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Goula K, Constantinidis T. Anthemissect.Hiorthia (Asteraceae) on Kriti Island, Greece: high ploidy levels and a new species. PhytoKeys 2023; 229:113-129. [PMID: 37485009 PMCID: PMC10359916 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.229.102703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
A morphological and karyological investigation of the Anthemissect.Hiorthia representatives of Kriti (Greece) revealed that three different species are found on the island, all endemic, and each characterised by a different ploidy level based on the haploid series of x = 9. Anthemisabrotanifolia, the species with the widest distribution, is tetraploid with 2n = 4x = 36. A.samariensis, a local endemic of the Lefka Ori, was found being decaploid, with 2n = 10x = 90, the highest number ever recorded in Anthemis. The recently discovered population on Mt. Kedros (south-central Kriti) is morphologically distinct from all the Anthemis entities growing on Kriti; it also differs from the variable and widespread A.cretica group. It is here described as a new species, A.pasiphaes Goula & Constantinidis. It is a hexaploid, with 2n = 6x = 54. All chromosome numbers are reported for the first time. Polyploidy might have acted as a reproductive barrier among these perennial species, complementing isolation by spatial distance and evolutionary divergence. Further, it might have contributed adaptation advantages to these three predominately mountain species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Goula
- Section of Ecology & Systematics, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15784 Athens, GreeceNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Theophanis Constantinidis
- Section of Ecology & Systematics, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15784 Athens, GreeceNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
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2
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Koçyiğit M, Salmeri C, Özhatay N, Kaya E, Brullo S. Allium sphaeronixum (Amaryllidaceae), A New Species from Turkey. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12112074. [PMID: 37299055 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, Allium sphaeronixum, a new species of the sect. Codonoprasum from Turkey, is described and illustrated. The new species is endemic to Central Anatolia, limited to the area of Nevşehir, where it grows on sandy or rocky soil at an elevation of 1000-1300 m a.s.l. Its morphology, phenology, karyology, leaf anatomy, seed testa micromorphology, chorology, and conservation status are examined in detail. The taxonomic relationships with the closest allied species, A. staticiforme and A. myrianthum, are also highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Koçyiğit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazıt, TR-34452 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cristina Salmeri
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Via Archirafi 38, 90123 Palermo, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina 61 (c/o palazzo Steri), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Neriman Özhatay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Beyazıt, TR-34452 Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi, 98628 Famagusta, Cyprus
| | - Erdal Kaya
- Atatürk Central Horticultural Research Institute, 77102 Yalova, Turkey
| | - Salvatore Brullo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via A. Longo 19, 95125 Catania, Italy
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3
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Goula K, Touloumis K, Dimopoulos P, Constantinidis T. A Morphometric and Karyological Study of the Anthemis macedonica Group (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) Reveals a New Species from Greece. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:3006. [PMID: 36365459 PMCID: PMC9656085 DOI: 10.3390/plants11213006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A recent study of the Anthemis collections in the Balkans indicated that the taxa of the Anthemis macedonica group (A. macedonica subsp. macedonica, A. macedonica subsp. thracica, A. meteorica, A. orbelica) exhibit noteworthy morphological patterns not evaluated before. We applied morphometric approaches (principal components analysis, PCA; factor analysis on mixed data, FAMD) by considering 19 qualitative and 20 quantitative morphological characters, together with three ratios, in 26 populations of this group. Furthermore, the chromosome numbers and karyotype morphology were investigated in eight populations of the group, covering the taxa participating in the study. Our results revealed that the southernmost populations of the group represent a hitherto unknown species confined to serpentine: it is described here as Anthemis serpentinica Goula & Constantinidis. The morphological evidence supports the proximity of A. macedonica and A. orbelica, which would be better considered as subspecific entities of the same species. On the contrary, A. meteorica and A. thracica are retained as independent entities at species level. All taxa share the same diploid chromosome number of 2n = 2x = 18 with similar but not identical karyotypes. A brief description of all taxa, based on recent new collections, and a dichotomous key are presented. Lectotypes are designated for Anthemis macedonica and A. meteorica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Goula
- Section of Ecology and Systematics, Department of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Touloumis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DIMITRA, Fisheries Research Institute, Nea Peramos, 64007 Kavala, Greece
