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Man H, Sun P, Lin J, Ren X, Li D. Based on hydrogen and disulfide-mediated bonds, l-lysine and l-arginine enhanced the gel properties of low-salt mixed shrimp surimi (Antarctic krill and Pacific white shrimp). Food Chem 2024; 445:138735. [PMID: 38359572 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
This study delved into the effects of l-lysine (Lys) and l-arginine (Arg) on the gel properties and intermolecular interactions of low-salt (NaCl, 1 g/100 g) mixed shrimp surimi (Antarctic krill and Pacific white shrimp). The addition of Lys and Arg improved the gel strength and water holding capacity of low-salt gels, which were superior to the properties of STPP and high-salt (NaCl, 2.25 g/100 g) gels. These results can be attributed to the role of Lys and Arg in enhancing hydrogen and disulfide bonds within the low-salt gel system, promoting the solubilization of myofibrillar proteins (MP) and consequently increasing the number of MP molecules participating in gel formation. Antarctic krill MP did not show gel-forming ability and exerted a diluting effect on low-salt mixed shrimp surimi gels. Molecular docking analysis indicated the stable binding of Lys and Arg to myosin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Man
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Peizi Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Junxin Lin
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; Engineering Research Center of Seafood of Ministry of Education of China, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, Liaoning, China; SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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Nersesova L, Petrosyan M, Tsakanova G. Review of the evidence of radioprotective potential of creatine and arginine as dietary supplements. Int J Radiat Biol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38683545 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2345098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Creatine (Cr) and l-arginine are naturally occurring guanidino compounds, commonly used as ergogenic dietary supplements. Creatine and l-arginine exhibit also a number of non-energy-related features, such as antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties, which contribute to their protective action against oxidative stress (OS). In this regard, there are a number of studies emphasizing the protective effect of Cr against OS, which develops in the process of aging, increased physical loads as part of athletes' workouts, as well as a number of neurological diseases and toxic effects associated with xenobiotics and UV irradiation. Against this backdrop, and since ionizing radiation causes OS in cells, leading to radiotoxicity, there is an increasing interest to understand whether Cr has the full potential to serve as an effective radioprotective agent. The extensive literature search did not provide any data on this issue. In this narrative review, we have summarized some of our own experimental data published over the last years addressing the respective radioprotective effects of Cr. Next, we have additionally reviewed the existing data on the radiomodifying effects of l-arginine presented earlier by other research groups. CONCLUSIONS Creatine possesses significant radioprotective potential including: (1) radioprotective effect on the survival rate of rats subjected to acute whole-body X-ray irradiation in a LD70/30 dose of 6.5 Gy, (2) radioprotective effect on the population composition of peripheral blood cells, (3) radioprotective effect on the DNA damage of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, (4) radioprotective effect on the hepatocyte nucleus-nucleolar apparatus, and (5) radioprotective effect on the brain and liver Cr-Cr kinase systems of the respective animals. Taking into account these cytoprotective, gene-protective, hepatoprotective and energy-stimulating features of Cr, as well as its significant radioprotective effect on the survival rate of rats, it can be considered as a potentially promising radioprotector for further preclinical and clinical studies. The review of the currently available data on radiomodifying effects of l-arginine has indicated its significant potential as a radioprotector, radiomitigator, and radiosensitizer. However, to prove the effectiveness of arginine (Arg) as a radioprotective agent, it appears necessary to expand and deepen the relevant preclinical studies, and, most importantly, increase the number of proof-of-concept clinical trials, which are evidently lacking as of now.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gohar Tsakanova
- Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Yerevan, Armenia
- CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
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Miler I, Rabasovic MD, Askrabic S, Stylianou A, Korac B, Korac A. Short-Term l-arginine Treatment Mitigates Early Damage of Dermal Collagen Induced by Diabetes. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:407. [PMID: 38671828 PMCID: PMC11048012 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11040407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Changes in the structural properties of the skin due to collagen alterations are an important factor in diabetic skin complications. Using a combination of photonic methods as an optic diagnostic tool, we investigated the structural alteration in rat dermal collagen I in diabetes, and after short-term l-arginine treatment. The multiplex approach shows that in the early phase of diabetes, collagen fibers are partially damaged, resulting in the heterogeneity of fibers, e.g., "patchy patterns" of highly ordered/disordered fibers, while l-arginine treatment counteracts to some extent the conformational changes in collagen-induced by diabetes and mitigates the damage. Raman spectroscopy shows intense collagen conformational changes via amides I and II in diabetes, suggesting that diabetes-induced structural changes in collagen originate predominantly from individual collagen molecules rather than supramolecular structures. There is a clear increase in the amounts of newly synthesized proline and hydroxyproline after treatment with l-arginine, reflecting the changed collagen content. This suggests that it might be useful for treating and stopping collagen damage early on in diabetic skin. Our results demonstrate that l-arginine attenuates the early collagen I alteration caused by diabetes and that it could be used to treat and prevent collagen damage in diabetic skin at a very early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Miler
- Center for Biosystems, BioSense Institute, University of Novi Sad, Dr Zorana Djindjica 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Mihailo D. Rabasovic
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.A.)
| | - Sonja Askrabic
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Pregrevica 118, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.A.)
| | - Andreas Stylianou
- School of Science, European University Cyprus, 6 Diogenous Str., Egkomi, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus;
| | - Bato Korac
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandra Korac
- Center for Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Yilmaz-Oral D, Sezen SF, Turkcan D, Asker H, Kaya-Sezginer E, Kirlangic OF, Kopru CZ, Elci MP, Ozen FZ, Korkusuz P, Oren S, Oztekin CV, Ates I, Gur S. Dual Strategy with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and l-arginine Recovered Cavernosal Functions in a Rat Model of Radical Prostatectomy. Stem Cells Dev 2024; 33:43-53. [PMID: 37847152 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2023.0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As standard therapy for prostate cancer, radical prostatectomy causes cavernous nerve (CN) injury and increases fibrosis and hypoxia-induced penile structural alterations. This study aimed to determine the potential beneficial effects of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and l-arginine alone or in combination on the penile erection in a rat model of erectile dysfunction caused by bilateral cavernous nerve transection (CNT). Male rats (n = 35) were randomized into five groups: Sham-operated; CNT (4-weeks); CNT plus ADSCs (1 × 106 cells by intracavernosal injection); CNT plus l-arginine (4 weeks, 10 mg/kg/day, oral); and ADSCs combined with l-arginine in CNT. In vivo erectile responses and in vitro relaxant responses were measured. Western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses were used to determine the expression and localization of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, transforming growth factor-beta 1, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), and apoptosis markers (Bax and Bcl-2). The ratio of smooth muscle to collagen and nerve regeneration were calculated using Masson's trichrome and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-diaphorase staining. The combined treatment restored diminished erectile responses, endothelium-dependent acetylcholine, and electrical field stimulation-induced relaxation of the corpus cavernosum in rats with CNT, whereas either monotherapy produced only partial improvements. All treatment regimens restored increases in the protein expression of HIF-1 and Bax in rats with CNT. The decrease in smooth muscle mass and NADPH-diaphorase-positive nerve fibers was partially ameliorated by monotherapy, whereas combined therapy led to recovery. These findings indicate that combined treatment with ADSCs and l-arginine may restore erectile function in rats with CNT by inhibiting hypoxia-induced neurotoxicity and preserving endothelium function and smooth muscle content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Yilmaz-Oral
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Sena F Sezen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
- Drug and Pharmaceutical Technology Application and Research Center, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Damla Turkcan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Heba Asker
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara Medipol University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ecem Kaya-Sezginer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Omer Faruk Kirlangic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cagla Zubeyde Kopru
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Yüksek İhtisas University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mualla Pınar Elci
- Gulhane Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma Zeynep Ozen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Petek Korkusuz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sema Oren
- Gulhane Institute of Health Sciences R&D Center, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cetin Volkan Oztekin
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kyrenia, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ilker Ates
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Serap Gur
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Taniura T, Ishitobi K, Hidaka M, Harada M. Modulatory effects of supplementation of Lentinula edodes mycelia extract and l-arginine on the therapeutic efficacy of immunogenic chemotherapy in colon cancer-bearing mice. Microbiol Immunol 2024; 68:15-22. [PMID: 37964433 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Some chemotherapeutic drugs can induce cancer cell death and enhance antitumor T-cell immunity in cancer-bearing hosts. Immunomodulatory reagents could augment such chemotherapy-induced effects. We previously reported that oral digestion of Lentinula edodes mycelia (L.E.M.) extract or l-arginine supplementation can augment antitumor T-cell responses in cancer-bearing mice. In this study, the effects of L.E.M. extract with or without l-arginine on the therapeutic efficacy of immunogenic chemotherapy by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)/oxaliplatin (L-OHP) and/or cyclophosphamide (CP) are examined using two mouse colon cancer models. In MC38 and CT26 cancer models, therapy with 5-FU/L-OHP/CP significantly suppressed tumor growth, and supplementation with L.E.M. extract halved the tumor volumes. However, the modulatory effect of L.E.M. extract was not significant. In the CT26 cancer model, supplementation with L.E.M. extract and l-arginine had no clear effect on tumor growth. In contrast, their addition to chemotherapy halved the tumor volumes, although the effect was not significant. There was no difference in the cytotoxicity of tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells generated from CT26-cured mice treated by chemotherapy alone versus chemotherapy combined with L.E.M. extract/ l-arginine. These results indicate that the antitumor effects of immunogenic chemotherapy were too strong to ascertain the effects of supplementation of L.E.M. extract and l-arginine, but these reagents nonetheless have immunomodulatory effects on the therapeutic efficacy of immunogenic chemotherapy in colon cancer-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Taniura
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Kazunari Ishitobi
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hidaka
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
| | - Mamoru Harada
- Department of Immunology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Shimane, Japan
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Heeba GH, Morsy MA, Mahmoud ME, Abdel-Latif R. Gastro-protective effect of l-arginine against nitric oxide deficiency-related mucosal injury induced by indomethacin: Does age matter? J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23479. [PMID: 37483153 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Gastric ulcer is a common disease with increased prevalence in the aged population. Aged gastric mucosa has increased susceptibility to injury along with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use due to impaired mucosal defense and decreased vasodilator release. We investigated whether l-arginine could protect against age-related gastric ulceration induced by indomethacin. Aged and adult male Wistar rats were administered sole and combined treatment of l-arginine and Nω -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester ( l-NAME) before induction of gastric ulceration by indomethacin. The gastroprotective effect of l-arginine was displayed only in adult rats with indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration, as evidenced by a significant decrease in ulcer index, oxidative stress parameters, and mucosal myeloperoxidase activity along with increased mucosal PGE2 levels. Interestingly, the mucosal gene expressions of NF-кB, iNOS, and COX-2 were significantly suppressed by l-arginine pretreatment and aggregated upon pretreatment with l-NAME in both adult and aged rats treated with indomethacin. In conclusion, l-arginine protected the rats' gastric mucosa against indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration, possibly, at least in part, by enhancement of mucosal nitric oxide/PGE2 content along with suppressing gastric inflammation and oxidative stress. This study supposed that the gastroprotective effect of l-arginine depends on aging, and even so, the adoption of a new approach to gastric ulcer treatment for the aged population is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehan H Heeba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Magda E Mahmoud
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Rania Abdel-Latif
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
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7
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Nasef M, Ben Turkia H, Haider Ali AM, Mahdawi E, Nair A. To What Extent Does Arginine Reduce the Risk of Developing Necrotizing Enterocolitis? Cureus 2023; 15:e45813. [PMID: 37876383 PMCID: PMC10591459 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.45813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and neonatal sepsis are polar opposite diseases that are commonly encountered in the NICU. Concerning the frequency of these pathologies, NEC is regarded as being a much rarer condition, whereas neonatal sepsis is slightly more commonly encountered. However, neonatal sepsis can present with varying clinical presentations and, if caught late, can be detrimental to the patient. Many different modes of therapies have been studied for both conditions at different levels of pathologies, from a microscopic to a macroscopic level, leading to an assessment of treatment approaches. With the different ongoing treatment protocols being studied, one such therapy under investigation that does stand out is the use of L-arginine in both conditions. The L-arginine, being an essential amino acid, has many basic biological roles in developing neonates. It mainly involves the production of nitric oxide (NO), a potent vasodilator, which is particularly important in the development of vasculature in almost every organ. In premature infants, poorly developed vasculature makes them more susceptible to injury, therefore increasing the risk of diseases such as NEC and the severity of diseases such as neonatal sepsis. By assessing the uses of L-arginine and its application towards treating conditions like NEC and neonatal sepsis, we aim to identify its potential benefits as a treatment and its potential applications in clinical practice by understanding its basic functions and role in the pathophysiology of NEC and neonatal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoosh Nasef
