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Vlasakova K, Tsuchiya T, Garfinkel IN, Ruth MP, Tyszkiewicz C, Detwiler TJ, Somps CJ, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Glaab WE. Performance of biomarkers NF-L, NSE, Tau and GFAP in blood and cerebrospinal fluid in rat for the detection of nervous system injury. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1285359. [PMID: 38292901 PMCID: PMC10824906 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1285359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Target organ toxicity is often a reason for attritions in nonclinical and clinical drug development. Leveraging emerging safety biomarkers in nonclinical studies provides an opportunity to monitor such toxicities early and efficiently, potentially translating to early clinical trials. As a part of the European Union's Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI), two projects have focused on evaluating safety biomarkers of nervous system (NS) toxicity: Translational Safety Biomarker Pipeline (TransBioLine) and Neurotoxicity De-Risking in Preclinical Drug Discovery (NeuroDeRisk). Methods Performance of fluid-based NS injury biomarker candidates neurofilament light chain (NF-L), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuron specific enolase (NSE) and total Tau in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was evaluated in 15 rat in vivo studies. Model nervous system toxicants as well as other compounds were used to evaluate sensitivity and specificity. Histopathologic assessments of nervous tissues and behavioral observations were conducted to detect and characterize NS injuries. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves were generated to compare the relative performance of the biomarkers in their ability to detect NS injury. Results NF-L was the best performer in detecting both peripheral nervous system (PNS) and CNS injury in plasma, (AUC of 0.97-0.99; respectively). In CSF, Tau correlated the best with CNS (AUC 0.97), but not PNS injury. NSE and GFAP were suitable for monitoring CNS injury, but with lesser sensitivity. In summary, NF-L is a sensitive and specific biomarker in rats for detecting compound-induced central and peripheral NS injuries. While NF-L measurement alone cannot inform the site of the injury, addition of biomarkers like Tau and NSE and analysis in both blood and CSF can provide additional information about the origin of the NS injury. Conclusion These results demonstrate the utility of emerging safety biomarkers of drug-induced NS injury in rats and provide additional supporting evidence for biomarker translation across species and potential use in clinical settings to monitor drug-induced NS injury in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Lee S, Park JS, You Y, Min JH, Jeong W, Ahn HJ, In YN, Cho YC, Lee IH, Lee JK, Kang C. Preliminary Prognostication for Good Neurological Outcomes in the Early Stage of Post-Cardiac Arrest Care. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2174. [PMID: 37443569 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13132174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated prognostic strategies for predicting good outcomes in the early stage of post-cardiac-arrest care using multiple prognostic tests that are available until 24 h after the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). A retrospective analysis was conducted on 138 out-of-hospital cardiac-arrest patients who underwent prognostic tests, including the gray-white-matter ratio (GWR-BG), the Glasgow Coma Scale motor (GCS-M) score before sedative administration, and the neuron-specific enolase (NSE) level measured at 24 h after the ROSC. We investigated the prognostic performances of the tests as single predictors and in various combination strategies. Classification and regression-tree analysis were used to provide a reliable model for the risk stratification. Out of all the patients, 55 (44.0%) had good outcomes. The NSE level showed the highest prognostic performance as a single prognostic test and provided improved specificities (>70%) and sensitivities (>98%) when used in combination strategies. Low NSE levels (≤32.1 ng/mL) and high GCS-M (≥4) scores identified good outcomes without misclassification. The overall accuracy for good outcomes was 81.8%. In comatose patients with low NSE levels or high GCS-M scores, the premature withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy should be avoided, thereby complying with the formal prognostication-strategy algorithm after at least 72 h from the ROSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghyuk Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Soo Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 282 Mokdong-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonho You
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hong Min
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 282 Mokdong-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, 20, Bodeum 7-ro, Sejong 30099, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjoon Jeong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 282 Mokdong-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Joon Ahn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 282 Mokdong-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Nam In
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 282 Mokdong-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, 20, Bodeum 7-ro, Sejong 30099, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Chul Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ho Lee
- Department of Radiology, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 282 Mokdong-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Konyang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Changshin Kang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 282 Mokdong-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea
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Haertel F, Babst J, Bruening C, Bogoviku J, Otto S, Fritzenwanger M, Gecks T, Ebelt H, Moebius-Winkler S, Schulze PC, Pfeifer R. Effect of Hemolysis Regarding the Characterization and Prognostic Relevance of Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE) after Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation with Extracorporeal Circulation (eCPR). J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12083015. [PMID: 37109353 PMCID: PMC10146981 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12083015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemolysis, a common adverse event associated with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO), may affect neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels and potentially confound its prognostic value in predicting neurological outcomes in resuscitated patients without return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) that require extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eCPR). Therefore, a better understanding of the relationship between hemolysis and NSE levels could help to improve the accuracy of NSE as a prognostic marker in this patient population. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the records of patients who received a VA-ECMO for eCPR between 2004 and 2021 and were treated in the medical intensive care unit (ICU) of the University Hospital Jena. The outcome was measured clinically by using the Cerebral Performance Category Scale (CPC) four weeks after eCPR. The serum concentration of NSE (baseline until 96 h) was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To evaluate the ability of individual NSE measurements to discriminate, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated. Serum-free hemoglobin (fHb, baseline until 96 h) served as a marker for identifying a confounding effect of parallel hemolysis. RESULTS 190 patients were included in our study. A total of 86.8% died within 4 weeks after ICU admission or remained unconscious (CPC 3-5), and 13.2% survived with a residual mild to moderate neurological deficit (CPC 1-2). Starting 24h after CPR, NSE was significantly lower and continued to decrease in patients with CPC 1-2 compared to the group with an unfavorable outcome of CPC 3-5. In addition, when evaluating on the basis of receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC), relevant and stable area under the curve (AUC) values for NSE could be calculated (48 h: 0.85 // 72 h: 0.84 // 96 h: 0.80; p < 0.01), and on the basis of a binary logistic regression model, relevant odds ratios for the NSE values were found even after adjusting for fHb regarding the prediction of an unfavorable outcome of CPC 3-5. The respective adjusted AUCs of the combined predictive probabilities were significant (48 h: 0.79 // 72 h: 0.76 // 96 h: 0.72; p ≤ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms NSE as a reliable prognostic marker for poor neurological outcomes in resuscitated patients receiving VA-ECMO therapy. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that potential hemolysis during VA-ECMO does not significantly impact NSE's prognostic value. These findings are crucial for clinical decision making and prognostic assessment in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Haertel
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Josephine Babst
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Christiane Bruening
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Jurgen Bogoviku
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Sylvia Otto
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Fritzenwanger
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Gecks
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Henning Ebelt
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Halle (Saale), Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department for Internal Medicine II, Katholisches Krankenhaus "St. Johann Nepomuk", Haarbergstr. 72, 99097 Erfurt, Germany
| | - Sven Moebius-Winkler
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - P Christian Schulze
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Ruediger Pfeifer
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
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Bartlett S, Nagaraja TN, Griffith B, Farmer KG, Van Harn M, Haider S, Hunt RJ, Cabral G, Knight RA, Valadie OG, Brown SL, Ewing JR, Lee IY. Persistent Peri-Ablation Blood-Brain Barrier Opening After Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Brain Tumors. Cureus 2023; 15:e37397. [PMID: 37182017 PMCID: PMC10171839 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) is a minimally invasive, image-guided, cytoreductive procedure to treat recurrent glioblastoma. This study implemented dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) methods and employed a model selection paradigm to localize and quantify post-LITT blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability in the ablation vicinity. Serum levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), a peripheral marker of increased BBB permeability, were measured. Methods Seventeen patients were enrolled in the study. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, serum NSE was measured preoperatively, 24 hours postoperatively, and at two, eight, 12, and 16 weeks postoperatively, depending on postoperative adjuvant treatment. Of the 17 patients, four had longitudinal DCE-MRI data available, from which blood-to-brain forward volumetric transfer constant (Ktrans) data were assessed. Imaging was performed preoperatively, 24 hours postoperatively, and between two and eight weeks postoperatively. Results Serum NSE increased at 24 hours following ablation (p=0.04), peaked at two weeks, and returned to baseline by eight weeks postoperatively. Ktrans was found to be elevated in the peri-ablation periphery 24 hours after the procedure. This increase persisted for two weeks. Conclusion Following the LITT procedure, serum NSE levels and peri-ablation Ktrans estimated from DCE-MRI demonstrated increases during the first two weeks after ablation, suggesting transiently increased BBB permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seamus Bartlett
- Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Sameah Haider
- Neurological Surgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ian Y Lee
- Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, USA
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Ma K, Liu Z, Wang W. Changes of serum NSE, lactate and CRP in patients with postoperative infection after acute craniocerebral injury and their predictive value for prognosis. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-15. [PMID: 36946559 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2191067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the changes of serum neuron-specific enolase (NSE), lactate and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with postoperative infection after acute craniocerebral injury and their predictive value for prognosis. 71 patients with postoperative infection after acute craniocerebral injury were selected as infection group, and 56 patients without postoperative infection were selected as non-infection group. NSE, CRP and blood lactic acid levels were detected in all patients. The relationship between each index and thecondition and prognosis of patients was analyzed. The levels of serum NSE, lactic acid and CRP in infected group were higher than those in non-infection group (P<0.05). The levels of serum NSE, lactic acid and CRP in severe group were higher than those in mild group (P<0.05). Serum levels of NSE, lactic acid and CRP were positively correlated with the severity of infection (P<0.05), the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was greater than that of the NSE level (P<0.05). The levels of serum NSE, lactate and CRP in the good prognosis group were lower than those in the poor prognosis group (P<0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of lactate level in predicting the prognosis of patients with infection was higher than that of NSE and CRP (P<0.05). Serum NSE, lactic acid and CRP have predictive value in patients with acute craniocerebral injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kegao Ma
- The Emergency Department, Qingdao Chengyang District People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhentong Liu
- The Emergency Department, Qingdao Chengyang District People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- The Emergency Department, Qingdao Chengyang District People's Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Cakir U, Ceran B, Tayman C. Two Useful Umbilical Biomarkers for Therapeutic Hypothermia Decision in Patients with Hypoxic İschemic Encephalopathy with Perinatal Asphyxia: Netrin-1 and Neuron Specific Enolase. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2022; 41:977-986. [PMID: 35188847 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2022.2041778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) has a high risk of mortality in addition to serious neurological damage. In this study, we investigated the values of umbilical cord netrin-1 (NT-1) and neuron specific enolase (NSE) levels in the early diagnosis of HIE stage II/III induced by neonatal asphyxia. In the study group, infants with gestational age ≥ 36 weeks who were diagnosed with HIE II/III were included. NT-1 and NSE levels were measured from the umbilical cord immediately after birth. Results were compared between HIE II/III and the healthy control group. Cutoff values for serum NT-1 and NSE were determined with receiver-operating characteristics curves and the area under the curve (AUC) was used to determine the diagnostic value of NT-1 and NSE levels in infants diagnosed with HIE II/III. NT-1 (358.3 ± 108.3 pg/mL) and NSE (52.97 ± 17.8 ng/mL) levels in the cord blood in the HIE group were significantly higher (p = .030, p = .001, respectively) than cord blood values in the control group (NT-1 (275.1 ± 84.6 pg/mL) and NSE (28.7 ± 16.3 ng/mL)). NT-1 cutoff value for HIE was 292.3 pg/mL and 34.7 ng/mL for NSE (AUC: 990, sensitivity: 94%, specificity 100% and AUC: 1.0, sensitivity: 100% vs. specificity 100%, respectively). NT-1 and NSE represent candidate biomarkers with high reliability in the prediction in newborns with moderate-to-severe HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Cakir
- Division of Neonatology, Health Sciences University, Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity, Education, and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burak Ceran
- Division of Neonatology, Health Sciences University, Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity, Education, and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cuneyt Tayman
- Division of Neonatology, Health Sciences University, Zekai Tahir Burak Maternity, Education, and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Goksuluk H, Ozyuncu N, Duzen IV, Vurgun VK, Tan TS, Gulec S. Comparison of frequency of silent cerebral infarction as assessed by serum neuron specific enolase in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: Warfarin versus direct oral anticoagulant. Acta Cardiol 2022; 78:320-326. [PMID: 35469540 DOI: 10.1080/00015385.2022.2066777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral infarction in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) may clinically vary from being silent to catastrophic. Silent cerebral infarction (SCI) is the neuronal injury in the absence of clinically appearent stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Serum neuron specific enolase (NSE) is suggested to be a valid surrogate biomarker that allows to detect recent neuronal injury. We aimed to evaluate the incidence of recent SCI by positive NSE levels in patients with non-valvular AF (NVAF) on oral anticoagulants. METHODS Blood samples for NSE were collected from 197 consecutive NVAF patients. NSE levels of greater than 12 ng/ml was considered as positive and suggestive of SCI. RESULTS Patients were mainly female with a mean age of 69 years. Ninety-eight of them (49.7%) were taking warfarin. Mean INR level was 2.3 ± 0.9. Mean CHA2DS2-VASc score of the study population was 3.5 ± 1.5. Seventy-two patients (36.5%) were found to have NSE elevation. They were more likely to have history of chronic heart failure and previous stroke/TIA. Increased left atrial diameter and higher CHA2DS2-VASc were other factors associated with SCI. Patients on DOACs and patients taking aspirin on top of oral anticoagulant treatment were less likely to have SCI. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that increased left atrial diameter (OR: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.52-4; p < 0.001) and use of warfarin (OR: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.37-5.61; p = 0.005) were detected as independent predictors of SCI. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that DOACs were associated with significantly reduced SCIs compared with warfarin, probably due to more effective and consistent therapeutic level of anticoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Goksuluk
- Cardiology Department, Istinye University Bahcesehir Liv Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nil Ozyuncu
- Cardiology Department, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Sadi Gulec
- Cardiology Department, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Mozaffari K, Dejam D, Duong C, Ding K, French A, Ng E, Preet K, Franks A, Kwan I, Phillips HW, Kim DY, Yang I. Systematic Review of Serum Biomarkers in Traumatic Brain Injury. Cureus 2021; 13:e17056. [PMID: 34522534 PMCID: PMC8428323 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is responsible for the majority of trauma-related deaths and is a leading cause of disability. It is characterized by an inflammatory process involved in the progression of secondary brain injury. TBI is measured by the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) with scores ranging from 15-3, demonstrating mild to severe brain injury. Apart from this clinical assessment of TBI, compendiums of literature have been published on TBI-related serum markers.Herein we create a comprehensive appraisal of the most prominent serum biomarkers used in the assessment and care of TBI.The PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases were queried with the terms “biomarker” and “traumatic brain injury” as search terms with only full-text, English articles within the past 10 years selected. Non-human studies were excluded, and only adult patients fell within the purview of this analysis. A total of 528 articles were analyzed in the initial search with 289 selected for screening. A further 152 were excluded for primary screening. Of the remaining 137, 54 were included in the final analysis. Serum biomarkers were listed into the following broad categories for ease of discussion: immune markers and markers of inflammation, hormones as biomarkers, coagulation and vasculature, genetic polymorphisms, antioxidants and oxidative stress, apoptosis and degradation pathways, and protein markers. Glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP), S100, and neurons specific enolase (NSE) were the most prominent and frequently cited markers. Amongst these three, no single serum biomarker demonstrated neither superior sensitivity nor specificity compared to the other two, therefore noninvasive panels should incorporate these three serum biomarkers to retain sensitivity and maximize specificity for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khashayar Mozaffari
- Neurosurgery, Ronald Reagan University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Dillon Dejam
- Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Courtney Duong
- Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Kevin Ding
- Neurosurgery, Ronald Reagan University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Alexis French
- Neurosurgery, Ronald Reagan University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Edwin Ng
- Neurosurgery, Ronald Reagan University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Komal Preet
- Neurosurgery, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Alyssa Franks
- Neurosurgery, Ronald Reagan University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Isabelle Kwan
- Neurosurgery, Ronald Reagan University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - H Westley Phillips
- Neurosurgery, Ronald Reagan University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Dennis Y Kim
- Biomedical Sciences, Harbor University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Isaac Yang
- Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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Mansour NO, Shama MA, Werida RH. The effect of doxycycline on neuron-specific enolase in patients with traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2021; 12:20406223211024362. [PMID: 34262678 PMCID: PMC8246481 DOI: 10.1177/20406223211024362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: We aimed to examine the effect of doxycycline on serum levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE), a marker of neuronal damage in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. Methods: Patients were randomly assigned into two groups (n = 25 each) to receive either placebo or doxycycline (200 mg daily), with their standard management for 7 days. Results: NSE serum levels in the doxycycline and control groups on day 3 were 14.66 ± 1.78 versus 18.09 ± 4.38 ng/mL, respectively (p = 0.008), and on day 7 were 12.3 ± 2.0 versus 16.43 ± 3.85 ng/mL, respectively (p = 0.003). Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on day 7 was 11.90 ± 2.83 versus 9.65 ± 3.44 in the doxycycline and control groups, respectively (p = 0.031). NSE serum levels and GCS scores were negatively correlated (r = −0.569, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Adjunctive early use of doxycycline might be a novel option that halts the ongoing secondary brain injury in patients with moderate to severe TBI. Future larger clinical trials are warranted to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha O Mansour
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, El-Dakahelia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Shama
- Emergency Medicine and Traumatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, El-Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Rehab H Werida
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Department - Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Elchorniash Street, Damanhour, Elbehairah 31527, Egypt
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Tan Z, Jiang J, Tian F, Peng J, Yang Z, Li S, Long X. Serum Visinin-Like Protein 1 Is a Better Biomarker Than Neuron-Specific Enolase for Seizure-Induced Neuronal Injury: A Prospective and Observational Study. Front Neurol 2020; 11:567587. [PMID: 33071949 PMCID: PMC7544981 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.567587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Visinin-like protein 1 (VILIP-1) is an established biomarker of neuronal injury. The levels of serum VILIP-1, neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and caveolin-1 (CAV-1) were measured to investigate potential of VILIP-1 as a biomarker for seizure-induced neuronal injury, and the correlation of VILIP-1 with severity of epilepsy and blood-brain barrier dysfunction were investigated. Materials and Methods: Patient with epilepsy from 14 to 70 years of age and age-, sex-matched healthy subjects were involved in this study. All blood sample of patients were collected within 3–72 h after the seizure. The severity of epilepsy and levels of serum VILIP-1, NSE and CAV-1 were measured. Accuracy of VILIP-1 and NSE was obtained from receiver operating curve analyses. Associations between VILIP-1 and severity of epilepsy, VILIP-1 and CAV-1 were investigated. Results: A total of 58 patients and 29 healthy control subjects were included in our study. The levels of serum VILIP-1, NSE, and CAV-1 in the patient group were significantly higher than those in the control group. VILIP-1 has higher and significant accuracy for assessing seizure-induced neuronal injury compared with NSE. VILIP-1 levels were positively associated with severity of epilepsy and CAV-1 in patients with epilepsy. Conclusions: VILIP-1 may be a better serum biomarker than NSE for assessing seizure-induced neuronal injury and even brain injury caused by various pathological condition. Further studies are required to explore the clinical contribution of VILIP-1 in diagnosis, treatment strategies and outcome assessments of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheren Tan
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianlin Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fafa Tian
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinxin Peng
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiquan Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuyu Li
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyan Long
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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11
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Abstract
Neuron specific enolase (NSE) is a biomarker for neuronal injury. However, increased levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum is associated with the clinical outcome in patients with head injury, ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, cardiac arrest, anoxic encephalopathy, encephalitis, brain metastasis, and status epilepticus. Recently, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, which started in China, rapidly evolved into the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Patients with COVID-19 have a wide range of symptoms varying from mild upper respiratory symptoms to severe illness requiring mechanical ventilation. While coronaviruses primarily target the human respiratory system, neurological symptoms are also observed in some patients. These include symptoms such as loss of taste and olfaction and diseases like cerebrovascular disorders including ischemic stroke and hemorrhages, encephalopathies, Guillain‐Barré syndrome and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Here we report an observation from a patient whose NSE levels increased approximately four-fold in CSF. This finding was accompanied by increased white blood cell count and elevated protein in CSF indicating neuroinflammation. Thus, we suggest that NSE may be used as a CSF biomarker in COVID-19 patients with encephalopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latha Ganti
- Emergency Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA
| | - Enrique Serrano
- Neurology, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA
| | - Hale Z Toklu
- Clinical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA.,Graduate Medical Education, Hospital Corporation of America North Florida Division, Gainesville, USA
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12
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Papuć E, Rejdak K. Increased Cerebrospinal Fluid S100B and NSE Reflect Neuronal and Glial Damage in Parkinson's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:156. [PMID: 32792937 PMCID: PMC7387568 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) mainly relies on clinical manifestation, but may be difficult to make in very early stages of the disease, especially in pre-motor PD. Thus, there is great interest in finding a biomarker for PD. Among diagnostic biomarkers, the most promising molecules are those which reflect the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease. Until now, only α-synuclein, a classical CSF Alzheimer’s disease biomarker, and neurofilament light (NFL) chains have turned out to be helpful in differential diagnosis between PD and healthy control subjects. Aim: To assess whether CSF molecules related to some pathological processes present in PD might be of interest in the diagnosis of PD and whether they correlate with disease severity. Methods: CSF levels of S100B and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were measured in 58 PD patients and in 28 healthy control subjects. Correlations were determined between the levels of these CSF molecules and measures of disease severity (Hoehn–Yahr scale and UPDRS part III), as well as disease duration and levodopa dose. Results: CSF S100B and CSF NSE were both significantly increased in PD subjects vs. healthy controls (p = 0.007 and p = 0.00035, respectively). CSF S100B was significantly positively correlated with measures of disease severity (H-Y score and UPDRS part III), as well as disease duration (p < 0.05). No correlation was found between CSF NSE levels and disease severity or disease duration (p > 0.05). CSF S100B levels alone provided a relatively high discrimination (AUC 0.77) between PD and healthy controls, with 60.7% sensitivity and 88.5% specificity (p < 0.001) at a cut-off value of 123.22 pg/ml. Similarly, CSF NSE levels alone provided a relatively high discrimination (AUC 0.775) between PD and healthy controls, with 78.6% sensitivity and 74.1% specificity at a cut-off value of 51.56 ng/ml (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our results show that both CSF S100B and CSF NSE seem to be promising markers of the axonal and glial degeneration present in PD. Additionally CSF S100B may be a promising marker of PD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Papuć
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Konrad Rejdak
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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13
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Bindra A, Kaushal A, Prabhakar H, Chaturvedi A, Chandra PS, Tripathi M, Subbiah V, Sathianathan S, Banerjee J, Prakash C. Neuroprotective role of dexmedetomidine in epilepsy surgery: A preliminary study. Neurol India 2019; 67:163-168. [PMID: 30860117 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.253616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Long standing temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) causes cerebral insult and results in elevated brain injury biomarkers, S100b and neuron specific enolase (NSE). Surgery for TLE, has the potential to cause additional cerebral insult. Dexmedetomidine is postulated to have neuroprotective effects. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of intraoperative dexmedetomidine on S100b and NSE during TLE surgery. Materials and Methods 19 consenting adult patients with TLE undergoing anteromedial temporal lobectomy were enrolled and divided into two groups. Patients in Group D (n = 9) received dexmedetomidine whereas patients in Group C (n = 10) received saline as placebo in addition to the standard anaesthesia technique. Blood samples of these patients were drawn, before induction of anaesthesia, at the end of surgery, as well at 24 hours and 48 hours postoperatively, and analysed for serum S100b and NSE. Results The demographic and clinical profile was comparable in both the groups. The baseline S100b in group C and group D was 66.7 ± 26.5 pg/ml and 34.3 ± 21.7 pg/ml (P = 0.013) respectively. After adjustment for the baseline, the overall value of S100b was 71.0 ± 39.8 pg/ml and 40.5 ± 22.5 pg/ml (P = 0.002) in the control and study group, respectively. The values of S100b (79.3 ± 53.6 pg/ml) [P = 0.017] were highest at 24 hours postoperatively. The mean value of NSE in the control and study group was 32.8 ± 43.4 ng/ml (log 3.0 ± 0.1) and 13.51 ± 9.12 ng/ml (log 2.42 ± 0.60), respectively. The value of NSE in both the groups was comparable at different time points. Conclusions Lower perioperative values of S100b were observed in patients who received intraoperative dexmedetomidine. Dexmedetomidine may play a role in cerebroprotection during epilepsy surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Bindra
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Hemanshu Prabhakar
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Arvind Chaturvedi
- Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Manjari Tripathi
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vivekanandan Subbiah
- Department of Neurobiochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandeep Sathianathan
- Department of Neurobiochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Banerjee
- Department of Biophysics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Chander Prakash
- National Institute of Medical Malaria Research, New Delhi, India
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14