| | - Panayotis Dimopoulos
- Laboratory of Botany, Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Theophanis Constantinidis
- Section of Ecology and Systematics, Department of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, 15784 Athens, Greece
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Mehravi S, Ranjbar GA, Najafi-Zarrini H, Mirzaghaderi G, Hanifei M, Severn-Ellis AA, Edwards D, Batley J. Karyology and Genome Size Analyses of Iranian Endemic Pimpinella (Apiaceae) Species. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:898881. [PMID: 35783941 PMCID: PMC9240749 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.898881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Pimpinella species are annual, biennial, and perennial semibushy aromatic plants cultivated for folk medicine, pharmaceuticals, food, and spices. The karyology and genome size of 17 populations of 16 different Pimpinella species collected from different locations in Iran were analyzed for inter-specific karyotypic and genome size variations. For karyological studies, root tips were squashed and painted with a DAPI solution (1 mg/ml). For flow cytometric measurements, fresh leaves of the standard reference (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Stupick, 2C DNA = 1.96 pg) and the Pimpinella samples were stained with propidium iodide. We identified two ploidy levels: diploid (2x) and tetraploid (4x), as well as five metaphase chromosomal counts of 18, 20, 22, 24, and 40. 2n = 24 is reported for the first time in the Pimpinella genus, and the presence of a B-chromosome is reported for one species. The nuclear DNA content ranged from 2C = 2.48 to 2C = 5.50 pg, along with a wide range of genome sizes between 1212.72 and 2689.50 Mbp. The average monoploid genome size and the average value of 2C DNA/chromosome were not proportional to ploidy. There were considerable positive correlations between 2C DNA and total chromatin length and total chromosomal volume. The present study results enable us to classify the genus Pimpinella with a high degree of morphological variation in Iran. In addition, cytological studies demonstrate karyotypic differences between P. anthriscoides and other species of Pimpinella, which may be utilized as a novel identification key to affiliate into a distinct, new genus - Pseudopimpinella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Mehravi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
| | - Gholam Ali Ranjbar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
| | - Hamid Najafi-Zarrini
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran
| | - Ghader Mirzaghaderi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Kurdistan, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hanifei
- Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - David Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Wang L, Chen JZ, Dong ZM, Chen GW, Sluys R, Liu DZ. Two new species of Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from the tropical monsoon forest in southern China. Zookeys 2021; 1059:89-116. [PMID: 34594150 PMCID: PMC8443540 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1059.65633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new species of the genus Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from the tropical monsoon forest in southern China are described on the basis of an integrative taxonomic study involving morphology, karyology, histology, and molecular analyses. The new species Dugesiacircumcisa Chen & Dong, sp. nov. is characterised by asymmetrical openings of the oviducts; right vas deferens opening at anterior portion of the seminal vesicle and the left one opening at mid-lateral portion of the seminal vesicle; two diaphragms in ejaculatory duct, the latter being ventrally displaced and opening at the tip of the penis papilla, which is provided with a nozzle; wide duct connecting male atrium and common atrium; chromosome complement triploid with 24 metacentric chromosomes. The other new species, Dugesiaverrucula Chen & Dong, sp. nov., is characterised by the large size of the living worm, usually exceeding 3.5 cm in length; asymmetrical openings of the oviducts; subterminal opening of ventrally displaced ejaculatory duct; vasa deferentia symmetrically opening into the postero-lateral portion of the seminal vesicle; well-developed duct between the seminal vesicle and diaphragm; single dorsal bump near the root of the penis papilla; bursal canal with pleated wall and spacious posterior section; unstalked cocoons; chromosome complement diploid with 16 metacentric chromosomes. Inter-specific molecular distances and their positions in the phylogenetic tree reveal that D.circumcisa and D.verrucula are clearly separated from their congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China Henan Normal University Xinxiang China.,Medical College, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China Naturalis Biodiversity Center Leiden Netherlands
| | - Jin-Zi Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China Henan Normal University Xinxiang China
| | - Zi-Mei Dong
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China Henan Normal University Xinxiang China
| | - Guang-Wen Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China Henan Normal University Xinxiang China
| | - Ronald Sluys
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, The Netherlands Xinxiang University Xinxiang China
| | - De-Zeng Liu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China Henan Normal University Xinxiang China