- Neonatology, King Hamad University Hospital, Muharraq, BHR
| | | | | | - Esam Mahdawi
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King Hamad University Hospital, Muharraq, BHR
| | - Arun Nair
- Pediatrics, Saint Peter's University Hospital, Somerset, USA
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Chen H, Sheng Y, Shao J, Zhou X, Ding Y. Thermal stability and interfacial rheology of whey protein-corn oil emulsions: The effect of l-arginine fortification. J Food Sci 2023. [PMID: 37306525 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effect of l-arginine (Arg) on the thermal stability of whey protein-corn oil emulsions was investigated to determine its role in improving emulsion stability. The results indicated that with an increase in Arg concentration, the emulsion stability index, emulsification activity index, and absolute ζ-potential increased initially and decreased after high-temperature sterilization. However, the mean particle size, apparent viscosity, creaming indices, and dynamic interfacial pressure of the emulsions first decreased and then increased, and the performance of samples that only showed an increase in pH could also improve the emulsification stability. These results clarify the mechanism by which Arg increases the thermal stability of emulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources Innovation and Development of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sheng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources Innovation and Development of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing (Hangzhou), Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Shao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources Innovation and Development of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing (Hangzhou), Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuxia Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources Innovation and Development of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing (Hangzhou), Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Ding
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources Innovation and Development of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
- National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing (Hangzhou), Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Ki D, Hong H, Kim IK, Kim KJ. Crystal Structure and Functional Characterization of Acetylornithine Aminotransferase from Corynebacterium glutamicum. J Agric Food Chem 2023. [PMID: 37230944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The amino acids l-arginine and l-ornithine are widely used in animal feed and as health supplements and pharmaceutical compounds. In arginine biosynthesis, acetylornithine aminotransferase (AcOAT) uses pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) as a cofactor for amino group transfer. Here, we determined the crystal structures of the apo and PLP complex forms of AcOAT from Corynebacterium glutamicum (CgAcOAT). Our structural observations revealed that CgAcOAT undergoes an order-to-disorder conformational change upon binding with PLP. Additionally, we observed that unlike other AcOATs, CgAcOAT exists as a tetramer. Subsequently, we identified the key residues involved in PLP and substrate binding based on structural analysis and site-directed mutagenesis. This study might provide structural insights on CgAcOAT, which can be utilized for the development of improved l-arginine production enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwoo Ki
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwaseok Hong
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Kwon Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Jin Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, KNU Institute for Microorganisms, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Chaliha DR, Vaccarezza M, Corti E, Takechi R, Dhaliwal SS, Drummond P, Visser E, Chen FK, Charng J, Lam V, Mamo JC. L-arginine and aged garlic extract for the prevention of migraine: a study protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase-II trial (LARGE trial). BMC Neurol 2023; 23:122. [PMID: 36973718 PMCID: PMC10041759 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03149-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Migraine is a common and distressing neurological condition characterised by recurrent throbbing headaches, nausea and heightened sensitivity to light and sound. Accumulating evidence suggests that cerebral arteries dilate during migraine, causing distal microvessels to constrict, which could activate nociceptors and cause onset of headache pain. If so, preventing or attenuating chronic microvascular constriction, and promoting a dilatory phenotype, may reduce frequency and/or severity of migraines. The primary aim of the L-Arginine and Aged Garlic Extract (LARGE) trial is to investigate whether oral treatment with dietary nutraceuticals, L-arginine and aged garlic extract (AGE), both systemic vasodilatory agents, will alleviate migraine frequency, duration and severity in adults with chronic frequent episodic migraines. Methods The study is a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled phase-II single-site clinical trial conducted in Perth, Australia. The target sample is to recruit 240 participants diagnosed with chronic frequent episodic migraines between 18 and 80 years of age. Participants will be randomised to one of four treatment groups for 14 weeks (placebo induction for 2 weeks, followed by 12 weeks on one of the respective treatment arms): placebo, L-arginine, AGE, or a combination of L-arginine and AGE. The doses of L-arginine and AGE are 1.5 g and 1 g daily, respectively. The primary outcome is to assess migraine response using change in migraine frequency and intensity between baseline and 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes include the impact of L-arginine and/or AGE on photosensitivity, retinal vessel changes, and blood biomarker concentrations of vascular tone, following a 12-week intervention. Discussion The protocol describes the oral administration of 2 nutraceutical-based interventions as possible prophylactic treatments for chronic frequent episodic migraines, with potential for direct clinical translation of outcomes. Potential limitations of the study include the fixed-dose design of each treatment arm and that in vivo neuroimaging methods, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), will not be conducted to determine putative cerebro-vasodilatory changes to coincide with the outcome measures. Dose-response studies may be indicated. Trial registration The trial was retrospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12621001476820 (Universal Trial Number: U1111-1268-1117) on 04/08/2021. This is protocol version 1, submitted on 25/11/2022. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12883-023-03149-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devahuti R. Chaliha
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Mauro Vaccarezza
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Emily Corti
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Ryusuke Takechi
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - Satvinder S. Dhaliwal
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Queenstown, Singapore
- grid.11875.3a0000 0001 2294 3534Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
- grid.443365.30000 0004 0388 6484Singapore University of Social Sciences, 463 Clementi Road, Clementi, 599494 Singapore
| | - Peter Drummond
- grid.1025.60000 0004 0436 6763College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education (SHEE), Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA Australia
| | - Eric Visser
- grid.266886.40000 0004 0402 6494School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Fred K. Chen
- grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
- grid.1008.90000 0001 2179 088XOphthalmology, Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, VIC Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jason Charng
- grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
- grid.1012.20000 0004 1936 7910Department of Optometry, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA Australia
| | - Virginie Lam
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
| | - John C.L. Mamo
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
- grid.1032.00000 0004 0375 4078School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Australia
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11
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Zavori L, Molnar T, Varnai R, Kanizsai A, Nagy L, Vadkerti B, Szirmay B, Schwarcz A, Csecsei P. Cystatin-c May Indicate Subclinical Renal Involvement, While Orosomucoid Is Associated with Fatigue in Patients with Long-COVID Syndrome. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13020371. [PMID: 36836605 PMCID: PMC9958557 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-COVID syndrome is associated with high healthcare costs, but its pathophysiology is not yet fully understood. Inflammation, renal impairment or disturbance of the NO system emerge as potential pathogenetic factors. We aimed to investigate the relationship between symptoms of long-COVID syndrome and serum levels of cystatin-c (CYSC), orosomucoid (ORM), l-arginine, symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). A total of 114 patients suffering from long-COVID syndrome were included in this observational cohort study. We found that serum CYSC was independently associated with the anti-spike immunoglobulin (S-Ig) serum level (OR: 5.377, 95% CI: 1.822-12.361; p = 0.02), while serum ORM (OR: 9.670 (95% CI: 1.34-9.93; p = 0.025) independently predicted fatigue in patients with long-COVID syndrome, both measured at baseline visit. Additionally, the serum CYSC concentrations measured at the baseline visit showed a positive correlation with the serum SDMA levels. The severity of abdominal and muscle pain indicated by patients at the baseline visit showed a negative correlation with the serum level of L-arginine. In summary, serum CYSC may indicate subclinical renal impairment, while serum ORM is associated with fatigue in long-COVID syndrome. The potential role of l-arginine in alleviating pain requires further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laszlo Zavori
- Salisbury NHS Foundation Trust, Salisbury SP2 8BJ, UK
| | - Tihamer Molnar
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Reka Varnai
- Department of Primary Health Care, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Andrea Kanizsai
- Department of Dentistry, Medical School, Pecs, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Lajos Nagy
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Bence Vadkerti
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balazs Szirmay
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-72535900
| | - Attila Schwarcz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Peter Csecsei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
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12
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El-Shalofy AS, Samir H, El-Sherbiny HR. Intramuscular administration of l-arginine boosts testicular hemodynamics, plasma concentrations of testosterone and nitric oxide in heat-stressed rams. Theriogenology 2023; 197:127-132. [PMID: 36502590 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed to assess, for the first time, the effects of intramuscular injection of l-arginine (L-arg) on testicular hemodynamics, echogenicity, and plasma concentrations of testosterone, total antioxidant capacity, and nitric oxide (NO) in Ossimi rams. Twelve sexually matured heat-stressed rams were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the L-arg group (n = 6) received 5 mg/kg L-arg dissolved in 2 ml normal saline 0.9%, or the control group (n = 6) received merely 2 ml of normal saline 0.9%. Blood sampling, B-mode ultrasound assessment of the testicular parenchyma, and pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound of the testicular artery for both right and left testis were performed immediately before 0 min and 1, 4, 24, 48, 72, and 168 h after L-arg or saline administration. In the L-arg group, resistive index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) means were significantly lower compared to the control group at 4-168 h post-treatment. Plasma testosterone concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) at 4 h and onward in the L-arg treated compared to the control rams, the same for NO levels however its increase (P < 0.05) was observed as soon as 1 h post-treatment. In L-arg treated rams, NO concentrations were positively correlated to plasma testosterone concentrations (r = 0.7, p < .01), but negatively correlated to both RI and PI (r = -0.8 and -0.6, respectively, p < .01). In conclusion, l-arginine administration enhanced testicular blood flow and increased plasma testosterone and nitric oxide concentrations in heat-stressed rams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr S El-Shalofy
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Haney Samir
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hossam R El-Sherbiny
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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13
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Lim S, McDougall ARA, Goldstein M, Tuttle A, Hastie R, Tong S, Ammerdorffer A, Rushwan S, Ricci C, Gülmezoglu AM, Vogel JP. Analysis of a maternal health medicines pipeline database 2000-2021: New candidates for the prevention and treatment of fetal growth restriction. BJOG 2023; 130:653-663. [PMID: 36655375 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Accelerating Innovation for Mothers project established a new database of candidate medicines under development between 2000 and 2021 for five pregnancy-related conditions, including fetal growth restriction. The objective was to assess medicines for fetal growth restriction and their potential for clinical use globally. DESIGN Landscape analysis. SETTING Global (focus on low- and middle-income countries, LMICs). SAMPLE Drugs, dietary supplements and biologics under investigation for prevention or treatment of fetal growth restriction. METHODS A research pipeline database of medicines was created through searching AdisInsight, PubMed and various grant and clinical trial databases. Analysis of clinical and preclinical candidates were descriptive. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Fetal growth restriction candidates in clinical development were identified and ranked as high, medium or low potential based on prespecified criteria, including efficacy, safety and accessibility. RESULTS Of the 444 unique candidates in the database across all five pregnancy-related conditions, 63 were for fetal growth restriction. Of these, 31 were in clinical development (phases I, II or III) and 32 were in preclinical development. Three candidates, aspirin, l-arginine and vitamin D, were ranked as having high potential as preventive agents. There were no high-potential candidates for treating fetal growth restriction, although five candidates were ranked as having medium potential: allylestrenol, dalteparin, omega-3 fatty acids, tadalafil, and United Nations International Multiple Micronutrient Antenatal Preparation (UNIMMAP). CONCLUSIONS l-Arginine, aspirin and vitamin D are promising, high-potential preventative agents for fetal growth restriction. Based on the medicines pipeline, new pharmacological agents for fetal growth restriction are unlikely to emerge in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao Lim
- Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Annie R A McDougall
- Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maya Goldstein
- Policy Cures Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew Tuttle