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Gailiušas M, Andrejaitienė J, Širvinskas E, Krasauskas D, Švagždienė M, Kumpaitienė B. Association between serum biomarkers and postoperative delirium after cardiac surgery. Acta Med Litu 2019; 26:8-10. [PMID: 31281210 DOI: 10.6001/actamedica.v26i1.3949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In cardiac surgery, patients face an increased risk of developing postoperative delirium (POD) that is associated with poor outcomes. Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) have shown some promising results as potential tools for POD risk stratification, diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis. Materials and methods Prospective single-centre study enrolled 44 patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/or valve procedures using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The patients were assessed and monitored preoperatively, during surgery, and in the early postoperative period. The blood levels of NSE and GFAP were measured before and after surgery. The early POD was assessed by CAM-ICU criteria and patients were assigned to the POD group (with POD) or to the NPOD group (without POD) retrospectively. Results The incidence of POD was 18.2%. After surgery, NSE significantly increased in the whole sample (p = 0.002). Comparing between groups, NSE significantly increased in the POD group after surgery (p = 0.042). ΔGFAP (before/after operation) for the whole sample was statistically significant (p = 0.022). There was a significant correlation between ΔGFAP and the lowest MAP during surgery in the POD group (p = 0.033). Conclusions Our study demonstrated that NSE and GFAP are associated with early POD. An increase in NSE level during the perioperative period may be associated with subclinical neuronal damage. Serum GFAP levels show the damage of glial cells. Further studies are needed to find the factors influencing the individual limits of optimal MAP during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindaugas Gailiušas
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Kauno Klinikos Hospital of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Judita Andrejaitienė
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Kauno Klinikos Hospital of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Edmundas Širvinskas
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Kauno Klinikos Hospital of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Darijus Krasauskas
- Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania.,Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Kauno Klinikos Hospital of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Milda Švagždienė
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Kauno Klinikos Hospital of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Birutė Kumpaitienė
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Kauno Klinikos Hospital of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Xu G, Zhou CS, Tang WZ, Xu J, Xu G, Li XL, Wei Q, Cheng C, Li W, Cai HD, Wang LD. [Neuroprotective effect of surround needling combined with acupoint injection on acute herpetic neuralgia]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2019; 39:371-6. [PMID: 30957447 DOI: 10.13703/j.0255-2930.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect and mechanism of surround needling combined with acupoint injection on acute herpetic neuralgia (AHN). METHODS Ninety-nine patients with T6-T10 segment AHN were randomly divided into 3 groups, 33 cases in each group, including 2 cases dropped off in the surround needling group, 4 cases dropped off in the acupoint injection group, and 3 cases dropped off in the combined group. Oral valacyclovir was given in each group, 0.3 g each time, 2 times a day for 10 days. Oblique insertion of needle used at ashi points around the herpes in the surround needling group, and continuous wave was stimulated to tolerance for 20 min; the same acupoints were selected as the surround needling group, stimulated with the mixture injection of mecobalamin and lidocaine in the acupoint injection group; After the surround needling, acupoint injection was performed in the combined group. The treatment was given once a day, 14 times for a course, and one course was needed in all groups. The skin healing conditions (blistering, crusting, and dislocation time) of each group were compared after treatment. The pain scores, pain area and quality of life scores in each group were observed before and after treatment. The levels of neuron specific enolase (NSE), substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the local blister fluid were measured before and after treatment in all groups. RESULTS The blistering, crusting and dislocation time in the combined group were earlier than the other two groups (all P<0.05). The pain score and pain area in the each group were significantly lower than those before treatment, and the quality of life score was significantly higher than that before treatment (all P<0.05). The improvements of pain score and quality of life score in the combined group were more obvious than the other two groups (all P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of NSE, SP and CGRP in the local blister fluid in each groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (all P<0.05). The indexes in the combined group were significantly lower than those in the other two groups (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION Both surround needling and acupoint injection have an adjuvant effect on AHN. The combination of the two is better, the skin is healed quickly, the analgesia is significant, and the contents of local NSE, SP and CGRP are significantly decreased. The mechanism of action is to exert neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- 1Department of Rehabilitation, the Affiliated Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200072, China; Department of Rehabilitation, Chongming Branch of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 202159
| | - Chao-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation, the Affiliated Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Wei-Zhen Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation, the Affiliated Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, the Affiliated Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, the Affiliated Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiu-Li Li
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Qing Wei
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Rehabilitation, the Affiliated Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, the Affiliated Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hai-Dong Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200072, China; Department of Rehabilitation, Chongming Branch of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 202159
| | - Li-Dong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Chongming Branch of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 202159
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16
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Suehiro E, Fujiyama Y, Kiyohira M, Motoki Y, Nojima J, Suzuki M. Probability of Soluble Tissue Factor Release Lead to the Elevation of D-dimer as a Biomarker for Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2019; 59:63-67. [PMID: 30674749 PMCID: PMC6375819 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.oa.2018-0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
D-dimer is a potential biomarker for the detection of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the mechanisms that trigger elevation of D-dimer in TBI remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of D-dimer in blood as a biomarker for TBI and to determine the mechanisms involved in regulating its blood levels. Nine patients with moderate to severe isolated TBI (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score 7–13) were admitted to our hospital from May 2013 to June 2014. Blood samples were collected from systemic arteries on arrival and at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after injury. Blood levels of neuron specific enolase (NSE), D-dimer, and soluble tissue factor (sTF) were measured. NSE (33.4 ng/ml: normal <12.0 ng/ml) and D-dimer (56.1 μg/ml: normal <1.0 μg/ml) were elevated at admission and declined on day 1 after injury. At admission, there were significant correlations of D-dimer levels with NSE (R = 0.727, P = 0.026) and sTF (R = 0.803, P = 0.009) levels. The blood level of D-dimer accurately reflects the degree of brain tissue damage indicated by NSE levels. Our data suggest that release of sTF induced by brain tissue damage may activate the coagulation cascade, leading to elevation of D-dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichi Suehiro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yuichi Fujiyama
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Miwa Kiyohira
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yukari Motoki
- Department of Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Junzo Nojima
- Department of Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Science, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Michiyasu Suzuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine
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17
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Gabdrakhmanova AF, Aznabaeva LF, Abizgil'dina GS, Kurbanov SA. [Molecular mechanisms of neuroretinoprotection in primary open-angle glaucoma]. Vestn Oftalmol 2018; 134:54-60. [PMID: 30499540 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma201813405154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effectiveness of neuroprotective therapy in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma based on specific biochemical markers of neurotrophy and neurodegeneration. MATERIAL AND METHODS In the course of the study, lacrimal fluid (LF) of 23 patients (46 eyes) with stage I-II primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) aged 66.3±10.8 was examined. The control group consisted of healthy individuals (12 control LF samples). Local antihypertensive therapy was complimented with 10 intramuscular injections of retinalamin (GEROPHARM LLC, St. Petersburg) - a complex of peptides isolated from cattle retinas, administered 5 mg once a day. Enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) method was used to test LF for concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neuron specific enolase (NSE) before and after the treatment. RESULTS In healthy subjects, the content of BDNF was 0.83±0.06 ng/mL, NSE - 0.51±0.06 ng/mL. In patients with POAG, the indices were higher: BDNF was 1.39±0.85 ng/mL (p>0.05), NSE - 4.31±2.02 ng/mL (p<0.05). The patients with stage II-III POAG had a significant increase of BDNF concentration (1.37±0.41 ng/mL and 1.52±0.40 ng/mL respectively in stages II and III) indicating compensatory capabilities at these stages of the disease. The NSE marker was also high in these stages (4.16±2.44 ng/mL and 5.78±2.80 ng/mL, p<0.05), which indicates the degeneration of retinal ganglion cells. After Retinalamin® therapy, patients with stage II POAG had control group levels of marker proteins, while in stage III patients NSE content remained high. CONCLUSION There is a compensatory increase of BDNF level and a pathological increase of NSE content in LF of POAG patients. The change in the content of neurotrophins in the LF was determined to depend on the stage of POAG. Thus, in stages II and III POAG there is a marked increase of NSE and a compensatory increase of BDNF. After the complex therapy including retinalamin in patients with stage II POAG, a decrease in initially high concentrations of BDNF and NSE in LF down to the control group values was noted. In stage III patients, signs of neurodegeneration persist in the form of high NSE values. Taking into account the positive dynamics of the neuronal marker content in LF in the complex therapy of POAG with Retinalamin®, timely neuroretinoprotection is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Gabdrakhmanova