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Wang L, Dong ZM, Chen GW, Sluys R, Liu DZ. Integrative descriptions of two new species of Dugesia from Hainan Island, China (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae). Zookeys 2021; 1028:1-28. [PMID: 33883965 PMCID: PMC8041735 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1028.60838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new species of the genus Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from Hainan Island of China are described on the basis of morphological, karyological and molecular data. Dugesiasemiglobosa Chen & Dong, sp. nov. is mainly characterized by a hemispherical, asymmetrical penis papilla with ventrally displaced ejaculatory duct opening terminally at tip of penis papilla; vasa deferentia separately opening into mid-dorsal portion of intrabulbar seminal vesicle; two diaphragms in the ejaculatory duct; copulatory bursa formed by expansion of bursal canal, lined with complex stratified epithelium, which projects through opening in bursa towards intestine, without having open communication with the gut; mixoploid chromosome complement diploid (2n = 16) and triploid (3n = 24), with metacentric chromosomes. Dugesiamajuscula Chen & Dong, sp. nov. is mainly characterized by oviducts opening asymmetrically into female reproductive system; hyperplasic ovaries; expanded posterior section of bursal canal; vasa deferentia separately opening into mid-dorsal portion of seminal vesicle; asymmetrical penis papilla due to ventral course of ejaculatory duct, which has subterminal and dorsal opening at tip papilla; mixoploid chromosome complement diploid (2n = 16) and triploid (3n = 24); chromosomes metacentric. Apart from their anatomy, separate species status of the two new species is supported also by their genetic distances and by their positions in the phylogenetic tree. The sexualization process may have been induced by the lower temperatures, in comparison with their natural habitat, under which the worms were cultured in the laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China Henan Normal University Xinxiang China.,Medical College, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang 453003, China Naturalis Biodiversity Center Leiden Netherlands
| | - Zi-Mei Dong
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China Henan Normal University Xinxiang China
| | - Guang-Wen Chen
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China Henan Normal University Xinxiang China
| | - Ronald Sluys
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, the Netherlands Xinxiang University Xinxiang China
| | - De-Zeng Liu
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007 Henan, China Henan Normal University Xinxiang China
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Bogdanović S, Brullo S, Salmeri C. Loncomelos koprulense (Asparagaceae), a new species from southern Turkey. PhytoKeys 2021; 175:33-44. [PMID: 33814950 PMCID: PMC7997860 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.175.62037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A new species, Loncomelos koprulense (Asparagaceae), is described and illustrated from southern Turkey. It is a very rare endemic species growing on small semi-rocky escarpments within the Köprülü Kanyon in the province of Antalya. Morphologically for its hairy leaves, L. koprulense shows some relationships with L. malatyanum and L. tardum, species localized in Anatolia too. The chromosome number of the new species is 2n = 2x = 22. Geographical distribution map for L. koprulense, L. malatyanum and L. tardum is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Bogdanović
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Botany, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, CroatiaCentre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant BreedingZagrebCroatia
| | - Salvatore Brullo
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Catania, Via A. Longo 19, 95125 Catania, ItalyUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Cristina Salmeri
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), Palermo University, Via Archirafi 38, 90123 Palermo, ItalyPalermo UniversityPalermoItaly
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8
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Šťáhlavský F, Kovařík F, Stockmann M, Opatova V. Karyotype evolution and preliminary molecular assessment of genera in the family Scorpiopidae (Arachnida: Scorpiones). ZOOLOGY 2021; 144:125882. [PMID: 33278760 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2020.125882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The scorpions represent an ancient and morphologically conserved order of arachnids. Despite that, their karyotypes may differ considerably even among closely related species. In this study, we identify the trends of the karyotype evolution in the family Scorpiopidae based on integrating cytogenetic data and multi-locus molecular phylogenetic approaches. We detected considerable variability in diploid numbers of chromosomes (from 48 to 147), 18S rRNA gene cluster positions (from terminal to pericentromeric) at the interspecific level. Moreover, we identified independent fusions, fissions and inversions in the evolution of the family Scorpiopidae, leading to a remarkable diversification of the karyotypes. The dynamic system of the karyotype changes in this group is further documented by the presence of interstitial telomeric sequences (ITS) in two species. The cytogenetic differences observed among the analyzed species highlight the potential of this type of data for species-level taxonomy in scorpion lineages with monocentric chromosomes. Additionally, the results of our phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of the family Scorpiopidae, but rendered several genera para- or polyphyletic.