- Policy Cures Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Roxanne Hastie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Tong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Joshua P Vogel
- Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Alyami HS, Ali DK, Jarrar Q, Jaradat A, Aburass H, Mohammed AA, Alyami MH, Aodah AH, Dahmash EZ. Taste Masking of Promethazine Hydrochloride Using l-Arginine Polyamide-Based Nanocapsules. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020748. [PMID: 36677806 PMCID: PMC9865149 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Promethazine hydrochloride (PMZ), a potent H1-histamine blocker widely used to prevent motion sickness, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting, has a bitter taste. In the present study, taste masked PMZ nanocapsules (NCs) were prepared using an interfacial polycondensation technique. A one-step approach was used to expedite the synthesis of NCs made from a biocompatible and biodegradable polyamide based on l-arginine. The produced NCs had an average particle size of 193.63 ± 39.1 nm and a zeta potential of −31.7 ± 1.25 mV, indicating their stability. The NCs were characterized using differential scanning calorimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction, as well as transmission electron microscopy that demonstrated the formation of the NCs and the incorporation of PMZ within the polymer. The in vitro release study of the PMZ-loaded NCs displayed a 0.91 ± 0.02% release of PMZ after 10 min using artificial saliva as the dissolution media, indicating excellent taste masked particles. The in vivo study using mice revealed that the amount of fluid consumed by the PMZ-NCs group was significantly higher than that consumed by the free PMZ group (p < 0.05). This study confirmed that NCs using polyamides based on l-arginine and interfacial polycondensation can serve as a good platform for the effective taste masking of bitter actives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad S. Alyami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Khalil Ali
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan
| | - Qais Jarrar
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan
| | - Abdolelah Jaradat
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan
| | - Hadeel Aburass
- Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Isra University, Amman 11622, Jordan
| | - Abdul Aleem Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad H. Alyami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alhassan H. Aodah
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science & Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Zmaily Dahmash
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-7542329215
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15
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Schaid TR, Cohen MJ, D'Alessandro A, Silliman CC, Moore EE, Sauaia A, Dzieciatkowska M, Hallas W, Thielen O, DeBot M, Cralley A, LaCroix I, Erickson C, Mitra S, Banerjee A, Jones K, Hansen KC. TRAUMA INDUCES INTRAVASCULAR HEMOLYSIS, EXACERBATED BY RED BLOOD CELL TRANSFUSION AND ASSOCIATED WITH DISRUPTED ARGININE-NITRIC OXIDE METABOLISM. Shock 2023; 59:12-19. [PMID: 36378232 PMCID: PMC9892361 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: Severe injury can provoke systemic processes that lead to organ dysfunction, and hemolysis of both native and transfused red blood cells (RBCs) may contribute. Hemolysis can release erythrocyte proteins, such as hemoglobin and arginase-1, the latter with the potential to disrupt arginine metabolism and limit physiologic NO production. We aimed to quantify hemolysis and arginine metabolism in trauma patients and measure association with injury severity, transfusions, and outcomes. Methods: Blood was collected from injured patients at a level I trauma center enrolled in the COMBAT (Control of Major Bleeding After Trauma) trial. Proteomics and metabolomics were performed on plasma fractions through liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Abundances of erythrocyte proteins comprising a hemolytic profile as well as haptoglobin, l -arginine, ornithine, and l -citrulline (NO surrogate marker) were analyzed at different timepoints and correlated with transfusions and adverse outcomes. Results: More critically injured patients, nonsurvivors, and those with longer ventilator requirement had higher levels of hemolysis markers with reduced l -arginine and l -citrulline. In logistic regression, elevated hemolysis markers, reduced l -arginine, and reduced l -citrulline were significantly associated with these adverse outcomes. An increased number of blood transfusions were significantly associated with elevated hemolysis markers and reduced l -arginine and l -citrulline independently of New Injury Severity Score and arterial base excess. Conclusions: Severe injury induces intravascular hemolysis, which may mediate postinjury organ dysfunction. In addition to native RBCs, transfused RBCs can lyse and may exacerbate trauma-induced hemolysis. Arginase-1 released from RBCs may contribute to the depletion of l -arginine and the subsequent reduction in the NO necessary to maintain organ perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry R Schaid
- Department of Surgery/Trauma Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Mitchell J Cohen
- Department of Surgery/Trauma Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | | | | | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - William Hallas
- Department of Surgery/Trauma Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Otto Thielen
- Department of Surgery/Trauma Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Margot DeBot
- Department of Surgery/Trauma Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Alexis Cralley
- Department of Surgery/Trauma Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Ian LaCroix
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Christopher Erickson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Sanchayita Mitra
- Department of Surgery/Trauma Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Anirban Banerjee
- Department of Surgery/Trauma Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kenneth Jones
- Department of Surgery/Trauma Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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16
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Insuasti W, Garofalo G, Aguirre AS, Encalada S, Villamarin J, Oña S, Tenemaza MG, Eissa-Garcés A, Matcheswalla S, Ortiz JF. Arginine for the Treatment of Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-Like Episodes: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e32709. [PMID: 36686069 PMCID: PMC9848692 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome is a mitochondrial disease that lacks a definitive treatment. Lately, there has been an increased interest in the scientific community about the role of arginine in the short and long-term settings of the disease. We aim to conduct a systematic review of the clinical use of arginine in the management of MELAS and explore the role of arginine in the pathophysiology of the disease. We used PubMed advanced-strategy searches and only included full-text clinical trials on humans written in the English language. After applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, four clinical trials were reviewed. We used the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol for this systematic review. We used the Cochrane Collaboration risk-of-bias tool to assess the bias encountered in each study. Overall, IV arginine seems to be effective in improving symptoms during acute attacks of MELAS, while oral arginine supplementation increases endothelial function, preventing further stroke-like episodes.
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17
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Bodis J, Farkas B, Nagy B, Kovacs K, Sulyok E. The Role of L-Arginine-NO System in Female Reproduction: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14908. [PMID: 36499238 PMCID: PMC9735906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence are available on the involvement of l-arginine-nitric oxide (NO) system in complex biological processes and numerous clinical conditions. Particular attention was made to reveal the association of l-arginine and methylarginines to outcome measures of women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). This review attempts to summarize the expression and function of the essential elements of this system with particular reference to the different stages of female reproduction. A literature search was performed on the PubMed and Google Scholar systems. Publications were selected for evaluation according to the results presented in the Abstract. The regulatory role of NO during the period of folliculogenesis, oocyte maturation, fertilization, embryogenesis, implantation, placentation, pregnancy, and delivery was surveyed. The major aspects of cellular l-arginine uptake via cationic amino acid transporters (CATs), arginine catabolism by nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) to NO and l-citrulline and by arginase to ornithine, and polyamines are presented. The importance of NOS inhibition by methylated arginines and the redox-sensitive elements of the process of NO generation are also shown. The l-arginine-NO system plays a crucial role in all stages of female reproduction. Insufficiently low or excessively high rates of NO generation may have adverse influences on IVF outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozsef Bodis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pecs School of Medicine, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Scientific Research Group, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balint Farkas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pecs School of Medicine, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Scientific Research Group, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Nagy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pecs School of Medicine, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Scientific Research Group, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kalman Kovacs
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pecs School of Medicine, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- MTA-PTE Human Reproduction Scientific Research Group, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Endre Sulyok
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7622 Pécs, Hungary
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7621 Pécs, Hungary
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18
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Rothenhäusler F, Ruckdaeschel H. l-Arginine as Bio-Based Curing Agent for Epoxy Resins: Temperature-Dependence of Mechanical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214696. [PMID: 36365688 PMCID: PMC9655309 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The precise characterization of new bio-based thermosets is imperative for the correct assessment of their potential as matrix material in fiber-reinforced polymer composites. Therefore, the mechanical properties of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol a (DGEBA) cured with l-arginine were investigated to determine whether the bio-based thermoset possesses the required mechanical properties for application as a matrix material. The cured thermoset is called Argopox. The mixture of amino acid and epoxy resin was prepared via three-roll milling and cured in the presence of an urea-based accelerator. The tensile, compression, flexural and toughness properties of Argopox were characterized at T=−40 ∘C, 22 ∘C and 80 ∘C to determine the temperature-dependence of the thermoset’s mechanical properties in its service temperature range. The glass transition temperature Tg was analyzed via dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and is approximately 119 ∘C. The tensile, compression and flexural strength at 22 ∘C are about 56 MPa, 98 MPa and 85 MPa, respectively. The critical stress intensity factor KIC and fracture energy GIC at 22 ∘C are roughly 1.1 MPam0.5 and 510 Jm−, respectively. Consequently, Argopox possesses mechanical properties that reach performance levels similar to that of materials which are already used as matrix for fiber reinforced composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rothenhäusler
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Holger Ruckdaeschel
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Neue Materialien Bayreuth GmbH, Gottlieb-Keim-Straße 60, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany
- Correspondence:
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19
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Zhao Z, Cai M, Liu Y, Hu M, Yang F, Zhu R, Xu M, Rao Z. Genomics and transcriptomics-guided metabolic engineering Corynebacterium glutamicum for l-arginine production. Bioresour Technol 2022; 364:128054. [PMID: 36184013 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
l-arginine is a semi-essential amino acid that is broadly used as food additives and pharmaceutical intermediates. The synthesis of l-arginine is restricted by complex metabolic mechanisms and suboptimal fermentation conditions. Initially, a mutant strain that accumulated 19.4 g/L l-arginine was generated by random mutagenesis. Subsequently, a mutation of the repressor protein (argRG159D) in the l-arginine operon and glutamate synthase (gltD) with 532-fold upregulation were identified to be vital for l-arginine production by multi-omic analysis. Systematic metabolic engineering was used to modify the strain, which included interfering with α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (ODHC) activity by knocking out serine/threonine-protein kinase (pknG), enhancing the expression of multiple key enzymes in the l-arginine synthesis pathway, and increasing the availability of intracellular cofactor (NADPH) and energy (ATP). Finally, C. glutamicum ARG12 produced 71.3 g/L l-arginine, with a yield of 0.43 g/g glucose by fermentation optimization. This study provides new ideas to boost l-arginine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqiang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mengmeng Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yunran Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Mengkai Hu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Fengyu Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Rongshuai Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Meijuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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20
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Rothenhäusler F, Ruckdaeschel H. l-Arginine as a Bio-Based Curing Agent for Epoxy Resins: Glass Transition Temperature, Rheology and Latency. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4331. [PMID: 36297909 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for sustainable practices in the processing chain of fiber-reinforced thermosets has led to the development of bio-based epoxy resins and curing agents. As a contribution to sustainable composites, this study focuses on the glass transition temperature (Tg), viscosity and latency of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol a (DGEBA) cured with l-arginine in the presence of a urea-based accelerator. These characteristics are decisive features for application as a matrix in fiber-reinforced polymer composites produced via prepreg technology in which low viscosity and sufficient latency, meaning low reactivity of the one-component system, are necessary. The homogeneous mixture of amino acid and epoxy resin was prepared via three-roll milling. Two formulations, Argopox-1 with 1 wt.% accelerator and Argopox-2.5 with 2.5wt.% accelerator, were prepared and parts of each formulation were stored at 22 °C and -18 °C, respectively. Both formulations were tested via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and small amplitude oscillatory shear rheology (SAOS) after 0 d, 30 d, 60 d, 90 d and 180 d of storage to determine the influence of accelerator weight fraction, storage temperature and storage period on the glass transition temperature of the uncured resin system Tg0, and their viscosity. The Tg of the thermosets is about 100 °C. The DSC and SAOS measurements show that the Tg0 of Argopox-1 shifts about 5 °C in 60 d, while its viscosity is still low enough to be processed in a prepreg production line. Furthermore, Argopox-1 is storable for at least 180 d at -18 °C without significant changes in its Tg0 and viscosity. Consequently, Argopox-1 possesses a sufficiently high Tg and adequate latency, as well as a low viscosity for application as prepreg matrix material.
