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Brown MJM, Walker BE, Budden AP, Nic Lughadha E. Re-evaluating the importance of threatened species in maintaining global phytoregions. New Phytol 2023; 240:1673-1686. [PMID: 37798820 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic introductions are known to be changing the structure of global phytogeographical regions (phytoregions), but previous studies have been limited by incomplete or biased data sets that are likely to underestimate the importance of threatened species. In this work, we analyse a comprehensive data set of all known species and their occurrences (at botanical country resolution) to quantify the impact of potential future extinction scenarios. We used Infomap, a network-based community detection algorithm, to generate phytoregional delineations for six species-distribution scenarios (native, introduced and extinctions of species that are either documented as threatened or likely to be threatened, as well as combinations thereof). We compared the numbers and sizes of phytoregions to characterise the amount and spatial distribution of changes in global phytoregions under each scenario. Extinctions of species that are predicted to be threatened had a greater homogenising effect on phytoregions than introductions, and there was some evidence that introductions may even mitigate the homogenisation caused by extinctions, though this interaction is complex. This research provides the first evidence that the loss of threatened species would have significant ramifications for global phytoregions and demonstrates the need to consider extinction processes in studies of anthropogenic effects on biodiversity patterns.
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2
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Romaniuk AA, Troalen LG, Bendrey R, Herman JS, Owen O, Smith C. Pests or prey? Micromammal species within an ancient anthropic environment at the Norse settlement site of Tuquoy (Westray, Orkney). R Soc Open Sci 2023; 10:221462. [PMID: 37035288 PMCID: PMC10073909 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.221462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Micromammals, like rodents and shrews, adapt rapidly to take advantage of new food sources, habitats and ecological niches, frequently thriving in anthropogenic environments. Their remains, often retrieved during archaeological investigations, can be a valuable source of information about the past environmental conditions as well as interspecies interactions and human activity. However, the research on such finds rarely covers multiple approaches, often relying on single species or data type (e.g. identification/information for proxy studies). Here we investigate micromammal remains from the Norse and medieval (AD tenth-fourteenth centuries) archaeological site at Tuquoy, Orkney, to elucidate the relationships between micromammals, humans and other species present using a variety of data. Four micromammal species were identified, and their species dynamics as well as relationships with humans could be inferred by tracking changes in spatial and temporal location of remains, from their taphonomic history and by age estimation for individual animals. A larger, predatory assemblage was also identified, with species composition differing from that in the rest of the archaeological assemblage, and possibly therefore representing small mammal species composition in the wild. The assemblage was probably deposited by a diurnal raptor, though identification to species is not certain due to post-depositional processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej A. Romaniuk
- School of History, Classics and Archaeology, The University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
- Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities, The University of Edinburgh, Hope Park Square, Edinburgh EH8 9NW, UK
| | - Lore G. Troalen
- Department of Collections Services, National Museums Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh EH1 1JF, UK
| | - Robin Bendrey
- School of History, Classics and Archaeology, The University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK
| | - Jeremy S. Herman
- Department of Natural Sciences, National Museums Scotland, Chambers Street, Edinburgh EH1 1JF, UK
| | - Olwyn Owen
- Institute of Archaeology, University of the Highlands and Islands, Orkney College, East Road, Kirkwall, Orkney KW15 1LX
| | - Catherine Smith
- Alder Archaeology Ltd, 55 South Methven Street, Perth PH1 5NX, UK
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3
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Richmond S, Mattingly V, Carmean M, Fieseler C, Pilgram-Kloppe K. Social introductions of multiple groups of dwarf mongooses (Helogaleparvula). Zoo Biol 2022; 41:582-587. [PMID: 35297515 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Protocols for managing dwarf mongooses (Helogaleparvula) in zoological institutions do not currently account for the introduction of separate social groups. The Association of Zoo and Aquarium Dwarf Mongoose Species Survival Program© and Saint Louis Zoo collaborated in the first documented introduction of multiple individuals spanning three separate social groups. Taking into consideration the social structure of this species, we developed a modified process for performing such an introduction. Neutral territories, olfactory introductions, visual introductions with limited physical contact ("howdy"), and keeper-animal relationship-building proved to be strong components leading to successful introductions. The result was a cohesive social group of four male and six female dwarf mongooses. This successful introduction is described and presented to provide a foundation for other institutions seeking to conduct similar introductions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Richmond
