarkably increased the relative DNA abundances of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii but decreased that of Escherichia coli in the gut of PI-IBS rats. Additionally, mild moxibustion induced mRNA and protein expression of intestine lectin 1 but inhibited the expression of IL-1β, IL-18, and resistance-like molecule β by promoting the NLRP6 and reducing the mRNA and protein expression of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC) and cysteinyl-aspartate-specific proteinase 1 (Caspase-1). The relative DNA abundances of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and Escherichia coli in each group were correlated with the mRNA and protein expression of NLRP6, ASC, and Caspase-1 in the colon. CONCLUSION These findings indicated that mild moxibustion can relieve low-grade GI inflammation and alleviate visceral hypersensitivity in PI-IBS by regulating intestinal microbes and controlling NLRP6 inflammasome signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hui Bao
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Chun-Ye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Guo-Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yi-Lu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Di Wang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Jin
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
| | - Lu-Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hui-Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zheng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Huan-Gan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Immunological Effects, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
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Yu ZC, Cen YX, Wu BH, Wei C, Xiong F, Li DF, Liu TT, Luo MH, Guo LL, Li YX, Wang LS, Wang JY, Yao J. Berberine prevents stress-induced gut inflammation and visceral hypersensitivity and reduces intestinal motility in rats. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:3956-3971. [PMID: 31413530 PMCID: PMC6689801 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i29.3956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic non-organic disease of the digestive system. Berberine (BBR) has been used to treat patients with IBS, but the underlying therapeutic mechanism is little understood. We believe that BBR achieves its therapeutic effect on IBS by preventing stress intestinal inflammation and visceral hypersensitivity and reducing bowel motility.
AIM To test the hypothesis that BBR achieves its therapeutic effect on IBS by preventing subclinical inflammation of the intestinal mucosa and reducing visceral hypersensitivity and intestinal motility.
METHODS IBS was induced in rats via water avoidance stress (WAS). qRT-PCR and histological analyses were used to evaluate the levels of cytokines and mucosal inflammation, respectively. Modified ELISA and qRT-PCR were used to evaluate the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signal transduction pathway. Colorectal distention test, gastrointestinal transit measurement, Western blot, and qRT-PCR were used to analyze visceral sensitivity, intestinal motility, the expression of C-kit (marker of Cajal mesenchymal cells), and the expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor TrkB.
RESULTS WAS led to mucosal inflammation, visceral hyperalgesia, and high intestinal motility. Oral administration of BBR inhibited the NF-κB signal transduction pathway, reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α], promoted the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β), and improved the terminal ileum tissue inflammation. BBR inhibited the expression of BDNF, TrkB, and C-kit in IBS rats, leading to the reduction of intestinal motility and visceral hypersensitivity. The therapeutic effect of BBR at a high dose (100 mg/kg) was superior to than that of the low-dose (25 mg/kg) group.
CONCLUSION BBR reduces intestinal mucosal inflammation by inhibiting the intestinal NF-κB signal pathway in the IBS rats. BBR reduces the expression of BDNF, its receptor TrkB, and C-kit. BBR also reduces intestinal motility and visceral sensitivity to achieve its therapeutic effect on IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chao Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan University of Second Clinical Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Municipal People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yong-Xin Cen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Foshan Gaoming Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Foshan 528500, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ben-Hua Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan University of Second Clinical Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Municipal People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Cheng Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan University of Second Clinical Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Municipal People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan University of Second Clinical Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Municipal People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - De-Feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan University of Second Clinical Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Municipal People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan University of Second Clinical Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Municipal People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ming-Han Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan University of Second Clinical Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Municipal People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Liangzi Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan University of Second Clinical Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Municipal People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying-Xue Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan University of Second Clinical Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Municipal People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li-Sheng Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan University of Second Clinical Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Municipal People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jian-Yao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen Children’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518026, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinan University of Second Clinical Medical Sciences, Shenzhen Municipal People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong Province, China
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Huang CS, Sun YH, Wang YT, Pan YH, Huang YC, Hsu CM, Tsai YF. Repeated transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation of nonspecific acupoints of the upper body attenuates stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity in rats. Auton Neurosci 2019; 220:102556. [PMID: 31331689 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2019.102556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common stress-related gastrointestinal disorder and visceral hypersensitivity (VH) is characteristically found in IBS patients. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) applied to certain acupoints has been shown to benefit IBS patients. Here, we investigated whether nonspecific acupoint is involved in the efficacy of TENS treatment for IBS. Twenty-five male rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups and one sham-control group. The four experimental groups were defined as TENS-RR, TENS-RL, TENS-LR, and TENS-LL based on the location of the two TENS patches [right (R) or left (L)]. The former and latter letter pairs indicate that the patch locations were the upper chest and upper back, respectively. The heterotypic intermittent stress (HIS) protocol was performed for 16 days. VH was assessed by electromyography to evaluate response to rectal distention (RD). Modulated medium-frequency TENS, sweep range 1-10 Hz, amplitude slightly above the supra motor threshold, was applied 30 min per day followed by RD every second day for the final 7 days of the 16-day HIS period. VH was induced after the rats had been subjected to HIS for 10 days. A significant reduction of VH was observed only in the TENS-LL group compared with that in the sham-control group. These data suggest that repeated TENS treatment can alleviate stress-induced VH in rats. Further, whether TENS patches are attached to the left or right side of the body, which are nonspecific acupoints for gastrointestinal functions, may be an important factor in the treatment of stress-associated gastrointestinal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Shin Huang
- Department of Research, Raphael Humanistic Clinic, 11 F, No. 49 Guan-Chien Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ya-Hui Sun
- Department of Research, Raphael Humanistic Clinic, 11 F, No. 49 Guan-Chien Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- Department of Research, Raphael Humanistic Clinic, 11 F, No. 49 Guan-Chien Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Hung Pan
- Department of Research, Raphael Humanistic Clinic, 11 F, No. 49 Guan-Chien Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ying-Chia Huang
- Department of Research, Raphael Humanistic Clinic, 11 F, No. 49 Guan-Chien Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chung-Ming Hsu
- Department of Research, Raphael Humanistic Clinic, 11 F, No. 49 Guan-Chien Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yuan-Feen Tsai
- Department of Research, Raphael Humanistic Clinic, 11 F, No. 49 Guan-Chien Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Jen-Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei 100, Taiwan, ROC.