- Bashkir State Medical University, 3 Lenina St., Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russian Federation, 450008
| | - L F Aznabaeva
- Bashkir State Medical University, 3 Lenina St., Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, Russian Federation, 450008
| | - G Sh Abizgil'dina
- Medical center 'DuplexMed', 103A Artema St., Sterlitamak, Russian Federation, 453100
| | - S A Kurbanov
- City Clinical Hospital #10, 47 Koltsevaya St., Ufa, Russian Federation, 450112
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18
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Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effects of isolated impaired fasting glucose (IIFG) on brain injury in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery. Methods: Patients with rheumatic heart valve disease who underwent elective mitral valve replacement were included and divided into control and IIFG groups. Pre-, intra-, and postoperative blood glucose levels, serum insulin levels, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), lactic acid levels, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100B levels were measured. The cerebral oxygen extraction ratio (OER) was calculated. Cognitive function was assessed via the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results: HOMA-IR levels were higher in the IIFG group than the control group 30 min after the beginning of CPB, at the termination of CPB, and 2 h after the termination of CPB. Cerebral OER and lactic acid increased intraoperatively in both groups, especially in the IIFG group. NSE and S100B levels were higher in the IIFG group than in the control group at the termination of CPB, 2 h after the termination of CPB, and at 24 h postoperatively. The MMSE scores did not significantly differ between the two groups. Delirium occurred in two patients in the IIFG group, and one in the control group. No other signs and symptoms of brain injuries were detected in either group. Conclusions: The increased postoperative NSE and S100B levels in the IIFG group compared with controls may be associated with severe insulin resistance and stress hyperglycemia. However, the IIFG group did not have clinical manifestations of brain injuries, including cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Suining Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Daokang Xiang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Lufang Gao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
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Zuo L, Zhan Y, Liu F, Chen C, Xu L, Calic Z, Cordato D, Cappelen-Smith C, Hu Y, Li G. Clinical and laboratory factors related to acute isolated vertigo or dizziness and cerebral infarction. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e01092. [PMID: 30099862 PMCID: PMC6160653 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the relationship of clinical factors with isolated vertigo or dizziness of cerebrovascular origin. METHODS Clinical data of patients admitted in East Hospital from Jan. 2015 to Apr. 2016, whose complaint were acute vertigo or dizziness were retrospectively collected. All patients arrived at the emergency department within 24 hr of symptom onset, had no acute ischemic lesion first CT and NIHSS score of 0. Patients were divided into cerebral infarction group and noncerebral infarction group according to subsequent cerebral imaging results and clinical and laboratory factors related to cerebral infarction were analyzed. RESULT 51.6% of patients were female (n = 141). 46 patients (16.8%) were diagnosed with acute cerebral infarction. Baseline demographic data of the two groups was not significantly different. Univariate analysis found that history of smoking (p = 0.009), headache (p = 0.028), unsteadiness (p = 0.009), neuron specific enolase (p = 0.001), and vertebral artery abnormalities found on imaging (p = 0.009) were the significant difference between two groups. Increased neuron specific enolase (p = 0.005) and an abnormal vertebral artery (p = 0.044) were significant on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS 16.8% of acute isolated vertigo or dizziness presentations were diagnosed with acute cerebral infarction. Increased serum neuron specific enolase and vertebral artery abnormalities were the strongest indicators of acute cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Zuo
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqiang Zhan
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Shanghai Yangsi Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Luran Xu
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zeljka Calic
- Department of Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.,The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Dennis Cordato
- Department of Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cecilia Cappelen-Smith
- Department of Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.,South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Yunfeng Hu
- Department of Neurology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Çatlı G, Anık A, Acar S, Küme T, Karabulut M, Çalan ÖG, Dündar BN, Abacı A. Brain injury markers: S100 calcium-binding protein B, neuron-specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein in children with diabetic ketoacidosis. Pediatr Diabetes 2018; 19:1000-1006. [PMID: 29484801 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate serum levels of brain injury markers in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and the relation of these markers with clinical and radiological findings of brain injury and laboratory results. METHODS Twenty-nine patients with DKA, 30 with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and 35 healthy children were included. Clinical and laboratory findings, and the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) were recorded. In the DKA group, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels were measured at baseline and 6 and 12 hours after treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed in the DKA group to demonstrate any brain injury. RESULTS No clinical or radiological findings of brain injury were found in any of the patients with DKA. In the DKA group, S100B was significantly higher than the healthy control and T1DM groups, while GFAP and NSE levels were not different from controls and T1DM patients. No significant differences were found in GFAP, NSE and S100B levels according to severity of DKA, diabetes duration and GCS. CONCLUSION NSE and GFAP levels do not increase in DKA patients without overt brain injury. Elevated levels of S100B, which is also synthesized from non-neuronal tissues, might arise from peripheral sources. A lack of concurrent increase in serum levels of these brain injury markers might result from the yet intact blood brain barrier or a true absence of neuronal damage. In order to reveal subclinical brain injury related to DKA, there is a need for studies concurrently assessing neurocognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gönül Çatlı
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Anık
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Sezer Acar
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tuncay Küme
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Melike Karabulut
- Department of Pediatrics, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Özlem Gürsoy Çalan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bumin Nuri Dündar
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayhan Abacı
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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Wang SY, Zha XJ, Zhu XY, Li WB, Ma J, Wu ZW, Wu H, Jiang MF, Wen YF. Metabolic syndrome and its components with neuron-specific enolase: a cross-sectional study in large health check-up population in China. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020899. [PMID: 29643166 PMCID: PMC5898352 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was aimed at investigating the relationship between neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and components of metabolic syndrome (MS). DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Chinese health check-up population. PARTICIPANTS 40 684 health check-up people were enrolled in this study from year 2014 to 2016. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES OR and coefficient for MS. RESULTS The percentage of abnormal NSE and MS was 26.85% and 8.85%, respectively. There were significant differences in sex, body mass index, drinking habit, triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), blood pressure and MS between low-NSE and high-NSE groups. In logistic regression analysis, elevated NSE was present in MS, higher body mass index, hypertriglyceridaemia, hypertension and low-HDL groups. Stepwise linear analysis showed a negative correlation between NSE and fasting blood glucose (FBG) (<6.0 mmol/L), and a positive correlation between NSE and TGs (<20 mmol/L), systolic blood pressure (75-200 mm Hg), HDL-C (0.75-2.50 mmol/L), diastolic blood pressure (<70 mm Hg) and FBG (6.00-20.00 mmol/L). Furthermore, MS was positively correlated with NSE within the range of 2.00-7.50 ng/mL, but had a negative correlation with NSE within the range of 7.50-23.00 ng/mL. CONCLUSION There are associations between NSE with MS and its components. The result suggests that NSE may be a potential predictor of MS. Further research could be conducted in discussing the potential mechanism involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yi Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zha
- Medical Examination Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Yijishan Hospital, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xin-Ying Zhu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wen-Bo Li
- School of Clinical Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jun Ma
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ze-Wei Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Huan Wu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ming-Fei Jiang
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yu-Feng Wen
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
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22