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Sidhom M, Said K, Chatti N, Guarino FM, Odierna G, Petraccioli A, Picariello O, Mezzasalma M. Karyological characterization of the common chameleon (Chamaeleo chamaeleon) provides insights on the evolution and diversification of sex chromosomes in Chamaeleonidae. ZOOLOGY 2020; 141:125738. [PMID: 32291142 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2019.125738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chameleons display high karyological diversity in chromosome number (from 2n = 20 to 62), morphology, heterochromatin distribution and location of specific chromosomal markers, making them unique study models in evolutionary cytogenetics. However, most available cytogenetic data are limited to the description of the chromosome number and morphology. Concerning sex chromosomes, our knowledge is limited to ZZ/ZW and Z1Z1Z2Z2/Z1Z2W systems in the genus Furcifer and the isolation of sex-linked, male-specific, sequences in Chamaeleo calyptratus, but the putative XY chromosomes have still to be identified in Chamaeleo and the conservation of male heterogamety in the genus needs confirmation from other species. In this study we performed a molecular and a cytogenetic analysis on C. chamaeleon, using standard, banding methods and molecular cytogenetics to provide a throughout karyological characterization of the species and to identify and locate the putative XY chromosomes. We confirm that the chromosome formula of the species is 2n = 24, with 12 metacentric macrochromosomes, 12 microchromosomes and NORs on the second chromosome pair. Heterochromatin was detected as weak C-bands on centromeric regions, differently from what was previously reported for C. calyptratus. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed the occurrence of interspersed telomeric signals on most macrochromosomes, suggesting that ancient chromosome fusions may have led to a reduction of the chromosome number. Using a combination of molecular and FISH analyses, we proved that male specific Restriction site-Associated DNA sequences (RADseq) isolated in C. calyptratus are conserved in C. chamaeleon and located the putative XY chromosomes on the second chromosome pair. We also identified different transposable elements in the focal taxa, which are highly interspersed on most chromosome pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Sidhom
- Laboratoire de Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Avenue Taher Hadded (B.P 74), Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
| | - Khaled Said
- Laboratoire de Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Avenue Taher Hadded (B.P 74), Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
| | - Noureddine Chatti
- Laboratoire de Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Avenue Taher Hadded (B.P 74), Monastir, 5000, Tunisia
| | - Fabio M Guarino
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Gaetano Odierna
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Agnese Petraccioli
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Orfeo Picariello
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126, Napoli, Italy
| | - Marcello Mezzasalma
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Cinthia 26, 80126, Napoli, Italy; Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK.
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10
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Suzuki S, Miyake S, Arai K, Munehara H. Unisexual hybrids break through an evolutionary dead end by two-way backcrossing. Evolution 2020; 74:392-403. [PMID: 31873961 DOI: 10.1111/evo.13903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Unisexual vertebrates (i.e., those produced through clonal or hemiclonal reproduction) are typically incapable of purging deleterious mutations, and, as a result, are considered short-lived in evolutionary terms. In hemiclonal reproduction (hybridogenesis), one parental genome is eliminated during oogenesis, producing haploid eggs containing the genome of a single parent. Hemiclonal hybrids are usually produced by backcrossing hemiclonal hybrids with males of the paternal species. When hemiclonal hybrids from a genus of greenlings (Hexagrammos) are crossed with males of the maternal species, the progeny are phenotypically similar to the maternal species and produce recombinant gametes by regular meiosis. The present study was conducted to determine if the hemiclonal genome is returned to the gene pool of the maternal species in the wild. Using a specific cytogenetic marker to discriminate between such progeny and the maternal species, we observed that Hexagrammos hybrids mated with maternal and paternal ancestors at the same frequency. This two-way backcrossing in which clonal genomes are returned to the gene pool where they can undergo recombination plays an important role in increasing the genetic variability of the hemiclonal genome and reducing the extinction risk. In this way, hybrid lineages may have survived longer than predicted through occasional recombinant generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Suzuki
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.,Usujiri Fisheries Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-1613, Japan
| | - Shota Miyake
- Tokyo Metropolitan Ogasawara Fisheries Center, Tokyo, 100-2101, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Arai
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Munehara