- Animal Division, River's Edge, Saint Louis Zoological Park, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Victoria Mattingly
- Animal Division, River's Edge, Saint Louis Zoological Park, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Mallory Carmean
- Department of Animal Health, Saint Louis Zoological Park, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Carol Fieseler
- Department of Animal Health, Saint Louis Zoological Park, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Katie Pilgram-Kloppe
- Animal Division, River's Edge, Saint Louis Zoological Park, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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4
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Babiker A, Martin MA, Marvil C, Bellman S, Petit III RA, Bradley HL, Stittleburg VD, Ingersoll J, Kraft CS, Li Y, Zhang J, Paden CR, Read TD, Waggoner JJ, Koelle K, Piantadosi A. Unrecognized introductions of SARS-CoV-2 into the US state of Georgia shaped the early epidemic. Virus Evol 2022; 8:veac011. [PMID: 35317348 PMCID: PMC8933693 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veac011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In early 2020, as diagnostic and surveillance responses for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ramped up, attention focused primarily on returning international travelers. Here, we build on existing studies characterizing early patterns of SARS-CoV-2 spread within the USA by analyzing detailed clinical, molecular, and viral genomic data from the state of Georgia through March 2020. We find evidence for multiple early introductions into Georgia, despite relatively sparse sampling. Most sampled sequences likely stemmed from a single or small number of introductions from Asia three weeks prior to the state's first detected infection. Our analysis of sequences from domestic travelers demonstrates widespread circulation of closely related viruses in multiple US states by the end of March 2020. Our findings indicate that the exclusive focus on identifying SARS-CoV-2 in returning international travelers early in the pandemic may have led to a failure to recognize locally circulating infections for several weeks and point toward a critical need for implementing rapid, broadly targeted surveillance efforts for future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Babiker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael A Martin
- Department of Biology, Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Population Biology, Ecology, and Evolution Graduate Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Charles Marvil
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Stephanie Bellman
- Environmental Health Sciences PhD Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Robert A Petit III
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Heath L Bradley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Victoria D Stittleburg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jessica Ingersoll
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Colleen S Kraft
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Clinton R Paden
- Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Timothy D Read
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jesse J Waggoner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Katia Koelle
- Department of Biology, Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anne Piantadosi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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5
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Castelán-Sánchez HG, Martínez-Castilla LP, Sganzerla-Martínez G, Torres-Flores J, López-Leal G. Genome Evolution and Early Introductions of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant in Mexico. Virus Evol 2022; 8:veac109. [PMID: 36582501 PMCID: PMC9793848 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veac109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A new variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), named Omicron (Pango lineage designation B.1.1.529), was first reported to the World Health Organization by South African health authorities on 24 November 2021. The Omicron variant possesses numerous mutations associated with increased transmissibility and immune escape properties. In November 2021, Mexican authorities reported Omicron's presence in the country. In this study, we infer the first introductory events of Omicron and the impact that human mobility has had on the spread of the virus. We also evaluated the adaptive evolutionary processes in Mexican SARS-CoV-2 genomes during the first month of the circulation of Omicron. We inferred 160 introduction events of Omicron in Mexico since its first detection in South Africa; subsequently, after the first introductions there was an evident increase in the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 during January. This higher prevalence of the novel variant resulted in a peak of reported cases; on average 6 weeks after, a higher mobility trend was reported. During the peak of cases in the country from January to February 2022, the Omicron BA.1.1 sub-lineage dominated, followed by the BA.1 and BA.15 sub-lineages. Additionally, we identified the presence of diversifying natural selection in the genomes of Omicron and found six non-synonymous mutations in the receptor binding domain of the spike protein, all of them related to evasion of the immune response. In contrast, the other proteins in the genome are highly conserved; however, we identified homoplasic mutations in non-structural proteins, indicating a parallel evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - León P Martínez-Castilla