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Zhang P, Yin X, Wang X, Wang J, Na G, Ирина Павловна К. Paeonol protects against acute pancreatitis by Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways in mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1618-1628. [PMID: 36170125 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Paeonol (PAE) is an active ingredient with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. This study was designed to investigate the effect of PAE on acute pancreatitis (AP). METHODS AP was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of 20% l-arginine (4 g/kg) for 6 h. Mice were pretreated with PAE (25, 50 or 100 mg/kg) intragastrically for 5 days. The histological damage and alterations of biochemical indicators, inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress factors in AP mice were detected. The Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways were examined to illustrate the potential mechanism. KEY FINDINGS In AP model, we found that PAE attenuated histological injury of pancreatic tissues, reduced the serum levels of α-amylase and increased Ca2+ contents in a dose-dependent manner. The white blood cell content, and IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in the serum of AP mice were reduced by PAE. Furthermore, PAE caused a reduction of MPO and MDA levels, accompanied by an increase in SOD activity in the pancreas of AP mice. We also demonstrated that the alterations of Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways in AP mice were reversed by PAE. CONCLUSIONS PAE attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress in the development of AP by the regulation of Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- College of Life Engineering, Shenyang Institute of Technology, Fushun, China.,Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Institute, Primorskaya State Academy of Agriculture, Ussuriysk, Russia
| | - Xing Yin
- College of Life Engineering, Shenyang Institute of Technology, Fushun, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiaqing Wang
- College of Life Engineering, Shenyang Institute of Technology, Fushun, China
| | - Guangning Na
- College of Life Engineering, Shenyang Institute of Technology, Fushun, China
| | - Короткова Ирина Павловна
- Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Institute, Primorskaya State Academy of Agriculture, Ussuriysk, Russia
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22
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Giraldo M, Upegui YA, Higuita-Castro JL, Gonzalez LA, Gutierrez S, Pulido SA, Robledo SM. Effect of the variation in the extracellular concentration of l-arginine in the physiology of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis and its susceptibility to some antileishmanial drugs. Exp Parasitol 2022; 242:108395. [PMID: 36179851 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge about amino acid metabolism in trypanosomatids is a valuable source of new therapeutic targets. l-arginine is an essential amino acid for Leishmania parasites, and it participates in the synthesis of polyamines, a group of essential nutrients used for nucleic acids, proteins biosynthesis, and redox modulation necessary for proliferation. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of changes in the availability of this amino acid on promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes on U937 macrophages and showed that the absence of l-arginine in culture medium negatively influences the growth and infectivity of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis, causing a decrease in the percentage of the infected cells and parasite load tested through light microscopy. In addition, the absence of l-arginine resulted in the parasite's inability to regulate its reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which persisted for up to 24 h by flow cytometry following the probe H2DCF-DA dye. Moreover, the differentiation of promastigote to amastigote in axenic culture was more significant at low concentrations of l-arginine suggesting that this depletion induces a stress environment to increase this transformation under axenic conditions. No association was established between the availability of l-arginine and the effectiveness of antileishmanial drugs. All these results confirm the importance of l-arginine in L. braziliensis life cycle vital processes, such as its replication and infectivity, as documented in other Leishmania species. Based on these results, we proposed that the l-arginine uptake/metabolism route is possible in exploring new antileishmanial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Giraldo
- PECET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia-UdeA, Medellín, 050010474, Colombia
| | - Yulieth A Upegui
- PECET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia-UdeA, Medellín, 050010474, Colombia
| | - Jorge L Higuita-Castro
- PECET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia-UdeA, Medellín, 050010474, Colombia
| | - Luis A Gonzalez
- QOPN Grupo Química Orgánica de Productos Naturales, Instituto de Química, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, 050010474, Colombia
| | - Sneider Gutierrez
- PECET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia-UdeA, Medellín, 050010474, Colombia
| | - Sergio A Pulido
- PECET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia-UdeA, Medellín, 050010474, Colombia
| | - Sara M Robledo
- PECET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia-UdeA, Medellín, 050010474, Colombia.
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Asgari M, Salehi I, Ranjbar K, Khosravi M, Zarrinkalam E. Interval training and Crataegus persica ameliorate diabetic nephropathy via miR-126/Nrf-2 mediated inhibition of stress oxidative in rats with diabetes after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113411. [PMID: 36076481 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial disorders are the most common cause of renal failure and mortality in diabetic patients, but the molecular mechanism of this process is not yet clear. The reduction of nuclear Erythroid2-related factor-2 (Nrf-2) and positive regulators of Nrf-2 proteins, such as DJ-1 and microRNA-126 (miR-126), after hypoxia and the promotion of reactive oxygen species, might be an intervention indicator in renal failure after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. Therefore, this study evaluates the renoprotective effect of exercise training and Crataegus persica extract (CE) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion-induced kidney injury in diabetic rats. Fifty rats were divided into five groups: healthy sedentary control (Con), sedentary diabetic (D), interval trained diabetic (TD), diabetic plus Crataegus persica extract treatment (CD), and interval trained diabetic plus Crataegus persica extract treatment (TCD) groups. The rats in the exercise groups were subjected to moderate-intensity interval training five days per week for ten weeks. The rats in CD and TCD groups received 300 mg/kg of Crataegus persica through gavage for ten weeks. Then, the subjects underwent 30 min of myocardial ischemia and subsequently reperfusion for 24 h. At the end of the experiment, insulin sensitivity, oxidative stress, renal function, histopathology of the kidney, Nrf-2, miR-126, and DJ-1 gene expression levels were evaluated. The results show that the treatments decreased elevated levels of renal oxidative stress, glomerular filtration rate, insulin sensitivity, and pathological score in diabetic rats. Also, the expression of Nrf-2 and miR-126, unlike DJ-1, decreased in diabetic rats due to interval training. Due to the results, diabetes aggravates acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion-induced kidney injury, while moderate-intensity interval training and Crataegus persica treatment simultaneously ameliorate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion-induced renal injury via miR-126/Nrf-2 pathway and improve insulin sensitivity and renal function in type 1 diabetic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Asgari
- Department of Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Department of Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamedan University of Medical Sciences, Hamedan, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Kamal Ranjbar
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Maryam Khosravi
- Department of Biology, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ebrahim Zarrinkalam
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Zhang J, Wang S, Guo X, Lu Y, Liu X, Jiang M, Li X, Qin B, Luo Z, Liu H, Li Q, Du YZ, Luo L, You J. Arginine Supplementation Targeting Tumor-Killing Immune Cells Reconstructs the Tumor Microenvironment and Enhances the Antitumor Immune Response. ACS Nano 2022; 16:12964-12978. [PMID: 35968927 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is characterized by several immunosuppressive factors, of which weak acidity and l-arginine (l-arg) deficiency are two common features. A weak acidic environment threatens the survival of immune cells, and insufficient l-arg will severely restrain the effect of antitumor immune responses, both of which affect the efficiency of cancer treatments (especially immunotherapy). Meanwhile, l-arg is essential for tumor progression. Thus, two strategies, l-arg supplementation and l-arg deprivation, are developed for cancer treatment. However, these strategies have the potential risk of promoting tumor growth and impairing immune responses, which might lead to a paradoxical therapeutic effect. It is optimal to limit the l-arg availability of tumor cells from the microenvironment while supplying l-arg for immune cells. In this study, we designed a multivesicular liposome technology to continuously supply alkaline l-arg, which simultaneously changed the acidity and l-arg deficiency in the TME, and by selectively knocking down the CAT-2 transporter, l-arg starvation of tumors was maintained while tumor-killing immune cells were enriched in the TME. The results showed that our strategy promoted the infiltration and activation of CD8+ T cells in tumor, increased the proportion of M1 macrophages, inhibited melanoma growth, and prolonged survival. In combination with anti-PD-1 antibody, our strategy reversed the low tumor response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy, showing a synergistic antitumor effect. Our work provided a reference for improving the TME combined with regulating nutritional competitiveness to achieve the sensitization of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Sijie Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xuemeng Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yichao Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xu Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Mengshi Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Bing Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Huihui Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Qingpo Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Zhong Du
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jian You
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P. R. China
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25
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Rohles C, Pauli S, Gießelmann G, Kohlstedt M, Becker J, Wittmann C. Systems metabolic engineering of Corynebacterium glutamicum eliminates all by-products for selective and high-yield production of the platform chemical 5-aminovalerate. Metab Eng 2022; 73:168-181. [PMID: 35917915 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
5-aminovalerate (AVA) is a platform chemical of substantial commercial value to derive nylon-5 and five-carbon derivatives like δ-valerolactam, 1,5-pentanediol, glutarate, and 5-hydroxyvalerate. De-novo bio-production synthesis of AVA using metabolically engineered cell factories is regarded as exemplary route to provide this chemical in a sustainable way. So far, this route is limited by low titers, rates and yields and suffers from high levels of by-products. To overcome these limitations, we developed a novel family of AVA producing C. glutamicum cell factories. Stepwise optimization included (i) improved AVA biosynthesis by expression balancing of the heterologous davAB genes from P. putida, (ii) reduced formation of the by-product glutarate by disruption of the catabolic y-aminobutyrate pathway (iii), increased AVA export, and (iv) reduced AVA re-import via native and heterologous transporters to account for the accumulation of intracellular AVA up to 300 mM. Strain C. glutamicum AVA-5A, obtained after several optimization rounds, produced 48.3 g L-1 AVA in a fed-batch process and achieved a high yield of 0.21 g g-1. Surprisingly in later stages, the mutant suddenly accumulated glutarate to an extent equivalent to 30% of the amount of AVA formed, tenfold more than in the early process, displaying a severe drawback toward industrial production. Further exploration led to the discovery that ArgD, naturally aminating N-acetyl-l-ornithine during l-arginine biosynthesis, exhibits deaminating side activity on AVA toward glutarate formation. This promiscuity became relevant because of the high intracellular AVA level and the fact that ArgD became unoccupied with the gradually stronger switch-off of anabolism during production. Glutarate formation was favorably abolished in the advanced strains AVA-6A, AVA-6B, and AVA-7, all lacking argD. In a fed-batch process, C. glutamicum AVA-7 produced 46.5 g L-1 AVA at a yield of 0.34 g g-1 and a maximum productivity of 1.52 g L-1 h-1, outperforming all previously reported efforts and stetting a milestone toward industrial manufacturing of AVA. Notably, the novel cell factories are fully genome-based, offering high genetic stability and requiring no selection markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Rohles
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Germany
| | - Sarah Pauli
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Germany
| | | | | | - Judith Becker
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Germany
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26
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Kalezic A, Korac A, Korac B, Jankovic A. l-Arginine Induces White Adipose Tissue Browning-A New Pharmaceutical Alternative to Cold. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071368. [PMID: 35890263 PMCID: PMC9324995 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The beneficial effects of l-arginine supplementation in obesity and type II diabetes involve white adipose tissue (WAT) reduction and increased substrate oxidation. We aimed to test the potential of l-arginine to induce WAT browning. Therefore, the molecular basis of browning was investigated in retroperitoneal WAT (rpWAT) of rats exposed to cold or treated with 2.25% l-arginine for 1, 3, and 7 days. Compared to untreated control, levels of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase protein expression and NO signaling increased in both cold-exposed and l-arginine-treated groups. These increases coincided with the appearance of multilocular adipocytes and increased expression levels of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), thermogenic and beige adipocyte-specific genes (Cidea, Cd137, and Tmem26), mitochondriogenesis markers (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ coactivator-1α, mitochondrial DNA copy number), nuclear respiratory factor 1, PPARα and their respective downstream lipid oxidation enzymes after l-arginine treatment. Such browning phenotype in the l-arginine-treated group was concordant with end-course decreases in leptinaemia, rpWAT mass, and body weight. In conclusion, l-arginine mimics cold-mediated increases in NO signaling in rpWAT and induces molecular and structural fingerprints of rpWAT browning. The results endorse l-arginine as a pharmaceutical alternative to cold exposure, which could be of great interest in obesity and associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andjelika Kalezic