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Yu D, Zhu J, Zhu M, Wei K, Chen Q, Wu X, Miao X, Lu Z. Inhibition of Mast Cell Degranulation Relieves Visceral Hypersensitivity Induced by Pancreatic Carcinoma in Mice. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 69:235-45. [PMID: 31201657 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer pain induced by pancreatic carcinoma is one of the most common symptoms and is difficult to endure, especially in the advanced stage. Evidence suggests that mast cells are recruited and degranulate in enteric disease-related visceral hypersensitivity. However, whether mast cells promote the visceral pain induced by pancreatic carcinoma remains unclear. Here, using toluidine blue staining and western blotting, we observed that mast cells were dramatically recruited to tissues surrounding pancreatic carcinoma, but not inside the carcinoma in patients with severe visceral pain. The levels of mast cell degranulation products, including tryptase, histamine, and nerve growth factor, were significantly increased in pericarcinoma tissues relative to their levels in normal controls, as evidenced by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We determined that systemic administration of mast cell secretagogue compound 48/80 exacerbated pancreatic carcinoma-induced visceral hypersensitivity in a male BALB/c nude mouse model as assessed by measuring the hunching behavior scores and mechanical withdrawal response frequency evoked by von Frey stimulation. In contrast, the mast cell stabilizer ketotifen dose-dependently alleviated pancreatic cancer pain. In addition, we observed incomplete development of abdominal mechanical hyperalgesia and hunching behavior in mast cell–deficient mice with pancreatic carcinoma. However, ketotifen did not further attenuate visceral hypersensitivity in mast cell–deficient mice with carcinoma. Finally, we confirmed that intraplantar injection of pericarcinoma supernatants from BALB/c nude mice but not mast cell–deficient mice caused acute somatic nociception. In conclusion, our findings suggest that mast cells contribute to pancreatic carcinoma-induced visceral hypersensitivity through enrichment and degranulation in pericarcinoma tissues. The inhibition of mast cell degranulation may be a potential strategy for the therapeutic treatment of pancreatic carcinoma-induced chronic visceral pain.
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Li YJ, Dai C, Jiang M. Mechanisms of Probiotic VSL#3 in a Rat Model of Visceral Hypersensitivity Involves the Mast Cell-PAR2-TRPV1 Pathway. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:1182-1192. [PMID: 30560330 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5416-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells (MCs), PAR2 and TRPV1, play a key role in the regulation of visceral pain. Several studies have found that probiotics regulate visceral sensitivity. AIMS The purpose of the current study was to explore the role of MC-PAR2-TRPV1 in VH and the mechanism of VSL#3 in a rat model of VH. METHODS A total of 64 rats were randomly divided into eight groups: Control VH, VH + ketotifen, VH + FSLLRY-NH2, VH + SB366791, VH + VSL#3, VH + VSL#3 + capsaicin, and VH + VSL#3 + SLIGRL-NH2. The rat model of VH was induced by acetic acid enema and the partial limb restraint method. VH was assessed by the abdominal withdrawal reflex score. MCs in colonic tissue were detected by the toluidine blue staining assay. The expression of PAR2 and TRPV1 in DRGs (L6-S1) was measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS The established VH was abolished by treatment with ketotifen, a mast cell stabilizer FSLLRY-NH2, a PAR2 antagonist SB366791 a TRPV1 antagonist, and probiotic VSL#3 in rats. The administration of ketotifen or probiotic VSL#3 caused a decrease in mast cell number in the colon and decreased PAR2 and TRPV1 expression in DRGs. Intrathecal injection of FSLLRY-NH2 or SB366791 caused decreased expression of PAR2 and/or TRPV1 in DRGs in VH rats. SLIGRL-NH2, a PAR2 agonist, and capsaicin, a TRPV1 agonist, blocked the effects of probiotic VSL#3. CONCLUSIONS The probiotic VSL#3 decreases VH in rat model of VH. The mechanism may be related with the mast cell-PAR2-TRPV1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jie Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, No. 92 of Beier Road, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110001, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Cong Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, No. 92 of Beier Road, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, No. 92 of Beier Road, Heping District, Shenyang City, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.