- Programa de Investigadoras e Investigadores por México, Grupo de Genómica y Dinámica Evolutiva de Microorganismos Emergentes, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Crédito Constructor, Benito Juárez, Ciudad de México C.P. 03940, México
| | - Gustavo Sganzerla-Martínez
- Laboratory of Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, People’s Republic of China, No. 22 Xinling Road Shantou, Guangdong Province 515041, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, 5850 College street, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Jesús Torres-Flores
- Programa de Investigadoras e Investigadores por México, Grupo de Genómica y Dinámica Evolutiva de Microorganismos Emergentes, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Av. Insurgentes Sur 1582, Crédito Constructor, Benito Juárez, Ciudad de México C.P. 03940, México
- Laboratorio Nacional de Vacunología y Virus Tropicales, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas-IPN, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tómas, Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo CDMX C.P. 11340, México
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6
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Alpert T, Brito AF, Lasek-Nesselquist E, Rothman J, Valesano AL, MacKay MJ, Petrone ME, Breban MI, Watkins AE, Vogels CBF, Kalinich CC, Dellicour S, Russell A, Kelly JP, Shudt M, Plitnick J, Schneider E, Fitzsimmons WJ, Khullar G, Metti J, Dudley JT, Nash M, Beaubier N, Wang J, Liu C, Hui P, Muyombwe A, Downing R, Razeq J, Bart SM, Grills A, Morrison SM, Murphy S, Neal C, Laszlo E, Rennert H, Cushing M, Westblade L, Velu P, Craney A, Cong L, Peaper DR, Landry ML, Cook PW, Fauver JR, Mason CE, Lauring AS, St George K, MacCannell DR, Grubaugh ND. Early introductions and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7 in the United States. Cell 2021; 184:2595-2604.e13. [PMID: 33891875 PMCID: PMC8018830 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7, first detected in the United Kingdom, has become a global public health concern because of its increased transmissibility. Over 2,500 COVID-19 cases associated with this variant have been detected in the United States (US) since December 2020, but the extent of establishment is relatively unknown. Using travel, genomic, and diagnostic data, we highlight that the primary ports of entry for B.1.1.7 in the US were in New York, California, and Florida. Furthermore, we found evidence for many independent B.1.1.7 establishments starting in early December 2020, followed by interstate spread by the end of the month. Finally, we project that B.1.1.7 will be the dominant lineage in many states by mid- to late March. Thus, genomic surveillance for B.1.1.7 and other variants urgently needs to be enhanced to better inform the public health response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Alpert
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Anderson F Brito
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Erica Lasek-Nesselquist
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Jessica Rothman
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Andrew L Valesano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Mary E Petrone
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Mallery I Breban
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Anne E Watkins
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Chantal B F Vogels
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Chaney C Kalinich
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Simon Dellicour
- Spatial Epidemiology Lab (SpELL), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium; Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexis Russell
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - John P Kelly
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Matthew Shudt
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Jonathan Plitnick
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - Erasmus Schneider
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA
| | - William J Fitzsimmons
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianhui Wang
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Pei Hui
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Anthony Muyombwe
- Connecticut State Department of Public Health, Rocky Hill, CT 06067, USA
| | - Randy Downing
- Connecticut State Department of Public Health, Rocky Hill, CT 06067, USA
| | - Jafar Razeq
- Connecticut State Department of Public Health, Rocky Hill, CT 06067, USA
| | - Stephen M Bart
- Connecticut State Department of Public Health, Rocky Hill, CT 06067, USA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Ardath Grills
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | | | | | - Caleb Neal
- Murphy Medical Associates, Greenwich, CT 06830, USA
| | - Eva Laszlo
- Murphy Medical Associates, Greenwich, CT 06830, USA
| | - Hanna Rennert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Melissa Cushing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Lars Westblade
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Priya Velu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Arryn Craney
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Lin Cong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - David R Peaper
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Marie L Landry
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Peter W Cook
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Joseph R Fauver
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Christopher E Mason
- Tempus Labs, Chicago, IL 60654, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Adam S Lauring
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kirsten St George
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY 12208, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY 12222, USA.