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Korac
- Faculty of Biology, Center for Electron Microscopy, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Bato Korac
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Aleksandra Jankovic
- Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.K.); (B.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-2078-307
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27
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Heuser SK, LoBue A, Li J, Zhuge Z, Leo F, Suvorava T, Olsson A, Schneckmann R, Guimaraes Braga DD, Srivrastava T, Montero L, Schmitz OJ, Schmitt JP, Grandoch M, Weitzberg E, Lundberg JO, Pernow J, Kelm M, Carlström M, Cortese-Krott MM. Downregulation of eNOS and preserved endothelial function in endothelial-specific arginase 1-deficient mice. Nitric Oxide 2022; 125-126:69-77. [PMID: 35752264 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Arginase 1 (Arg1) is a ubiquitous enzyme belonging to the urea cycle that catalyzes the conversion of l-arginine into l-ornithine and urea. In endothelial cells (ECs), Arg1 was proposed to limit the availability of l-arginine for the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and thereby reduce nitric oxide (NO) production, thus promoting endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease. The role of EC Arg1 under homeostatic conditions is in vivo less understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of EC Arg1 on the regulation of eNOS, vascular tone, and endothelial function under normal homeostatic conditions in vivo and ex vivo. By using a tamoxifen-inducible EC-specific gene-targeting approach, we generated EC Arg1 KO mice. Efficiency and specificity of the gene targeting strategy was demonstrated by DNA recombination and loss of Arg1 expression measured after tamoxifen treatment in EC only. In EC Arg1 KO mice we found a significant decrease in Arg1 expression in heart and lung ECs and in the aorta, however, vascular enzymatic activity was preserved likely due to the presence of high levels of Arg1 in smooth muscle cells. Moreover, we found a downregulation of eNOS expression in the aorta, and a fully preserved systemic l-arginine and NO bioavailability, as demonstrated by the levels of l-arginine, l-ornithine, and l-citrulline as well as nitrite, nitrate, and nitroso-species. Lung and liver tissues from EC Arg1 KO mice showed respectively increase or decrease in nitrosyl-heme species, indicating that the lack of endothelial Arg1 affects NO bioavailability in these organs. In addition, EC Arg1 KO mice showed fully preserved acetylcholine-mediated vascular relaxation in both conductance and resistant vessels but increased phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction. Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure and cardiac performance in EC Arg1 KO mice were not different from the wild-type littermate controls. In conclusion, under normal homeostatic conditions, lack of EC Arg1 expression is associated with a down-regulation of eNOS expression but a preserved NO bioavailability and vascular endothelial function. These results suggest that a cross-talk exists between Arg1 and eNOS to control NO production in ECs, which depends on both L-Arg availability and EC Arg1-dependent eNOS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia K Heuser
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anthea LoBue
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Junjie Li
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Zhengbing Zhuge
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Leo
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tatsiana Suvorava
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany
| | - Annika Olsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rebekka Schneckmann
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany
| | | | - Tanu Srivrastava
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany
| | - Lidia Montero
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Oliver J Schmitz
- Applied Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
| | - Joachim P Schmitt
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Germany
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - John Pernow
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malte Kelm
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology Pneumology and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; CARID, Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miriam M Cortese-Krott
- Myocardial Infarction Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Angiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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28
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Wang H, Xiao Y, Xu C, Cao Y, Jing P, Wu S, Liu J, Bao W. Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Analyses Reveal Metabolic Mechanisms in Porcine Intestinal Epithelial Cells under Zearalenone Stress. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:6561-6572. [PMID: 35583463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin that frequently occurs in agricultural crops and related products and seriously threatens both animal feed and human food safety. To identify key metabolites and regulators involved in ZEA toxicological processes, we performed metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of porcine IPEC-J2 intestinal epithelial cells upon ZEA exposure using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS and RNA-seq techniques. A total of 325 differential metabolites and 5646 differentially expressed genes were detected. Integrated analyses of metabolomic and transcriptomic data indicated that metabolic processes including lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism were most affected. Exogenous addition of the key metabolite l-arginine significantly facilitated ZEA metabolism and ameliorated ZEA-induced reactive oxygen species levels and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, l -arginine contributed to the expression of phase II detoxification genes (SULT2B1, GSTA1, GSTM3, and GPX4). l-Arginine addition also increased the protein levels of LC3-II and Beclin 1, and downregulated p62/SQSTM1 levels, indicating its regulatory roles in autophagic flux activation upon ZEA exposure. This study provided global insights into metabolic and transcriptional changes as well as key metabolites and regulators underlying the cellular response to ZEA exposure, and paved the way for the identification of metabolic and molecular targets for biomonitoring and controlling contamination by ZEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yeyi Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Pengfei Jing
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shenglong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Wenbin Bao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics, Breeding, Reproduction and Molecular Design, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Liang M, Wang Z, Li H, Liu B, Yang L. l-Arginine prevents 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal accumulation and depresses inflammation via inhibiting NF-κB activation. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23087. [PMID: 35470495 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is an inducer of inflammation. The aim of this study was to elicit the link between the inhibition of HNE accumulation and the depression of inflammation whether dependent onl-arginine availability in growing rats. Male Wistar rats were fed with different levels of l-arginine at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight for 14 days. The control group was fed with commercial pellets. After 14 days of oral administration, l-arginine significantly reduced hepatic accumulation of HNE and depressed inflammation in rats as compared with the control group. Compared to the control group, the anti-inflammatory action of l-arginine is reflected by upregulation of hepatic interleukin-10 (IL-10) and the suppression of hepatic cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrotic factor α, IL-1β, and IL-6 expressions in growing rats. With l-arginine administration, the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) was efficaciously inhibited through the upregulation of inhibitory κBα, and the depression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that l-arginine could reduce hepatic HNE levels and depress inflammation in growing rats, revealing a link between the inhibition of HNE accumulation with the depression of inflammation, which was attributed to the availability of l-arginine. A significant finding of this study was that the anti-inflammatory mechanism exerted by l-arginine was to inhibit NF-κB activation via downregulating PI3K/Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcai Liang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhengxuan Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Bingxiao Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
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Córdova-Martínez A, Caballero-García A, Bello HJ, Pons-Biescas A, Noriega DC, Roche E. l-Arginine and Beetroot Extract Supplementation in the Prevention of Sarcopenia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030290. [PMID: 35337088 PMCID: PMC8954952 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with a significant decline in neuromuscular function, leading to a reduction in muscle mass and strength. The aim of the present report was to evaluate the effect of supplementation with nitric oxide precursors (l-arginine and beetroot extract) in muscular function during a training period of 6 weeks in elderly men and women. The study (double-blind, placebo-controlled) involved 66 subjects randomly divided into three groups: placebo, arginine-supplemented and beetroot extract-supplemented. At the end of this period, no changes in anthropometric parameters were observed. Regarding other circulating parameters, urea levels were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in women of the beetroot-supplemented group (31.6 ± 5.9 mg/dL) compared to placebo (41.3 ± 8.5 mg/dL) after 6 weeks of training. In addition, the circulating creatine kinase activity, as an index of muscle functionality, was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in women of the arginine- (214.1 ± 162.2 mIU/L) compared to the beetroot-supplemented group (84.4 ± 36.8 mIU/L) at the end of intervention. No significant effects were noticed with l-arginine or beetroot extract supplementation regarding strength, endurance and SPPB index. Only beetroot extract supplementation improved physical fitness significantly (p < 0.05) in the sprint exercise in men after 6 weeks (2.33 ± 0.59 s) compared to the baseline (2.72 ± 0.41 s). In conclusion, beetroot seems to be more efficient during short-term training while supplementing, preserving muscle functionality in women (decreased levels of circulating creatine kinase) and with modest effects in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Córdova-Martínez
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, GIR Physical Exercise and Aging, University of Valladolid, Campus Duques de Soria, 42004 Soria, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.C.-M.); (E.R.)
| | - Alberto Caballero-García
- Department of Anatomy and Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, GIR Physical Exercise and Aging, University of Valladolid, Campus Los Pajaritos, 42004 Soria, Spain;
| | - Hugo J. Bello
- Department of Mathematics, School of Forestry, Agronomy and Bioenergy Engineering, GIR Physical Exercise and Aging, University of Valladolid, Campus Los Pajaritos, 42004 Soria, Spain;
| | - Antoni Pons-Biescas
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain;
| | - David C. Noriega
- Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, 03010 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Enrique Roche
- Department of Mathematics, School of Forestry, Agronomy and Bioenergy Engineering, GIR Physical Exercise and Aging, University of Valladolid, Campus Los Pajaritos, 42004 Soria, Spain;
- Department of Applied Biology-Nutrition, Institute of Bioengineering, University Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL Foundation), 03010 Alicante, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.C.-M.); (E.R.)
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Efendic F, Sapmaz T, Canbaz HT, Pence HH, Irkorucu O. Histological and biochemical apoptosis changes of female rats' ovary by Zinc oxide nanoparticles and potential protective effects of l-arginine: An experimental study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 74:103290. [PMID: 35198165 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This research aims to investigate the adverse effects of ZnO NP on ovarian tissue and the follicular and menstrual cycle and the protective effects of l-arginine on the aforementioned tissues. Material and methods 30 rats were divided into five groups. The first group was the control group. The second and fourth groups received 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg ZnO NP, respectively. The third and fifth groups received the same doses of ZnO NP as the second and fourth groups, respectively. However, the third and fifth groups received an additional dose of 1.3 gr/kg of LA amino acid. ZnO NP and LA are given intraperitoneal for 21 days. Blood samples from each rat and a part of the ovarium were collected to test for gene expression and histological analysis. Results Compared to levels of housekeeping gene β-actine, levels of apoptosis effectors such as Bax, Bcl, Caspase 3, and Caspase 9 were significantly increased in all groups. In groups that received doses of LA (three and five), atretic follicle size was smaller compared to groups that did not receive LA (two and four). In addition, in the third group, the secondary and primordial follicle's generated oocytes were smaller compared with groups two, four, and five. Compared with the control group, all groups experienced morphological degeneration of follicles and tissue. Conclusion ZnO NP has inevitable, morphological, and physiological effects on the ovary and can detrimentally impact the tissue. LA can aid in the regeneration of the tissue and block damage induced by stress and toxicity. Zinc oxide nanoparticles are widely used in various everyday products, such as food packaging, additives, cosmetics, and bioimaging. Using Zinc oxide nanoparticles in daily life may cause infertility by reducing the number of follicles in the ovary. L-Arginine may be a beneficial daily supplement to prevent damage to the ovaries induced by Zinc oxide nanoparticles.