- Usujiri Fisheries Station, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-1613, Japan
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11
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Abstract
The eye stalks in Diopsidae (Bilberg, 1820) have been widely examined, but the evolutionary origin of this unique trait remains unclear. Thus, further studies of Sphiracephala (Say, 1828), the extant genus forming a basal branch of Diopsinae, are needed. The present study aimed to identify the karyotype of Sphyracephala detrahens (Walker, 1860) with conventional Giemsa staining. Cytogenetic analysis revealed a diploid number of 2n = 10 including two pairs of metacentric chromosomes, a pair of telocentric chromosomes, a pair of dot-like chromosomes, and a pair of sex chromosomes in S. detrahens. The congener Sphyracephala brevicornis (Say, 1817) has been reported to have the same diploid number, 2n = 10, but different chromosome formula. These results demonstrate that chromosome rearrangements often occur in the genus Sphyracephala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Kudo
- Department of Biological Sciences School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minamiohsawa 1-1, Hachiohji-shi, Tokyo 192-0397, JapanTokyo Metropolitan UniversityTokyoJapan
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12
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Macháčková P, Majeský Ľ, Hroneš M, Hřibová E, Bohumil Trávníček, Vašut RJ. New chromosome counts and genome size estimates for 28 species of Taraxacum sect. Taraxacum. Comp Cytogenet 2018; 12:403-420. [PMID: 30275930 PMCID: PMC6160755 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v12i3.27307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The species-rich and widespread genus Taraxacum F. H. Wiggers, 1780 (Asteraceae subfamily Cichorioideae) is one of the most taxonomically complex plant genera in the world, mainly due to its combination of different sexual and asexual reproduction strategies. Polyploidy is usually confined to apomictic microspecies, varying from 3x to 6x (rarely 10x). In this study, we focused on Taraxacum sect. Taraxacum (= T.sect.Ruderalia; T.officinale group), i.e., the largest group within the genus. We counted chromosome numbers and measured the DNA content for species sampled in Central Europe, mainly in Czechia. The chromosome number of the 28 species (T.aberrans Hagendijk, Soest & Zevenbergen, 1974, T.atroviride Štěpánek & Trávníček, 2008, T.atrox Kirschner & Štěpánek, 1997, T.baeckiiforme Sahlin, 1971, T.chrysophaenum Railonsala, 1957, T.coartatum G.E. Haglund, 1942, T.corynodes G.E. Haglund, 1943, T.crassum H. Øllgaard & Trávníček, 2003, T.deltoidifrons H. Øllgaard, 2003, T.diastematicum Marklund, 1940, T.gesticulans H. Øllgaard, 1978, T.glossodon Sonck & H. Øllgaard, 1999, T.guttigestans H. Øllgaard in Kirschner & Štěpánek, 1992, T.huelphersianum G.E. Haglund, 1935, T.ingens Palmgren, 1910, T.jugiferum H. Øllgaard, 2003, T.laticordatum Marklund, 1938, T.lojoense H. Lindberg, 1944 (= T.debrayi Hagendijk, Soest & Zevenbergen, 1972, T.lippertianum Sahlin, 1979), T.lucidifrons Trávníček, ineditus, T.obtusifrons Marklund, 1938, T.ochrochlorum G.E. Haglund, 1942, T.ohlsenii G.E. Haglund, 1936, T.perdubium Trávníček, ineditus, T.praestabile Railonsala, 1962, T.sepulcrilobum Trávníček, ineditus, T.sertatum Kirschner, H. Øllgaard & Štěpánek, 1997, T.subhuelphersianum M.P. Christiansen, 1971, T.valens Marklund, 1938) is 2n = 3x = 24. The DNA content ranged from 2C = 2.60 pg (T.atrox) to 2C = 2.86 pg (T.perdubium), with an average value of 2C = 2.72 pg. Chromosome numbers are reported for the first time for 26 species (all but T.diastematicum and T.obtusifrons), and genome size estimates for 26 species are now published for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Macháčková
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech RepublicPalacký University in OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Ľuboš Majeský
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech RepublicPalacký University in OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Michal Hroneš
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech RepublicPalacký University in OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Eva Hřibová
- Institute of Experimental Botany, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Šlechtitelů 31, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech RepublicCentre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural ResearchOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Bohumil Trávníček
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech RepublicPalacký University in OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
| | - Radim J. Vašut
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech RepublicPalacký University in OlomoucOlomoucCzech Republic
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D'Ambrosio U, Alonso-Lifante MP, Barros K, Kovařík A, Mas de Xaxars G, Garcia S. B-chrom: a database on B-chromosomes of plants, animals and fungi. New Phytol 2017; 216:635-642. [PMID: 28742254 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ugo D'Ambrosio
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB), Passeig del Migdia s/n, Barcelona 08038, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Pilar Alonso-Lifante
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB), Passeig del Migdia s/n, Barcelona 08038, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Karina Barros