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Zhang Y, Qin G, Liu DR, Wang Y, Yao SK. Increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor is correlated with visceral hypersensitivity in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:269-281. [PMID: 30670915 PMCID: PMC6337018 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i2.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral hypersensitivity is considered to play a vital role in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Neurotrophins have drawn much attention in IBS recently. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was found to mediate visceral hypersensitivity via facilitating sensory nerve growth in pre-clinical studies. We hypothesized that BDNF might play a role in the pathogenesis of diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D).
AIM To investigate BDNF levels in IBS-D patients and its role in IBS-D pathophysiology.
METHODS Thirty-one IBS-D patients meeting the Rome IV diagnostic criteria and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited. Clinical and psychological assessments were first conducted using standardized questionnaires. Visceral sensitivity to rectal distension was tested using a high-resolution manometry system. Colonoscopic examination was performed and four mucosal pinch biopsies were taken from the rectosigmoid junction. Mucosal BDNF expression and nerve fiber density were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Mucosal BDNF mRNA levels were quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Correlations between these parameters were examined.
RESULTS The patients had a higher anxiety score [median (interquartile range), 6.0 (2.0-10.0) vs 3.0 (1.0-4.0), P = 0.003] and visceral sensitivity index score [54.0 (44.0-61.0) vs 21.0 (17.3-30.0), P < 0.001] than controls. The defecating sensation threshold [60.0 (44.0-80.0) vs 80.0 (61.0-100.0), P = 0.009], maximum tolerable threshold [103.0 (90.0-128.0) vs 182.0 (142.5-209.3), P < 0.001] and rectoanal inhibitory reflex threshold [30.0 (20.0-30.0) vs 30.0 (30.0-47.5), P = 0.032] were significantly lower in IBS-D patients. Intestinal mucosal BDNF protein [3.46E-2 (3.06E-2-4.44E-2) vs 3.07E-2 (2.91E-2-3.48E-2), P = 0.031] and mRNA [1.57 (1.31-2.61) vs 1.09 (0.74-1.42), P = 0.001] expression and nerve fiber density [4.12E-2 (3.07E-2-7.46E-2) vs 1.98E-2 (1.21E-2-4.25E-2), P = 0.002] were significantly elevated in the patients. Increased BDNF expression was positively correlated with abdominal pain and disease severity and negatively correlated with visceral sensitivity parameters.
CONCLUSION Elevated mucosal BDNF may participate in the pathogenesis of IBS-D via facilitating mucosal nerve growth and increasing visceral sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Geng Qin
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - De-Rong Liu
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shu-Kun Yao
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
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Chao G, Wang Y, Ye F, Zhang S. Regulation of Colonic Mucosal MicroRNA Expression via Multiple Targets in Visceral Hypersensitivity Rats by Tongxieyaofang. Yonsei Med J 2018; 59:945-950. [PMID: 30187701 PMCID: PMC6127421 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2018.59.8.945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to screen for differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) in the colons of rats with visceral hypersensitivity to build the expression profiles of miRNAs therein and to determine the mechanism of Tongxieyaofang use in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into four groups: control group, model control group (induced by rectum stimulus and evaluated by abdominal withdraw reaction), treatment control group (normal saline), and Tongxieyaofang group (treated with Tongxieyaofang). We screened for differential expression of colonic mucosal miRNAs using liquid chip technology and verified the expression thereof using reverse transcription-PCR. RESULTS The visceral hypersensitivity rat model was successfully established. We found the expression of let-7f, let-7i, miR-130b, miR-29a, miR-132, miR-21, and miR-375 to be up-regulated (p<0.05), while the expression of miR-24, miR-31a, miR-192, miR-221, and miR-223 was down-regulated (p<0.05) in the visceral hypersensitivity rats. After treatment with Tongxieyaofang, the expression of let-7f, let-7i, miR-130b, miR-29a, miR-132, miR-21, and miR-375 was reduced (p<0.05), whereas the expression of miR-24, miR-31a, miR-192, miR-221, miR-223 was increased, compared to the treatment control group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION MiRNAs play a pivotal role in visceral hypersensitivity and might be targets in the treatment of IBS by Tongxieyaofang.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Chao
- Department of Family Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangxu Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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