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Stefanović B, Đurić O, Stanković S, Mijatović S, Doklestić K, Stefanović B, Jovanović B, Marjanović N, Kalezić N. Elevated Serum Protein S100B and Neuron Specific Enolase Values as Predictors of Early Neurological Outcome After Traumatic Brain Injury. J Med Biochem 2017; 36:314-321. [PMID: 30581328 PMCID: PMC6294083 DOI: 10.1515/jomb-2017-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of our study was to determine the serum concentrations of protein S100B and neuron specific enolase (NSE) as well as their ability and accuracy in the prediction of early neurological outcome after a traumatic brain injury. METHODS A total of 130 polytraumatized patients with the associated traumatic brain injuries were included in this prospective cohort study. Serum protein S100B and NSE levels were measured at 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the injury. Early neurological outcome was scored by Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) on day 14 after the brain injury. RESULTS The protein S100B concentrations were maximal at 6 hours after the injury, which was followed by an abrupt fall, and subsequently slower release in the following two days with continual and significantly increased values (p<0.0001) in patients with poor outcome. Secondary increase in protein S100B at 72 hours was recorded in patients with lethal outcome (GOS 1). Dynamics of NSE changes was characterized by a secondary increase in concentrations at 72 hours after the injury in patients with poor outcome. CONCLUSION Both markers have good predictive ability for poor neurological outcome, although NSE provides better discriminative potential at 72 hours after the brain injury, while protein S100B has better discriminative potential for mortality prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislava Stefanović
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emergency Center, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Olivera Đurić
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Institute for Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Stanković
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srđan Mijatović
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Emergency Surgery, Emergency Center, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Krstina Doklestić
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Emergency Surgery, Emergency Center, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branislav Stefanović
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic for Emergency Surgery, Emergency Center, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Jovanović
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emergency Center, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Marjanović
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinic for Digestive Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nevena Kalezić
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinic for Endocrine Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
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Pironkova RP, Giamelli J, Seiden H, Parnell VA, Gruber D, Sison CP, Kowal C, Ojamaa K. Brain injury with systemic inflammation in newborns with congenital heart disease undergoing heart surgery. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:228-238. [PMID: 28672919 PMCID: PMC5488503 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential role of systemic inflammation on brain injury in newborns with congenital heart disease (CHD) was assessed by measuring levels of central nervous system (CNS)-derived proteins in serum prior to and following cardiac surgery. A total of 23 newborns (gestational age, 39±1 weeks) with a diagnosis of CHD that required cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) were enrolled in the current study. Serum samples were collected immediately prior to surgery and 2, 24 and 48 h following CPB, and serum levels of phosphorylated neurofilament-heavy subunit (pNF-H), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100B were analyzed. Systemic inflammation was assessed by measuring serum concentrations of complement C5a and complement sC5b9, and the following cytokines: Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL12p70, interferon γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Analysis of cord blood from normal term deliveries (n=26) provided surrogate normative values for newborns. pNF-H and S100B were 2.4- to 2.8-fold higher (P<0.0001) in patient sera than in cord blood prior to surgery and remained elevated following CPB. Pre-surgical serum pNF-H and S100B levels directly correlated with interleukin (IL)-12p70 (ρ=0.442, P<0.05). pNF-H was inversely correlated with arterial pO2 prior to surgery (ρ=−0.493, P=0.01) and directly correlated with arterial pCO2 post-CPB (ρ=0.426, P<0.05), suggesting that tissue hypoxia and inflammation contribute to blood brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction and neuronal injury. Serum IL12p70, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in patients than in normal cord blood and levels of these cytokines increased following CPB (P<0.001). Activation of complement was observed in all patients prior to surgery, and serum C5a and sC5b9 remained elevated up to 48 h post-surgery. Furthermore, they were correlated (P<0.05) with low arterial pO2, high pCO2 and elevated arterial pressure in the postoperative period. Length of mechanical ventilation was associated directly with post-surgery serum IL-12p70 and IL-8 concentrations (P<0.05). Elevated serum concentrations of pNF-H and S100B in neonates with CHD suggest BBB dysfunction and CNS injury, with concurrent hypoxemia and an activated inflammatory response potentiating this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossitza P Pironkova
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York at Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA
| | - Joseph Giamelli
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York at Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA
| | - Howard Seiden
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York at Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA
| | - Vincent A Parnell
- Division of Pediatric Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York at Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA
| | - Dorota Gruber
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York at Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Cristina P Sison
- Biostatistics Unit, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Czeslawa Kowal
- Center for Musculoskeletal and Autoimmune Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Kaie Ojamaa
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York at Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA.,Center for Immunology and Inflammation, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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Yang JN, Chen J, Xiao M. A protease-activated receptor 1 antagonist protects against global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury after asphyxial cardiac arrest in rabbits. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:242-249. [PMID: 28400806 PMCID: PMC5361508 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.199011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury is partially mediated by thrombin, which causes brain damage through protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1). However, the role and mechanisms underlying the effects of PAR1 activation require further elucidation. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of the PAR1 antagonist SCH79797 in a rabbit model of global cerebral ischemia induced by cardiac arrest. SCH79797 was intravenously administered 10 minutes after the model was established. Forty-eight hours later, compared with those administered saline, rabbits receiving SCH79797 showed markedly decreased neuronal damage as assessed by serum neuron specific enolase levels and less neurological dysfunction as determined using cerebral performance category scores. Additionally, in the hippocampus, cell apoptosis, polymorphonuclear cell infiltration, and c-Jun levels were decreased, whereas extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation levels were increased. All of these changes were inhibited by the intravenous administration of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway inhibitor LY29004 (3 mg/kg) 10 minutes before the SCH79797 intervention. These findings suggest that SCH79797 mitigates brain injury via anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, possibly by modulating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase/c-Jun and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ning Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China; Department of Immunology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Immunology, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei Province, China
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25
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Gaiser MR, Daily K, Hoffmann J, Brune M, Enk A, Brownell I. Evaluating blood levels of neuron specific enolase, chromogranin A, and circulating tumor cells as Merkel cell carcinoma biomarkers. Oncotarget 2016; 6:26472-82. [PMID: 26299616 PMCID: PMC4694915 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer. Although used to monitor MCC patients, the clinical utility of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and chromogranin A (ChrA) blood levels is untested. EpCAM-positive circulating tumor cells (CTC) reflect disease status in several epithelial tumors. Here we investigate the use of NSE and ChrA blood levels and CTC counts as biomarkers for MCC disease behavior. Methods NSE and ChrA blood levels from 60 patients with MCC were retrospectively analyzed; 30 patients were additionally screened for CTC. Biomarker values were correlated to clinical parameters. Results Despite routine use by some physicians, NSE and ChrA blood levels did not correlate with progression free survival, disease specific survival, or MCC recurrence. We found CTC in 97% of tested MCC patients. CTC counts were elevated in patients with active disease, suggesting their potential use in monitoring MCC. Conclusion NSE and ChrA levels were not effective in predicting outcomes or detecting recurrences of MCC. In contrast, CTC counts have potential utility as a biomarker for MCC disease behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rita Gaiser
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kenneth Daily
- Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jochen Hoffmann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maik Brune
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Enk
- Department of Dermatology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Isaac Brownell
- Dermatology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Dincel GC, Atmaca HT. Role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2016; 29:226-40. [PMID: 26966143 PMCID: PMC5806720 DOI: 10.1177/0394632016638668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of common neurodegenerative diseases. We have previously shown that Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) induces high nitric oxide (NO) production, glial activation, and apoptosis that altogether cause severe neuropathology in toxoplasma encephalitis (TE). The objective of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effect of OS and to identify a correlation between the causes of T. gondii induced neuropathology. Expression levels of glutathione reductase (GR), Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), neuron specific enolase (NSE), and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were investigated. Results of the study revealed that the levels of GR (P <0.005) and NSE (P <0.001) expression in the brain tissue markedly increased while SOD1 activity decreased (P <0.001) in the infected group compared to the non-infected group. In addition, intense staining for 8-OHdG (P <0.05) was observed both in the nucleus and the cytoplasm of neurons and glial cells that underwent OS. These results were reasonable to suggest that T. gondii-mediated OS might play a pivotal role and a different type of role in the mechanism of neurodegeneration/neuropathology in the process of TE. The results also clearly indicated that increased levels of NO and apoptosis might contribute to OS-related pathogenesis of TE. As a result, OS and expression of NSE might give an idea of the disease progress and may have a critical diagnostic significance for patients with T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gungor Cagdas Dincel