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Akins JD, Richey RE, Campbell JC, Martin ZT, Olvera G, Brothers RM. Contributions of endothelin-1 and l-arginine to blunted cutaneous microvascular function in young, black women. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H260-H268. [PMID: 34919455 PMCID: PMC8759956 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00457.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Non-Hispanic black (BL) individuals have the greatest prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), relative to other racial/ethnic groups (e.g., non-Hispanic white population; WH), which may be secondary to blunted vascular function. Although women typically present with reduced CVD relative to men of the same racial/ethnic group, the prevalence is similar between BL women and men though the mechanisms differ. This study hypothesized that reduced microvascular function in young, BL women is associated with endothelin-1 (ET-1) overactivity or insufficient l-arginine bioavailability. Nine BL and nine WH women participated (age: 20 ± 2 vs. 22 ± 2 yr). Cutaneous microvascular function was assessed during 39°C local heating, whereas lactated Ringer's (control), BQ-123 (ET-1 receptor type A antagonist), BQ-788 (ET-1 receptor type B antagonist), or l-arginine were infused via intradermal microdialysis to modify cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC). Subsequent infusion of Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester allowed for quantification of the nitric oxide (NO) contribution to vasodilation, whereas combined sodium nitroprusside and 43°C heating allowed for normalization to maximal CVC (%CVCmax). BL women had blunted %CVCmax and NO contribution to dilation during the 39°C plateau (P < 0.027 for both). BQ-123 improved this response through augmented NO-mediated dilation (P < 0.048 for both). BQ-788 and l-arginine did not alter the CVC responses (P > 0.835 for both) or the NO contribution (P > 0.371 for both). Cutaneous microvascular function is reduced in BL women, and ET-1 receptor type A may contribute to this reduced function. Further research is needed to better characterize these mechanisms in young, BL women.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Cardiovascular disease remains a burden in the United States non-Hispanic black (BL) population, although its manifestation through blunted vasodilation in this population is different between men and women. Accordingly, this study determined that reduced microvascular function in young, BL women may be partially controlled by endothelin-1 (ET-1) type A receptors, although neither type B receptors nor insufficient l-arginine bioavailability seems to contribute to this response. Accordingly, further research is needed to better characterize these ET-1 related mechanisms and illuminate other pathways that may contribute to this disparate vascular function in young, BL women.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D. Akins
- 1Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Rauchelle E. Richey
- 1Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas,2Department of Integrative Physiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center at Fort Worth, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Jeremiah C. Campbell
- 1Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Zachary T. Martin
- 1Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
| | - Guillermo Olvera
- 1Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas,3Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Dallas, Texas
| | - R. Matthew Brothers
- 1Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas
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Mohamed MZ, Mohammed HH, Khalaf HM. Therapeutic effect of rupatadine against l-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis in rats: role of inflammation. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:176-183. [PMID: 35050802 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an abrupt inflammatory disorder causing high morbidity and mortality. As AP is an insidious medical emergency, a curative modality is required instead of a preventive measure. Thus, we investigated the possible curative effect of rupatadine on a rat model of AP. Rupatadine is a potent histamine receptor 1 (H1R) and platelet-activating factor (PAF) blocker. We used four groups of six Wistar rats as follows: the control group received vehicle; the rupatadine control group received rupatadine as 6 mg/kg orally; the AP group received l-arginine intraperitoneally, and the treatment group received rupatadine at 1, 6, and 24 h after l-arginine injection. The levels of serum amylase, pancreatic oxidative parameters, and pancreatic cytokines were measured. PAF, histamine, and myeloperoxidase levels were determined in the pancreas. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations were performed to determine nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and caspase 3 expressions. Oxidative damage and severe inflammation were detected in the pancreas of the AP group. Rupatadine reduced the oxidative damage and the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, PAF, histamine, myeloperoxidase, NF-κB, and caspase 3 expressions. It restored the pancreatic acini to almost normal condition. Rupatadine induced important anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic effects against l-arginine-induced AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervat Z Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, 61511 Minia, Egypt
| | - Hanaa H Mohammed
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, 61511 Minia, Egypt
| | - Hanaa M Khalaf
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, 61511 Minia, Egypt
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Kim YJ, Lee JY, Lee JJ, Jeon SM, Silwal P, Kim IS, Kim HJ, Park CR, Chung C, Han JE, Choi JW, Tak EJ, Yoo JH, Jeong SW, Kim DY, Ketphan W, Kim SY, Jhun BW, Whang J, Kim JM, Eoh H, Bae JW, Jo EK. Arginine-mediated gut microbiome remodeling promotes host pulmonary immune defense against nontuberculous mycobacterial infection. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2073132. [PMID: 35579969 PMCID: PMC9116420 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2073132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary diseases (NTM-PDs) are emerging as global health threats with issues of antibiotic resistance. Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut-lung axis may provide novel candidates for host-directed therapeutics against various infectious diseases. However, little is known about the gut-lung axis in the context of host protective immunity to identify new therapeutics for NTM-PDs. This study was performed to identify gut microbes and metabolites capable of conferring pulmonary immunity to NTM-PDs. Using metabolomics analysis of sera from NTM-PD patients and mouse models, we showed that the levels of l-arginine were decreased in sera from NTM-PD patients and NTM-infected mice. Oral administration of l-arginine significantly enhanced pulmonary antimicrobial activities with the expansion of IFN-γ-producing effector T cells and a shift to microbicidal (M1) macrophages in the lungs of NTM-PD model mice. Mice that received fecal microbiota transplants from l-arginine-treated mice showed increased protective host defense in the lungs against NTM-PD, whereas l-arginine-induced pulmonary host defense was attenuated in mice treated with antibiotics. Using 16S rRNA sequencing, we further showed that l-arginine administration resulted in enrichment of the gut microbiota composition with Bifidobacterium species. Notably, oral treatment with either Bifidobacterium pseudolongum or inosine enhanced antimicrobial pulmonary immune defense against NTM infection, even with multidrug-resistant clinical NTM strains. Our findings indicate that l-arginine-induced gut microbiota remodeling with enrichment of B. pseudolongum boosts pulmonary immune defense against NTM infection by driving the protective gut-lung axis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jae Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon, Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon, Korea
| | - June-Young Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Jin Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaCA, USA
| | - Sang Min Jeon
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon, Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon, Korea
| | - Prashanta Silwal
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon, Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon, Korea
| | - In Soo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon, Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon, Korea
| | - Hyeon Ji Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon, Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon, Korea
| | - Cho Rong Park
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon, Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon, Korea
| | - Chaeuk Chung
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon, Korea
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon, Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Han
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee-Won Choi
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Euon Jung Tak
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Yoo
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Won Jeong
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Yeon Kim
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Warisa Ketphan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaCA, USA
| | - Su-Young Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoul, South Korea
| | - Byung Woo Jhun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of MedicineSeoul, South Korea
| | - Jake Whang
- Korea Mycobacterium Resource Center (KMRC) & Basic Research Section, The Korean Institute of Tuberculosis (KIT), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyungjin Eoh
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaCA, USA
| | - Jin-Woo Bae
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeong Jo
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon, Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of MedicineDaejeon, Korea
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Zhao Y, Jiang Q, Zhang X, Zhu X, Dong X, Shen L, Zhang S, Niu L, Chen L, Zhang M, Jiang J, Chen D, Zhu L. l-Arginine Alleviates LPS-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis via Activating SIRT1-AKT-Nrf2 and SIRT1-FOXO3a Signaling Pathways in C2C12 Myotube Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121957. [PMID: 34943060 PMCID: PMC8750292 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
l-arginine (l-Arg) has been reported to possess a wide range of functions, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-apoptosis. However, the role of l-Arg in LPS-induced muscle injury and its potential protective mechanism has not been well elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of l-Arg on the LPS-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in differentiated C2C12 myotube cells. Our results demonstrated that myotube cells treated with 0.2 mg/mL LPS significantly decreased cell viability. l-Arg treatment significantly suppressed LPS induced ROS accumulation and cell apoptosis. Furthermore, l-Arg improved antioxidant-related enzymes’ activities; increased antioxidant ability via Akt-Nrf2 signaling pathway; maintained the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP); and enhanced FOXO3a expression, leading to a decrease in the mitochondrial-associated apoptotic proteins. In addition, l-Arg exposure dramatically increased the mRNA and protein expressions of SIRT1. The cytoprotective effect of l-Arg was restricted by the SIRT1 inhibitor EX527, which led to an increase in ROS level, apoptosis rate, and decreased cell MMP. The results also demonstrated that EX527 treatment significantly eliminated the effect of l-Arg on LPS-induced oxidative damage and mitochondria-mediated cell apoptosis. Our findings revealed that l-Arg could be used as a potential nutraceutical in reducing muscle injury via regulating SIRT1-Akt-Nrf2 and SIRT1-FOXO3a-mitochondria apoptosis signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.J.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (L.N.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Qin Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.J.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (L.N.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Xuefei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.J.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (L.N.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.J.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (L.N.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Xia Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.J.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (L.N.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Linyuan Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.J.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (L.N.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Shunhua Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.J.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (L.N.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Lili Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.J.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (L.N.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.J.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (L.N.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Ming Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.J.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (L.N.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Jun Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.J.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (L.N.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (J.J.)
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (L.Z.)
| | - Li Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Y.Z.); (Q.J.); (X.Z.); (X.Z.); (X.D.); (L.S.); (S.Z.); (L.N.); (L.C.); (M.Z.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (L.Z.)
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Sancineto L, Ostacolo C, Ortega-Alarcon D, Jimenez-Alesanco A, Ceballos-Laita L, Vega S, Abian O, Velazquez-Campoy A, Moretti S, Dabrowska A, Botwina P, Synowiec A, Kula-Pacurar A, Pyrc K, Iraci N, Santi C. l-Arginine Improves Solubility and ANTI SARS-CoV-2 Mpro Activity of Rutin but Not the Antiviral Activity in Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:6062. [PMID: 34641606 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak prompts an urgent need for efficient therapeutics, and repurposing of known drugs has been extensively used in an attempt to get to anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents in the shortest possible time. The glycoside rutin shows manifold pharmacological activities and, despite its use being limited by its poor solubility in water, it is the active principle of many pharmaceutical preparations. We herein report our in silico and experimental investigations of rutin as a SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitor and of its water solubility improvement obtained by mixing it with l-arginine. Tests of the rutin/l-arginine mixture in a cellular model of SARS-CoV-2 infection highlighted that the mixture still suffers from unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties, but nonetheless, the results of this study suggest that rutin might be a good starting point for hit optimization.
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Paul S, Pan S, Mukherjee A, De P. Nitric Oxide Releasing Delivery Platforms: Design, Detection, Biomedical Applications, and Future Possibilities. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3181-3205. [PMID: 34433264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gasotransmitters belong to the subfamily of endogenous gaseous signaling molecules, which find a wide range of biomedical applications. Among the various gasotransmitters, nitric oxide (NO) has an enormous effect on the cardiovascular system. Apart from this, NO showed a pivotal role in neurological, respiratory, and immunological systems. Moreover, the paradoxical concentration-dependent activities make this gaseous signaling molecule more interesting. The gaseous NO has negligible stability in physiological conditions (37 °C, pH 7.4), which restricts their potential therapeutic applications. To overcome this issue, various NO delivering carriers were reported so far. Unfortunately, most of these NO donors have low stability, short half-life, or low NO payload. Herein, we review the synthesis of NO delivering motifs, development of macromolecular NO donors, their advantages/disadvantages, and biological applications. Various NO detection analytical techniques are discussed briefly, and finally, a viewpoint about the design of polymeric NO donors with improved physicochemical characteristics is predicted.