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB), Passeig del Migdia s/n, Barcelona 08038, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Aleš Kovařík
- Institute of Biophysics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno CZ-61265, Czech Republic
| | - Gemma Mas de Xaxars
- Laboratori de Botànica (UB), Unitat Associada al CSIC, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s.n., Barcelona 08028, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Sònia Garcia
- Institut Botànic de Barcelona (IBB-CSIC-ICUB), Passeig del Migdia s/n, Barcelona 08038, Catalonia, Spain
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Boedeker C, O'Kelly CJ, West JA, Hanyuda T, Neale A, Wakana I, Wilcox MD, Karsten U, Zuccarello GC. Molecular phylogeny and taxonomic revision of the genus Wittrockiella (Pithophoraceae, Cladophorales), including the descriptions of W. australis sp. nov. and W. zosterae sp. nov. J Phycol 2017; 53:522-540. [PMID: 28295311 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Wittrockiella is a small genus of filamentous green algae that occurs in habitats with reduced or fluctuating salinities. Many aspects of the basic biology of these algae are still unknown and the phylogenetic relationships within the genus have not been fully explored. We provide a phylogeny based on three ribosomal markers (ITS, LSU, and SSU rDNA) of the genus, including broad intraspecific sampling for W. lyallii and W. salina, recommendations for the use of existing names are made, and highlight aspects of their physiology and life cycle. Molecular data indicate that there are five species of Wittrockiella. Two new species, W. australis and W. zosterae, are described, both are endophytes. Although W. lyallii and W. salina can be identified morphologically, there are no diagnostic morphological characters to distinguish between W. amphibia, W. australis, and W. zosterae. A range of low molecular weight carbohydrates were analyzed but proved to not be taxonomically informative. The distribution range of W. salina is extended to the Northern Hemisphere as this species has been found in brackish lakes in Japan. Furthermore, it is shown that there are no grounds to recognize W. salina var. kraftii, which was described as an endemic variety from a freshwater habitat on Lord Howe Island, Australia. Culture experiments indicate that W. australis has a preference for growth in lower salinities over full seawater. For W. amphibia and W. zosterae, sexual reproduction is documented, and the split of these species is possibly attributable to polyploidization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Boedeker
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Charles J O'Kelly
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, Washington, 98250, USA
| | - John A West
- School of Biosciences 2, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, 3010, Australia
| | - Takeaki Hanyuda
- Kobe University Research Center for Inland Seas, Rokkodai, Nadaku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Adele Neale
- School of Biosciences 2, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic, 3010, Australia
| | - Isamu Wakana
- Lake Akan Eco-Museum Center, Akano-onsen 1-1-1, Akan, Hokkaido, 085-0467, Japan
| | - Mike D Wilcox
- Botany Department, Auckland Museum, Private Bag 92018, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ulf Karsten
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Applied Ecology & Phycology, University of Rostock, D-18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Giuseppe C Zuccarello
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
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Solà E, Sluys R, Segev O, Blaustein L, Riutort M. The taxonomic status of Dugesiabiblica from Israel and Turkey (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae). Zookeys 2015:1-12. [PMID: 26085791 PMCID: PMC4467178 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.506.9663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The taxonomic status of Dugesiabiblica (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from Israel and Turkey is problematic due to its morphological similarity with Dugesiasicula since these nominal species present overlapping characters. In this study we analyzed histological preparations of specimens of these two nominal species and also compared mitochondrial COI gene sequences from Israeli populations to the already known haplotype composition of Dugesiasicula. We concluded that these animals belong to the same species and therefore we consider Dugesiabiblica to be a junior synonym of Dugesiasicula. This implies that the distribution range of Dugesiasicula is even wider than previously thought, and that the species is present all around the Mediterranean Basin and on many of its islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Solà
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ronald Sluys
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ori Segev
- Department of Evolutionary & Environmental Biology and Institute of Evolution, Faculty of Sciences, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Leon Blaustein
- Department of Evolutionary & Environmental Biology and Institute of Evolution, Faculty of Sciences, University of Haifa, 3498838, Haifa, Israel
| | - Marta Riutort