- Gumushane University, Siran Mustafa Beyaz Vocational High School, Siran, Gumushane, Turkey
| | - Hasan Tarik Atmaca
- Kirikkale University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Yahsihan, Kirikkale, Turkey
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27
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Tang QF, Zhou ZW, Ji HB, Pan WH, Sun MZ. Value of serum marker HE4 in pulmonary carcinoma diagnosis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:19014-19021. [PMID: 26770527 PMCID: PMC4694427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
An effective blood test is valuable to aid clinicians in making case management decisions. The present study was to analyze the value of four serum tumor markers for the diagnosis of pulmonary carcinoma. The case group consisted of 80 pulmonary carcinoma patients, which were compared to a control group of 30 patients with benign pulmonary disease and a control group of 30 healthy individuals. Serum levels of carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin protein fragment 21-1 (CYFRA21-1), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) were detected using electrochemiluminescence. Serum CEA, NSE, CYFRA21-1, and HE4 levels were significantly higher in pulmonary carcinoma patients than those in both control groups (P < 0.05). Serum CEA and HE4 levels were significantly higher in adenocarcinoma patients, while serum CYFRA21-1 levels were significantly higher in squamous cell carcinoma patients and serum NSE levels were significantly higher in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients (P < 0.05). Analysis of area-under-the-receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC) revealed that serum CYFRA21-1, CEA, and HE4 levels were valuable for squamous cell carcinoma, serum CEA and HE4 levels were valuable for adenocarcinoma, and serum NSE level was valuable for SCLC (P < 0.05). Serum CEA and HE4 levels of pulmonary carcinoma patients with metastasis were higher than those with TNM stage I-II or III-IV disease without metastasis. In brief, detection of serum HE4 levels may be useful in auxiliary diagnosis and evaluation of the progression of pulmonary carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Fang Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University Yancheng 224001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Zhong-Wei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University Yancheng 224001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Bing Ji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University Yancheng 224001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Wu-Hua Pan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University Yancheng 224001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Zhong Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Yancheng Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University Yancheng 224001, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
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28
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Zhang GY, Wang J, Jia YJ, Han R, Li P, Zhu DN. MicroRNA-9 promotes the neuronal differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by activating autophagy. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:314-20. [PMID: 25883633 PMCID: PMC4392682 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.143439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-9 (miR-9) has been shown to promote the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neuronal cells, but the precise mechanism is unclear. Our previous study confirmed that increased autophagic activity improved the efficiency of neuronal differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Accumulating evidence reveals that miRNAs adjust the autophagic pathways. This study used miR-9-1 lentiviral vector and miR-9-1 inhibitor to modulate the expression level of miR-9. Autophagic activity and neuronal differentiation were measured by the number of light chain-3 (LC3)-positive dots, the ratio of LC3-II/LC3, and the expression levels of the neuronal markers enolase and microtubule-associated protein 2. Results showed that LC3-positive dots, the ratio of LC3-II/LC3, and expression of neuron specific enolase and microtubule-associated protein 2 increased in the miR-9+ group. The above results suggest that autophagic activity increased and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were prone to differentiate into neuronal cells when miR-9 was overexpressed, demonstrating that miR-9 can promote neuronal differentiation by increasing autophagic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yu Zhang
- Rehabilitation and Treatment Center for Children with Cerebral Palsy of Henan Province, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Rehabilitation and Treatment Center for Children with Cerebral Palsy of Henan Province, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yan-Jie Jia
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Rui Han
- Department of Pediatrics, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Ping Li
- Rehabilitation and Treatment Center for Children with Cerebral Palsy of Henan Province, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Deng-Na Zhu
- Rehabilitation and Treatment Center for Children with Cerebral Palsy of Henan Province, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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Schmidt FM, Mergl R, Stach B, Jahn I, Schönknecht P. Elevated levels of cerebrospinal fluid neuron-specific enolase (NSE), but not S100B in major depressive disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 2015; 16:106-13. [PMID: 25264292 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2014.952776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alterations in neuronal and glial integrity are considered to be of pathogenic impact on major depressive disorder (MDD). For MDD, data on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) are lacking and scarce for glial protein S100B. METHODS We measured CSF levels of NSE and S100B in 31 patients with MDD and 32 mentally healthy controls using electrochemiluminescence immunoassays (ECLIA). RESULTS Adjusted means of NSE were significantly elevated in the MDD patients (11.73 ng/ml (9.95-13.52 95% CI) compared to the controls (6.17 ng/ml (4.55-7.78), F = 9.037, P = 0.004. Effect size for adjusted mean group difference of 5.57 ng/ml was found invariably high (Cohen's d = 1.23). Differentiating MDD from controls, a NSE cut-off of 7.94 ng/ml showed sensitivity of 81% (95% CI 63.7-90.8) and specificity of 75% (95% CI 57.9-86.7). Adjusted levels of S100B did not differ significantly between the two groups (1.12 ng/ml (0.77-1.48) in MDD, 0.97 ng/ml (0.64-1.30) in controls). CONCLUSIONS Our results of elevated CSF-NSE levels support neuronal pathology in MDD and the potential use of CSF-NSE as marker in clinical diagnostics. Missing group differences in S100B do not promote a specific glial pathology in depressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Martin Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Leipzig , Leipzig , Germany
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Landry CS, Cavaness K, Celinski S, Preskitt J. Biochemical prognostic indicators for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and small bowel neuroendocrine tumors. Gland Surg 2014; 3:215-8. [PMID: 25493250 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2227-684x.2014.10.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) and small bowel neuroendocrine tumors (SBNETs) are rare tumors that are frequently diagnosed late in the course of the disease. Several biomarkers have been proposed in the literature as prognostic factors for patients with these tumors. This article discusses a recent publication in Annals of Surgical Oncology from the University of Iowa analyzing the effect of different biomarkers on survival in patients with PNETs and SBNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine S Landry
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Baylor University Medical Center, 3410 Worth Street, Suite 235, Dallas, Texas 75246, USA
| | - Keith Cavaness
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Baylor University Medical Center, 3410 Worth Street, Suite 235, Dallas, Texas 75246, USA
| | - Scott Celinski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Baylor University Medical Center, 3410 Worth Street, Suite 235, Dallas, Texas 75246, USA
| | - John Preskitt
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Baylor University Medical Center, 3410 Worth Street, Suite 235, Dallas, Texas 75246, USA
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Massaro AN, Chang T, Baumgart S, McCarter R, Nelson KB, Glass P. Biomarkers S100B and neuron-specific enolase predict outcome in hypothermia-treated encephalopathic newborns*. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2014; 15:615-22. [PMID: 24777302 DOI: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000000155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate if serum S100B protein and neuron-specific enolase measured during therapeutic hypothermia are predictive of neurodevelopmental outcome at 15 months in children with neonatal encephalopathy. DESIGN Prospective longitudinal cohort study. SETTING A level IV neonatal ICU in a freestanding children's hospital. PATIENTS Term newborns with moderate to severe neonatal encephalopathy referred for therapeutic hypothermia during the study period. INTERVENTIONS Serum neuron-specific enolase and S100B were measured at 0, 12, 24, and 72 hours of hypothermia. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Of the 83 infants enrolled, 15 (18%) died in the newborn period. Survivors were evaluated by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II at 15 months. Outcomes were assessed in 49 of 68 survivors (72%) at a mean age of 15.2 ± 2.7 months. Neurodevelopmental outcome was classified by Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II Mental Developmental Index and Psychomotor Developmental Index scores, reflecting cognitive and motor outcomes, respectively. Four-level outcome classifications were defined a priori: normal = Mental Developmental Index/Psychomotor Developmental Index within 1 SD (> 85), mild = Mental Developmental Index/Psychomotor Developmental Index less than 1 SD (70-85), moderate/severe = Mental Developmental Index/Psychomotor Developmental Index less than 2 SD (< 70), or died. Elevated serum S100B and neuron-specific enolase levels measured during hypothermia were associated with increasing outcome severity after controlling for baseline and socioeconomic characteristics in ordinal regression models. Adjusted odds ratios for cognitive outcome were 2.5 (95% CI, 1.3-4.8) for S100B and 2.1 (95% CI, 1.2-3.6) for neuron-specific enolase, and for motor outcome, 2.6 (95% CI, 1.2-5.6) for S100B and 2.1 (95% CI, 1.2-3.6) for neuron-specific enolase. CONCLUSIONS Serum S100B and neuron-specific enolase levels in babies with neonatal encephalopathy are associated with neurodevelopmental outcome at 15 months. These putative biomarkers of brain injury may help direct care during therapeutic hypothermia.