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Yu HR, Hsu TY, Tsai CC, Huang HC, Cheng HH, Lai YJ, Lin YJ, Chen CC, Li SC, Yang K. The Functional DNA Methylation Signatures Relevant to Altered Immune Response of Neonatal T Cells with l-Arginine Supplementation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082780. [PMID: 34444938 PMCID: PMC8401784 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
l-Arginine is an important nutrient in the infant diet that significantly regulates the maturation of the immune system in neonates, including the maturation of CD4+ T cells. The biological activities of CD4+ T cells differ substantially between neonates and adults, and these differences may be governed by epigenetic processes. Investigating these differences and the causative processes may help understand neonatal and developmental immunity. In this study, we compared the functional DNA methylation profiles in CD4+ T cells of neonates and adults, focusing on the role of l-arginine supplementation. Umbilical cord blood and adult CD4+ T cells were cultured with/without l-arginine treatment. By comparing DNA methylation in samples without l-arginine treatment, we found that CD4+ T cells of neonatal cord blood generally showed higher DNA methylation than those of adults (average CpG methylation percentage 0.6305 for neonate and 0.6254 for adult, t-test p-value < 0.0001), suggesting gene silencing in neonates. By examining DNA methylation patterns of CpG dinucleotides induced by l-arginine treatment, we found that more CpG dinucleotides were hypomethylated and more genes appeared to be activated in neonatal T-cells as compared with adult. Genes activated by l-arginine stimulation of cord blood samples were more enriched regarding immune-related pathways. CpG dinucleotides at IL-13 promoter regions were hypomethylated after l-arginine stimulation. Hypomethylated CpG dinucleotides corresponded to higher IL-13 gene expression and cytokine production. Thus, DNA methylation partially accounts for the mechanism underlying differential immune function in neonates. Modulatory effects of l-arginine on DNA methylation are gene-specific. Nutritional intervention is a potential strategy to modulate immune function of neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ren Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan; (H.-R.Y.); (H.-C.H.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Te-Yao Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan; (T.-Y.H.); (C.-C.T.); (H.-H.C.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Ching-Chang Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan; (T.-Y.H.); (C.-C.T.); (H.-H.C.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Hsin-Chun Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan; (H.-R.Y.); (H.-C.H.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Hsin-Hsin Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan; (T.-Y.H.); (C.-C.T.); (H.-H.C.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Yun-Ju Lai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan; (T.-Y.H.); (C.-C.T.); (H.-H.C.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Yu-Ju Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan; (T.-Y.H.); (C.-C.T.); (H.-H.C.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Chih-Cheng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan; (H.-R.Y.); (H.-C.H.); (C.-C.C.)
| | - Sung-Chou Li
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833401, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-C.L.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kuender Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104217, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-C.L.); (K.Y.)
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Stojanović NM, Mitić KV, Randjelović P, Stevanović M, Stojiljković N, Ilić S, Tričković Vukić D, Sokolović D, Jevtović-Stoimenov T, Radulović NS. Thymol regulates the functions of immune cells in the rat peritoneal cavity after l-arginine-induced pancreatitis. Life Sci 2021; 280:119704. [PMID: 34111461 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study aimed to evaluate the protective action of thymol towards l-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) by studying the function of rat peritoneal immune cells. MAIN METHODS Rat peritoneal exudate cells (PECs), obtained 24 h after the injection of l-arginine (350 mg/100 g of b.w.), were evaluated for mitochondrial activity (MTT assay), adherence capacity (methylene-blue assay), and phagocyte enzyme activity (myeloperoxidase, MPO, assay). The activity of α-amylase and free MPO, as well as the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS, i.e. O2-), were determined in the peritoneal exudate fluid. Also, serum α-amylase activity determination and pancreatic tissue pathohistological analysis were performed. KEY FINDING The administered thymol (50 and 100 mg/kg, per os) caused a significant decrease in the PEC mitochondrial activity and adherence capacity when compared with these functions of PECs isolated from rats with AP. A decrease in cellular MPO activity, as well as in the levels of ROS, α-amylase, and free MPO in peritoneal exudates was found in animals treated with thymol compared to the control animals with AP. Additionally, thymol administration prevented an increase in serum α-amylase activity, accompanied by the decrease in pancreatic tissue damage that follows l-arginine application. SIGNIFICANCE The present results showed that thymol exerts significant immunomodulatory properties and a potential to silence PEC functions in inflammatory conditions such as the AP induced by l-arginine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola M Stojanović
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000, Niš, Serbia.
| | - Katarina V Mitić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Pavle Randjelović
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Milica Stevanović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Nenad Stojiljković
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | - Sonja Ilić
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000, Niš, Serbia
| | | | - Dušan Sokolović
- Institute for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Tatjana Jevtović-Stoimenov
- Institute for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Zorana Đinđića 81, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Niko S Radulović
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Mathematics, University of Niš, Višegradska 33, 18000 Niš, Serbia
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Do-Nguyen CC, Stevens RM, Ochoa Gautier JB, Throckmorton A, Mulinari L. Invited commentary for asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA): Is it a risk factor in the repair of aortic coarctation? J Card Surg 2021; 36:2741-2742. [PMID: 33993544 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.15600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chi C Do-Nguyen
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Randy M Stevens
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Juan B Ochoa Gautier
- Intensive Care Unit, Hunterdon Medical Center, Raritan Township, New Jersey, USA
| | - Amy Throckmorton
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Leonardo Mulinari
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, University of Miami Leonard Miller School of Medicine, Holtz Children's Hospital, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
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41
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Reinero M, Beghetti M, Tozzi P, Segesser LKV, Samaja M, Milano G. Nitric Oxide-cGMP Pathway Modulation in an Experimental Model of Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2021; 26:665-676. [PMID: 33969747 PMCID: PMC8547238 DOI: 10.1177/10742484211014162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Manipulation of nitric oxide (NO) may enable control of progression and treatment of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Several approaches may modulate the NO-cGMP pathway in vivo. Here, we investigate the effectiveness of 3 modulatory sites: (i) the amount of l-arginine; (ii) the size of plasma NO stores that stimulate soluble guanylate cyclase; (iii) the conversion of cGMP into inactive 5′-GMP, with respect to hypoxia, to test the effectiveness of the treatments with respect to hypoxia-induced PH. Male rats (n = 80; 10/group) maintained in normoxic (21% O2) or hypoxic chambers (10% O2) for 14 days were subdivided in 4 sub-groups: placebo, l-arginine (20 mg/ml), the NO donor molsidomine (15 mg/kg in drinking water), and phoshodiesterase-5 inhibitor sildenafil (1.4 mg/kg in 0.3 ml saline, i.p.). Hypoxia depressed homeostasis and increased erythropoiesis, heart and right ventricle hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis inducing pulmonary remodeling. Stimulating anyone of the 3 mechanisms that enhance the NO-cGMP pathway helped rescuing the functional and morphological changes in the cardiopulmonary system leading to improvement, sometimes normalization, of the pressures. None of the treatments affected the observed parameters in normoxia. Thus, the 3 modulatory sites are essentially similar in enhancing the NO-cGMP pathway, thereby attenuating the hypoxia-related effects that lead to pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Reinero
- Department Cœur-Vaisseaux, Cardiac Surgery Center, 30635University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maurice Beghetti
- Unité de Cardiologie Pédiatrique, 30538University Hospital of Geneva and Centre Universitaire Romand de Cardiologie et Chirurgie Cardiaque Pédiatrique University of Geneva and Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Piergiorgio Tozzi
- Department Cœur-Vaisseaux, Cardiac Surgery Center, 30635University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ludwig K von Segesser
- Department of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Cardio-Vascular Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele Samaja
- Department of Health Science, 9304University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Milano
- Department Cœur-Vaisseaux, Cardiac Surgery Center, 30635University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Bao P, Chen L, Wang Y, Hu Y, Wang Y, Fang H, Yang H, Zhang B, He B, Zhou C. Quality of frozen porcine Longissimus lumborum muscles injected with l-arginine and l-lysine solution. Meat Sci 2021; 179:108530. [PMID: 33946021 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of l-arginine and l-lysine on the water holding capacity, shear force, color, and protein denaturation of frozen porcine Longissimus lumborum. Four batches were prepared, each corresponding to samples of an experimental treatment: without a cryoprotective solution, injecting a 0.3% sodium tripolyphosphate and 0.5% NaCl solution, a 0.5% l-arginine solution, or a 0.5% l-lysine solution. The results showed that both l-arginine and l-lysine decreased thawing loss, cooking loss, shear force, L⁎ values, b⁎ values, and surface hydrophobicity, but they increased pH values, a⁎ values, percentages of peak areas for T21 relaxation times, and Ca2+-ATPase activity. Additionally, both histological and transmission electron microscopy images showed that l-lysine, and especially l-arginine could inhibit the formation of gaps between fiber bundles, alleviate the disruption of intracellular spaces, and maintain the structural integrity of sarcomeres. Overall, the results showed that both l-arginine and l-lysine hindered the structural damage of muscle fibers during freezing and protected myofibrillar proteins from denaturation, ultimately contributing to superior quality attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengqi Bao
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei, University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Li Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei, University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei, University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei, University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei, University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Hongmei Fang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei, University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Huamei Yang
- Anhui Runbao Food Co., Ltd, Mengcheng 233500, Anhui, PR China
| | - Bao Zhang
- Anhui Runbao Food Co., Ltd, Mengcheng 233500, Anhui, PR China
| | - Bin He
- Anhui Runbao Food Co., Ltd, Mengcheng 233500, Anhui, PR China
| | - Cunliu Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei, University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, PR China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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Thai T, Zhong F, Dang L, Chan E, Ku J, Malle E, Geczy CL, Keaney JF, Thomas SR. Endothelial-transcytosed myeloperoxidase activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase via a phospholipase C-dependent calcium signaling pathway. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 166:255-264. [PMID: 33539947 PMCID: PMC10686581 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.12.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
During vascular inflammation, the leukocyte-derived enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO) is transcytosed across the endothelium and into the sub-endothelial extracellular matrix, where it promotes endothelial dysfunction by catalytically consuming nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). In the presence of chloride ions and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), MPO forms the oxidant hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Here we examined the short-term implications of HOCl produced by endothelial-transcytosed MPO for eNOS activity. Incubation of MPO with cultured aortic endothelial cells (ECs) resulted in its transport into the sub-endothelium. Exposure of MPO-containing ECs to low micromolar concentrations of H2O2 yielded enhanced rates of H2O2 consumption that correlated with HOCl formation and increased eNOS enzyme activity. The MPO-dependent activation of eNOS occurred despite reduced cellular uptake of the eNOS substrate l-arginine, which involved a decrease in the maximal activity (Vmax), but not substrate affinity (Km), of the major endothelial l-arginine transporter, cationic amino acid transporter-1. Activation of eNOS in MPO-containing ECs exposed to H2O2 involved a rapid elevation in cytosolic calcium and increased eNOS phosphorylation at Ser-1179 and de-phosphorylation at Thr-497. These signaling events were attenuated by intracellular calcium chelation, removal of extracellular calcium and inhibition of phospholipase C. This study shows that stimulation of endothelial-transcytosed MPO activates eNOS by promoting phospholipase C-dependent calcium signaling and altered eNOS phosphorylation at Ser-1179 and Thr-497. This may constitute a compensatory signaling response of ECs aimed at maintaining eNOS activity and NO production in the face of MPO-catalyzed oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuan Thai
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Education, University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Fei Zhong
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lei Dang
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Enoch Chan
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Ku
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ernst Malle
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Carolyn L Geczy
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John F Keaney
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shane R Thomas