| | | | - Nathan D Grubaugh
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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7
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Paradiso MM, Rismiller KP, Kaffenberger JA. Unconscious gender bias: A look at speaker introductions at the American Academy of Dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol 2021; 85:1652-1653. [PMID: 33428976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michela M Paradiso
- The Ohio State University Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kyle P Rismiller
- The Ohio State University Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jessica A Kaffenberger
- The Ohio State University Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbus, Ohio.
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8
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Gottwald T, Luo W, Posny D, Riley T, Louws F. A probabilistic census-travel model to predict introduction sites of exotic plant, animal and human pathogens. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 374:20180260. [PMID: 31104596 PMCID: PMC6558561 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
International travel offers an extensive network for new and recurring human-mediated introductions of exotic infectious pathogens and biota, freeing geographical constraints. We present a predictive census-travel model that integrates international travel with endpoint census data and epidemiological characteristics to predict points of introduction. Population demographics, inbound and outbound travel patterns, and quantification of source strength by country are combined to estimate and rank risk of introduction at user-scalable land parcel areas (e.g. state, county, zip code, census tract, gridded landscapes (1 mi2, 5 km2, etc.)). This risk ranking by parcel can be used to develop pathogen surveillance programmes, and has been incorporated in multiple US state/federal surveillance protocols. The census-travel model is versatile and independent of pathosystems, and applies a risk algorithm to generate risk maps for plant, human and animal contagions at different spatial scales. An interactive, user-friendly interface is available online (https://epi-models.shinyapps.io/Census_Travel/) to provide ease-of-use for regulatory agencies for early detection of high-risk exotics. The interface allows users to parametrize and run the model without knowledge of background code and underpinning data. This article is part of the theme issue 'Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: epidemic forecasting and control'. This theme issue is linked with the earlier issue 'Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: approaches and important themes'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Gottwald
- 1 US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service , Fort Pierce, FL 34945 , USA
| | - Weiqi Luo
- 1 US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service , Fort Pierce, FL 34945 , USA.,2 Center for Integrated Pest Management, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC 27695 , USA
| | - Drew Posny
- 1 US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service , Fort Pierce, FL 34945 , USA.,2 Center for Integrated Pest Management, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC 27695 , USA
| | - Tim Riley
- 3 US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service , Orlando, FL 32824 , USA
| | - Frank Louws
- 2 Center for Integrated Pest Management, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, NC 27695 , USA
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9
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Roy HE, Bacher S, Essl F, Adriaens T, Aldridge DC, Bishop JDD, Blackburn TM, Branquart E, Brodie J, Carboneras C, Cottier-Cook EJ, Copp GH, Dean HJ, Eilenberg J, Gallardo B, Garcia M, García‐Berthou E, Genovesi P, Hulme PE, Kenis M, Kerckhof F, Kettunen M, Minchin D, Nentwig W, Nieto A, Pergl J, Pescott OL, M. Peyton J, Preda C, Roques A, Rorke SL, Scalera R, Schindler S, Schönrogge K, Sewell J, Solarz W, Stewart AJA, Tricarico E, Vanderhoeven S, van der Velde G, Vilà M, Wood CA, Zenetos A, Rabitsch W. Developing a list of invasive alien species likely to threaten biodiversity and ecosystems in the European Union. Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:1032-1048. [PMID: 30548757 PMCID: PMC7380041 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The European Union (EU) has recently published its first list of invasive alien species (IAS) of EU concern to which current legislation must apply. The list comprises species known to pose great threats to biodiversity and needs to be maintained and updated. Horizon scanning is seen as critical to identify the most threatening potential IAS that do not yet occur in Europe to be subsequently risk assessed for future listing. Accordingly, we present a systematic consensus horizon scanning procedure to derive a ranked list of potential IAS likely to arrive, establish, spread and have an impact on biodiversity in the region over the next decade. The approach is unique in the continental scale examined, the breadth of taxonomic groups and environments considered, and the methods and data sources used. International experts were brought together to address five broad thematic groups of potential IAS. For each thematic group the experts first independently assembled lists of potential IAS not yet established in the EU but potentially threatening biodiversity if introduced. Experts were asked to score the species within their thematic group for their separate likelihoods of i) arrival, ii) establishment, iii) spread, and iv) magnitude of the potential negative impact on biodiversity within the EU. Experts then convened for a 2-day workshop applying consensus methods to compile a ranked list of potential IAS. From an initial working list of 329 species, a list of 66 species not yet established in the EU that were considered to be very high (8 species), high (40 species) or medium (18 species) risk species was derived. Here, we present these species highlighting the potential negative impacts and the most likely biogeographic regions to be affected by these potential IAS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Franz Essl
- Environment Agency AustriaViennaAustria
- Division of Conservation Biology, Vegetation Ecology and Landscape EcologyUniversity ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Tim Adriaens
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO)BrusselsBelgium
| | | | | | - Tim M. Blackburn
- University College LondonLondonUK
- Institute of ZoologyZoological Society of LondonLondonUK
| | | | | | - Carles Carboneras
- Royal Society for the Protection of BirdsThe LodgeSandyBedfordshireUK
| | | | - Gordon H. Copp
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture ScienceLowestoftUK
- Centre for Conservation EcologyBournemouth UniversityPooleUK
| | | | - Jørgen Eilenberg
- Department of Plant and Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDenmark
| | | | | | | | - Piero Genovesi
- Institute for Environmental Protection and Research ISPRA, and Chair IUCN SSC Invasive Species Specialist GroupRomeItaly
| | - Philip E. Hulme
- Bio-Protection Research CentreLincoln UniversityLincolnNew Zealand
| | | | - Francis Kerckhof
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS)OostendeBelgium
| | | | - Dan Minchin
- Marine Organism InvestigationsMarina Village, Ballina, KillaloeCo ClareIreland
| | | | | | - Jan Pergl
- Institute of BotanyThe Czech Academy of SciencesPrůhoniceCzech Republic
| | | | | | | | - Alain Roques
- Institut National de la Recherche AgronomiqueZoologie Forestière, UR 0633Ardon Orleans Cedex 2France
| | | | | | | | | | - Jack Sewell
- The LaboratoryThe Marine Biological AssociationPlymouthUK
| | - Wojciech Solarz
- Institute of Nature ConservationPolish Academy of SciencesKrakówPoland
| | | | | | | | - Gerard van der Velde
- Institute for Water and Wetland ResearchRadboud UniversityNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Naturalis Biodiversity CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Netherlands Centre of Expertise for Exotic Species (NEC‐E)NijmegenThe Netherlands
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10
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Díaz-Tapia P, Maggs CA, Macaya EC, Verbruggen H. Widely distributed red algae often represent hidden introductions, complexes of cryptic species or species with strong phylogeographic structure. J Phycol 2018; 54:829-839. [PMID: 30137690 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite studies suggesting that most seaweeds are poor dispersers, many red algal species are reported to have circumglobal distributions. Such distributions have mostly been based on morphological identifications, but molecular data have revealed a range of issues with morphologically defined species boundaries. Consequently, the real distribution of such reportedly circumglobal species must be questioned. In this study, we analyzed molecular data sets (rbcL gene) of nine species in the Rhodomelaceae for which samples were available from widely spaced geographical locations. Three overall patterns were identified: (i) species showing strong phylogeographic structure (i.e., phylogenetic similarity correlates with geographical provenance), often to the point that populations from different locations could be considered as different species (Lophosiphonia obscura, Ophidocladus simpliciusculus, Polysiphonia villum, and Xiphosiphonia pinnulata); (ii) species with a broad distribution that is explained, in part, by putative human-mediated transport (Symphyocladia dendroidea and Polysiphonia devoniensis); and (iii) non-monophyletic complexes of cryptic species, most with a more restricted distribution than previously thought (Herposiphonia tenella, Symphyocladia dendroidea, and the Xiphosiphonia pennata complex that includes the species Xiphosiphonia pinnulata and Symphyocladia spinifera). This study shows that widely distributed species are the exception in marine red algae, unless they have been spread by humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Díaz-Tapia