- Departament de Genètica, Facultat de Biologia and Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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Stocchino GA, Sluys R, Manconi R. A new and aberrant species of Dugesia (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) from Madagascar. Zookeys 2014:71-88. [PMID: 25147450 PMCID: PMC4137307 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.425.7811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper we report a new species of Dugesia of the family Dugesiidae from Madagascar, representing the fourth species of freshwater planarian known from this global biodiversity hotspot. In some respects the new species is aberrant, when compared with its congeners, being characterized by a head with smoothly rounded auricles, a peculiar course of the oviducts, including the presence of a common posterior extension, and by the asymmetrical openings of the vasa deferentia at about halfway along the seminal vesicle. Further, it is characterized by a ventral course of the ejaculatory duct with a terminal opening, very long spermiducal vesicles and unstalked cocoons. Its diploid chromosome complement with 18 chromosomes represents an uncommon feature among fissiparous species of Dugesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacinta Angela Stocchino
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio, Via Muroni 25, University of Sassari, I-07100, Italy
| | - Ronald Sluys
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Renata Manconi
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio, Via Muroni 25, University of Sassari, I-07100, Italy
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Pyšek P, Hulme PE, Meyerson LA, Smith GF, Boatwright JS, Crouch NR, Figueiredo E, Foxcroft LC, Jarošík V, Richardson DM, Suda J, Wilson JRU. Hitting the right target: taxonomic challenges for, and of, plant invasions. AoB Plants 2013; 5:plt042. [PMCID: PMC4455668 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plt042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Taxonomic resources are essential for the effective management of invasive plants because biosecurity strategies, legislation dealing with invasive species, quarantine, weed surveillance and monitoring all depend on accurate and rapid identification of non-native taxa, and incorrect identifications can impede ecological studies. On the other hand, biological invasions have provided important tests of basic theories about species concepts. Modern taxonomy therefore needs to integrate both classical and new concepts and approaches to improve the accuracy of species identification and further refine taxonomic classification at the level of populations and genotypes in the field and laboratory. This paper explores how a lack of taxonomic expertise, and by implication a dearth of taxonomic products such as identification tools, has hindered progress in understanding and managing biological invasions. It also explores how the taxonomic endeavour could benefit from studies of invasive species. We review the literature on the current situation in taxonomy with a focus on the challenges of identifying alien plant species and explore how this has affected the study of biological invasions. Biosecurity strategies, legislation dealing with invasive species, quarantine, weed surveillance and monitoring all depend on accurate and rapid identification of non-native taxa. However, such identification can be challenging because the taxonomic skill base in most countries is diffuse and lacks critical mass. Taxonomic resources are essential for the effective management of invasive plants and incorrect identifications can impede ecological studies. On the other hand, biological invasions have provided important tests of basic theories about species concepts. Better integration of classical alpha taxonomy and modern genetic taxonomic approaches will improve the accuracy of species identification and further refine taxonomic classification at the level of populations and genotypes in the field and laboratory. Modern taxonomy therefore needs to integrate both classical and new concepts and approaches. In particular, differing points of view between the proponents of morphological and molecular approaches should be negotiated because a narrow taxonomic perspective is harmful; the rigour of taxonomic decision-making clearly increases if insights from a variety of different complementary disciplines are combined and confronted. Taxonomy plays a critical role in the study of plant invasions and in turn benefits from the insights gained from these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Pyšek
- Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Philip E. Hulme
- The Bio-Protection Research Centre, Lincoln University, PO Box 84, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Laura A. Meyerson
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, 1 Greenhouse Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Gideon F. Smith
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Biosystematics Research and Biodiversity Collections Division, Private Bag X101, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- H. G. W. J. Schweickerdt Herbarium, Department of Plant Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade de Coimbra, 3001-455 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - James S. Boatwright
- Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Belville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Neil R. Crouch