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Galluccio E, Spadoni S, Fontana B, Bosi E, Piatti P, Monti LD. Long lasting protective effects of early l-arginine treatment on endothelium in an in vitro study. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:1519-1529. [PMID: 33743287 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Excess nutrient supply, such as high fat and high glucose intake, promotes oxidative stress and advanced glycation end products accumulation. Oxidative stress and AGE accumulation cause pathological elevation of arginase activity and pro-inflammatory signaling implicated in endothelial dysfunction. Several studies showed positive effects of l-arginine supplementation in endothelial function but little is currently known about the role of l-arginine as prevention of endothelial dysfunction caused by excessive nutrient supply (overfeeding). Our aim was to evaluate a possible protective effect of l-arginine on endothelial dysfunction caused by excessive nutrient supply (overfeeding), using human endothelial cells line in an in vitro study. METHODS Endothelial EA.hy926 cells were pre-treated with 1.72 mM of l-arginine for 24 h and afterwards subjected to nutritional stress (high lipid, high insulin and high glucose concentrations) for further 24 h. After treatment discontinuation, the cells were kept in culture for 48 h, in physiological condition, to evaluate the effects of treatments after normalization. RESULTS Excess nutrient supply in EA.hy926 cell line showed an increase of oxidative and nitrosative stress, a rise of AGEs production, high arginase activity, leading the cells to acidosis and to cell death. l-arginine pretreatment protects the cells by reducing apoptosis, acidosis, oxidative and nitrosative stress, arginase activity and AGE accumulation. l-arginine pretreatment reduces AGEs generation and accumulation by regulating STAB1 and RAGE gene expression levels. STAB1, acting as receptor scavenger of AGEs, interferes with AGE-RAGE binding and thus prevents activation of intracellular signaling pathways leading to cell damage. Moreover the reduction of oxidative stress promotes a decrease of excessive activation of arginase involved in endothelial dysfunction. The effects of pretreatment with l-arginine last even in the absence of stimuli and despite after treatment discontinuation. CONCLUSIONS An early l-arginine treatment is able to prevent oxidative stress and AGEs accumulation caused by overfeeding in human endothelial cell line by regulating STAB1/RAGE gene expression and by reducing excess arginase activity. The positive effects of l-arginine pretreatment continue even after treatment discontinuation in normal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Galluccio
- Cardio-Diabetes and Core Lab Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy; Cardio-Metabolism and Clinical Trials Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Serena Spadoni
- Cardio-Diabetes and Core Lab Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy; Cardio-Metabolism and Clinical Trials Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Barbara Fontana
- Cardio-Diabetes and Core Lab Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy; Cardio-Metabolism and Clinical Trials Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Bosi
- Cardio-Diabetes and Core Lab Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy; Cardio-Metabolism and Clinical Trials Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Piermarco Piatti
- Cardio-Diabetes and Core Lab Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy; Cardio-Metabolism and Clinical Trials Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Lucilla D Monti
- Cardio-Diabetes and Core Lab Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy; Cardio-Metabolism and Clinical Trials Unit, Diabetes Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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Zhang D, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Chen L, Bao P, Fang H, Zhou C. l-Arginine and l-Lysine Alleviate Myosin from Oxidation: Their Role in Maintaining Myosin's Emulsifying Properties. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:3189-3198. [PMID: 33496584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the alleviative effects of l-arginine and l-lysine on the emulsifying properties and structural changes of myosin under hydroxyl radical (·OH) stress. The results showed that ·OH decreased the emulsifying activity index and emulsifying stability index but increased the creaming index and droplet size of a soybean oil-myosin emulsion (SOME). Confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated that ·OH caused larger and more inhomogeneous SOME droplets. l-Arginine and l-lysine effectively alleviated ·OH-induced destructive effects on the emulsifying properties of myosin. In addition, ·OH increased the extent of protein carbonylation and dityrosine formation, surface hydrophobicity, and β-sheet content, but decreased the tryptophan fluorescence intensity, solubility, total sulfhydryl, and α-helix content of myosin. Although l-lysine increased dityrosine fluorescence intensity, l-arginine and l-lysine effectively alleviated the aforementioned structural changes of myosin. Therefore, l-arginine and l-lysine could mitigate ·OH-induced structural changes of myosin, which enabled myosin to maintain its emulsifying capacity under oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daojing Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, P. R. China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Yinyin Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, P. R. China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Yajun Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, P. R. China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Li Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, P. R. China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Pengqi Bao
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, P. R. China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Fang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, P. R. China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Cunliu Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, P. R. China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
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Salmani M, Alipoor E, Navid H, Farahbakhsh P, Yaseri M, Imani H. Effect of l-arginine on cardiac reverse remodeling and quality of life in patients with heart failure. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:3037-3044. [PMID: 33610421 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Heart failure (HF), as a major cardiac disease, is associated with considerable mortality, morbidities and poor quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of l-arginine supplementation on cardiac outcomes and quality of life in patients with ischemic HF. METHODS This double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in 50 patients with ischemic HF. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either 3 gr/d l-arginine or placebo, for 10 weeks. Cardiac function (based on echocardiography and six-minute walk test), blood pressure, and quality of life (based on the Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire) were assessed. RESULTS The results showed significant improvements in ejection fraction (-6.5 ± 8.7 vs. -0.7 ± 7.8%, P = 0.037), left ventricular function (P = 0.043), diastolic dysfunction (P = 0.01) and marginally improvement in changes of left ventricular dimension during diastole (LVDd) (4 ± 6 vs. 0.3 ± 6.9 mm, P = 0.065) in the l-arginine compared to the placebo group. At the end of the study, physical aspect (5.7 ± 3.3 vs. 1.2 ± 6.1, P = 0.002) and total score (10 ± 6.7 vs. 4.1 ± 9.4, P = 0.011) of quality of life improved significantly in the l-arginine compared with the placebo group. Additionally, pre-to post-values of diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, LVDd, LV ejection fraction, left ventricular function, diastolic dysfunction as well as physical and total scores of quality of life improved significantly within the intervention, but not the placebo, group (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study showed that 3 gr/d l-arginine supplementation for 10 weeks could improve cardiac recovery and function, and quality of life in patients with HF. This study was registered at the Iranian Clinical Trial Registration Center (www.irct.ir) with IRCT20170202032367N4 code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Salmani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Alipoor
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Navid
- Department of Heart Failure and Heart Transplantation, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payam Farahbakhsh
- Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yaseri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Imani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Hossain MM, Iimura KI. Interactions of l-arginine with Langmuir monolayers of common phospholipids at the air-water interface. Chem Phys Lipids 2021; 235:105054. [PMID: 33508301 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2021.105054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The interactions of l-arginine (l-arg) with Langmuir monolayers of three most common phospholipids, which are sodium salt of dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG), dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE), have been investigated at the air-water interface. The surface pressure-area (π-A) isotherms of these monolayers have been measured with a film balance and monolayer morphology has been observed by a Brewster angle microscopy (BAM). The DPPG monolayers on pure water do not show any phase transition but show irregular shaped condensed phases formed just after evaporation of the solvent at 20 °C. However, this monolayer on l-arg solution subphase indicates a first-order phase transition from liquid expanded to liquid condensed (LE-LC) phases and forms LC domains at the same temperature. With an increase in the l-arg concentration in the subphase up to 5.0 × 10-4 M, the π-A shows an overall increasingly greater expansion in the molecular area. All of the π-A isotherms recorded on ≥5.0 × 10-4 M l-arg solution subphases almost coincide with each other. These changes in the phase behavior have been explained by the fact that l-arg having guanidinium cationic group undergoes strong hydrogen bonding interaction with the anionic phosphatidylglycerol (PG-) head group. The bonding between two molecules is further strengthened by electrostatic attraction between cationic l-arg and anionic PG- ions. The BAM observation of the monolayer morphology supports this explanation. On the other hand, a very negligible interaction has been observed between l-arg and DPPC or DPPE monolayers. The π-A isotherms in the presence of l-arg for both the amphiphiles show a very little expansion only in the LE phase region, but coincide in the so called solid phase region. The monolayer morphology of both the monolayers also supports these results. This little effect of expansion in the LE region may be explained by the ion-pair formation between cationic l-arg and anionic head groups in the monolayers at lower pressures. However, due to compression at high pressure, the l-arg molecules are squeezed out from the amphiphile head groups.
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NejadShahrokhAbadi R, Zangouei AS, Mohebbati R, Shafei MN. Determining the cardiovascular effects of nitric oxide in the dorsolateral Periaqueductal Gray (dlPAG) in anaesthetised rats. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2020; 15:502-508. [PMID: 33318742 PMCID: PMC7715464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The dorsolateral periaqueductal gray (dlPAG) is an area located in the brain stem that performs a host of functions including cardiovascular regulation. Owing to the presence of nitric oxide (NO) in this area, we investigated its effect on the cardiovascular system. METHODS We divided rats into four groups: 1) control; 2) l-arginine (L-Arg, a precursor for nitric oxide, 60 nmol); 3) l-NAME (N omega-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, 90 nmol); and 4) sodium nitroprusside (SNP, a nitric oxide donor, 27 nmol). After anaesthesia, the rats were mounted on a stereotaxic apparatus and the drugs were microinjected into the dlPAG. Cardiovascular parameters were continuously recorded by a PowerLab system connected to the cannulated femoral artery via a pressure transducer. The changes (Δ) of systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) were calculated at different times as compared to the control group. RESULTS In the l-NAME group, the ΔSBP, ΔMAP, and ΔHR were not significantly affected compared to the control group. In the L-Arg group, ΔSBP and ΔMAP increased; however, only SBP showed a significant increase compared to the control group. In the SNP group, SBP and MAP were significantly affected in comparison to the controls. Additionally, ΔHR decreased in both L-Arg and SNP, but was only significant in L-Arg. CONCLUSION Our study showed that NO of dlPAG has a pressor effect and attenuates baroreflex bradycardia. However, its pressor effect is more significant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amir Sadra Zangouei
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Mohebbati
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Naser Shafei
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Peñaloza HF, Ahn D, Schultz BM, Piña-Iturbe A, González LA, Bueno SM. L-Arginine Enhances Intracellular Killing of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 by Murine Neutrophils. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:571771. [PMID: 33282749 PMCID: PMC7691228 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.571771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 (CRKP-ST258) are a global concern due to their rapid dissemination, high lethality, antibiotic resistance and resistance to components of the immune response, such as neutrophils. Neutrophils are major host mediators, able to kill well-studied and antibiotic-sensitive laboratory reference strains of K. pneumoniae. However, CRKP-ST258 are able to evade neutrophil phagocytic killing, persisting longer in the host despite robust neutrophil recruitment. Here, we show that neutrophils are unable to clear a CRKP-ST258 isolate (KP35). Compared to the response elicited by a prototypic K. pneumoniae ATCC 43816 (KPPR1), the neutrophil intracellular response against KP35 is characterized by equivalent production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and myeloperoxidase content, but impaired phagosomal acidification. Our results ruled out that this phenomenon is due to a phagocytosis defect, as we observed similar efficiency of phagocytosis by neutrophils infected with KP35 or KPPR1. Genomic analysis of the cps loci of KPPR1 and KP35 suggest that the capsule composition of KP35 explain the high phagocytosis efficiency by neutrophils. Consistent with other reports, we show that KP35 did not induce DNA release by neutrophils and KPPR1 only induced it at 3 h, when most of the bacteria have already been cleared. l-arginine metabolism has been identified as an important modulator of the host immune response and positively regulate T cells, macrophages and neutrophils in response to microbes. Our data show that l-arginine supplementation improved phagosome acidification, increased ROS production and enhanced nitric oxide consumption by neutrophils in response to KP35. The enhanced intracellular response observed after l-arginine supplementation ultimately improved KP35 clearance in vitro. KP35 was able to dysregulate the intracellular microbicidal machinery of neutrophils to survive in the intracellular environment. This process, however, can be reversed after l-arginine supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán F Peñaloza
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Danielle Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bárbara M Schultz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Piña-Iturbe
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Liliana A González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Jiang Y, Sheng Q, Wu XY, Ye BC, Zhang B. l-arginine production in Corynebacterium glutamicum: manipulation and optimization of the metabolic process. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 41:172-185. [PMID: 33153325 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1844625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As an important semi-essential amino acid, l-arginine is extensively used in the food and pharmaceutical fields. At present, l-arginine production depends on cost-effective, green, and sustainable microbial fermentation by using a renewable carbon source. To enhance its fermentative production, various metabolic engineering strategies have been employed, which provide valid paths for reducing the cost of l-arginine production. This review summarizes recent advances in molecular biology strategies for the optimization of l-arginine-producing strains, including manipulating the principal metabolic pathway, modulating the carbon metabolic pathway, improving the intracellular biosynthesis of cofactors and energy usage, manipulating the assimilation of ammonia, improving the transportation and membrane permeability, and performing biosensor-assisted high throughput screening, providing useful insight into the current state of l-arginine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jiang
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qi Sheng
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bang-Ce Ye
- Laboratory of Biosystems and Microanalysis, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory for the Development and Utilization of Agricultural Microbial Resources, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China.,College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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