- Coastal Biology Research Group, Faculty of Sciences and Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (CICA), University of A Coruña, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Christine A Maggs
- Portaferry Marine Laboratory, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, BT22 1PF, UK
| | - Erasmo C Macaya
- Laboratorio de Estudios Algales (ALGALAB), Departamento de Oceanografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Island (ESMOI), Larrondo, 1281, Coquimbo, Chile
- Centro FONDAP de Investigaciones en Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Valdivia, Chile
| | - Heroen Verbruggen
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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11
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Rowson B, Paustian M, Goethem JV. New species and records of terrestrial slugs from East Africa (Gastropoda, Urocyclidae, Veronicellidae, Agriolimacidae). Zookeys 2018:11-42. [PMID: 29362525 PMCID: PMC5769721 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.723.21817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
New and little-known terrestrial slugs are dealt with based on extensive collections made in East Africa (Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda) 1993–2007. This account deals primarily with larger species from forests in the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania. In Veronicellidae, Pseudoveronicella Germain, 1908 is extended to Tanzania by P. (Hoffmannia) zootocatanzaniensissubsp. n. in the Udzungwa Mts. In Urocyclidae, Dendrolimaxparensissp. n. is described from the Pare Mts. and Leptichnoidesavisexcrementissp. n. is described from the Uluguru Mts. In Urocyclinae, Tanzalimaxtattersfieldigen. & sp. n. is described from the Usambara Mts., Tanzalimaxseddonaegen. & sp. n. from the Uluguru Mts., and Udzungwalimaxsuminisgen. & sp. n. from the Udzungwa Mts. In addition, the ill-defined genus Atrichotoxon Simroth, 1910 is discussed and the little-known Dendrolimaxleprosus Pollonera, 1906 is reported from Uganda. In Agriolimacidae, a species of Deroceras Rafinesque, 1820 is reported for the first time from southern Tanzania. The taxonomic attribution and significance of each discovery is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Rowson
- National Museum of Wales, Cathays Park, Cardiff, UK CF10 3NP
| | | | - Jackie Van Goethem
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
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12
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Abstract
Rationale and key points This article explores the process of introducing yourself to patients. This is an essential interaction because it forms the basis of the therapeutic nurse-patient relationship. ▶ Effective communication skills are essential to foster therapeutic nurse-patient relationships based on mutual trust and respect. ▶ It is important to consider both verbal and non-verbal communication in patient interactions. Reflective activity Clinical skills articles can help update your practice and ensure it remains evidence based. Apply this article to your practice. Reflect on and write a short account of: 1. How this article will change your practice when meeting patients for the first time. 2. How you could use this article to educate your colleagues. Subscribers can upload their reflective accounts at: rcni.com/portfolio .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mags Guest
- Faculty of Health and Social Care, University of Hull, Hull, England
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13
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Verspoor E, De Garcia Leániz C. Stocking success of Scottish Atlantic salmon in two Spanish rivers. J Fish Biol 1997; 51:1265-1269. [PMID: 29991157 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1997.tb01142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/1997] [Accepted: 07/05/1997] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A previous analysis of proportions of stocked and wild Atlantic salmon among angled fish in the Rivers Asón and Nansa in northern Spain based on the analysis of MEP-2* genotypes is extended. The results reinforce the initial conclusion that returns of stocked Scottish salmon are significantly lower than returns for wild fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Verspoor
- Marine Laboratory, P.O. Box 101, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, ScotlandDirectión Regional de Monies y Conservación de la Naturaleza, Rodriguez 5, 39071 Santander, Spain
| | - C De Garcia Leániz
- Marine Laboratory, P.O. Box 101, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, ScotlandDirectión Regional de Monies y Conservación de la Naturaleza, Rodriguez 5, 39071 Santander, Spain
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