- Ethnobotany Unit, South African National Biodiversity Institute, PO Box 52099, 4007 Berea Road, Durban, South Africa
- School of Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Estrela Figueiredo
- Centre for Functional Ecology, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade de Coimbra, 3001-455 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Botany, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | - Llewellyn C. Foxcroft
- Conservation Services, South African National Parks, Skukuza 1350, South Africa
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Vojtěch Jarošík
- Institute of Botany, Department of Invasion Ecology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David M. Richardson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Jan Suda
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, CZ-128 01 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany, Laboratory of Flow Cytometry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - John R. U. Wilson
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, Invasive Species Programme, Claremont 7735, South Africa
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Daviña JR, Grabiele M, Cerutti JC, Hojsgaard DH, Almada RD, Insaurralde IS, Honfi AI. Chromosome studies in Orchidaceae from Argentina. Genet Mol Biol 2009; 32:811-21. [PMID: 21637459 PMCID: PMC3036907 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572009005000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The center of diversity of Argentinean orchids is in the northeast region of the country. Chromosome numbers and karyotype features of 43 species belonging to 28 genera are presented here. Five chromosome records are the first ones at the genus level; these taxa are Aspidogyne kuckzinskii (2n = 42), Eurystyles actinosophila (2n = 56), Skeptrostachys paraguayensis (2n = 46), Stigmatosema polyaden (2n = 40) and Zygostates alleniana (2n = 54). In addition, a chromosome number is presented for the first time for 15 species: Corymborkis flava (2n = 56), Cyclopogon callophyllus (2n = 28), C. oliganthus (2n = 64), Cyrtopodium hatschbachii (2n = 46), C. palmifrons (2n = 46), Galeandra beyrichii (2n = 54), Habenaria bractescens (2n = 44), Oncidium edwallii (2n = 42), O. fimbriatum (2n = 56), O. pubes (2n = 84), O. riograndense (2n = 56), Pelexia ekmanii (2n = 46), P. lindmanii (2n = 46) and Warrea warreana (2n = 48). For Oncidium longicornu (2n = 42), O. divaricatum (2n = 56) and Sarcoglottis fasciculata (2n = 46+1B?, 46+3B?), a new cytotype was found. Chromosome data support phylogenetic relationships proposed by previous cytological, morphologic and molecular analyses, and in all the cases cover some gaps in the South American literature on orchid chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Rubén Daviña
- Programa de Estudios Florísticos y Genética Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Posadas Argentina
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JUAN R, PASTOR J, MILLÁN F, ALAIZ M, VIOQUE J. Amino acids composition of Teucrium nutlet proteins and their systematic significance. Ann Bot 2004; 94:615-621. [PMID: 15329333 PMCID: PMC4242235 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mch181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2003] [Revised: 05/13/2004] [Accepted: 07/01/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Plant species are considered as a good source of dietary proteins, although the nutritional quality of proteins depends on their amino acid composition. In this work the protein content and amino acid composition of nutlets of 21 Teucrium taxa (Lamiaceae) from Spain were analysed and their nutritional quality was compared with the minimum values established by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). In addition, the amino acid composition was evaluated as a chemical character to clarify the taxonomic complexity in this genus. METHODS Amino acid content of nutlets was determined after derivatization with diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate by high-performance liquid chromatography. Previously, nutlets samples were hydrolysed and incubated in an oven at 110 degrees C for 24 h. KEY RESULTS The protein content was variable, ranging from 6.4 % in T. dunense to 43.8 % in T. algarbiense. According to the FAO values all taxa contain satisfactory amounts of leucine, threonine and valine and are deficient in lysine. The similarity analysis of Teucrium taxa using amino acid composition data did not clearly reflect the infrageneric classification of this genus. CONCLUSIONS Annual species, such as T. spinosum, T. aristatum and T. resupinatum showed a better balanced amino acid composition. The dendrogram partly matched with the karyological complexity of Teucrium. No correlation between amino acid composition and habitat has been observed, showing that Teucrium nutlet amino acid composition may not be strongly influenced by the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. JUAN
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Sevilla, 41012-Sevilla, Spain
| | - J. PASTOR
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Sevilla, 41012-Sevilla, Spain
| | - F. MILLÁN
- Instituto de la Grasa, Padre García Tejero 4, 41012-Sevilla, Spain
| | - M. ALAIZ
- Instituto de la Grasa, Padre García Tejero 4, 41012-Sevilla, Spain
| | - J. VIOQUE
- Instituto de la Grasa, Padre García Tejero 4, 41012-Sevilla, Spain
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