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Zaheer S, Beg M, Rizvi I, Islam N, Ullah E, Akhtar N. Correlation between serum neuron specific enolase and functional neurological outcome in patients of acute ischemic stroke. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2013; 16:504-8. [PMID: 24339568 PMCID: PMC3841589 DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.120442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT The use of biomarkers to predict stroke prognosis is gaining particular attention nowadays. Neuron specific enolase (NSE), which is a dimeric isoenzyme of the glycolytic enzyme enolase and is found mainly in the neurons is one such biomarker. AIMS This study was carried out on patients of acute ischemic stroke with the aims to determine the correlation between NSE levels on the day of admission with infarct volume, stroke severity, and functional neurological outcome on day 30. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy five patients of acute ischemic stroke admitted in the Department of Medicine were included in the study. Levels of NSE were determined on day 1 using the human NSE ELISA kit (Alpha Diagnostic International Texas 78244, USA). Volume of infarct was measured by computed tomography (CT) scan using the preinstalled software Syngo (version A40A) of Siemen's medical solutions (Forchheim, Germany). Stroke severity at admission was assessed using Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and functional neurological outcome was assessed using modified Rankin scale (mRS) on day 30. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software for windows version 15.0 (SPSS). RESULTS A positive correlation was found between concentration of NSE on day 1 and infarct volume determined by CT scan (r = 0.955, P < 0.001). A strong negative correlation was found between GCS at presentation and concentration of NSE on day 1 (r = -0.806, P < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between NSE levels at day 1 and functional neurological outcome assessed by mRS at day 30 (r = 0.744, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Serum levels of NSE in first few days of ischemic stroke can serve as a useful marker to predict stroke severity and early functional outcome. However, larger studies with serial estimation of NSE are needed to establish these observations more firmly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Zaheer
- Department of Medicine, J N Medical College, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Bi Y, Gong M, He Y, Zhang X, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Nan G, Wei X, Liu Y, Chen J, Li T. AP2α transcriptional activity is essential for retinoid-induced neuronal differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 46:148-60. [PMID: 24275093 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pre-activation of the retinoid signaling pathway by all-trans retinoic acid facilitates neuronal differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Using protein/DNA based screening assays, we identified activator protein 2α as an important downstream target of all-trans retinoic acid. Although all-trans retinoic acid treatment significantly increased activator protein 2α transcriptional activity, it did not affect its expression. Inhibition of activator protein 2α with dominant-negative mutants reduced ATRA-induced differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into neurons and reversed its associated functional recovery of memory impairment in the cell-based treatment of a hypoxic-ischemic brain damage rat model. Dominant-negative mutants of activator protein 2α inhibited the expression of neuronal markers which were induced by retinoic acid receptor β activation. All-trans retinoic acid treatment increased phosphorylation of activator protein 2α and resulted in its nuclear translocation. This was blocked by siRNA-mediated knockdown of retinoic acid receptor β. Furthermore, we found that retinoic acid receptor β directly interacted with activator protein 2α. In summary, the regulation of all-trans retinoic acid on activator protein 2α transcriptional activity was mediated by activation of retinoic acid receptor β and subsequent phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of activator protein 2α. Our results strongly suggest that activator protein 2α transcriptional activity is essential for all-trans retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
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Pranzatelli MR, Tate ED, McGee NR, Verhulst SJ. CSF neurofilament light chain is elevated in OMS (decreasing with immunotherapy) and other pediatric neuroinflammatory disorders. J Neuroimmunol 2014; 266:75-81. [PMID: 24342231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Using a panel of seven brain cell-specific biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), pediatric opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome (OMS) (n=234) was compared to pediatric non-inflammatory neurological controls (n=84) and other inflammatory neurological disorders (OIND) (n=44). Only CSF NFL was elevated in untreated OMS versus controls (+83%). It was 87% higher in OIND than in OMS. On combination treatment with front-loaded ACTH, IVIg, rituximab, median CSF NFL decreased by 60% to control levels. These biochemical data suggest neuronal/axonal injury in some children with OMS without indicators of astrogliosis, and reduction on sufficient immunotherapy.
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Hossain MM, Banik NL, Ray SK. N-Myc knockdown and apigenin treatment controlled growth of malignant neuroblastoma cells having N-Myc amplification. Gene 2013; 529:27-36. [PMID: 23941992 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Malignant neuroblastomas mostly occur in children and are frequently associated with N-Myc amplification. Oncogene amplification, which is selective increase in copy number of the oncogene, provides survival advantages in solid tumors including malignant neuroblastoma. We have decreased expression of N-Myc oncogene using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) plasmid to increase anti-tumor efficacy of the isoflavonoid apigenin (APG) in human malignant neuroblastoma SK-N-DZ and SK-N-BE2 cell lines that harbor N-Myc amplification. N-Myc knockdown induced morphological and biochemical features of neuronal differentiation. Combination of N-Myc knockdown and APG most effectively induced morphological and biochemical features of apoptotic death. This combination therapy also prevented cell migration and decreased N-Myc driven survival, angiogenic, and invasive factors. Collectively, N-Myc knockdown and APG treatment is a promising strategy for controlling the growth of human malignant neuroblastoma cell lines that harbor N-Myc amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Motarab Hossain
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
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Kochanek PM, Berger RP, Fink EL, Au AK, Bayır H, Bell MJ, Dixon CE, Clark RSB. The potential for bio-mediators and biomarkers in pediatric traumatic brain injury and neurocritical care. Front Neurol 2013; 4:40. [PMID: 23637695 PMCID: PMC3636482 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2013.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of biomarkers of brain injury in pediatric neurocritical care has been explored for at least 15 years. Two general lines of research on biomarkers in pediatric brain injury have been pursued: (1) studies of "bio-mediators" in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of children after traumatic brain injury (TBI) to explore the components of the secondary injury cascades in an attempt to identify potential therapeutic targets and (2) studies of the release of structural proteins into the CSF, serum, or urine in order to diagnose, monitor, and/or prognosticate in patients with TBI or other pediatric neurocritical care conditions. Unique age-related differences in brain biology, disease processes, and clinical applications mandate the development and testing of brain injury bio-mediators and biomarkers specifically in pediatric neurocritical care applications. Finally, although much of the early work on biomarkers of brain injury in pediatrics has focused on TBI, new applications are emerging across a wide range of conditions specifically for pediatric neurocritical care including abusive head trauma, cardiopulmonary arrest, septic shock, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, hydrocephalus, and cardiac surgery. The potential scope of the utility of biomarkers in pediatric neurocritical care is thus also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Kochanek
- Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Huang M, Guo Z, Liu K, Mei X, Fang S, Zeng J, Wang Y, Yuan Y. Protein hairy enhancer of split-1 expression during differentiation of muscle-derived stem cells into neuron-like cells. Neural Regen Res 2012; 7:2182-7. [PMID: 25538738 PMCID: PMC4268716 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.028.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle-derived stem cells were isolated from the skeletal muscle of Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats aged 3 days old. Cells at passage 5 were incubated in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum, 20 μg/L nerve growth factor, 20 μg/L basic fibroblast growth factor and 1% (v/v) penicillin for 6 days. Cells presented with long processes, similar to nerve cells. Connections were formed between cell processes. Immunocytochemical staining with neuron specific enolase verified that cells differentiated into neuron-like cells. Immunofluorescence cytochemistry and western blot results revealed that the expression of protein hairy enhancer of split-1 was significantly reduced. These results indicate that low expression of protein hairy enhancer of split-1 participates in the differentiation of muscle-derived stem cells into neuron-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Huang
- Department of Nursing College, Liaoning Medical College, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhanpeng Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical College, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Nursing College, Liaoning Medical College, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xifan Mei
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical College, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shiqiang Fang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical College, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jinhao Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical College, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yansong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical College, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yajiang Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical College, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China
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Zheng J, Liang J, Deng X, Chen X, Wu F, Zhao X, Luo Y, Fu L, Jiang Z. Mitogen activated protein kinase signaling pathways participate in the active principle region of Buyang Huanwu decoction-induced differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Neural Regen Res 2012; 7:1370-7. [PMID: 25657669 PMCID: PMC4308786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our preliminary studies confirmed that an active principle region of Buyang Huanwu decoction, comprising alkaloid, polysaccharide, aglycon, glucoside and volatile oil, can induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into neurons. Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling was identified as one of the key pathways underlying this differentiation process. The present study shows phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and phosphorylated p38 protein expression was increased after differentiation. Cellular signaling pathway blocking agents, PD98059 and SB203580, inhibited extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and p38 in mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways respectively. mRNA and protein expression of the neuronal marker, neuron specific enolase, and neural stem cell marker, nestin, were decreased in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after treatment with the active principle region of Buyang Huanwu decoction. Experimental findings indicate that, extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase and p38 in mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways participate in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into neuron-like cells, induced by the active principle region of Buyang Huanwu decoction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Zheng
- Ruikang Hospital Attached to Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Level-3 Laboratory of Cell Molecular Biology of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China,
Corresponding author: Jinghui Zheng, Ruikang Hospital Attached to Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Level-3 Laboratory of Cell Molecular Biology of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China (N20120214003/WJ)
| | - Jian Liang
- Ruikang Hospital Attached to Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Level-3 Laboratory of Cell Molecular Biology of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Ruikang Hospital Attached to Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Level-3 Laboratory of Cell Molecular Biology of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Ruikang Hospital Attached to Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Level-3 Laboratory of Cell Molecular Biology of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Fasheng Wu
- Ruikang Hospital Attached to Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Level-3 Laboratory of Cell Molecular Biology of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xiaofang Zhao
- Ruikang Hospital Attached to Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Level-3 Laboratory of Cell Molecular Biology of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yuan Luo
- Ruikang Hospital Attached to Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Level-3 Laboratory of Cell Molecular Biology of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Ruikang Hospital Attached to Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Level-3 Laboratory of Cell Molecular Biology of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zuling Jiang
- Ruikang Hospital Attached to Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Level-3 Laboratory of Cell Molecular Biology of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Nanning 530011, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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